Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aide à la la décision'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Aide à la la décision.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Issa, Najah. "Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999259.
Full textKushlaf, Najah. "Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0010/document.
Full textThe research realized in this thesis proposes a decision support to improve the quality of learning. The learning includes two dimensions; human dimension and pedagogic one. The human dimension includes the learner and the teacher. The pedagogic dimension represented in curriculum set by the educational establishment; it is the know. The learner is going to transform the know into knowledge. Thus the know and the knowledge are two notions completely different. The distance between both is the distance between what the teacher presents (the know) and what the learner acquires (the knowledge). The quality of the learning concerns the learners who go to the school to acquire the know. In fact, learning consists in interiorizing the know. This internalization requires the efforts for persistent intellectual change and demands continuity based on past experiences. The acquisition of knowledge and its transformation into knowledge by the learner is influenced by several factors that affect positively or negatively on the quantity and quality of this knowledge. The confusion between the know and the knowledge guide the learner to value or to ignore his knowledge. The knowledge construction process by the diffused know requires an constant evaluation process. The process of evaluation then appreciates the structure of knowledge to make decisions intended to make it evolve. However, during an evaluation, the confusion between knowledge and knowledge can bring learner to value the score so neglecting the importance which he must give for the transformation knowledge process in favor of the highest possible fidelity of knowledge. This confusion can be detected provided that the evaluation includes a processual dimension. Therefore, the evaluation may be better associated with improvement actions and transformation of knowledge. Then the evaluation can be addressed in a logical decision support. Therefore In this research we demonstrate that the learning situation is a decision aiding situation
Thomopoulos, Rallou. "Aide à la décision dans les filières agroalimentaires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933376.
Full textSerrano, Franck. "Aide multicritère à la décision en matière d'économie d'énergie." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX24008.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop a multicriteria decision aid method to solve town's energy efficiency problems. The second goal is to realize a sensibility analysis to prepare the programming stage
Daly, Rahma. "Quatre essais en microéconométrie de la décision." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE022/document.
Full textThis thesis sheds light on the nature of the interactions between employers and employees within the company, it analyses the decisions of each agent and highlights the role of human resources. It tackles different issues related to the working environment in the firm. It consists of four essays on applied microeconometric. The first chapter investigates the dynamics of the help exchange between employees, particularly the informal help network, which is the unanticipated part of help by the firm. It analyses its determinants and effects on the wages and the productive effort of employees. The results show that providing help increases the level of effort, and receiving it has a positive impact on wages. This highlights the role of reciprocity in the exchange of informal help and suggests the existence of free-riding behaviours. The second chapter focuses on the evaluation of psychosocial risks among employees, and the impact of performance appraisal interviews on them. It aims at clearing up the ambiguous effects of performance appraisal on psychosocial risks. The results show that the level of psychosocial risk decreases when employees undertake performance appraisal interview. This effect is observed on particular dimensions of psychosocial risks, namely social relations, ethics and economic security. Moreover, this result is confirmed when taking into account the point of view of the firm. Chapter Three addresses the issue of financial participation and seeks to determine the role of workers' risk aversion on their decision to engage in a financial participation plan, such as profit sharing or employee stock ownership plan, since profit sharing involves a certain risk for employees. We find that the first factor that intervenes in the decision to subscribe to financial participation plan is the household wealth. Indeed, we find that beyond a certain threshold of wealth, workers' risk aversion does not interfere in the decision to accept financial participation. For individuals whose wealth is at an intermediate level, the attitude towards risk play a role in the decision to accept or not a financial participation plan. The more risk-averse an individual is, the less likely he is to accept financial participation. This would be beneficial to the firm that would hire the least risk averse individuals.Finally, chapter Four considers human resources management practices as a whole and tries to answer the question of whether human resource management practices are driving workers away from unionism. The results show that human resources management practices are not directly involved in the abandonment of unions by employees, but rather the opposite phenomenon is observed. Employees who benefit from some of these practices tend to be more involved with a trade union
Cauvin, Jean-Michel. "Raisonnement médical et aide à la décision en endoscopie digestive." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1B052.
Full textNgo, The An. "Structures de préférence non-conventionnelles en aide à la décision." Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090016.
Full textAuffret, Vincent. "Aide à la décision pour le remplacement valvulaire aortique percutané." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B035.
