Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aide à la décision clinique'
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Issa, Najah. "Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999259.
Full textKushlaf, Najah. "Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0010/document.
Full textThe research realized in this thesis proposes a decision support to improve the quality of learning. The learning includes two dimensions; human dimension and pedagogic one. The human dimension includes the learner and the teacher. The pedagogic dimension represented in curriculum set by the educational establishment; it is the know. The learner is going to transform the know into knowledge. Thus the know and the knowledge are two notions completely different. The distance between both is the distance between what the teacher presents (the know) and what the learner acquires (the knowledge). The quality of the learning concerns the learners who go to the school to acquire the know. In fact, learning consists in interiorizing the know. This internalization requires the efforts for persistent intellectual change and demands continuity based on past experiences. The acquisition of knowledge and its transformation into knowledge by the learner is influenced by several factors that affect positively or negatively on the quantity and quality of this knowledge. The confusion between the know and the knowledge guide the learner to value or to ignore his knowledge. The knowledge construction process by the diffused know requires an constant evaluation process. The process of evaluation then appreciates the structure of knowledge to make decisions intended to make it evolve. However, during an evaluation, the confusion between knowledge and knowledge can bring learner to value the score so neglecting the importance which he must give for the transformation knowledge process in favor of the highest possible fidelity of knowledge. This confusion can be detected provided that the evaluation includes a processual dimension. Therefore, the evaluation may be better associated with improvement actions and transformation of knowledge. Then the evaluation can be addressed in a logical decision support. Therefore In this research we demonstrate that the learning situation is a decision aiding situation
Galopin, Alexandre. "Modélisation ontologique des recommandations de pratique clinique pour une aide à la décision à niveaux d'abstraction variables." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066202/document.
Full textClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are elaborated according to evidence-based medicine principles in order to improve healthcare quality. However, even when they are integrated into clinical decision support systems, recommendations are poorly implemented by physicians. Indeed, CPGs are often criticized for their lack of flexibility, and their inability to handle the singularity of patients encountered in clinical practice. In particular, CPGs are usually elaborated for a single pathology whereas patients usually suffer from multiple pathologies and comorbidities. We have proposed a method based on an ontological reasoning to enable the reconciliation of single-pathology CPGs to support the flexible management of patients with multiple pathologies. Knowledge bases are made of decision rules that formalize the content of single-pathology CPGs. Patient criteria are organized by a domain ontology, which allows the generation of a generalization-ordered graph of clinical patient profiles. The ontological reasoning allows to reason at different levels of abstraction to process clinical cases described with different levels of completeness. This method has been implemented in a decision support system called GO-DSS, and applied to the management of patients suffering from both arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes, on the basis of CPGs produced by the VIDAL company (VIDAL Recos). The prototype and its user interfaces have been qualitatively evaluated by a sample of users including both computer scientists with medical knowledge and physicians with computer skills
Renaud, Bertrand. "Aide à la décision médicale par les règles de prédiction clinique au service d'urgence : l'exemple de la pneumopathie aigue communautaire." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066543.
Full textThe explonentially increasing amount of medical knowledge compromises its transfer to medical practice and results in suboptimal quality of care. This is of particular interest with regard to emergency medicine. Indeed, in few other domains of medicine is there such variety, novelty, distraction, and chaos, all juxtaposed to a need for expeditious and judicious thinking and in no other area of medicine, is decision density as high. Therefore, emergency medicine is particularly exposed to reveal the cognitive limits of medical decision making. Indeed, medical decision mainly depends on emergency physicians ability to predict patients’ outcome based on data available at presentation. Clinical prediction rules are the best evidence for guiding medical decision. The following text reports several studies conducted by the emergency department team of H Mondor university related hospital about the usefulness of a clinical prediction rule for guiding medical decision making process of patients presenting with a community acquired pneumonia (CAP). First, the European validation of the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) that has been intially developped in North America is reported. The second study reports the impact of routine use of the PSI in French emergency departments. Then, we report an evaluation of professional practices consisting in the implemention of a comprehensive strategy that included PSI assessment via the emergency department computerized medical file. Finally, the last two reports present on the one hand the development of a new clinical prediction rule for the severe CAP (REA-ICU: Risk of Early Admission to Intensive Care Unit) and on the other hand a demonstration by recurrence of the actual usefulness of this new rule that could be able to signicantly modify medical practices
Bouguerra, Afef. "Optimisation et aide à la décision pour la programmation des opérations électives et urgentes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0171.
