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1

Zirkle, Lewis G. "Medical aid to developing countries." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 7, no. 2 (May 1996): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(1996)007[0195:ltte]2.3.co;2.

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2

STOW, DORRIK A. V. "Geological aid to developing countries." Journal of the Geological Society 146, no. 1 (January 1989): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.146.1.0187.

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3

Feder, Toni. "Physicists Seek to Aid Developing Countries." Physics Today 58, no. 12 (December 2005): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2169435.

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4

Van Tilburg, Christopher S. "Attitudes toward medical aid to developing countries." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 6, no. 3 (August 1995): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(1995)006[0264:atmatd]2.3.co;2.

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5

Sahqani, G. B. "Aid and Governance: issues in developing countries." SocioEconomic Challenges 1, no. 2 (2017): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.1(2).34-38.2017.

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6

Hingley, Peter D. "Practical Aid to Libraries in Developing Countries." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00001085.

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AbstractThe problems and rewards of shipping astronomical books to libraries in developing countries are discussed, with particular reference to the author’s own experience from his base at the Royal Astronomical Society.
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7

Olatunbosun, Olufemi A. "International Aid to Developing Countries—Setting Priorities." Journal SOGC 22, no. 2 (February 2000): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0849-5831(16)31409-4.

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8

Mosley, Paul, and Abrar Suleiman. "Aid, Agriculture and Poverty in Developing Countries." Review of Development Economics 11, no. 1 (February 2007): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2006.00354.x.

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9

Fielding, David. "Health aid and governance in developing countries." Health Economics 20, no. 7 (April 3, 2011): 757–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.1631.

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10

HUGHES, HELEN. "TRADE OR AID? WHICH BENEFITS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES MORE?" Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 22, no. 3 (September 2003): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2003.tb01122.x.

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11

Garner, P. "Is aid to developing countries hitting the spot?" BMJ 311, no. 6997 (July 8, 1995): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6997.72.

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12

Munemo, Jonathan. "Foreign aid and export diversification in developing countries." Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 20, no. 3 (June 2011): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2011.538970.

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13

Feeny, Simon, and Mark McGillivray. "Aid and public sector borrowing in developing countries." Journal of International Development 15, no. 8 (2003): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1028.

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14

Gilstad, H. "OP12.01: Evaluation of educational aid to developing countries." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 28, no. 4 (August 31, 2006): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.3300.

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15

McGillivray, Mark. "Aid and Public Sector Behavior in Developing Countries." Review of Development Economics 4, no. 2 (June 2000): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00084.

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16

Terrones, Mauricio. "Structural changes to aid science in developing countries." Nature 464, no. 7288 (March 2010): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/464486c.

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17

Skladany, Martin. "Macro Aid: Applying Microcredit’s Group Liability Principle to Foreign Aid." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 677–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0034.

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Abstract This article proposes a novel form of foreign aid—macro aid. Under macro aid, developing countries that are aid recipients would be self-organized into groups and held collectively responsible for stolen or negligently wasted grants. If such abuse occurs, all developing countries in the group would no longer be eligible for any additional aid from the same funding source. Such shared responsibility would build powerfully constructive pressure among developing countries to not abuse aid. Moreover, the public nature of the program would enhance transparency, strengthen expectations, motivate citizens to demand that all group countries live up to the international attention, and shine a spotlight on aid agencies to prevent them from continuing to tolerate systemic corruption. Macro aid programs could also be set up within developing countries at the regional or local governmental level. Further, developing countries could voluntarily decide to establish macro aid groups to signal to domestic and foreign investors their resolve to reform. If such a high level of accountability is expected from the poor who are enrolled in microcredit programs that require group repayment, it is reasonable that the same level of responsibility and oversight should also be applied to groups of elite politicians in developing countries.
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18

Stiglitz, Joseph E., and Andrew Charlton. "Aid for trade." International Journal of Development Issues 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045861.