Full textAortic stenosis represents the most frequent acquired valvular heart disease, affecting up to 10% of octogenarians. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is booming and confronts clinicians with new issues that constitute a major field of research. Our work falls within the framework of computer-assisted medico-surgical interventions, and aims at proposing computer-assisted decision support systems. The present Thesis is composed of four parts. The first part focuses on the medical problematic surrounding TAVI, as well as the current French TAVI field on the basis of an article describing temporal trends in patients’ and procedural’s characteristics from 2010 to 2015 in the FRANCE 2 and FRANCE TAVI nationwide registries. This first part identifies medical issues that operators currently face, especially the optimal selection of TAVI candidates, and the reduction of procedural complications within the current trends towards treatment of patients with lower baseline surgical-risk profile. The second part deal with population-based studies, through standard statistical methods, to identify predictors of TAVI outcomes or selected procedural complications in order to facilitate procedural planning. Three articles compose this part. The first focuses on predictors of short-term cerebrovascular events post-TAVI, the second deals with conduction disturbances post-TAVI while the third aims at identifying predictors of global poor outcomes. We demonstrate the benefits of these analyses, which will remain necessary in the future, but also address their limitations, which support the use of new methods to store, sort, retrieve, and even augment relevant information to facilitate operators’ decision, especially at the pre-procedural step.The purpose of Part 3 is to address a case-based reasoning (CBR) decision-support system that could benefit from the identification of these prognostic factors and ultimately integrate them into a global and ergonomic interface for decision support. We have worked in the framework of the European project H2020 EurValve on the development of a CBR whose problematic is,for the time being, limited to the optimal choice of the approach, type and size of prosthesis. Our work focused on an analytical step in the design of this type of system dealing with the study and improvement of the similarity measure used to identify nearest neighbours (previously treated cases and their therapeutic "solution") of the current problem (case which clinicians are planning to treat). Finally, the last part focuses on increasing the information available for preoperative decision support through patient-specific numerical simulation. After a state of the art of the methods used in the field of TAVI, we worked on the elaboration and parameterization of a simulation model of the insertion of the stiff guidewire in the left ventricle (one of the first steps of the procedure that can condition the positioning of the prosthesis and thus the final result). In order to perform a first validation of this patient-specific simulation using preoperative 3D CT imaging, the proposed approach is based on the extraction of the region of interest in the 3D volume (segmentation) and its mapping to intraoperative 2D fluoroscopy through 3D / 2D registration. Our work on these image processing methods needed to implement and validate our simulation strategy is also discussed in this section. Finally, we present a potential clinical application of the simulation model regarding the influence of the shape of the guide and its insertion conditions on its stability and the pressure forces exerted on the left ventricle
Schluth-Amorim, Nathalie. "Aide à la concertation et à la décision dans le cadre de processus de décision publique complexes." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090045.
Full textCoulibaly, Adama. "Décision de groupe, Aide à la facilitation : ajustement de procédure de vote selon le contexte de décision." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10011/document.
Full textFacilitation is a central element in decision-making, especially when using new technology tools. The facilitator, to make his task easy, needs voting solutions to decide between decision-makers in order to reach conclusions in a decision-making process. A voting procedure consists of determining from a method the winner of a vote. There are several voting procedures, some of which are difficult to explain and which may elect different candidate/options/alternatives proposed. The best choice is the one whose election is easily accepted by the group. Voting in social choice theory is a widely studied discipline whose principles are often complex and difficult to explain at a decision-making meeting. Recommendation systems are becoming more and more popular in all fields of science. They can help users who do not have sufficient experience or competence to evaluate large numbers of existing voting procedures. A recommendation system can lighten the facilitator's workload in finding an appropriate voting procedure based on the decision-making context. The objective of this research work is to design such recommendation system. This work is in the field of group decision support. The issue is to contribute to the development of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS). The solution will have to be integrated into the software platform currently being developed at IRITGRUS: GRoUp Support
Bourreau, Lucas. "Diagnostic de corrosion sur ouvrage : fiabilité et aide à la décision." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4083/document.
Full textThis thesis work aims at studying the reliability of the corrosion diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures located in coastal marine environment. As part of the Project DéCoF-Ré, several non-destructive measurements were carried out on the piers of the Ré bridge in France, including half-cell potentials of the reinforcement and electrical resistivities of the concrete. The reliability firstly focused on the on-site measurement protocol and, secondly, on the interpretation of the measured data, in particular according to factors influencing the measurement. The results showed that in the case of marine structures, interpretations based on texts or recommendations available in the literature, widely used for structures exposed to atmospheric environment, may lead to erroneous conclusions indicating an overestimated degradation of the structure. Indeed, the tidal phenomenon may induce areas without oxygen for which the measurements concluded the presence of “at risk” zones that did not necessarily resulted from the corrosion of the reinforcements. Based on a major experimental campaign performed on the structure, the influence of the tide (high or low), the tidal and the seasons on the measurements was studied and quantified. By subtracting these environmental and time effects to raw data, interpretation of the corrosion diagnosis has been improved a made more reliable. This was confirmed and validated by autopsies (destructive tests), revealing the real state of corrosion of the reinforcements. Finally, a prioritization of the zones to be repaired was suggested using management's tools
Ho, Kon Tiat Vanessa. "Aide à la décision pour la conception préliminaire de procédés d'évaporation flash." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194229.
