Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aide à la décision multi-objectifs'
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Doan, Nguyen Anh Vu. "Multi-Objective Optimization and Multi-Criteria Decision Aid Applied to the Design of 3D-Stacked Integrated Circuits." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/216785/4/thesis.pdf.
Full textIn the past decades, the microelectronic industry has been following the Moore's law to improve the performance of integrated circuits (IC). However, it will probably be impossible to follow this law in the future due to physical limitations appearing with the miniaturization of the transistors below a certain threshold without innovation. In order to overcome this problem, new technologies have emerged, and among them the 3D-Stacked Integrated Circuits (3D-SIC) have been proposed to keep the Moore's momentum alive. 3D-SICs can bring numerous advantages in the design of future ICs but at the cost of additional design complexity due to their highly combinatorial nature, and the optimization of several conflicting criteria. In this thesis, we present a first study of tools that can help the design of 3D-SICs, using mutiobjective optimization (MOO) and multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA). Our study has targeted one of the main issues in the design of 3D-SICs: the partitioning with floorplanning estimation under multiple objectives. This thesis shows that the use of a multi-criteria paradigm can provide relevant and objective analysis of the problem. This can allow a quick design space exploration and an improvement of the current design flows as it is possible to provide qualitative and quantitative information about a design space, that would not be available with current tools. Also, with its flexibility, MOO can cope with the multiple degrees of freedom of 3D-SICs, which enables more design possibilities that are usually not taken into account with current tools. In addition, the developed algorithms can show robustness properties even if the problem is complex. Finally, applying multi-criteria decision aid would allow designers to make relevant choices in a transparent process.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bouzarour-Amokrane, Yasmina. "Structuration des processus d'aide à la décision par analyse bipolaire." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2322/.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis concerns the multi-criteria decision support field. This field aims at helping decision makers (DM) to face decisions involving several conflicting objectives. To deals with this, decision is addressed in a context where a group of alternatives is evaluated through a set of criteria (often contradictory) to estimate the potential of each to achieve the goals. The main concern of this research is to propose flexible structuring decision problem support for evaluating alternatives distinguishing between positive and negative aspects they present with regard to objectives achievement. Bipolar structure models are proposed first to evaluate the decision problems at the individual level. The synergistic relationships and potential interactions between the decision characteristics (attributes, alternative objectives) are modeled in a bipolar context and integrated into resolution approaches taking account the certain or uncertain environment in which the evaluation takes place. In a second part, group decision problems are discussed taking into account the impact of human behaviour (influence, individualism, fear, caution, etc. ) on decisional capacity at individual and collective levels. Valuation models and a consensus process are proposed in two relatively independent problem categories: social choice problems, and, strategic game problems
Danioko, Fadaba. "Aide à la décision pour la politique de maintenance des systèmes multi-états." Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/185083145#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textNowadays, the complexity of industrial systems and the variability of production policy impose on maintenance departments a more and more difficult task. In addition, production systems are sometimes subjected to strong requests (for example: productivity gain, limitation of the human resources). All the evoked requests are going to impose on the systems of production to operate under constraints: less downtime, less damages, etc. , where from the multi-state functioning way. Then it becomes major in the process of degradation called "multi-state" system, to study the problem of improvement of maintenance policy to maintain their continuity of service. Many recent works show the interest of the study of these multi-state systems, their complexity of study, modeling or optimization. Indeed, our work aims among others at the follow-up of the production system during its exploitation phase, to understand the evolution of its behavior in time, to improve its performance. This work is based on the identification of the choice of an optimal maintenance policy among several possible configurations of maintenance actions of the multi-state systems through the simulation. In our proposed approach, the study of the model of the degradation process named "multi-states model ", is led under various angles (scenarios) with or without learning about the decision node maintenance policy. An identification of the maintenance policy selection is conducted by the simulation according to the various configurations rate transitions between states occupied by the system over time. Finally an aggregation of several bayesian sub-models of multi-state systems is proposed according to their structural architectures to close to real case of production study
Benabbou, Loubna. "Contributions à la classificaton supervisée multi-classes et multicritère en aide à la décision." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20646.
Full textBenabbou, Loubna. "Contributions à la classification supervisée multi-classes et multicritère en aide à la décision." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26099/26099.pdf.
Full textWang, Xixi. "Ordonnancement de projet avec contraintes de ressources et aide à la décision multi-objectif." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0022.
Full textThis thesis deals with the multi-objective Resource Constraint Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). After a specific literature review, we solve the problem with exact approaches in the first place: the Two Phases Method and the Parallel Partitioning Method. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, the exact methods are only able to solve small instances. For this reason, we apply the approximated methods to deal with larger problems. The genetic algorithms are firstly adopted to solve large-scaled instances. Moreover, we propose to improve the basic scheme with several hybridizations. A local search with Mapping Method is applied for a better exploration of the solution space. Next, we consider a special case where the decision-makers wish to reduce the number of solutions. Thus, in this part of the thesis, we try to select the most interesting solutions among the whole non-dominated front. For this purpose, several dominance relationships are considered as alternatives of the Pareto dominance. These dominance rules are implemented in the basic genetic algorithm schemes, as well as those with local search. The results show that the considered hybridizations enhance highly the basic method results. Our future research will highlight more complex multi-objective RCPSP problems and the industrial application
Rakotoarivelo, Jean-Baptiste. "Aide à la décision multi-critère pour la gestion des risques dans le domaine financier." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30067/document.
Full textWe are working on multicriteria decision analysis. We started with the study of risk typology through a huge review of literature. We have developed a theoretical model grouping four different categories of nineteen financial risk cases. Through this theoretical model, we have applied them to the "Caisse d'Epargne Midi-Pyrénées". In this thesis, we seek to make a contribution to the security management of information systems at the level of the savings bank. These analyzes are based on facts observed, collected and measured with real experiments resulting in its information system security policy and want to offer a pragmatic approach to the presentation of financial risk analysis through methods supporting. multicriteria decision analysis. The development of this model makes it possible to represent certain specific aspects of the financial risks that have often occurred in their activities. Our research led to the achievement of a concrete result in relation to the needs of the information system manager of the savings bank. It is an effective decision support system by constructing relative figures for the values of the criteria assigned by the RSSI
Bois, Jérémy. "Outil d’aide à la décision pour la conception de maisons solaires à énergie positive." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0679/document.