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Adjustment to a post‐Doha trading regime will be disproportionately costly and difficult for developing countries. Increased aid is vital for the poor countries if they are to grasp the opportunities provided through trade and meet transition costs. With aid‐for‐trade, for the first time, the developed countries have another bound and meaningful commitment that they can offer developing countries. Our proposal to provide new resources to meet adjustment needs, however, does not suggest that trade, when combined with aid, will be a panacea for developing countries. Interactions between trade, aid, and broader development policies and reforms are important.
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19

Meteb. M, Alotaibi Mohamed. "The Official Development Aids to Developing Countries with Reference to the Arab Countries." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/mar2013/30.

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20

Saidon, Ruhaida, and Zalina Zainal. "Foreign Aid, Institutional Quality and Income Inequality in Developing Countries." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2019.3.4.88.

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This study examines the role of institutional quality as a complementary factor on the effectiveness of sectoral allocations of foreign aid (i.e. aid to social sectors, aid to economic sectors, aid to production sectors and aid to multi sectors) on income inequality in selected foreign aid recipient countries. This study utilizes System-Generalized Method of Moment on a panel data of 50 of foreign aid recipient countries during the period 1995 to 2017. The empirical findings revealed that the interaction variables between sectoral allocations of foreign aid with institutional quality have a negative and statistically significant effect on income inequality during the period of study. This finding indicates that institutional quality is one the conditional factor for the effectiveness of sectoral foreign aid allocations in narrowing income inequality in developing countries.
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21

Kelman, J. "Effective subsidies in developing countries." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0415.

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During the last decades, significant subsidies have been allocated to government-owned water and sewerage enterprises in developing countries. However, water and sewerage coverage is still far from desirable and the poor are particularly affected by the shortage of these services. The truth is that a considerable part of these subsidies have been used up to build huge infrastructure works that would make some construction firms happy, while often decreasing the service costs for the richer. The costs associated of delivering water and sanitation services to the poor are significantly higher, as they often live in slums or irregular urban developments without urban infrastructure. It is possible, and desirable, to improve government's effectiveness through the use of appropriate economic incentives. The Brazilian River Basin Pollution Abatement Program, based on the “output-based aid” concept, is a good example of how this can be achieved. The Program is a success story that shows that the quality of expenditures on sanitation can be considerably improved if governments of developing countries refrain from contracting sanitation infrastructure works and start paying for results, not for promises.
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22

Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "Financial Openness and Aid for Trade in Developing Countries." South African Journal of Economics 87, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/saje.12210.

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23

Conroy, RonánM, and Michael Elmore Meegan. "Dwindling donor aid for health programmes in developing countries." Lancet 343, no. 8907 (May 1994): 1228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92440-6.

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24

Balli, Faruk, Eleonora Pierucci, and Frank Fu. "Risk sharing role of foreign aid in developing countries." Applied Economics 51, no. 53 (May 24, 2019): 5753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1619024.

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25

Davies, A. E. "Reflections on the OPEC's Aid to the Developing Countries." International Studies 32, no. 1 (January 1995): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881795032001004.

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26

Cahill, Miles B., and Paul N. Isely. "The Relationship between Aid and Debt in Developing Countries." American Economist 44, no. 2 (October 2000): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943450004400209.

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27

Arvin, B. Mak, and Byron Lew. "Foreign aid and child educational attainment in developing countries." International Journal of Education Economics and Development 1, no. 2 (2009): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeed.2009.029307.

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28

Kangoye, Thierry. "Does Aid Unpredictability Weaken Governance? Evidence from Developing Countries." Developing Economies 51, no. 2 (May 26, 2013): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/deve.12008.

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29

Batten, R. L. "First aid. For community health workers in developing countries." Injury 16, no. 6 (May 1985): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(85)90068-3.

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30

Mamoon, Mahjabeen. "Does Political Instability in Developing Countries Attract More Foreign Aid?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2015): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n1p208.