Full textSefion, Icham. "Aide à la décision, contribution pour la prise en charge de l'asthme." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES014.
Full textThe works presented in this memoir deal with the problem of the decision support in the asthma health care. The approach we propose aims at using the Case-Based Reasoning paradigm that attempts to solve a new problem by adapting established solutions to similar problems. We present ADEMA, a Case-based Reasoning system for asthma health care. It must propose a solution (diagnosis and treatment) to the physician according the consultation in progress. A case model is proposed to represent an asthmatic consultation and which was obtained using physicians and from data analysis. A similarity metric based on MVDM method was developed, tested and included in the system. An original approach for the reuse step was proposed. Lastly, we developed a user interface for our Case-Based Reasoning system
Azibi, Amine Riad. "Construction de critères en aide à la décision : aspects méthodologiques, techniques et pratiques." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090022.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to criteria construction in decision aiding. Construction of criteria represents a major stage in the decision support process. This stage raises technical difficulties notably related to the use of qualitative aspects. More specifically, we are interested in criteria aggregating qualitative consequences, which is the case of criteria based on dispersed consequences. After emphasizing the equivalence between the aggregation of qualitative attributes and an assignment problem, we propose an original methodology for building a coherent multi-attribute assignment system. Our work is based on “if. . . Then. . . ” assignment rules in order to respect the qualitative nature of attributes. We propose a general approach for a progressive construction of a rule-based assignment model. The process consists in testing iteratively the consistency of the rule base to transform it progressively into a consistent assignment model. Consistency tests are based on a correspondence between the logical representation of rules and an equivalent algebraic representation. This allows us to express rules by linear constraints and then to test the consistency of rule-based assignment models by solving a series of linear programs
Rousval, Benjamin. "Aide multicritère à l'évaluation de l'impact des transports sur l'environnement." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090068.
Full textPasanisi, Alberto. "Aide à la décision dans la gestion des parcs de compteurs d'eau potable." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000935.
Full textDanioko, Fadaba. "Aide à la décision pour la politique de maintenance des systèmes multi-états." Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/185083145#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textNowadays, the complexity of industrial systems and the variability of production policy impose on maintenance departments a more and more difficult task. In addition, production systems are sometimes subjected to strong requests (for example: productivity gain, limitation of the human resources). All the evoked requests are going to impose on the systems of production to operate under constraints: less downtime, less damages, etc. , where from the multi-state functioning way. Then it becomes major in the process of degradation called "multi-state" system, to study the problem of improvement of maintenance policy to maintain their continuity of service. Many recent works show the interest of the study of these multi-state systems, their complexity of study, modeling or optimization. Indeed, our work aims among others at the follow-up of the production system during its exploitation phase, to understand the evolution of its behavior in time, to improve its performance. This work is based on the identification of the choice of an optimal maintenance policy among several possible configurations of maintenance actions of the multi-state systems through the simulation. In our proposed approach, the study of the model of the degradation process named "multi-states model ", is led under various angles (scenarios) with or without learning about the decision node maintenance policy. An identification of the maintenance policy selection is conducted by the simulation according to the various configurations rate transitions between states occupied by the system over time. Finally an aggregation of several bayesian sub-models of multi-state systems is proposed according to their structural architectures to close to real case of production study
Cester, Corinne. "Passage des antibiotiques à travers la barrière utérine : aide à la décision thérapeutique." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT012A.
Full textAzzout, Yolande. "Aide à la décision appliquée au choix des techniques alternatives en assainissement pluvial." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0004.
Full textTo arrive at feasible choices, we have formalized the decision-making process, taking account the multiple criteria and the large number of partners involved. We have developed a decision-making tool for alternative techniques in urban storm water management at the preliminary study stage. This tool implicates the collaboration between the different actors of the decision-making process. It helps to finalize a storm water project, to imagine admissible solutions and to select appropriate ones. With these three principal objectives, others functions appeared like the help in acquisition of physical or decisional information and the help in learning. In order to realize correctly these objectives, we decomposed the decision-making process in three connected phases: - an elimination phase which makes it possible to eliminate techniques which are unworkable. We developed an expert system to facilitate this first task; - a construction phase which permit to elaborate urban storm scenario. We proposed a prescriptive tool; - a selection phase which makes it possible, in collaboration with all the partners involved, to choose a storm water drainage scenario which will best suit the objectives and the wishes of the partners. We adopted a multicriteria step and method to take account conflicting criteria and the diversity of actors' point of view
Sedrakian, Malhami Ani. "Vers une aide à la décision pour les méthodes itératives hybrides parallèles réutilisables." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066074.
Full textHugerot, Jean-Luc. "Aide à la prise de décision en gestion : application de la logique floue." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF10232.