Full textWith energy-related and environmental climate change challenges, energy sobriety and local energy production are yet to become a mainstream practice for new buildings construction by 2020. This works focuses on single-family houses which in France represent half of new buildings constructions with 200000 new units new units each year. Near zero energy single-family houses with 100 % solar energy consists on compromising between performance of building envelope which defines energy needs and the ability for equipments to value free solar energy. Hence solar energy must be able to cover space heating and domestic hot waterdemands but also provide enough energy for lightning and other specific uses such as domestic appliances.After a literature review of near zero energy house concepts, an analysis was undertaken to providea clear view of solar combi-systems technical solutions with the ability to provide enough energyfor both needs : space heating and domestic hot water. Using Dymola environment a detailed modelwas developed and its consistency was checked by inter-comparison at component scale. An innovative control algorithm has been worked out to maximize the solar system’s global performance. Afirst parametric study has shown that the system was able to cover close to 80 % of house heat requirement. However sizing of a solar combi-system is a complex task and requires to find compromises between building sobriety, solar thermal energy efficiency, and photovoltaics solar energy sizing. Because of the problem’s complexity, a decision aid tool with an appropriate multi-criteria optimizationalgorithm is required.To that end a chapter is dedicated to the development of a multi-criteria optimization algorithm based on artificial bee colony behavior. This approach has proved to be quite effective to solve the problem and to handle continuous, discrete and qualitative decision variables. Chosen solution was constrained to have a positive energy balance and must maximize solar space heating and domestic fraction in a view to reduce total energy consumption. A validation process has also been set up and the developed optimization algorithm has proved its ability to solve standard problems with a fairlyshort number of evaluations. Adopted methodology was illustrated by two applications of the design phase of a near zero energydetached house. First one is located at Bordeaux an second one in Strasbourg. Selected climate conditions emphasize the ability of the proposed approach to identify a wide range of optimal solutions showing differences within the building’s performance as well as the solar system sizing. Lastly a decision aid tool allows to explore optimal front in a convenient way to shape adapted solutions
Benabbou, Nawal. "Procédures de décision par élicitation incrémentale de préférences en optimisation multicritère, multi-agents et dans l'incertain." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066101/document.
Full textThis thesis work falls within the area of algorithmic decision theory which is at the junction of decision theory, operations research and artificial intelligence. Our aim is to produce algorithms allowing the fast resolution of decision problems in complex environments (multiple criteria, multi-agents, uncertainty). This work focuses on decision-theoretic elicitation and uses preferences to efficiently determine the best solutions among a set of alternatives explicitly or implicitly defined (combinatorial optimization). For combinatorial optimization problems, we propose and study a new approach consisting in interleaving incremental preference elicitation and preference-based search. The idea is to use the exploration to identify informative preference queries while exploiting answers to better focus the search on the preferred solutions. This approach leads us to propose incremental elicitation procedures for multi-objective state-space search problems, multicriteria shortest path problems, multicriteria minimum spanning tree problems, multi-agents knapsack problems and sequential decision problems under uncertainty. We provide theoretical guarantees on the correctness of the proposed algorithms and we present numerical tests showing their practical efficiency
Mosnier, David. "Optimisation robuste multi-critères des pneumatiques en préconception." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0028.
Full textA global framework has been introduced in or der to deal with pre-design steps. The proposed workflow has been applied on the design of tire dimensions to fit new vehicles specifications. Indeed, industrial design lead time has been progressively reduced in order to bring new products faster to market. Nevertheless, environmental regulations become more and more stringent and the importance given to energetic efficiency during new products design phases increase From day to day. Therefore, design pro cess has to be reconsidered in order to be able to design quickly products which have to fulfil new specifications compared to their former version. The proposed framework uses a genetic algorithm in order to solve multi-objective optimisation problems. Since model calls are computationally expensive, it has been necessary to use surrogate modelling in order to fast en objective evaluations. Then data mining tools using self organizing maps have been deployed in order to cluster solutions. It allows providing the designer a limited number of typing, which are easier to behold. Eventually, uncertainties have been considered during optimization thanks to constraints addition. The proposed framework has been employed on tire dimensions optimization while designing a new vehicle. Therefore design parameters as well as objective functions that have to be taken into account have been introduced before developing corresponding models. Furthermore surrogate modelling is integrated in the optimization pro cess in order to accelerate objective functions evaluations while keeping a good accuracy. The automatic clustering workflow is then a real design support tool. A last step of constrained optimization can be fulfilled so as to refine the proposed solutions. Numerous problems with diverse specifications have been solved with the multi-criteria optimization framework presented. It has been shown that this framework is also able to deal with uncertainties and ensures limited influence on optimal solutions performances. Several examples have been treated as a validation. lndeed, tire dimensions designs have been conducted for several specifications which belonged to different vehicles with diverse properties. Indeed tire dimensions have been proposed for a vintage vehicle as well as electric, hybrid or down-sized vehicles, which would emerge in the upcoming decade
Galvagnon, Vincent. "Aide à la décision en gestion multi-projet distribuée : approche locale pour la planification à moyen terme." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ESAE0024.
Full textPerez, Nicolas. "Contribution à la conception énergétique de quartiers : simulation, optimisation et aide à la décision." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS017/document.
Full textThe integration of the research of energy efficiency into urban development projects is essential in the current context of energy and environmental transition. In order to reduce the energy footprint of a district already starting from the design phase, a set of contributions was elaborated to support the planners in this process. The DIMOSIM simulation platform (DIstrict MOdeller and SIMulator) has been developed to dynamically model and simulate the energy flows of a district located within its urban environment. The design of the district is optimized using a multi-objective procedure combining energy, economic and environmental aspects to ensure the best overall performance. A cross-cutting, multi-level approach integrating the NSGA-II genetic algorithm was implemented in order to adapt the procedure to the specificities of the problem. The selection of the preferred solution is then facilitated by the use of a multicriteria analysis method which was developed to provide a detailed evaluation of the different concepts : the outranking method ATLAS (Assistance TooL for decision support to assessment And Sort). Finally, the complete procedure dedicated to the district energy system design was applied to eco-district projects in order to validate its correct operation and also to provide the necessary support to decision-makers
Piegay, Nicolas. "Optimisation multi-objectif et aide à la décision pour la conception robuste. : Application à une structure industrielle sur fondations superficielles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0393/document.