Full textThe operating theater is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources. Indeed, a high percentage of hospital admissions are due to surgical interventions. Rising expenditures spur health care organizations to organize their processes more efficiently and effectively. This thesis is supported by the urban community of Sarreguemines-France and the region of Lorraine-France, and is carried out in collaboration with the Centre Hospitalier de Sarreguemines - Hôpital Robert Pax. In the first part of this work, we propose two mathematical programming models to help operating theater managers in developing an optimal operating rooms scheduling. We also propose a constructive heuristic to obtain near optimal results for realistic sizes of the problem. In the second part of our work, the whole scheduling process is modeled as a hybrid four-stage flow shop problem with RSb blocking constraint, and is solved by a genetic algorithm. The objective is to synchronize all the needed resources around the optimal daily schedule obtained with the proposed mathematical model. The last part of our work is dedicated to non-elective surgeries. We propose a decision support tool, guiding the operating room manager, to handle this unpredictable flow of patients. Non-elective patients are classified according to their medical priority. The main contribution of the proposed decision support tool is to provide online assignment strategies to treat each non elective patient category. Proposed assignments are riskless on patient’s health. According to non-elective surgery classes, the proposed adjusted schedule minimizes different criteria such as patient’s waiting time, deviation from the firstly scheduled starting time of a surgery and the amount of resulting overtime
Bouguerra, Afef. "Optimisation et aide à la décision pour la programmation des opérations électives et urgentes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0171/document.
Full textThe operating theater is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources. Indeed, a high percentage of hospital admissions are due to surgical interventions. Rising expenditures spur health care organizations to organize their processes more efficiently and effectively. This thesis is supported by the urban community of Sarreguemines-France and the region of Lorraine-France, and is carried out in collaboration with the Centre Hospitalier de Sarreguemines - Hôpital Robert Pax. In the first part of this work, we propose two mathematical programming models to help operating theater managers in developing an optimal operating rooms scheduling. We also propose a constructive heuristic to obtain near optimal results for realistic sizes of the problem. In the second part of our work, the whole scheduling process is modeled as a hybrid four-stage flow shop problem with RSb blocking constraint, and is solved by a genetic algorithm. The objective is to synchronize all the needed resources around the optimal daily schedule obtained with the proposed mathematical model. The last part of our work is dedicated to non-elective surgeries. We propose a decision support tool, guiding the operating room manager, to handle this unpredictable flow of patients. Non-elective patients are classified according to their medical priority. The main contribution of the proposed decision support tool is to provide online assignment strategies to treat each non elective patient category. Proposed assignments are riskless on patient’s health. According to non-elective surgery classes, the proposed adjusted schedule minimizes different criteria such as patient’s waiting time, deviation from the firstly scheduled starting time of a surgery and the amount of resulting overtime
Niès, Julie. "Aides à la décision clinique intégrées au système d'information de l'hôpital européen Georges Pompidou : élaborations, mises en œuvre et évaluations." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066600.
Full textARMAND, Stéphane. "Analyse Quantifiée de la Marche : extraction de connaissances à partir de données pour l'aide à l'interprétation clinique de la marche digitigrade." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010618.
Full textBaudet, Alexandre. "Évaluation de la maîtrise de la consommation d'antibiotiques assistée par ordinateur au CHRU de Nancy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0156.
Full textAntibiotic resistance is a global public health issue that can be tackled by preventing infections and by improving the use of antibiotics. In hospitals, software tools have been developed to assist healthcare professionals in detecting and monitoring patients carrying target micro-organisms and in the proper use of antibiotics. The aim of this research was to evaluate a software suite implemented at the University Hospital of Nancy, comprising an electronic surveillance software (ZINC) for the infection prevention and control (IPC) team and a clinical decision support system (APSS) for the antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) team.To achieve this, the first phase of the project proposed a 24-month research protocol (12 months before and 12 months after the implementation of the software) including a quantitative approach via a quasi-experimental before-after study using interrupted time series, and a qualitative approach to gather users' points of view. The second phase, comprising a retrospective study among patients with healthcare-associated infections acquired in intensive care units, identified areas for improvement that should be made possible by the use of APSS and ZINC. The third phase, comprising two mixed methods studies with semi-structured interviews with the IPC and AMS teams, highlighted the main barriers, facilitators and benefits perceived by APSS and ZINC users. The fourth phase, comprising a time series study including 6 years of audits with 22 months post-installation of ZINC, demonstrated the gradual improvement in the implementation of isolation precaution measures since the IPC team began using ZINC.These first results are encouraging, but need to be completed in order to assess the wider impact of APSS and ZINC, particularly on antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance
Viti, Mario. "Automated prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG084.
Full textThis research project is expected to be financed by a CIFRE scholarship in collaboration between GE Healthcare and CentraleSupelec. We are seeking to predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). These are typically embolism and aneurisms in the aorta and the coronary arteries, that give rise respectively to interrupted blood flow to the heart and so a risk of infarctus, or major hemorrhage. Both are life-threatening. When a patient is brought to hospital for an alert (angina, etc), they will undergo an X-ray CAT scan, which can be more or less invasive. A major objective of this research is to utilize as well as possible the available information in the form of 3D images together with patient history and other data, in order to avoid needless, invasive, irradiating or dangerous exams, while simultaneously guaranteeing optimal care and the best possible clinical outcome. The proposed methodologies include image analysis, image processing, computer vision and medical imaging procedures and methods, that will be developed in partnership between GE Healthcare and the CVN lab of CENTRALE SUPELEC
Hainguerlot, Marine. "Probability distortion in clinical judgment : field study and laboratory experiments." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E034/document.