Full textThis research consists in understanding the decision-making modalities in a social and human environment, and therefore, in an irrational and uncertain context. The decision-making scheme adopted is the one put forward by H. A. Simon, since it is general enough and accepted as a canonical model of the decision. A state of art, of the analysis context and the tools, allowing the representation of the knowledge and beliefs, has been carried out. It includes the “classical” logic approaches allowing the reasoning about issues ranging from “political-type” decisions, which are very poorly structured, to “algorithm-type” decisions, which are fully structured and entirely programmable. The tool adopted that allows the reasoning about fuzzy logic: sensed by the philosopher M. Black, whose concept about the uncertainly of belonging has been developed by L. Zadeh, and the theory of possibilities by D. Dubois & H. Prade, and also the “expertons” by A. Kauffman which allow the valuation of expert knowledge. A model is put forward. In the context of H. A. Simon’s four phases in decision-making, it allows to generalize the treatment of the main types of structures of issues about management processes with the help of the fuzzy logic. Several examples are given with the practical modalities of application. An example of a concrete use of the model is studied. A generalization of the concept is carried out as a new decision mode in management: the fuzzy decision-making, both are targeted. Another example is given with the global determination of the transaction cost of a firm, targeted with the help of two criteria stemming from human resources management and strategic marketing
Duarte, Kevin. "Aide à la décision médicale et télémédecine dans le suivi de l’insuffisance cardiaque." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0283/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the "Handle your heart" project aimed at developing a drug prescription assistance device for heart failure patients. In a first part, a study was conducted to highlight the prognostic value of an estimation of plasma volume or its variations for predicting major short-term cardiovascular events. Two classification rules were used, logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis, each preceded by a stepwise variable selection. Three indices to measure the improvement in discrimination ability by adding the biomarker of interest were used. In a second part, in order to identify patients at short-term risk of dying or being hospitalized for progression of heart failure, a short-term event risk score was constructed by an ensemble method, two classification rules, logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis of mixed data, bootstrap samples, and by randomly selecting predictors. We define an event risk measure by an odds-ratio and a measure of the importance of variables and groups of variables using standardized coefficients. We show a property of linear discriminant analysis of mixed data. This methodology for constructing a risk score can be implemented as part of online learning, using stochastic gradient algorithms to update online the predictors. We address the problem of sequential multidimensional linear regression, particularly in the case of a data stream, using a stochastic approximation process. To avoid the phenomenon of numerical explosion which can be encountered and to reduce the computing time in order to take into account a maximum of arriving data, we propose to use a process with online standardized data instead of raw data and to use of several observations per step or all observations until the current step. We define three processes and study their almost sure convergence, one with a variable step-size, an averaged process with a constant step-size, a process with a constant or variable step-size and the use of all observations until the current step without storing them. These processes are compared to classical processes on 11 datasets. The third defined process with constant step-size typically yields the best results
Benabbou, Loubna. "Contributions à la classificaton supervisée multi-classes et multicritère en aide à la décision." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20646.
Full textBarrios, Carolina. "UneRéconciliation des mesures de l'utilité à l'aide de la "prospect theory" : une approche expérimentale." Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0018.
Full textFaure, Guy. "L'exploitation agricole dans un environnement changeant : innovation, aide à la décision et processus d'accompagnement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178531.
Full textPerez, Nicolas. "Contribution à la conception énergétique de quartiers : simulation, optimisation et aide à la décision." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS017/document.
Full textThe integration of the research of energy efficiency into urban development projects is essential in the current context of energy and environmental transition. In order to reduce the energy footprint of a district already starting from the design phase, a set of contributions was elaborated to support the planners in this process. The DIMOSIM simulation platform (DIstrict MOdeller and SIMulator) has been developed to dynamically model and simulate the energy flows of a district located within its urban environment. The design of the district is optimized using a multi-objective procedure combining energy, economic and environmental aspects to ensure the best overall performance. A cross-cutting, multi-level approach integrating the NSGA-II genetic algorithm was implemented in order to adapt the procedure to the specificities of the problem. The selection of the preferred solution is then facilitated by the use of a multicriteria analysis method which was developed to provide a detailed evaluation of the different concepts : the outranking method ATLAS (Assistance TooL for decision support to assessment And Sort). Finally, the complete procedure dedicated to the district energy system design was applied to eco-district projects in order to validate its correct operation and also to provide the necessary support to decision-makers
Rautureau, Séverine. "Simulations d'épizooties de fièvre aphteuse et aide à la décision : approches épidémiologique et économique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709417.
Full textBenabbou, Loubna. "Contributions à la classification supervisée multi-classes et multicritère en aide à la décision." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26099/26099.pdf.
Full textMillier, Aurélie. "Contribution méthodologique et aide à la décision pour l’évaluation des interventions de la schizophrénie." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE3001.