Full textDesign in Civil Engineering is usually performed in a semi-probabilistic way using characteristic values which are associated with partial safety factors. However, this approach doesn’t guarantee the structure robustness with regard to uncertainties that could affect its performance during construction and operation. In this thesis, we propose a decision aid methodology for robust design of steel frame on spread foundations. Soil-structure interaction is taken into consideration in the design process implying that the design choices on foundations influence the design choices on steel frame (and vice versa). The proposed design approach uses multi-objective optimization and decision aid methods in order to obtain the best solution with respect to the decision-maker’s preferences on each criterion. Furthermore, sensitivity analyzes are performed in order to identify and quantify the most influencing uncertainty sources on variability of the structure performances. These uncertainties are modeled as random variables and propagated in the design process using latin hypercube sampling. A part of this dissertation is devoted to the effects of uncertainties involved in soil properties on the structure responses and on the design global approach
Laïchour, Hakim. "Modélisation multi-agent et aide à la décision : application à la régulation des correspondances dans les réseaux de transport urbain." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-309-310.pdf.
Full textTremolet, Arnault. "Modèles et méthodes numériques pour les études conceptuelles d’aéronefs à voilure tournante." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4337.
Full textOn the one hand the diversity of rotorcraft concepts is very rich, on the other hand the extent of their applications is very wide. Then a key question is raising: What is the most suitable concept facing a number of missions and specifications ? For answering, models and methods are required for predicting and evaluating the flight performances and environmental impact of rotorcraft. The project «Concepts of Rotorcraft Enhanced Assessment Through Integrated Optimization Network» (C.R.E.A.T.I.O.N.) aims at developing a multi-disciplinary and multi-level modelling calculation chain. The multi-disciplinary feature comes from the involvement of different disciplines in rotorcraft design. The multi modelling levels are defined to allow the evaluation of any rotorcraft concept whatever the level of details available in the description data. The present thesis is part of this project. First steps are the implementation of statistical models able to initialize the rotorcraft presizing from some specifications, the development of an analytical code that evaluates flight performances and its integration into the multidisciplinary calculation chain. A preliminary design conception chain using multidisciplinary optimization is setup and applied to a practical case showing its efficiency as presizing methodology. For this purpose multi-objectives exploration algorithms and decision aid methods to select a best compromise solution are also studied. The exploration of databases and creating response surface models are other themes explored in this thesis
Brax, Nicolas. "Self-adaptive multi-agent systems for aided decision-making : an application to maritime surveillance." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2196/.
Full textThe maritime activity has widely grow in the last few years and is the witness of several illegal activities. It has become necessary that the organizations involved in the maritime surveillance possess efficient systems to help them in their identification. The maritime surveillance systems must observe a wide maritime area, identify the anomalies in the behaviours of the monitored ships et trigger alerts when these anomalies leads to a suspicious behavior. We propose a generic agent model, called MAS4AT, able to fulfil two main roles of a surveillance system: the numerical representation of the behaviours of the monitored entities and learning mechanisms for a better efficiency. MAS4AT is integrated in the system I2C
Mauranyapin, Jérémie. "La décision et les ensembles flous : contributions méthodologiques à la théorie des jeux et l'aide à la décision." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0059/document.
Full textDetermining the allocation and the distribution of scarce resources is fundamental in economics. Thus, decision theory is the cornerstone of economic theory. In this thesis, we first provide a state of the art insisting on the fact that information, that is a central element of decision-making, is imperfect. Secondly, using fuzzy set theory, which aims to capture imprecision, we construct a fuzzy number, so-called C-Shape that captures the sensitivity of the decision-maker. Thirdly, we study decision theory through two key concepts of operation research: (1) game theory and (2) multi-criteria decision making. We provide an analogy between the gauge functions of convex sets and the membership functions arising in fuzzy set theory. Coupling a suitable notion of -convexity with the C-Shape function, we introduce a class of games for which the players can be optimistic, pessimistic or neutral. In addition the existence of Nash equilibrium is proved for such a class of games. Finally, concerning multi-criteria decision analysis, we use the C-Shape functions to characterize a new type of criteria called C-Shape pseudo-criterion, which makes possible to consider the alternatives as substitutable. This should be of interest to take into account, for example, the institutional context in which decision-making is taken
Ben, Kahla Touil Imen. "Gestion des risques et aide à la décision dans la chaîne logistique hospitalière : cas des blocs opératoires du CHU Sahloul." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0010/document.
Full textThe hospital systems are a place of health care distinguished by the variety of activities and situations with which they are confronted. This creates interactions leading into unexpected situations related to several risks.The risk management appears as an important concern for the decisions makers. More particularly, the risk management in the operating theatres has a major importance given that they are about a highly strategic in relation to the many activities they include and the costs they generate. The zero risk does not exist. Never theless, it can be reduced.This research aims to control risk management in operating rooms. This research gets in collaboration between l’Ecole Centrale de Lille and the University Hospital (UH) of Sousse Sahloul, field of study chosen to implement the proposed approach. Since non system of risk management has been implemented in this establishment, this work is significant and original for the UH Sahloul.Our approach is made up of several steps. First, following a comparison between the existing methods of risk management, we chose to adapt the method of risk management FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis) in operating rooms of UH Sahloul, Sousse. We propose a decision support system for risk management based on multi-agent approach in order to guide contributors in the operating rooms making the best decisions to minimize risks which occur in UH Sahloul. Finally, a simulation based on the proposed approach is implemented in the UH Sahloul
Ben, kahla Touil Imen. "Gestion des risques et aide à la décision dans la chaîne logistique hospitalière : cas des blocs opératoires du CHU Sahloul." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714925.
Full textBen, Souissi Souhir. "Vers une nouvelle génération d'outils d'aide à la décision s'appliquant à la prévention des risques lors de la prescription des antibiotiques : combinaison des technologies Web sémantique et de l'aide multicritère à la décision." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0027/document.