Full textThis thesis studies probability distortion in clinical judgment to compare physicians’ judgment with statistical models. We considered that physicians form their clinical judgment by integrating an analytical component and an intuitive component. We documented that physicians may suffer from several biases in the way they evaluate and integrate the two components. This dissertation gathers findings from the field and the lab. With actual medical data practice, we found that physicians were not as good as the statistical models at integrating consistently medical evidence. They overestimated small probabilities that the patient had the disease and under estimated large probabilities. We found that their biased probability judgment might cause unnecessary health care treatment. How then can we improve physician judgment? First, we considered to replace physician judgment by the probability generated from our statistical model. To actually improve decision it was necessary to develop a statistical score that combines the analytical model, the intuitive component of the physician and his observed deviation from the expected decision. Second, we tested in the lab factors that may affect information processing. We found that participants’ ability to learn about the value of the analytical component, without external feedback, depends on the quality of their intuitive component and their working memory. We also found that participants’ ability to integrate both components together depends on their working memory but not their evaluation of the intuitive component
Thomopoulos, Rallou. "Aide à la décision dans les filières agroalimentaires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933376.
Full textSerrano, Franck. "Aide multicritère à la décision en matière d'économie d'énergie." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX24008.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop a multicriteria decision aid method to solve town's energy efficiency problems. The second goal is to realize a sensibility analysis to prepare the programming stage
Daly, Rahma. "Quatre essais en microéconométrie de la décision." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE022/document.
Full textThis thesis sheds light on the nature of the interactions between employers and employees within the company, it analyses the decisions of each agent and highlights the role of human resources. It tackles different issues related to the working environment in the firm. It consists of four essays on applied microeconometric. The first chapter investigates the dynamics of the help exchange between employees, particularly the informal help network, which is the unanticipated part of help by the firm. It analyses its determinants and effects on the wages and the productive effort of employees. The results show that providing help increases the level of effort, and receiving it has a positive impact on wages. This highlights the role of reciprocity in the exchange of informal help and suggests the existence of free-riding behaviours. The second chapter focuses on the evaluation of psychosocial risks among employees, and the impact of performance appraisal interviews on them. It aims at clearing up the ambiguous effects of performance appraisal on psychosocial risks. The results show that the level of psychosocial risk decreases when employees undertake performance appraisal interview. This effect is observed on particular dimensions of psychosocial risks, namely social relations, ethics and economic security. Moreover, this result is confirmed when taking into account the point of view of the firm. Chapter Three addresses the issue of financial participation and seeks to determine the role of workers' risk aversion on their decision to engage in a financial participation plan, such as profit sharing or employee stock ownership plan, since profit sharing involves a certain risk for employees. We find that the first factor that intervenes in the decision to subscribe to financial participation plan is the household wealth. Indeed, we find that beyond a certain threshold of wealth, workers' risk aversion does not interfere in the decision to accept financial participation. For individuals whose wealth is at an intermediate level, the attitude towards risk play a role in the decision to accept or not a financial participation plan. The more risk-averse an individual is, the less likely he is to accept financial participation. This would be beneficial to the firm that would hire the least risk averse individuals.Finally, chapter Four considers human resources management practices as a whole and tries to answer the question of whether human resource management practices are driving workers away from unionism. The results show that human resources management practices are not directly involved in the abandonment of unions by employees, but rather the opposite phenomenon is observed. Employees who benefit from some of these practices tend to be more involved with a trade union
Cauvin, Jean-Michel. "Raisonnement médical et aide à la décision en endoscopie digestive." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1B052.
Full textNgo, The An. "Structures de préférence non-conventionnelles en aide à la décision." Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090016.
Full textAuffret, Vincent. "Aide à la décision pour le remplacement valvulaire aortique percutané." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B035.
Full textAortic stenosis represents the most frequent acquired valvular heart disease, affecting up to 10% of octogenarians. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is booming and confronts clinicians with new issues that constitute a major field of research. Our work falls within the framework of computer-assisted medico-surgical interventions, and aims at proposing computer-assisted decision support systems. The present Thesis is composed of four parts. The first part focuses on the medical problematic surrounding TAVI, as well as the current French TAVI field on the basis of an article describing temporal trends in patients’ and procedural’s characteristics from 2010 to 2015 in the FRANCE 2 and FRANCE TAVI nationwide registries. This first part identifies medical issues that operators currently face, especially the optimal selection of TAVI candidates, and the reduction of procedural complications within the current trends towards treatment of patients with lower baseline surgical-risk profile. The second part deal with population-based studies, through standard statistical methods, to identify predictors of TAVI outcomes or selected procedural complications in order to facilitate procedural planning. Three articles compose this part. The first focuses on predictors of short-term cerebrovascular events post-TAVI, the second deals with conduction disturbances post-TAVI while the third aims at identifying predictors of global poor outcomes. We demonstrate the benefits of these analyses, which will remain necessary in the future, but also address their limitations, which support the use of new methods to store, sort, retrieve, and even augment relevant information to facilitate operators’ decision, especially at the pre-procedural step.The purpose of Part 3 is to address a case-based reasoning (CBR) decision-support system that could benefit from the identification of these prognostic factors and ultimately integrate them into a global and ergonomic interface for decision support. We have worked in the framework of the European project H2020 EurValve on the development of a CBR whose problematic is,for the time being, limited to the optimal choice of the approach, type and size of prosthesis. Our work focused on an analytical step in the design of this type of system dealing with the study and improvement of the similarity measure used to identify nearest neighbours (previously treated cases and their therapeutic "solution") of the current problem (case which clinicians are planning to treat). Finally, the last part focuses on increasing the information available for preoperative decision support through patient-specific numerical simulation. After a state of the art of the methods used in the field of TAVI, we worked on the elaboration and parameterization of a simulation model of the insertion of the stiff guidewire in the left ventricle (one of the first steps of the procedure that can condition the positioning of the prosthesis and thus the final result). In order to perform a first validation of this patient-specific simulation using preoperative 3D CT imaging, the proposed approach is based on the extraction of the region of interest in the 3D volume (segmentation) and its mapping to intraoperative 2D fluoroscopy through 3D / 2D registration. Our work on these image processing methods needed to implement and validate our simulation strategy is also discussed in this section. Finally, we present a potential clinical application of the simulation model regarding the influence of the shape of the guide and its insertion conditions on its stability and the pressure forces exerted on the left ventricle
Schluth-Amorim, Nathalie. "Aide à la concertation et à la décision dans le cadre de processus de décision publique complexes." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090045.