Full textSchizophrenia is the most widespread adult psychosis, with a prevalence of about 1%. This chronic disease is associated to a heavy burden in terms of quality of life of patients and caregivers, as well as in terms of societal costs. Antipsychotics are the reference treatment, allowing patients to have a better control of their symptoms. Nevertheless some patients are not completely compliant with their treatment because of side effects, or lack of efficacy. Introduction of new antipsychotics on the market with less side effects, or better targeting subgroups of patients would increase patients’ compliance. Consequences, in terms of relapse or costs avoided in particular, can be assessed in the context of pharmacoeconomic evaluation. The objective of this report is to contribute to methodological knowledge on one side, and to present a new decision-making tool on another side, for evaluation of new antipsychotics indicated in schizophrenia. After a presentation of schizophrenia, the first section of this report presents results of literature reviews conducted on economic and humanistic burden of the disease. The second section presents results of several statistical analyses, using data from a European cohort. The third and last section presents the role of economic evaluation and suggests a design for a microsimulation model, to assess cost-effectiveness of new antipsychotics. This model is based on the premise that the aim of treatment is to prevent relapses, which affect the patient quality of life and generate substantial costs. The probability of relapse is dependent upon treatment and compliance, which is expected to be improved with new antipsychotics. Treatments are also differentiated in terms of side-effects and cardiovascular complications. A discussion focusing on limits of this model concludes this report
Khelifi, Mohammed Nedjib. "Méthode de conception d'un système d'information par ébauche systémique et aide à la décision." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080795.
Full textThe systemic preliminary model has become a due way for the conception of a system realised in a perspective of change. In this research work, it is presented as a pedagogic help for future managers in various fields such as communication, economics, business, sociology etc. . . It is destined to improve the communication behaviours during individual interviews or to collect information in order to reach the aim in the most efficient way. Our aim (goal) is to give the survey manager tools, arguments, rules, criteria and parameters to enable him with the assistance of a programmer, to get through and to achieve a project. The concept of information has improved and gets more precise from day to day tanks to the developement of programming technics keeping in mind the fact that modelisation applies to every representation or abstract transcription of a concrete reality and plays at the scientific level an essential part in the research thanks to various representations. A theoretical research capable of solving the problem of complete modelisation of the system of information would allow to foresee for the future a conception methodology of the complete information system, the conception and structuration of overtated database
Wang, Xixi. "Ordonnancement de projet avec contraintes de ressources et aide à la décision multi-objectif." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0022.
Full textThis thesis deals with the multi-objective Resource Constraint Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). After a specific literature review, we solve the problem with exact approaches in the first place: the Two Phases Method and the Parallel Partitioning Method. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, the exact methods are only able to solve small instances. For this reason, we apply the approximated methods to deal with larger problems. The genetic algorithms are firstly adopted to solve large-scaled instances. Moreover, we propose to improve the basic scheme with several hybridizations. A local search with Mapping Method is applied for a better exploration of the solution space. Next, we consider a special case where the decision-makers wish to reduce the number of solutions. Thus, in this part of the thesis, we try to select the most interesting solutions among the whole non-dominated front. For this purpose, several dominance relationships are considered as alternatives of the Pareto dominance. These dominance rules are implemented in the basic genetic algorithm schemes, as well as those with local search. The results show that the considered hybridizations enhance highly the basic method results. Our future research will highlight more complex multi-objective RCPSP problems and the industrial application
Ouattara, Adama. "Méthodologie d'éco-conception de procédés par optimisation multiobjectif et aide à la décision multicritère." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0055/document.
Full textThis study aims at the development of a design methodology for eco-efficient processes, meaning that ecological and economic considerations are taken into account simultaneously at the preliminary design phase of chemical processes. The environmental aspect is quantified by using of a set of indicators following the guidelines of sustainability concepts. The design framework is based on a modelling approach considering both process and utility production units, since the environmental impact of a chemical process not only contains the material involved in the process but also the energy consumption, the effect of flow recycle, material conversion and so on... For this purpose, a decision support tool dedicated to the management of plant utilities (steam, electricity, water...) and pollutants (CO2, SO2, NOx, etc..), (ARIANETM package) was coupled to process modelling and used here both to compute the primary energy requirements of the process and to quantify its pollutant emissions. Both models were thus integrated in an outer multiobjective optimization loop, based on a variant of the so-called NSGA-II (Non Sorted Genetic Algorithm) multiobjective genetic algorithm. The trade-off between economic and environmental objectives is illustrated through the generation of Pareto fronts. The selection of the best design alternatives is performed through the use of multicriteria analysis. The well-known benchmark process for hydrodealkylation (HDA) of toluene to produce benzene, revisited here in a multi-objective mode, is used to illustrate the usefulness of the approach in finding environmentally friendly and cost-effective designs
Bouguerra, Afef. "Optimisation et aide à la décision pour la programmation des opérations électives et urgentes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0171/document.