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<p>While foreign aid has many determinants, an important factor influencing aid allocation is the political risk prevailing in the aid receiving country. This paper uses panel approach to investigate empirically how different political instabilities in the aid receiving country influence aid allocation by donors. The paper specifies and estimates models using fixed effect and random effect approach that explain the allocation of net per capita ODA among 50 developing countries over the period 1990-2012. Out of the total eight risk indices used, five exerts a significant impact on aid allocation of which four are indicators of governance while the fifth is an indicator of internal conflict. Based on the models, there is a negative relationship between corruption and aid flow indicating donors’ intolerance for malfeasance. However, the significantly positive association between aid flow and other three governance indicators- government stability, law and order and bureaucratic quality is questionable. While addressing the concept of governance in the development agenda reflects donors’ increasing concern for aid effectiveness, the rise in aid inflow with the worsening of government stability, law and order and bureaucratic quality leads to one critical question- Are donors aiding bad governance? Based on the positive significance of poor governance and the insignificance of the socioeconomic condition on aid flow, the paper argues that donors are motivated by self-interest rather than altruistic nature.</p>
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31

Mahembe, Edmore, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Development aid and its impact on poverty reduction in developing countries." International Journal of Development Issues 19, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-08-2019-0144.

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Purpose This paper aims to assess whether official development assistance (ODA) or foreign aid has been effective in reducing extreme poverty; test whether the type and source of aid matter; and examine whether political or economic freedom enhances aid effectiveness in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach The study uses recent dynamic panel estimation techniques (system generalised method of moments), including those methods which deal with endogeneity by controlling for simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Findings The main findings of the study are: firstly, foreign aid does have a statistically significant poverty reduction effect and the results are consistent across all the three extreme poverty proxies. Secondly, the disaggregation of aid by source and type shows that total aid, grant and bilateral aid are more likely to reduce poverty. Thirdly, political freedom might not be an effective channel through which aid impacts extreme poverty, but aid is more effective in an environment where there is respect for freedom of enterprise. Research limitations/implications As with most cross-country aid–growth–poverty dynamic panel data studies, the challenges of establishing robust causality and accounting for the unobserved country-specific heterogeneity remain apparent. However, given the data availability constraints, generalised method of moments is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the most robust empirical strategy when T < N. Future research could explore possibilities of individual country analysis, disaggregating countries by income and also examining the direction of causality between foreign aid, poverty and democracy. Practical implications The policy implications are that the development partners should continue to focus on poverty reduction as the main objective for ODA; aid allocation should be focused on channels which have more poverty-reduction effect, such as per capita income and economic freedom; and aid recipient countries should also focus on reducing inequality. Social implications The main social implications from this study is that it is possible to reduce poverty through ODA. Second, to enhance the effectiveness of foreign aid, ODA allocation should be focussed on channels, which have more poverty-reduction effect, and the host countries should have economic freedom. Originality/value This paper makes a further contribution to the aid effectiveness literature, especially the channels through which foreign aid affects poverty.
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32

Chaturvedi, Mahesh C. "Developing Countries." Water International 25, no. 1 (March 2000): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686796.

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33

Sonnenfeld, David A. "Developing countries." Environmental Politics 9, no. 1 (March 2000): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644010008414518.

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34

Kuhlgatz, Christian, and Awudu Abdulai. "Food Aid and Malnutrition in Developing Countries: Evidence from Global Food Aid Allocation." Journal of Development Studies 48, no. 12 (December 2012): 1765–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.723126.

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35

Saidon, Ruhaida. "Conditional Effect of Foreign Aid on Production Efficiency in Developing Countries." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2020.4.1.89.

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This study analyzes the conditional effect of foreign aid on production efficiency in selected 80 developing countries during the period of 2005-2017. This study involves parametric and non-parametric data analysis approach. The DEA (non-parametric) was used to get the production efficiency scores, while a panel Tobit regression analysis had conducted to measure the conditionality effect of foreign aid on the production efficiency. The results indicated that the conditional effect of foreign aid has a positive significant influence on production efficiency of developing countries during the period of study. This finding implies the positive impact foreign aid on production efficiency depends on the conditional effect of foreign aid.
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36

Ghosh Banerjee, Sudeshna, and Dennis A. Rondinelli. "Does Foreign Aid Promote Privatization? Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries." World Development 31, no. 9 (September 2003): 1527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(03)00107-4.

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37

Wang, Yu. "Bargaining matters: an analysis of bilateral aid to developing countries." Journal of International Relations and Development 21, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jird.2016.8.