Full textCoulibaly, Adama. "Décision de groupe, Aide à la facilitation : ajustement de procédure de vote selon le contexte de décision." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10011/document.
Full textFacilitation is a central element in decision-making, especially when using new technology tools. The facilitator, to make his task easy, needs voting solutions to decide between decision-makers in order to reach conclusions in a decision-making process. A voting procedure consists of determining from a method the winner of a vote. There are several voting procedures, some of which are difficult to explain and which may elect different candidate/options/alternatives proposed. The best choice is the one whose election is easily accepted by the group. Voting in social choice theory is a widely studied discipline whose principles are often complex and difficult to explain at a decision-making meeting. Recommendation systems are becoming more and more popular in all fields of science. They can help users who do not have sufficient experience or competence to evaluate large numbers of existing voting procedures. A recommendation system can lighten the facilitator's workload in finding an appropriate voting procedure based on the decision-making context. The objective of this research work is to design such recommendation system. This work is in the field of group decision support. The issue is to contribute to the development of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS). The solution will have to be integrated into the software platform currently being developed at IRITGRUS: GRoUp Support
Bourreau, Lucas. "Diagnostic de corrosion sur ouvrage : fiabilité et aide à la décision." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4083/document.
Full textThis thesis work aims at studying the reliability of the corrosion diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures located in coastal marine environment. As part of the Project DéCoF-Ré, several non-destructive measurements were carried out on the piers of the Ré bridge in France, including half-cell potentials of the reinforcement and electrical resistivities of the concrete. The reliability firstly focused on the on-site measurement protocol and, secondly, on the interpretation of the measured data, in particular according to factors influencing the measurement. The results showed that in the case of marine structures, interpretations based on texts or recommendations available in the literature, widely used for structures exposed to atmospheric environment, may lead to erroneous conclusions indicating an overestimated degradation of the structure. Indeed, the tidal phenomenon may induce areas without oxygen for which the measurements concluded the presence of “at risk” zones that did not necessarily resulted from the corrosion of the reinforcements. Based on a major experimental campaign performed on the structure, the influence of the tide (high or low), the tidal and the seasons on the measurements was studied and quantified. By subtracting these environmental and time effects to raw data, interpretation of the corrosion diagnosis has been improved a made more reliable. This was confirmed and validated by autopsies (destructive tests), revealing the real state of corrosion of the reinforcements. Finally, a prioritization of the zones to be repaired was suggested using management's tools
Chalumeau, Martin. "Règles de décision clinique en médecine périnatale et pédiatrie." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11TO04.
Full textLIEPA, MARIE-PIERRE. "Aide du systeme expert a l'examen d'un blesse." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31052.
Full textRousval, Benjamin. "Aide multicritère à l'évaluation de l'impact des transports sur l'environnement." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090068.
Full textHo, Kon Tiat Vanessa. "Aide à la décision pour la conception préliminaire de procédés d'évaporation flash." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194229.
Full textSefion, Icham. "Aide à la décision, contribution pour la prise en charge de l'asthme." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES014.
Full textThe works presented in this memoir deal with the problem of the decision support in the asthma health care. The approach we propose aims at using the Case-Based Reasoning paradigm that attempts to solve a new problem by adapting established solutions to similar problems. We present ADEMA, a Case-based Reasoning system for asthma health care. It must propose a solution (diagnosis and treatment) to the physician according the consultation in progress. A case model is proposed to represent an asthmatic consultation and which was obtained using physicians and from data analysis. A similarity metric based on MVDM method was developed, tested and included in the system. An original approach for the reuse step was proposed. Lastly, we developed a user interface for our Case-Based Reasoning system
Azibi, Amine Riad. "Construction de critères en aide à la décision : aspects méthodologiques, techniques et pratiques." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090022.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to criteria construction in decision aiding. Construction of criteria represents a major stage in the decision support process. This stage raises technical difficulties notably related to the use of qualitative aspects. More specifically, we are interested in criteria aggregating qualitative consequences, which is the case of criteria based on dispersed consequences. After emphasizing the equivalence between the aggregation of qualitative attributes and an assignment problem, we propose an original methodology for building a coherent multi-attribute assignment system. Our work is based on “if. . . Then. . . ” assignment rules in order to respect the qualitative nature of attributes. We propose a general approach for a progressive construction of a rule-based assignment model. The process consists in testing iteratively the consistency of the rule base to transform it progressively into a consistent assignment model. Consistency tests are based on a correspondence between the logical representation of rules and an equivalent algebraic representation. This allows us to express rules by linear constraints and then to test the consistency of rule-based assignment models by solving a series of linear programs
Barrios, Carolina. "UneRéconciliation des mesures de l'utilité à l'aide de la "prospect theory" : une approche expérimentale." Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0018.