Full textMotivated by the well documented worldwide spread of adverse drug events that are associated to antibiotics usage, as well as the increased danger of antibiotic resistance (caused mainly by inappropriate prescribing and overuse), we propose a general architecture for recommendation systems adapted for this kind of context and we develop a specific system for antibiotic prescription (PARS). The type of context that our architecture covers is characterised by highly risky decisions or decisions with high stakes. Such a system cannot be based on machine learning, since there are no available training data sets or case bases. However, rules of good practice and expert knowledge are available, therefore our system should be able to model and implement them. The proposed solution is intended to be used by a decision maker who must adapt his/her decision both to each subject’s specific needs and characteristics, as well as to different types of evolution. Our approach is based on the combination of semantic technologies with MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Aids). The decision support process involves two steps. First, by taking into account the specific application domain, the approach evaluates the relevance of each alternative (action) in order to satisfy the needs of a given subject. The first level of the decision support model aims to select all the alternatives that have the potential to fulfill the subject’s needs. Subsequently, the second level consists of evaluating and sorting the selected alternatives in categories according to their adequacy to the characteristics of the subject. We propose an approach that exploits the knowledge schemes of semantic web technologies (ontologies) and that structures the recommendation rules into a suitable sorting method: the MR-Sort with Veto. By doing so, our solution is able to link and match heterogeneous knowledge sources expressed by experts. In collaboration with the EpiCURA Hospital Center, we have applied this approach in the medical domain and more specifically in the prescription of antibiotics. The system’s recommendations were compared with those expressed in the guidelines currently in use at EpiCURA. The results showed us that PARS allows for a better consideration of the sensitivity of the patients to the adverse effects of antibiotics. Moreover, by taking into account the additional characteristics of the patients, the model is able to adapt to contextual changes (such as new antibiotics, side effects and development of resistant micro-organisms)
Agrebi, Maroi. "Méthodes d'aide à la décision multi-attribut et multi-acteur pour résoudre le problème de sélection dans un environnement certain/incertain : cas de la localisation des centres de distribution." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0013/document.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis is part of the works’ continuity on multi-criteria group (decision-makers) decision-making, particularly in the field of the distribution centers’ location selection. Under certain environment, although the decision to select the location of the distribution centers has given rise in several research works, it has never been the object, to our knowledge, of a decision taken by several decision makers. In this regard, the first objective of this thesis is to develop a multi-attribute and multi-actor decision-making method (MAADM) to resolve the posed problem. For this purpose, we have adapted and extended the ELECTRE I method. Under uncertain environment, In view of the inherent uncertainty and inaccuracy of human decision-making, the future behavior of the market and companies, the second objective of this thesis is to propose a fuzzy multi-attribute and multi-actor decision-making method (FMAADM) to treat the problem in question. To this end, we have coupled the MAADM method with the fuzzy set theory. To validate the two contributions, we designed a decision support system (S-DSS) to implement the MAADM method and the FMAADM method. Based on the S-DSS, two experimental studies were conducted. We also applied a sensitivity analysis to verify the sensitivity of the solution retained vis-a-vis to weights’ variations of evaluation criteria. The obtained results prove that the MAADM method and the FMAADM method meet the desired objective and thus retained for the selection of the best location under certain/uncertain context of multi-attribute and multi-actor
Elmhadhbi, Linda. "Ontology-driven services for interoperable multi-stakeholders operational disaster response." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0022.
Full textDisaster response is a highly collaborative and critical process that requires the involvement of multiple emergency responders (ERs) ideally working together under a unified command to enable a rapid and effective operational response. It is a challenging task mainly because of the heterogeneity of the involved stakeholders and the critical nature of such event. Various ERs from different organizations must work together toward a successful resolution of the disaster. According to ERs reports and feedbacks, it is apparent that inadequate communication and a lack of information sharing among the ERs engaged on-site can adversely affect disaster response efforts. Within this context, we propose POLARISC, an interoperable inter-services software solution for reliable and timely information sharing for the operational management of large-scale disasters. The focus is on offering to all ERs a real-time operation picture of the situation in order to ensure effective collaboration and coordination among stakeholders. Accordingly, the first objective of this work is to capture the semantics of ERs knowledge. To do so, we propose an ontology that defines the knowledge of French emergency response doctrine, providing a shared vocabulary that covers a variety of interoperability concerns including data, services, processes, and business of each stakeholder. Because the diversity of ERs’ vocabularies was bound, naturally, to complicate the design of the ontology, we adopted the principle of modularization. The idea is to develop separate ontological modules, one for each stakeholder. Furthermore, we used the upper-level ontology Basic Formal Ontology, as well as the suite of Common Core Ontologies, which serve as a suite of mid-level ontologies for our ontology modules. The use of upper-level ontologies facilitates the alignment among the different ontological modules and promotes data interoperability. Once the modular ontology POLARISCO is developed, we defined the mapping between the different modules. One strong point of the adopted ontological approach is that POLARISCO is tested by means of real data and validated by stakeholders and emergency experts. The second objective is to exploit the proposed ontology in order to guarantee a shared and semantically unambiguous information exchange across ERs. To do so, we propose an ontologybased messaging service, namely PROMES, performing the semantic translation of the information to be exchanged. Each stakeholder will receive the message according to his own vocabulary and with his own semantics. The semantic transformation of the message is based on the mapping that exists among stakeholders modules as defined in POLARISCO. PROMES is based on two algorithms; a textual transformation algorithm and then a semantic transformation algorithm. Using PROMES, it becomes possible for two ERs from different organizations to communicate meaningfully and with less ambiguity. To evaluate the proposed approach, POLARISCO is instantiated using real data of the 11/13 Paris terrorist attacks. The third and final objective is to propose a multi-criteria decision support service that supports ERs during victims’ evacuation. The aim is to find the most appropriate healthcare institution according to the victims’ states. The selection of the hospital depends, on the transport time, and on the availability of the needed resources including materials and staff. To do so, we propose, first, an ontological module that associates to each pathology the needed resources. Then, we propose an algorithm to check the availability of those resources, calculate the waiting time to receive medical care in each hospital, and then select the most appropriate hospital
Martelloni, Paul-Henri. "Modélisation et Simulation des systèmes complexes spatialisés. Utilisation de Systèmes Multi-Agents et Multi-composant pour la gestion des pêcheries." Thesis, Corte, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CORT0016.
