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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aid agencies'
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1
Horton, Keith. "The humanitarian case for giving to aid agencies." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252210.
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Oliver, Monica LaBelle. "Evaluation of emergency response: Humanitarian Aid Agencies and evaluation influence." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24629.
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Organizational development is a central purpose of evaluation. Disasters and other emergency situations carry with them significant implications for evaluation, given that they are often unanticipated and involve multiple relief efforts on the part of INGOs, governments and international organizations. Two particularly common reasons for INGOs to evaluate disaster relief efforts are 1) accountability to donors and 2) desire to enhance the organization s response capacity. This thesis endeavors briefly to review the state of the evaluation field for disaster relief so as to reflect on how it needs to go forward. The conclusion is that evaluation of disaster relief efforts is alive and well. Though evaluation for accountability seems fairly straightforward, determining just how the evaluation influences the organization and beyond is not.
Evaluation use has long been a central thread of discussion in evaluation theory, with the richer idea of evaluation influence only recently taking the stage. Evaluation influence takes the notion of evaluation use a few steps further by offering more complex, subtle, and sometimes unintentional ways that an evaluation might positively better a situation. This study contributes to the very few empirical studies of evaluation influence by looking at one organization in depth and concluding that evaluation does influence in useful ways.
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Rodgers, Paula. "Ambassadors for the poor : a comparison of voluntary aid agencies." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333832.
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Johnsøn, Jesper Stenberg. "Corruption and stabilisation : aid agencies' anti-corruption strategies in fragile states." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708377.
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Afful, Kenneth Eduoku. "The role of NGOs in the development process : a case-study of NGO projects in Nepal." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332398.
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Mowjee, Tasneem. "NGO donor funding relationships : UK and EC funding for the humanitarian aid activities of UK NGOs from 1990-1997." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271289.
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Henry, David, and n/a. "A poverty focus for aid to basic education in the South Pacific." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060720.155223.
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The aim of this thesis is to develop approaches that aid agencies could
use in the appraisal and/or development of basic education programs
in South Pacific countries which address aspects of poverty. It is set
in the context of wider international concern that aid programs need to
have a more direct impact on the conditions of the poor than they have
had in the recent past.
Concepts of poverty, basic education and literacy appropriate to South
Pacific countries are developed and relationships among them are
examined as preliminary steps to data collection and analysis. The
data for the thesis comes from programs of aid to basic education that
were running in or have commenced since 1985 and consists of
formal evaluations and reviews, the opinion of expert panels and
anecdotal evidence from individuals. Analysis of the data is
conducted in two stages; first, criteria by which to judge the success
of programs are developed and applied to the data, and second, the
common components of successful programs are identified.
The 'components of success' are then used to develop approaches that
aid agencies could employ in analysing program proposals and/or in
developing programs in basic education that have a poverty focus.
Examples of how these approaches could be applied to particular
programs are given.
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Greitens, Eric R. "Children first : ideas and the dynamics of aid in Western voluntary assistance programs for war-affected children abroad." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365669.
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Satterthwaite, David Edward. "The constraints on aid and development assistance agencies giving a high priority to basic needs." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2506/.
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The objective of the thesis is to identify what constrains development assistance agencies giving a higher priority to ensuring that basic needs are met. Support for basic needs is taken to include all spending to address unmet needs in terms of water supply and sanitation, primary health care, primary or basic education and literacy. It also includes all development agency funding for housing, social employment and 'community development' projects targeted at low income groups. A statistical analysis of all project commitments for a range of development assistance agencies over a number of years showed that most allocate less than 20 percent of their funding to basic needs while some allocate less than 10 percent. This analysis also showed some evidence of increased priority to basic needs in recent years, especially for the concessional loan programme of the World Bank. Interviews with a range of staff from the World Bank, UNICEF and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and a review of these agencies' internal documents sought to establish the main constraints on an increased priority to basic needs. The constraints can be divided into four sets: the institutional constraints linked to an agency's internal workings; conscious policy choices made within the agency to limit funding for basic needs; external influences, including commercial pressures, consultants and influences from the governments that fund the agencies; and the political and institutional constraints within recipient countries - for instance recipient governments not prioritizing basic needs projects or their limited capacity to support basic needs provision. The thesis shows that development assistance agencies' own internal structures often constrain funding for successful basic needs projects. For instance, many basic needs projects are relatively cheap and staff intensive to develop but within most agencies, staff are under pressure to spend relatively large sums and to minimize staff time when doing so. Many agencies also have the institutional legacy of structures set up to fund large capital projects and difficulties in changing these structures to reflect new priorities, including a higher priority to basic needs. The incapacity of recipient governments to implement basic needs projects and, in most nations, the lack of alternative implementors is also a major constraint. The thesis emphasizes how research to date has given too little attention to these constraints. It also discusses the ways in which agencies are seeking to overcome these constraints and the need to do so if a renewed emphasis on poverty reduction is to be effective.