Full textPasanisi, Alberto. "Aide à la décision dans la gestion des parcs de compteurs d'eau potable." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000935.
Full textDanioko, Fadaba. "Aide à la décision pour la politique de maintenance des systèmes multi-états." Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/185083145#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textNowadays, the complexity of industrial systems and the variability of production policy impose on maintenance departments a more and more difficult task. In addition, production systems are sometimes subjected to strong requests (for example: productivity gain, limitation of the human resources). All the evoked requests are going to impose on the systems of production to operate under constraints: less downtime, less damages, etc. , where from the multi-state functioning way. Then it becomes major in the process of degradation called "multi-state" system, to study the problem of improvement of maintenance policy to maintain their continuity of service. Many recent works show the interest of the study of these multi-state systems, their complexity of study, modeling or optimization. Indeed, our work aims among others at the follow-up of the production system during its exploitation phase, to understand the evolution of its behavior in time, to improve its performance. This work is based on the identification of the choice of an optimal maintenance policy among several possible configurations of maintenance actions of the multi-state systems through the simulation. In our proposed approach, the study of the model of the degradation process named "multi-states model ", is led under various angles (scenarios) with or without learning about the decision node maintenance policy. An identification of the maintenance policy selection is conducted by the simulation according to the various configurations rate transitions between states occupied by the system over time. Finally an aggregation of several bayesian sub-models of multi-state systems is proposed according to their structural architectures to close to real case of production study
Cester, Corinne. "Passage des antibiotiques à travers la barrière utérine : aide à la décision thérapeutique." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT012A.
Full textAzzout, Yolande. "Aide à la décision appliquée au choix des techniques alternatives en assainissement pluvial." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0004.
Full textTo arrive at feasible choices, we have formalized the decision-making process, taking account the multiple criteria and the large number of partners involved. We have developed a decision-making tool for alternative techniques in urban storm water management at the preliminary study stage. This tool implicates the collaboration between the different actors of the decision-making process. It helps to finalize a storm water project, to imagine admissible solutions and to select appropriate ones. With these three principal objectives, others functions appeared like the help in acquisition of physical or decisional information and the help in learning. In order to realize correctly these objectives, we decomposed the decision-making process in three connected phases: - an elimination phase which makes it possible to eliminate techniques which are unworkable. We developed an expert system to facilitate this first task; - a construction phase which permit to elaborate urban storm scenario. We proposed a prescriptive tool; - a selection phase which makes it possible, in collaboration with all the partners involved, to choose a storm water drainage scenario which will best suit the objectives and the wishes of the partners. We adopted a multicriteria step and method to take account conflicting criteria and the diversity of actors' point of view
Sedrakian, Malhami Ani. "Vers une aide à la décision pour les méthodes itératives hybrides parallèles réutilisables." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066074.
Full textHugerot, Jean-Luc. "Aide à la prise de décision en gestion : application de la logique floue." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF10232.
Full textThis research consists in understanding the decision-making modalities in a social and human environment, and therefore, in an irrational and uncertain context. The decision-making scheme adopted is the one put forward by H. A. Simon, since it is general enough and accepted as a canonical model of the decision. A state of art, of the analysis context and the tools, allowing the representation of the knowledge and beliefs, has been carried out. It includes the “classical” logic approaches allowing the reasoning about issues ranging from “political-type” decisions, which are very poorly structured, to “algorithm-type” decisions, which are fully structured and entirely programmable. The tool adopted that allows the reasoning about fuzzy logic: sensed by the philosopher M. Black, whose concept about the uncertainly of belonging has been developed by L. Zadeh, and the theory of possibilities by D. Dubois & H. Prade, and also the “expertons” by A. Kauffman which allow the valuation of expert knowledge. A model is put forward. In the context of H. A. Simon’s four phases in decision-making, it allows to generalize the treatment of the main types of structures of issues about management processes with the help of the fuzzy logic. Several examples are given with the practical modalities of application. An example of a concrete use of the model is studied. A generalization of the concept is carried out as a new decision mode in management: the fuzzy decision-making, both are targeted. Another example is given with the global determination of the transaction cost of a firm, targeted with the help of two criteria stemming from human resources management and strategic marketing
Duarte, Kevin. "Aide à la décision médicale et télémédecine dans le suivi de l’insuffisance cardiaque." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0283/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the "Handle your heart" project aimed at developing a drug prescription assistance device for heart failure patients. In a first part, a study was conducted to highlight the prognostic value of an estimation of plasma volume or its variations for predicting major short-term cardiovascular events. Two classification rules were used, logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis, each preceded by a stepwise variable selection. Three indices to measure the improvement in discrimination ability by adding the biomarker of interest were used. In a second part, in order to identify patients at short-term risk of dying or being hospitalized for progression of heart failure, a short-term event risk score was constructed by an ensemble method, two classification rules, logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis of mixed data, bootstrap samples, and by randomly selecting predictors. We define an event risk measure by an odds-ratio and a measure of the importance of variables and groups of variables using standardized coefficients. We show a property of linear discriminant analysis of mixed data. This methodology for constructing a risk score can be implemented as part of online learning, using stochastic gradient algorithms to update online the predictors. We address the problem of sequential multidimensional linear regression, particularly in the case of a data stream, using a stochastic approximation process. To avoid the phenomenon of numerical explosion which can be encountered and to reduce the computing time in order to take into account a maximum of arriving data, we propose to use a process with online standardized data instead of raw data and to use of several observations per step or all observations until the current step. We define three processes and study their almost sure convergence, one with a variable step-size, an averaged process with a constant step-size, a process with a constant or variable step-size and the use of all observations until the current step without storing them. These processes are compared to classical processes on 11 datasets. The third defined process with constant step-size typically yields the best results
Duarte, Kevin. "Aide à la décision médicale et télémédecine dans le suivi de l’insuffisance cardiaque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0283.