Full textThe operating theater is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources. Indeed, a high percentage of hospital admissions are due to surgical interventions. Rising expenditures spur health care organizations to organize their processes more efficiently and effectively. This thesis is supported by the urban community of Sarreguemines-France and the region of Lorraine-France, and is carried out in collaboration with the Centre Hospitalier de Sarreguemines - Hôpital Robert Pax. In the first part of this work, we propose two mathematical programming models to help operating theater managers in developing an optimal operating rooms scheduling. We also propose a constructive heuristic to obtain near optimal results for realistic sizes of the problem. In the second part of our work, the whole scheduling process is modeled as a hybrid four-stage flow shop problem with RSb blocking constraint, and is solved by a genetic algorithm. The objective is to synchronize all the needed resources around the optimal daily schedule obtained with the proposed mathematical model. The last part of our work is dedicated to non-elective surgeries. We propose a decision support tool, guiding the operating room manager, to handle this unpredictable flow of patients. Non-elective patients are classified according to their medical priority. The main contribution of the proposed decision support tool is to provide online assignment strategies to treat each non elective patient category. Proposed assignments are riskless on patient’s health. According to non-elective surgery classes, the proposed adjusted schedule minimizes different criteria such as patient’s waiting time, deviation from the firstly scheduled starting time of a surgery and the amount of resulting overtime
Rautureau, Séverine. "Simulations d’épizooties de fièvre aphteuse et aide à la décision : approches épidémiologique et économique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T002/document.
Full textThe 2001 Foot-and-mouth disease epizootic in the United Kingdom has illustrated limits in some established surveillance, control, anticipation and decision-making systems. At the same time, the relaxation of vaccination procedures has enhanced the set of usable tools by risk managers. A reassessment in France seemed needed.For this purpose, the research project firstly proposed to study the organization of the different livestock industries in France. The analysis of French holding network by using the method of social network analysis has led to characterize the relationships between holdings and to determine a constant structural vulnerability to diseases spread especially due to bovine trade network.Secondly, the disease spread in the holding network has been studied with simulations generated by a specifically built model. The cost-effectiveness of different control strategies (combining infected herd depopulation, pre-emptive culling and vaccination) were then compared. Results showed that no single epidemiological and economical optimal strategy existed and local context must be taken into account. Indeed, the cost-effective strategy changed according to the concerned area and the considered players.This research work allowed creating a thinking tool for decision-making but also a training tool for crisis management preparation
Agudelo, Gutierrez Lina Maria. "Aide à décision en conception préliminaire par l'estimation du poids de la performance environnementale." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0027/document.
Full textThe development of an eco-design method to create products involving environmental indicators to aid decision making at the stage of conceptual design, can be found in the present work. The proposed method is based on the definition and generation of a TRIPLET: a consistent relationship between materials, processes and forms. A taxonomy of shapes characterizes different shapes achievable by the manufacturing processes. A Description of Concept (DCT) includes some overall dimensions of the piece conceived and the finishing and material removal processes. An environmental indicator based on RECIPE database and adapted to the method to be able to evaluate the environmental impact. The aid integrates two approaches, deductive and inductive based on the experience of the designer. The DCT includes choosing a solid base that suggests, based on the functional surfaces defined in the process, a reflection towards a sketch of the piece concept. The different concepts developed are ranked from a multiple-criteria decision analysis based on the environmental indicator, a manufacturing cost, a performance index and a combination index obtained by fuzzy logic. The process is supported on a database linked to the required knowledge and the software tool "ECOTRIAL". A redesign application concludes the thesis and demonstrates the applicability of the proposed method
Mousseau, Vincent. "Problèmes liés à l'évaluation de l'importance relative des critères en aide multicritère à la décision : réflexions théoriques, expérimentations et implémentations informatiques." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090018.
Full textSarac, Aysegul. "Modélisation et aide à la décision pour l'introduction des technologies RFID dans les chaînes logistiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541012.
Full textBrun, Mélanie. "Aide à la décision pour la conservation des populations de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L.)." Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3015/document.