Full textThe computer science research team at our university works in modelling and simulation to studycomplex natural systems in a holistic way.In this work, we have set ourselves the goal of using computer simulation as a virtual laboratory todesign a decision support tool in a multidisciplinary context.The focus of our work is to propose a generic executable model to allow decision support and to useit towards the modelling of a fishery system. We propose to apply our work to the management offish stocks in Corsica.This led us to the following approach: the first step is the representation of the complex system.For this we have looked for a paradigm to represent components within a hierarchical structurecapable of interactions and autonomous decision making.The agent paradigm lends itself very well to the representation of complex bio-economic systems.Then, the question of the robustness of the approach arose. For this purpose, we used the theory ofmodeling and simulation (TM\&S) proposed by B.P. Zeigler. In our case, the PDEVS formalism canbe considered as a unifying and pivotal formalism. It allows the inclusion of other concepts, we speakof multi-modeling.We complement it with the agent paradigm in order to benefit from itsexpressiveness and its ability to describe entities (the agents) simply, their mutual interactions, andthe environment in which they evolve. Finally, in order to respect a formal framework, essential to thepreliminary work of conceptualization, we use the DPDEMAS formalization proposed by R.Franceschini and already developed in our team. This formalization offers in its original form aninteresting analogy between a Multi-Agent System (MAS) and the PDEVS and DSDE models(dynamic version of PDEVS). We find a description of the agent from a body which models itsphysical representation in an environment, as well as from a mind which is the place of decisionmaking.This led us to consider the problem of decision making. The central issue was therefore to proposean executable model that is sufficiently generic to allow decision support and to use it in the case ofmodeling a fishery. To do so, we propose an approach that provides agents with bricks inspired bySoar. An optimization brick allowing to refine the agents' decisions. A reinforcement learning brickallowing agents to develop their knowledge in a given situation.We complete this description with a first didactic example before applying our approach to twoexamples of modeling a fishery system based on 50 years of data.The first example is a 5-component model to simulate scenarios with quotas.The second example is a 6-component model to simulate scenarios with quotas, and additionallytaking into account space and migrations between areas. Nevertheless, these two models only aimat validating our approach. Indeed, if thanks to these two examples, we obtain coherent resultsallowing us to validate their behaviour, these models are purely theoretical and do not represent thereality of the system sufficiently well to be used to assist in the management of fishery resources.The perspectives that we envisage in the future are on the one hand the integration of new learningand decision methods, to develop a fishery model more representative of the reality or to use ourapproach to treat other case studies
Ferrand, Nils. "Modèles Multi-Agents pour l'Aide à la Décision et la Négociation en Aménagement du Territoire." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003562.
Full textDernis, Mathieu. "Modélisation et estimation des valeurs apportées au pays hôte pour aider à la décision dans l’élaboration des stratégies In-Country-Value." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC030/document.
Full textOur research focus on the problem of choosing among value-creation strategies in the context of Oil and Gas development project. The objective is to offer tools to a decision maker to improve his understanding of the problem and to aid to decision. The thesis is structured around a decision-making process adapted to the Oil and Gas context and three research questions: 1. How to model the sustainable values brought by complex projects in a hostcountry? 2. How to furnish to a company a method to estimate local values brought, taking into account indirect and induced effects? 3. How to aid to select among strategies that impact multiple systems? To answer, we took into account the specificities of local content in the Oil and Gas. We brought metholodologies from industrial engineering and multicriteria decision aid. We propose a modeling of the value-added brought to a host country. This allows us to introduce an estimation methodology for the impacts of a strategy. Finally, we suggest a procedure for making recommendations to a decision maker
Othmani, Imed. "Optimisation multicritère : fondements et concepts." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004900.
Full textKontarinis, Dionysios. "Debate in a multi-agent system : multiparty argumentation protocols." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S025/document.
Full textIn this thesis multi-agent argumentation debates are studied. Our work is motivated by the issues which are raised when a large number of users interact and debate on the Web, by exchanging arguments on various topics. These issues are raised on the levels of representing the debating users' knowledge, representing the debate, computing the debate's conclusions, evaluating the debate's quality, defining specific protocols for user interaction, and studying debate strategies which users employ in order to achieve particular goals. This thesis' contribution consists in: a) proposing a way to model a multi-agent argumentation debate where the participants have different types of expertise, and proposing a way to aggregate their opinions; b) offering support to the agent who is arbitrating a debate, proposing a way to evaluate the quality of a debate on the basis of how confident we can be on its conclusions, and proposing solutions for improving the quality of a debate which lacks definite conclusions; c) offering support to the debating agents in order to determine which arguments they should put forward, studying dynamic argumentation systems, studying the potential ways in which an agent can influence a dynamic argumentation system in order to achieve his goal, studying the minimal change allowing an agent to achieve his goal, studying several argumentation strategies based on minimal change; d) defining, studying and evaluating multi-agent argumentation protocols, defining protocols of different types (1) based on numerical argument evaluation and (2) based on argument extensions, using different techniques to ensure a debate's coherence while ensuring some liberty of expression to the agents, and finally performing an important number of experiments (on debates) in order to test various strategies and evaluate them with respect to specific criteria
Ouzrout, Yacine. "Architectures collaboratives pour l'aide à la décision dans les entreprises en réseau." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793994.
Full textBellaaj, Salma. "Adaptation aux risques liés aux stratégies d'externalisation : cas des entreprises industrielles tunisiennes." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638208.
Full textMorvan, Gildas. "Approche multi-agents d'un système d'aide à la décision en environnement dynamique et incertain. Application à l'entomologie médico-légale." Thesis, Artois, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ARTO0204/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with modelling and decision support issues in the context of complex systems. Specifically, we investigate the coupling of agent-based simulations and inverse problem resolution methods. Thus, a generic architecture of decision support system is proposed. We identify two problems related to the implementation of this architecture: the validation of simulation parameters and the observation of agent-based simulations. We offer some answers to solve them. The notion of inverse problem is redefined in the context of decision support in a multi-model framework. Therefore, a resolution method and heuristics, based on ideas from works on abductive reasoning, are proposed. This work is then applied to the conception of a decision support system dedicated to forensic entomology. This research area, midway between forensic sciences and entomology, aims to develop post-mortem estimation methods based on entomological indices, i.e., insects (mainly necrophagous diptera) or insect remains, sampled on or around the cadaver. In the context of this work, done in collaboration with forensic entomology laboratory of the Legal Medicine Institute of Lille, we present: • an agent-based model of necrophagous diptera in a complex environment such as a dead body in a specific ecosystem, taking into account more parameters than conventional methods, • an implementation of the decision support system architecture mentioned above, based on this model
Dujardin, Yann. "Régulation adaptative multi-objectif et multi-mode aux carrefours à feux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904781.