Full textThis thesis is part of the "Handle your heart" project aimed at developing a drug prescription assistance device for heart failure patients. In a first part, a study was conducted to highlight the prognostic value of an estimation of plasma volume or its variations for predicting major short-term cardiovascular events. Two classification rules were used, logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis, each preceded by a stepwise variable selection. Three indices to measure the improvement in discrimination ability by adding the biomarker of interest were used. In a second part, in order to identify patients at short-term risk of dying or being hospitalized for progression of heart failure, a short-term event risk score was constructed by an ensemble method, two classification rules, logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis of mixed data, bootstrap samples, and by randomly selecting predictors. We define an event risk measure by an odds-ratio and a measure of the importance of variables and groups of variables using standardized coefficients. We show a property of linear discriminant analysis of mixed data. This methodology for constructing a risk score can be implemented as part of online learning, using stochastic gradient algorithms to update online the predictors. We address the problem of sequential multidimensional linear regression, particularly in the case of a data stream, using a stochastic approximation process. To avoid the phenomenon of numerical explosion which can be encountered and to reduce the computing time in order to take into account a maximum of arriving data, we propose to use a process with online standardized data instead of raw data and to use of several observations per step or all observations until the current step. We define three processes and study their almost sure convergence, one with a variable step-size, an averaged process with a constant step-size, a process with a constant or variable step-size and the use of all observations until the current step without storing them. These processes are compared to classical processes on 11 datasets. The third defined process with constant step-size typically yields the best results
Qureshi, Aiman Mazhar. "Modélisation et aide à la décision multicritère du confort thermique en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0081.
Full textUrban areas are the prevalent places of residence for people and are vulnerable to exasperating weather conditions such as heat stress. Periods of heat waves are increasingly reoccurring in the current atmosphere, and they are known to pose a serious and major threat to the health of human beings all over the world. Urban heat islands and heat waves increase thermal risks in urban areas and the vulnerability of the urban population. The increase in the number of heat episodes in urban areas has become a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human health and economic activities. The objective of this work is to identify the sensitivity of thermal comfort and their action variables, the modeling of thermal stress using the most influential meteorological variables, the identification of risk factors and highlight the correlation of meteorological trends and influencing parameters, solutions for mitigating heat stress and mathematical support for decision-making. Several machine and deep learning techniques were used for the system dynamic modeling of the thermal comfort. Optimized results are obtained from the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model which is used for the development of a web simulation tool allowing the inhabitants to evaluate their level of comfort according to the weather conditions. A heat vulnerability index map has been developed to indicate the vulnerability of occupants considering different aspects in a medium-sized city such as planning, green space, density, energy, quality air, water bodies and extreme heat events. The obtained results highlighted that poor air quality and heat events are interrelated, which draws the attention for decision-makers to intervene the additional measures in high-risk places. Field monitoring is carried out using sensors and a thermal camera to measure relevant variables and take action to minimize the effects of heat stress. In Last, multi-criteria decision-making methods were applied for the initial development of a decision support tool for the selection of urban heat resilience interventions that allows flexible, dynamic, and predictive use for designers and the users
Bizouarn, Philippe. "Décision médicale et rationalité : l'incertitude d'une action." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0217.
Full textMedical decision, as an act consisting of doing a choice among different alternatives, results from a judgment done by a medical doctor in face of a patient and cannot be reduced to a formal procedure between diagnosis and prescription. The aim of this study was first to analyse the different constraints linked to the medical decision-making: the patient, viewed as an intimate and social being, the medical doctor, trying to accord his knowledge with his know-how with intent to conciliate the particular with the universal, the society, which requires efficacy and justification of our acts. The notion of uncertainty was then explored through a critical analysis of the clinical trials with emphasis on construction and possibility of synthesis in order to know what could signify their systematic use as an instrument of evidence in a practical point of view. Finally, the medical rationality was questioned, by confronting the instrumental rationality characterized by the use of the best means for reaching a defined end, and a procedural rationality adopted in part by the Evidence-Based Medicine. Another rationality need to be constructed, where experimental data must be interpreted again practically. In this perspective, a passage must be supposed between theory as an explication of a constructed world and practice as a comprehension of what the patient expects from us
Benabbou, Loubna. "Contributions à la classificaton supervisée multi-classes et multicritère en aide à la décision." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20646.