Full textThe sustainable management of natural living resources is a major issue in a context of increasing scarcity due to human impact and of pervasive uncertainty. Improving existing tools and developing new ones to advise decision makers on the potential evolution of natural living resources, according to various management and environmental scenarios, is requested. This PhD aims at contributing to the development of a methodology for decision making for natural living resources management, while taking into account major sources of uncertainty. This is achieved through the study case of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) population ofthe Nivelle River (France). This population is subjected to a long term monitoring program and the species has been extensively studied. Atlantic salmon is a threatened species but still targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries. It illustrates the duality between conservation and exploitation which is at the heart of natural living resource management. To manage a population, it is necessary to understand its dynamics and to predict its evolution under various management and environmental scenarios. The Bayesian approach provides a coherent framework to quantify uncertainty in its different forms. Hierarchical models allow the assimilation of multiple sources of data and to make spatio-temporal inferences and predictions. A Bayesian state space model, i.e. a Bayesian dynamic hierarchical model, is constructed to study the dynamics of the population of interest and topredict its evolution. The decision theory under uncertainty provides a framework to help an individual in its choices, but its application still raises difficulties. In theory, a utility function depending on the consequences of alternative actions reflects the preferences of a single individual involved in a decision problem. In practice, its construction is challenging. Firstly, it is difficult to assign a value for each consequence. Secondly, there is usually more than one individual involved in the decision problem. Consequently, we obtain a set of utility functions. Due to the various and often conflicting interests the decision maker has to take into account, the utility function is multivariate. In this PhD, a set of bivariate utility functions is constructed. It accounts for the uncertainty about the function, the variation of preferences among stakeholders and the dual interests of exploitation vs conservation. Next, a robustness analysis is performed to study if the optimal decision, i.e. associated to the maximum expected utility, varies when the utility function varies. The methodology developed in this PhD proved practicable and fruitful. It provides a coherent framework for organizing the interactions between scientists, stakeholders and decision makers for reaching a common understanding of decision problems in the management of natural living resources. By acknowledging explicitly the diversity among stakeholders, it allows to identify potential conflict and it helps guiding decision makers towards acceptable trade-off actions. However, it requires a high level of training and expertise in modelling and computation. It involves also thoughtful and time consuming analyses. How to render these requirements compatible with the current level of expertise and the short term agendas of management bodies is a main challenge for the near future
Rizzon, Bastien. "Aide à la décision pour les entreprises industrielles inscrites dans une démarche de développement durable." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA003/document.
Full textSustainable Development (SD) is "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Its three founding pillars are Economy, Environment and Society which are to be handled together. We take the perspective of industrial performance in order to characterize the needs of a company involved in SD.Industrial performance, throughout its history, has to consider more and more numerous criteria up to the present SD pillars. We propose to look on SD as the improvement approach established by the company. According to this, we propose an aid for the human decision maker in order to fulfill the requirements of SD and notably its holistic and cyclic nature.Companies develop continuous approaches to improvement based on standards and methods like the PDCA cycle. Thus, the idea is to enrich this practice with a MCDA process for aiding the decision maker to establish his/her preference and to apply a suitable information processing to it that benefits the improvement approach. In order to integrate imprecision in the decision to be taken, we propose a methodology for characterizing the robustness of the product of a MCDA method in relation to the imprecision of a criterion value. In order to consider the aspect "operational implemantation" of an action, besides its benefit for the performance of the company, we developped a "Feasability" model related to the actions based on the ACUTA method. The idea is to offer the decision maker information complementary with utility information in order to permit a compromise Utility/Feasibility concerning the decision to be taken. Our proposition is applied to an industrial real case conducted in the framework of a partnership with the company adixen Vacuum Products (aVP) in Annecy. This partnership has led to the deployment of our proposition for a decision problem concerning the need in instrumentation required for the building of an energy management system, according to the ISO 50001 standard
Guillaud-Jullien, Martine. "Aide à la décision dans la mise en place d'un dépistage en santé bucco-dentaire." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10168.
Full textGrassin, Nathalie. "Aide à la décision pour le choix du trace des lignes à très haute-tension." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090030.
Full textThe aim of this work is to construct decision support criteria which take into account population in the choice of the route of high voltage lines. But these criteria have to be adapted to the organisation which will use them. Consequently, to begin with, we underline the importance of the decisional context of h. V. Lines. We underline as well,the need of fixing the meaning of "population" and impact of lines on population. A method of division of the concerned area in homogeneous zones and of valuation (on different criteria) of possible routes is proposed. The construction of these criteria raises a theoretical issue : how geographically dispersed zones can be ponctualised in order to valuate a route ? Without giving "right" answers the criteria permit to evidence the consequences of the possible routes for the population. At last,it seemed interesting to try to understand the underlying objectives which lead deciders to undertake such a study and the way tese objectives can be reached inside the concerned organisation
Franchini, Lionel. "Aide à la décision pour la gestion des opérateurs en production : modélisation, planification et évaluation." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT012G.
Full textWang, Zhiqiang. "Aide à la décision en usinage basée sur des règles métier et apprentissages non supervisés." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4038.