Full textBouchery, Yann. "Supply Chain optimization with sustainability criteria : A focus on inventory models." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784197.
Full textKhaled, Oumaima. "Une méthodologie générique de réparation multicritère pour l'optimisation sous incertitude : Application aux problèmes de planification et d'affectation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC047.
Full textA wide variety of operations management problems can be formulated and solved as discrete optimization problems. Traditionally, these models have been mostly developed and used under the assumption that the input data are known in advance, not subject to unexpected changes, nor impacted by uncertainty. In recent years, the need for improved models providing efficient tools for quickly and optimally reacting to the occurrence of unexpected events (disruptions) has become a more and more important issue. In the execution phase, various unanticipated events will disrupt the system and make the plan deviate from its intended course and even make it infeasible.Uncertainty can be taken into account in a proactive way with stochastic optimization or robust optimization models. However, even with robust solutions, unexpected events can still occur requiring to reconsider the robust plan under execution. In this thesis, we are interested to cope with uncertainty in a reactive way. We propose a new generic methodology for repair/recovery optimization problems. When considering repair/recovery solutions for the initial plan under implementation, the decision-maker may want to minimize operating costs, but also limit the changes with respect to the initial plan. We formulate the repair/recovery problem as a multiobjective optimization problem minimizing specified functions for various repair criteria
Bou, saleh Bilal. "Approche Intelligence Artificielle Distribuée pour une planification réactive et une aide à la conduite du processus de blocs opératoires hospitaliers." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA028.
Full textThe operating theater is one of the most important sector of a hospital. Optimizing its process is a priority for hospital managers. The abundant literature on the subject is unanimous on the fact that planning and sequencing interventions, satisfying a great multitude of requirements and constraints makes the construction of the operational program a very complex task. In addition, the construction of the program is far from enough, it is imperative to maintain automatic in "Near Real Time" the schedule according to the events appearing during the downstream phase of realization.The objective of this thesis is to provide a methodology for the management of the operating room process, integrating on the one hand a decision support to optimize the predictive planning and on the other hand to allow a dynamic replanning to guarantee a reactivity of the process of this medical sector.Our study began with a state of the art on the issues of operating theater management and proposed solutions, with an initial goal: to target the improvement approach to engage. We have noticed that the complexity and the heaviness of the existing models often based on the operational research and especially the combinatorial explosion of the constraints makes it impossible to find the optimum for realistic sizes of instances. This led us to decide that our study would break with the traditional strategy of continuous improvement. We favored an IAD approach aimed at finding solutions according to a programmed logic rather than the calculated resolutions of traditional approaches. Subsequently, we modeled the actors in the surgical intervention planning process using a multi-agent system.The proposed approach provides the most appropriate predictive planning of the operating theater activity. Each surgical procedure is planned individually considering the rules, all the constraints but also the surgeons' preferences. The same model allows in the downstream phase with a decision aid, the assignment of a surgical intervention facing an emergency situation. For a better performance coupled with an increased reactivity, we have also approached, with this model, the problem of dynamic adjustment of the schedules to balance the load in hours of surgery between the operating rooms.In the proposed methodology, decision support is based on the use of knowledge and the rules of know-how and their capitalization according to the principles of an expert system. In addition, we have proposed a set of automatic calculated performance and responsiveness indicators that are likely to be implemented in a future validation tool and that can be used as feedback to optimize the decision support process.Collaboration with a CHU in Lebanon provided data on scenarios of weekly surgeries. The results of some simulations highlight the convenience of the IAD approach in solving the problem
Khannoussi, Arwa. "Intégration des préférences d'un opérateur dans les décisions d'un drone autonome et élicitation incrémentale de ces préférences." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0080.
Full textA fully autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. It is consequently able to accomplish a mission without the intervention of a human operator and to make decisions in a totally autonomous way. This implies that the ground operator must have a high level of confidence in the decisions made by the UAV.The main objective of this thesis is therefore to propose a decision engine to be embedded in the autonomous UAV that guarantees a high level of operator confidence in the UAV's ability to make the "right" decisions. For this purpose, we propose a multi-level decision engine composed of two main decision levels. The first one monitors the state of the UAV and its environment to detect events that can disrupt the mission’s execution and trigger the second level. Once triggered, it allows to choose a highlevel action (landing, continuing,...) best adapted to the current situation from a set of possible actions. This engine also integrates the operator's preferences by using Multi-Criteria Decision Aiding models. They require a preliminary phase before the mission, where the operator's preferences are elicited, before being integrated into the UAV. To reduce the operator's effort during this phase, we propose an incremental elicitation process during which the questions submitted to the operator are deduced from the previous answers. This allows us to determine a model that accurately represents his or her preferences, while minimizing the number of questions
Maurel-Entzmann, Françoise. "Capitalisation d'un savoir-faire industriel pour la réalisation d'un système d'aide à la décision à base de multi-agents : application dans une chaîne agro-alimentaire d'une malterie : projet C.O.R.M.O.R.A.N." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10205.