Full textMousseau, Vincent. "Problèmes liés à l'évaluation de l'importance relative des critères en aide multicritère à la décision : réflexions théoriques, expérimentations et implémentations informatiques." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090018.
Full textFaure, Guy. "L'exploitation agricole dans un environnement changeant : innovation, aide à la décision et processus d'accompagnement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178531.
Full textPerez, Nicolas. "Contribution à la conception énergétique de quartiers : simulation, optimisation et aide à la décision." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS017/document.
Full textThe integration of the research of energy efficiency into urban development projects is essential in the current context of energy and environmental transition. In order to reduce the energy footprint of a district already starting from the design phase, a set of contributions was elaborated to support the planners in this process. The DIMOSIM simulation platform (DIstrict MOdeller and SIMulator) has been developed to dynamically model and simulate the energy flows of a district located within its urban environment. The design of the district is optimized using a multi-objective procedure combining energy, economic and environmental aspects to ensure the best overall performance. A cross-cutting, multi-level approach integrating the NSGA-II genetic algorithm was implemented in order to adapt the procedure to the specificities of the problem. The selection of the preferred solution is then facilitated by the use of a multicriteria analysis method which was developed to provide a detailed evaluation of the different concepts : the outranking method ATLAS (Assistance TooL for decision support to assessment And Sort). Finally, the complete procedure dedicated to the district energy system design was applied to eco-district projects in order to validate its correct operation and also to provide the necessary support to decision-makers
Rautureau, Séverine. "Simulations d'épizooties de fièvre aphteuse et aide à la décision : approches épidémiologique et économique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709417.
Full textBenabbou, Loubna. "Contributions à la classification supervisée multi-classes et multicritère en aide à la décision." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26099/26099.pdf.
Full textMillier, Aurélie. "Contribution méthodologique et aide à la décision pour l’évaluation des interventions de la schizophrénie." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE3001.
Full textSchizophrenia is the most widespread adult psychosis, with a prevalence of about 1%. This chronic disease is associated to a heavy burden in terms of quality of life of patients and caregivers, as well as in terms of societal costs. Antipsychotics are the reference treatment, allowing patients to have a better control of their symptoms. Nevertheless some patients are not completely compliant with their treatment because of side effects, or lack of efficacy. Introduction of new antipsychotics on the market with less side effects, or better targeting subgroups of patients would increase patients’ compliance. Consequences, in terms of relapse or costs avoided in particular, can be assessed in the context of pharmacoeconomic evaluation. The objective of this report is to contribute to methodological knowledge on one side, and to present a new decision-making tool on another side, for evaluation of new antipsychotics indicated in schizophrenia. After a presentation of schizophrenia, the first section of this report presents results of literature reviews conducted on economic and humanistic burden of the disease. The second section presents results of several statistical analyses, using data from a European cohort. The third and last section presents the role of economic evaluation and suggests a design for a microsimulation model, to assess cost-effectiveness of new antipsychotics. This model is based on the premise that the aim of treatment is to prevent relapses, which affect the patient quality of life and generate substantial costs. The probability of relapse is dependent upon treatment and compliance, which is expected to be improved with new antipsychotics. Treatments are also differentiated in terms of side-effects and cardiovascular complications. A discussion focusing on limits of this model concludes this report
Khelifi, Mohammed Nedjib. "Méthode de conception d'un système d'information par ébauche systémique et aide à la décision." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080795.
Full textThe systemic preliminary model has become a due way for the conception of a system realised in a perspective of change. In this research work, it is presented as a pedagogic help for future managers in various fields such as communication, economics, business, sociology etc. . . It is destined to improve the communication behaviours during individual interviews or to collect information in order to reach the aim in the most efficient way. Our aim (goal) is to give the survey manager tools, arguments, rules, criteria and parameters to enable him with the assistance of a programmer, to get through and to achieve a project. The concept of information has improved and gets more precise from day to day tanks to the developement of programming technics keeping in mind the fact that modelisation applies to every representation or abstract transcription of a concrete reality and plays at the scientific level an essential part in the research thanks to various representations. A theoretical research capable of solving the problem of complete modelisation of the system of information would allow to foresee for the future a conception methodology of the complete information system, the conception and structuration of overtated database
Wang, Xixi. "Ordonnancement de projet avec contraintes de ressources et aide à la décision multi-objectif." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0022.