Full textIn the general context of Industry 4.0, large volumes of manufacturing data are available on instrumented machine-tools. They are interesting to exploit not only to improve machine-tool performances but also to support the decision making for the operational management. This thesis aims at proposing a decision-aid system for intelligent and connected machine-tools through Data mining. The first step in a data mining approach is the selection of relevant data. Raw data must, therefore, be classified into different groups of contexts. This thesis proposes a contextual classification procedure in machining based on unsupervised machine learning by Gaussian mixture model. Based on this contextual classification information, different machining incidents can be detected in real-time. They include chatter, tool breakage and excessive vibration. This thesis introduces a set of business rules for incidents detection. The operational context has been deciphering when incidents occur, based on the contextual classification that explains the types of machining and tool engagement. Then, the nouveaux relevant and appropriate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) can be proposed based on these contextual information and the incidents detected to support decision making for the operational management
Saar, Ibrahima. "Aide à la décision d'une chimiothérapie curative ou préventive devant un paludisme à plasmodium falciparum." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25340.
Full textTouret, Romain. "Aide à la décision dans l'évaluation des impacts des politiques de financement de la recherche." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED071.
Full textWe propose and experiment a model dedicated to the analysis of research funding policies able to support a decision-maker in the evaluation of his policy. The model thus relies on an original mechanism that focuses on the concept of the innovation system as a whole. Its design is also the result of mapping the current French system and analyzing its limits. Our model is thus built with the ambition of "re" placing the decision-maker at the center of the decision-making process, giving political orientation a leading role in the design of public research policies.In partnership with the Centre-Val de Loire region in France, weʼve tested our model. This work has thus highlighted an adaptation behavior of the search operators. We conclude that it is possible, without loss of legitimacy, to guide at least one part of a system.Finally, we are using computer tools to develop a decision support model that represents the regional research funding policy as faithfully as possible. We finish by developing our model to design a decision support tool used by teams in the region to assist them in choosing projects to finance
Codet, de Boisse Aurélien. "Aide à la décision exploitant de la connaissance générale etcontextuelle : application à la maintenance d’hélicoptère." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0011/document.
Full textThe works presented in this thesis aims to contribute to the development of a tool for design decision support exploiting general knowledge and contextual knowledge. The use of general knowledge is performed using a constraint filtering engine the exploitation of contextual knowledge is based on principles derived from case-based reasoning and data mining. The main result relies on a constraint notion called "contextual constraint". The principal idea consists to parameterize a constraint with respect to a context where it must be filtered. Depending on the level of confidence characterizing contextual knowledge, this constraint may either be propagated independently by a filtering engine or being used to provide help to the user. We propose in order to identify the context of the constraint to use the principle of similarity search widely used in case-based reasoning. To complete or refine the information resulting from this constraint contextual filtering, we use counting algorithms developed for data-mining to quantify the occurrence characterizing a kind of confidence in the result. Our work is based on a FUI project relating to helicopter maintenance. The aim of this tool is to better estimate the charge, the cycle, the operational costs of maintenance of an helicopter. The originality of this work is to consider both the manufacturers knowledge (general knowledge) to determine an initial estimate and then to correct it according to the conditions of effective use of the helicopter (contextual knowledge)
Rakotoarivelo, Jean-Baptiste. "Aide à la décision multi-critère pour la gestion des risques dans le domaine financier." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30067/document.
Full textWe are working on multicriteria decision analysis. We started with the study of risk typology through a huge review of literature. We have developed a theoretical model grouping four different categories of nineteen financial risk cases. Through this theoretical model, we have applied them to the "Caisse d'Epargne Midi-Pyrénées". In this thesis, we seek to make a contribution to the security management of information systems at the level of the savings bank. These analyzes are based on facts observed, collected and measured with real experiments resulting in its information system security policy and want to offer a pragmatic approach to the presentation of financial risk analysis through methods supporting. multicriteria decision analysis. The development of this model makes it possible to represent certain specific aspects of the financial risks that have often occurred in their activities. Our research led to the achievement of a concrete result in relation to the needs of the information system manager of the savings bank. It is an effective decision support system by constructing relative figures for the values of the criteria assigned by the RSSI
Lénard, Jean-Dominique. "Approche multicritère de la gestion des approvisionnements. : Aide à la décision et pilotage global d'un ensemble d'articles." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090040.
Full textAdla, Abdelkader. "Aide à la Facilitation pour une prise de Décision Collective : Proposition d'un Modèle et d'un Outil." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514908.
Full textYu, Wei. "Aide multicritère à la décision dans le cadre de la problématique du tri : concepts, méthodes et applications." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090032.
Full textThis research is concerned by the field of multiple criteria decision aid. It aims at providing some elements of a general methodology for multiple criteria sorting problems and, more specifically, multiple criteria segmentation (MCS) problems. After showing some drawbacks of "classical" approaches, we focus our attention on the outranking approach. Some basic concepts and a general methodology are introduced. Considering elementary MCS problems, we develop and analyze several sorting procedures. By enlarging preference modelling to subsets of alternatives. We extended these procedures to the case of generalized MCS problems. In he last part, we present and illustrate, on a practical example, our software Electre tri, which is based on the Electre tri method described previously