Full textThe malting process is difficult to modelize because ofthe insufficient understanding of the interactions between the various process parameters. The purpose of the thesis is the achievement of quality and process control through a modelization of the know-how. The first part was dedicated to the choice of a knowledge-base tool in the different techniques of knowledge modelization. The implementation of this tool has allowed to formalize the expertise in the form of actions recommendations. For this purpose, several modelization techniques have been used, and they are described in this paper. The result of the know-how modelization in the malting process is a series of action recommendations which are later on validated through the industrial production data. This phase of validation is supported by the learning ability of the neuroagent. Moreover, the analysis of this validation, enrichies the expertise. These three modes constitute the basic elements of the global system of assistance to the decision making C. O. R. M. O. R. A. N. This system is presently operationnel and in use on one of the production sites
Denat, Tom. "Creation of a Biodiversity Severity Index to evaluate the risks of accidental pollutions in the industry : a multi-criteria sorting approach." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED013/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on two main axes. The first one deals with the creation of an indicator that aims at evaluating the expected severity of the consequences of a scenario of accidental pollution. In order to create this methodology ofevaluation, I chose to use methodological tools from multi-criteria decision aiding. So as to deal with the complexity of this problem, i decided to split it into several sub-problems using a hierarchy of criteria, being mainly inspired by the "value focused thinking approach". In this work, I interacted with several experts in toxicology and in ecology in order to betterdeal with every aspect of this problem.While studying several elicitation methods for the multi-criteria sorting problem, I proposed a new one that I named Dominance Based Monte Carlo algorithm (DBMC), which brings me to the secons axis of this thesis. This elicitation algorithm has two main specificities: being model free and a stochastic functionning. In this thesis, we study its theoretical properties. In particular, we prove that despite its stochastic nature, the result of the Dominance Based Monte Carlo algorithm converges almost surely. We also study its practical performances through a test named k-fold validation and we compared these performances to those of other elicitation algorithms for the sorting problem
Hamdani, Fatima Ezzahra. "Une approche d'aide à la décision de la prise en charge des personnes âgées." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES059.
Full textIn France, elderly care is primarily intended for people aged 65 and over. It consists of hospital care (intra-hospital), and elder home care (extra-hospital) for patient in the territory closest to his / her own home. It organizes through the interweaving of several devices involving various actors (Ishii, 2013). The concept of Elder Home Care summarizes all practices implemented to support elderly people to continue living independently, despite their disabilities and aging. It constitutes an efficient alternative to reduce the pressure in hospital admissions (Crowley et al., 2016), and give the opportunity to improve elderly care continuity after their discharges from hospitals (Xiao et al. 2018). However, elder hospital care refers to the medical care, diagnostic testing, intensive treatment, or surgeries provided to the patient throughout the hospitalization process. The multiplicity of stakeholders, combined with the dynamic, unstructured information spread over a large amount of information systems, result in a new situation in which decision support systems become essential when making daily operational and collective decisions. Firstly, this paper introduces a decision support Framework that enables home care organizations to deploy their available resources more effectively with a multi-agent system paradigm. The addressed operational collective decision problem concerns the assignment and coordination of home caregivers from different organizations. Secondly, a decision support methodology for intra-hospital care based on quantitative techniques, and statistical method, is proposed. This methodology, allows the evaluation of elderly care pathways behavior
Jacob, Frederique. "la ville méditerranéenne : approche spatiale d'une aire géographique multiculturelle de proximité à travers un concept producteur d'espace : la propreté." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371494.
Full textKaddoussi, Aida. "Optimisation des flux logistiques : vers une gestion avancée de la situation de crise." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801728.
Full textRivallain, Mathieu. "Étude de l'aide à la décision par optimisation multicritère des programmes de réhabilitation énergétique séquentielle des bâtiments existants." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00861172.
Full textGutierrez, Bernard. "AIDE À LA CONDUITE DES PROCESSUS SOCIO-TECHNIQUES DANS LES ACTIVITÉS DE SERVICE À LA DEMANDE : LE CAS DE LA MAINTENANCE APRÈS-VENTE AUTOMOBILE." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131185.
Full textNous présentons une approche à deux niveaux pour la planification des demandes. Le premier niveau permet de vérifier de manière agrégée et en coopération avec le client la faisabilité des prestations ; une fois la demande acceptée, le deuxième niveau aide à affecter les acteurs en recherchant la meilleure adéquation entre les activités à planifier et les qualifications requises, chaque acteur pouvant présenter un profil multi-compétences dans le cadre de sa spécialité.
Notre objectif est de fournir aux responsables un outil d'aide à la décision pour mieux utiliser les compétences des techniciens en fonction des interventions et de mieux planifier ces interventions vis à vis de la demande du client en termes de délai et qualité. Pour cela nous caractérisons l'adéquation activités/acteurs par profils modélisés par un ensemble de compétences disjonctives. Nous validons, pour la détermination des rendez-vous de façon coopérative et en temps réel avec le client, une fenêtre d'intervention qui soit fiable et cohérente compte tenu de la capacité de l'atelier et du planning existant. Nous abordons ce problème comme celui de l'insertion d'un ensemble de tâches non préemptives dans un ordonnancement flexible (modèle en temps continu avec dates limites et contraintes énergétiques), la polyvalence des opérateurs étant modélisée sous la forme de pôles de ressources cumulatives non disjoints.
Boussard, Matthieu. "Planification multi-agents multi-objectifs : modèle et algorithme." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2065.
Full textThis thesis deals with the coordination of a group of autonomous agents in the real world. So, we have to take into account uncertainty about action's outcome, about other agent's behavior and also the changes in the environment. We are using Markov decision processes (MDP), whose allow to manage those uncertainties in a decision process. In order to manage the interactions with the other agents, we give a formalism to express them, and also we give a solution to integrate them in a on-line decision process. This is an extension of the Markov Decision Processes where the agent are trying to optimize their own reward as well as the welfare of the group. This is a mutlicriteria decision problem, and we give it a solution. Once this formalism built, we tackle some classical coordination problems : platooning, spatial coverage, coalitions formation. Those applications allow us to apply with success the principle given at the beginning of the thesis. The extensions of this work will be dealing with on-line learning, and also game theory in order to detect and to solve deadlocks
Pluchinotta, Irene. "Multi-Agent Modelling for Distributed Intelligent Decision in Water Management." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090006.