Full textThis thesis deals with the multi-objective Resource Constraint Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). After a specific literature review, we solve the problem with exact approaches in the first place: the Two Phases Method and the Parallel Partitioning Method. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, the exact methods are only able to solve small instances. For this reason, we apply the approximated methods to deal with larger problems. The genetic algorithms are firstly adopted to solve large-scaled instances. Moreover, we propose to improve the basic scheme with several hybridizations. A local search with Mapping Method is applied for a better exploration of the solution space. Next, we consider a special case where the decision-makers wish to reduce the number of solutions. Thus, in this part of the thesis, we try to select the most interesting solutions among the whole non-dominated front. For this purpose, several dominance relationships are considered as alternatives of the Pareto dominance. These dominance rules are implemented in the basic genetic algorithm schemes, as well as those with local search. The results show that the considered hybridizations enhance highly the basic method results. Our future research will highlight more complex multi-objective RCPSP problems and the industrial application
Ouattara, Adama. "Méthodologie d'éco-conception de procédés par optimisation multiobjectif et aide à la décision multicritère." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0055/document.
Full textThis study aims at the development of a design methodology for eco-efficient processes, meaning that ecological and economic considerations are taken into account simultaneously at the preliminary design phase of chemical processes. The environmental aspect is quantified by using of a set of indicators following the guidelines of sustainability concepts. The design framework is based on a modelling approach considering both process and utility production units, since the environmental impact of a chemical process not only contains the material involved in the process but also the energy consumption, the effect of flow recycle, material conversion and so on... For this purpose, a decision support tool dedicated to the management of plant utilities (steam, electricity, water...) and pollutants (CO2, SO2, NOx, etc..), (ARIANETM package) was coupled to process modelling and used here both to compute the primary energy requirements of the process and to quantify its pollutant emissions. Both models were thus integrated in an outer multiobjective optimization loop, based on a variant of the so-called NSGA-II (Non Sorted Genetic Algorithm) multiobjective genetic algorithm. The trade-off between economic and environmental objectives is illustrated through the generation of Pareto fronts. The selection of the best design alternatives is performed through the use of multicriteria analysis. The well-known benchmark process for hydrodealkylation (HDA) of toluene to produce benzene, revisited here in a multi-objective mode, is used to illustrate the usefulness of the approach in finding environmentally friendly and cost-effective designs
Rautureau, Séverine. "Simulations d’épizooties de fièvre aphteuse et aide à la décision : approches épidémiologique et économique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T002/document.
Full textThe 2001 Foot-and-mouth disease epizootic in the United Kingdom has illustrated limits in some established surveillance, control, anticipation and decision-making systems. At the same time, the relaxation of vaccination procedures has enhanced the set of usable tools by risk managers. A reassessment in France seemed needed.For this purpose, the research project firstly proposed to study the organization of the different livestock industries in France. The analysis of French holding network by using the method of social network analysis has led to characterize the relationships between holdings and to determine a constant structural vulnerability to diseases spread especially due to bovine trade network.Secondly, the disease spread in the holding network has been studied with simulations generated by a specifically built model. The cost-effectiveness of different control strategies (combining infected herd depopulation, pre-emptive culling and vaccination) were then compared. Results showed that no single epidemiological and economical optimal strategy existed and local context must be taken into account. Indeed, the cost-effective strategy changed according to the concerned area and the considered players.This research work allowed creating a thinking tool for decision-making but also a training tool for crisis management preparation
Agudelo, Gutierrez Lina Maria. "Aide à décision en conception préliminaire par l'estimation du poids de la performance environnementale." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0027/document.
Full textThe development of an eco-design method to create products involving environmental indicators to aid decision making at the stage of conceptual design, can be found in the present work. The proposed method is based on the definition and generation of a TRIPLET: a consistent relationship between materials, processes and forms. A taxonomy of shapes characterizes different shapes achievable by the manufacturing processes. A Description of Concept (DCT) includes some overall dimensions of the piece conceived and the finishing and material removal processes. An environmental indicator based on RECIPE database and adapted to the method to be able to evaluate the environmental impact. The aid integrates two approaches, deductive and inductive based on the experience of the designer. The DCT includes choosing a solid base that suggests, based on the functional surfaces defined in the process, a reflection towards a sketch of the piece concept. The different concepts developed are ranked from a multiple-criteria decision analysis based on the environmental indicator, a manufacturing cost, a performance index and a combination index obtained by fuzzy logic. The process is supported on a database linked to the required knowledge and the software tool "ECOTRIAL". A redesign application concludes the thesis and demonstrates the applicability of the proposed method
Roux, Emmanuel. "Mesure du mouvement du membre supérieur et aide à l'interprétation clinique des données." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d57e6b3d-5822-4305-afa5-b4cefe838d02.
Full textThis thesis work aims to assist the surgeon in objectively evaluating the shoulder arthroplasty results and in improving this practice. An upper limb kinematics evaluation technique is proposed, using a video system of 3D movement measurement and a global optimisation method. The support for the clinical interpretation of the movement is based on the objective explanation of clinical characteristics by the kinematics data. The method uses fuzzy decision trees and rules induction from a set of examples. A satisfiability measure evaluates the explanation capacity of the rules. The rule base can also be exploited to objectively determine a given clinical characteristic. These methods are evaluated with the stratified ten-fold cross validation method, within the mapping of the kinematics data and the functional evaluation. Results show that the proposed methods permit to reach the initial aims. Then some research prospects are putted forward