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38

Fried, Debra. "IHHAPP Addresses Barrier to Hearing Aid Fittings in Developing Countries." Hearing Journal 66 (January 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000425798.49439.e1.

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39

Zallio, Franco. "Economic reforms and community aid in the mediterranean developing countries." International Spectator 26, no. 2 (April 1991): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729108457938.

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40

Nwaogu, Uwaoma G., and Michael J. Ryan. "FDI, Foreign Aid, Remittance and Economic Growth in Developing Countries." Review of Development Economics 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2015): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12130.

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41

Blue, Sophie. "Book Aid International – Relieving the Book Crisis in Developing Countries." Library Review 43, no. 2 (March 1994): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242539410053877.

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42

Schleicher, Andreas, and T. Neville Postlethwaite. "Education aid to developing countries: A general or differentiated policy?" Studies in Educational Evaluation 15, no. 3 (January 1989): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-491x(89)90015-1.

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43

Barnett, Andrew. "Aid donor policies and power sector performance in developing countries." Energy Policy 21, no. 2 (February 1993): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(93)90132-y.

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44

Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "Aid for Trade and trade tax revenues in developing countries." Economic Analysis and Policy 50 (June 2016): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2016.02.002.

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45

Jennings, Anthony, and D. John Shaw. "Food aid and the recurrent cost problem in developing countries." Food Policy 12, no. 3 (August 1987): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(77)90022-7.

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46

Salam, Rukshana, and Jinyoung Hwang. "The Effect of Foreign Aid on Governance in Developing Countries." International Academy of Global Business and Trade 17, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2021.17.1.27.

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47

Denny, Patrick. "Implementation of constructed wetlands in developing countries." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0157.

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In developing countries, the wise use of natural and artificial wetlands for water purification is particularly valuable and exploitable for the protection of water quality in catchments, rivers and lakes. Constructed wetlands are potentially good, low-cost, appropriate technological treatment systems for domestic wastewater in rural areas. Better still, they can be integrated into agricultural and fish production systems where the products are useable and/or re-cycled for optimal efficiency. However, currently, constructed wetlands are rarely installed. The reasons for this are discussed drawing attention to the limitations of aid programmes from donor countries and the need for in-house research, training and development. Recommendations for the development and wider use of constructed wetlands in developing countries are made.
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48

Gnangnon, Sena Kimm. "Effect of Development Aid on Tax Reform in Recipient-Countries: Does Trade Openness Matter?" Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 11, no. 01 (January 22, 2020): 2050001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993320500015.

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Based on a proposed measure of tax reform in developing countries, this paper examines both how tax reform is influenced by development aid flows, and whether this effect depends on countries’ degree of openness to international trade. Tax reform involves here the change of the tax structure in favor of domestic tax revenue and at the expense of trade tax revenue. Empirical results based on 102 developing countries over the period 1980–2015 suggest that development aid exerts a positive effect on tax reform in developing countries, with relatively less advanced countries enjoying a higher positive effect than advanced developing countries. Additionally, recipient-countries’ degree of trade openness matters for the effect of development aid on tax reform.
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49

Moore, Mick, and Mark Robinson. "Can Foreign Aid Be Used to Promote Good Government in Developing Countries?" Ethics & International Affairs 8 (March 1994): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1994.tb00162.x.

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In the five years since the collapse of communist rule in Eastern Europe, there has been a major shift in the way in which development aid is conceived and discussed in the aid agencies and foreign affairs ministries of the donor nations. There is a new agenda, the “ new political conditionality ” or “good government ” agenda. Formally, at least, aid increasingly is being tied to the practice of “good government ” as defined by the aid donors. Aid projects are now being justified in terms of their contribution to this god. More significantly, the practice of good government by recipients is becoming a general condition for eligibility for aid. The coercion of the Kenyan government into holding general elections in December 1992 has been the most vivid and publicized example of such practice to date, It is widely believed that there have been several other instances recently where aid donors, generally acting more covertly than in the Kenyan case, have had a major influence on the constitution of African governments.
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50

Weihua Chen and M. Akay. "Developing EMRs in Developing Countries." IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/titb.2010.2091509.

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