Full textWater resource management can be a complex, uncertain and conflictual domain. It faces numerous problems in many regions of the world, such as the disparity of interests associated with the water resource, multiple decision makers, complex networks of administration, inoperative water distribution, various socio-political events and climate change. Consequently, environmental decision-making takes place in a highly interconnected system, in which neither the decisional ramifications nor the complexity of its impacts can be neglected. In the Apulia Region, water scarcity is the main rising problem and is affecting human and more-than-human communities.Water scarcity generates the need to enhance collaborative multi-agent decision-making processes. Researchers suggest that the “tragedy of commons” could be avoided when a shared resource is at stake, provided that communities interact and operate in a collective way and avoid, for example, the market rules constraints. This requires the development of dynamic decision-aiding tools. They should be capable to integrate the different problem frames held by the decision makers, to clarify the differences among those frames, to support the creation of a collaborative problem structuring process and to provide shared platforms and interaction spaces.In this regard, we built a dynamic interaction space (DIS), highlighting the operative criticalities and allowing the analysts to identify a shared problem definition. The emerging issues of gathering and exchanging knowledge and representing structured concepts can be solved through a combined approach. Multi-agent systems joined with system dynamics can provide unconventional alternatives that use physical and social components, with a particular focus on individual and collective behaviours in resource management with multiple decision makers.In our case study, the model was used as a platform for modelling multi-agent organizations, in order to support collective decision-making in water management. The model is capable of representing a distributed complex water management system, where simulated behaviours are based on field observations and on the participation of stakeholders. What is more, the multi–agent system approach enables the interaction and allows to formalize theIrene Pluchinotta – “Multi-Agent Modelling For Distributed Intelligent Decision In Water Management”iibehaviours of water users in the management process. A system dynamics modelling in an environment of interacting decision agents, allows us to explicitly consider the different frames and to simulate interactions when adopting a new policy. The model can showcase how the limited understanding of the interaction space affects the actions followed by each decision-makers and, finally, how it could lead to policy resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, the result is the richest possible picture of the existing problem situation that deals with irrigation water management in agricultural systems
Bidoux, Loïc. "Planification avec préférences basée sur la Théorie de l'Utilité Multi-Attribut couplée à une intégrale de Choquet : application à l'interopérabilité des organisations en gestion de crise." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0005/document.
Full textThis study aims to solve preference-based planning problems. The originality of this work is to represent preferences using a formalism from multicriteria decision analysis namely a MAUT model (acronym for Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) along with a Choquet integral. This formalism generalizes the notion of preference used in PDDL (the Planning Domain Definition Language). Indeed, the proposed PDDL3/MAUT extension improves the PDDL expressiveness by allowing to use any number of numeric preferences, aggregating preferences and considering interactions between preferences. As a consequence, it can represent more accurately the intrinsic complexity of decision-makers preferences. Furthermore, an algorithm for preference-based planning has been designed. It has been used to implement a planner named ChoPlan whose performances have been compared to state of the art planners. In addition, this work adresses the problem of organization’s interoperability in crisis management. Indeed, a decision aid system supporting decision-makers during the design of collaborative plans is presented. It helps stakeholders to model the situation to solve, the responders’ capabilities as well as objectives, constraints and preferences of the decision-makers. These models are then processed to generate a preference-based planning problem that is solved using the ChoPlan planner
Bani-Mustafa, Tasneem. "Multi-Hazards Risk Aggregation Considering the Trustworthiness of the Risk Assessment." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC096.
Full textThis PhD thesis addresses the problem of Multi-Hazards Risk Aggregation (MHRA), which aims at aggregating the risk estimates from Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) models for the different contributors. The current practice of MHRA is based on a simple arithmetic summation of the risk estimates. However, the risk estimates are obtained from PRA models that have different degrees of trustworthiness, because of the different background knowledge they are based on. Ignoring this difference in MHRA could lead to misleading results for Decision-Making (DM). In this thesis, a structured framework is proposed to assess the level of trustworthiness, which risk assessment results are based on and to integrate it in the process of MHRA. The original scientific contributions are: (i) Factors contributing to the trustworthiness of risk assessment outcomes are identified and their criticalities are analyzed under different frameworks, to understand their influence on the risk results; (ii) An integrated hierarchical framework is developed for assessing the trustworthiness of risk analysis, based on the identified factors and related attributes; (iii) A reduced order model-based method is proposed to efficiently evaluate the trustworthiness of risk assessment in practice. Through the reduced-order model, the proposed method can limit the number of elements considered in the original risk assessment; (iv) A technique that combines Dempster Shafer Theory and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (namely, DSTAHP) is applied to the developed framework to assess the trustworthiness by a weighted average of the attributes in the framework: the AHP method is used to derive the weights of the attributes and the DST is used to account for the subjective uncertainty in the experts’ judgments for the evaluation of the weights; (v) A MHRA technique is developed based on Bayesian model averaging, to overcome the limitations of the current practice of risk aggregation that neglects the trustworthiness of the risk assessment of individual hazard groups; (vi) The developed framework is applied to real case studies from the Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) industry
Bui, To Uyen. "L'intégration du développement durable dans les projets de quartier : le cas de la ville d'Hanoï." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845569.
Full textFetoui, Mondher. "Évaluer et suivre la désertification en zones arides tunisiennes pour accompagner l'aide à la décision : dynamiques interactives "Climat-Homme-Espace-Ressources naturelles" via les paysages." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30007/document.
Full textThe difficulty in understanding desertification in the Tunisian arid zones manifested in the complex interactions between socioeconomic and biophysical dynamics at different spatial and temporal scales. This work contribute on advanced understanding of the causes and processes and propose a systemic (climate-human-space-resource: CHER), geographical (landscape) and multi-actors approaches associated with methods (models and tools) reproducible for the assessment and monitoring (indicators) of risk of desertification, according to its interactive determinants on a territory scale. The landscape, as a source of information and the tool, is at the core of this work which led to i) the construction of explanatory models broken down by type of landscape (based on multidisciplinary characterization of landscapes), ii) the development of indexes of desertification risk (based on spatial integration of biophysical and socio-economic functioning through modeling), iii) the understanding and comparison of risks and their respective causes in the landscape types, and iv) the proposal of three new approaches / methods / tools to better assess the actions already implemented to combat desertification, to better target future actions and to better monitor desertification. The results have all been developed in interdisciplinarity and involve the mobilization of actors / decision makers in the sustainable management of territories to increase their usefulness in programs to combat desertification, to value environmental observatories and give them a role to support public policies
Tena-Chollet, Florian. "Elaboration d'un environnement semi-virtuel de formation à la gestion stratégique de crise, basé sur la simulation multi-agents." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741941.
Full textGhnemat, Rawan. "Modélisation adaptative pour l'émergence spatiale dans les systèmes complexes." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429162.
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