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Pinera, Jean-Francois. "Partnerships between water sector institutions and aid agencies in urban areas affected by armed conflict." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18830.
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Many of the recent armed conflicts have taken place in cities of the Developing World. In the resulting emergency situations, water supply and sanitation are among the most essential services to restore. They form part of the urban services available to the city dwellers that are commonly managed by local water sector institutions. This is, in principle, acknowledged by aid agencies but partnerships between them and water sector institutions do not always happen because of concerns such as: independence vis-a-vis the local government; possible corruption arid inefficiency problems; and political obstacles. Moreover, agencies prefer short-term structural rehabilitation to long-term institutional development, for which they do not always feel sufficiently qualified and experienced. This study tackles the problem by determining how these partnerships influence the performance of aid operations, in particular in terms of efficiency I effectiveness in the case of emergency response and of sustainability and coverage in the case of rehabilitation. It is based on a number of case studies selected in: Kabul (Afghanistan); Jaffna (Sri Lanka); Monrovia (Liberia); Beni (Democratic Republic of Congo); Port-au Prince and Port-de-Paix (Haiti), and Grozny (Chechnya in the Russian Federation). For emergency operations, findings show that partnerships tend to take place when the type or level of technology involved and/or security conditions do not allow the aid agency to work independently from water utilities. Partnerships do not necessarily influence efficiency I effectiveness in the short term but are beneficial because they prepare for rehabilitation. In terms of rehabilitation, findings suggest that current practice maintains a separation between large-scale rehabilitation projects and community-based projects focusing on specific neighbourhoods. This has a detrimental effect on sustainability and fails to address the needs of the most vulnerable populations. The study recommends a more coordinated approach that involves a reform of funding patterns, in order to reconcile sustainability and universal service.
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Renouf, Jean S. "Understanding how the identity of international aid agencies and their approaches to security are mutually shaped." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/171/.
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The objective of the thesis is to study, through a critical constructivist analysis, the conception and practice of security by humanitarian international aid agencies (IAAs), with particular reference to their relation with private military and security companies (PMSCs). The research provides a qualitative analysis of humanitarian security, which is defined as the practice of safely accessing vulnerable populations for humanitarian purposes. Its methodology relies on semi-structured interviews, including in Afghanistan and Haiti; participant observation; and a literature review. The thesis‘ critical constructivist approach implies studying the co-constitution of aid organizations‘ identity and interests. It argues that IAAs‘ identity and approaches to security are mutually shaped. It does so by first highlighting dominant discourses framing aid agencies‘ identity and processes by which particular views are reproduced. It then identifies the dominant representations in security management and reveals how they relate to IAAs‘ identity. The thesis defines three ideal–types of IAAs (Deontological, Solidarist and Utilitarian) and of PMSCs (Guarding, Unarmed, and Weaponised). This typology allows a dissecting of IAAs‘ different conceptions and practices of security, and the conditions under which each type of IAA employs PMSCs. The research reveals that an aid agency‘s identity forms the basis of its approach to security. Identity and security, are however, not stable but dynamic and in a constant process of interaction with each other. The thesis then offers a study of these dynamic processes, with a focus on agents. The thesis delves into the implications of the research for the concept of security and reveals how humanitarian security embodies IAAs‘ distinctive baggage. It suggests that IAAs require a more comprehensive understanding of how their identity and practices affect their security. The thesis‘ original contribution is two-fold: it represents the first critical constructivist study of humanitarian security practices and is the first research to study humanitarian organizations as referent objects of security.
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Murambadoro, Betty. "The Role of Development Finance Institutions and Aid Agencies in Zimbabwe’s achievement of Sustainable Development Goals." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28408.
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This research looked at external funding and its role in determining the success rate of the developmental agenda at country specific level. To undertake this investigation, the role of external funding was assessed alongside other factors largely viewed to be also relevant in discussing the success of the development agenda. The research relied on primary data collected from various participants deemed to be relevant stakeholders in development studies and its success drivers. The sample comprised bilaterals, multilaterals, aid agencies, private commercial sector, policy makers, regulators and the UN agencies. Extensive research was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires and also supported by interviews to probe further on the key sub-topics. The other factors explored alongside external funding in terms of their significance in influencing outcome of the development agenda are strong financial institutions, strong legal institutions, economic reform, competent human capital and international trade. While the factors linked to governance were ranked highly in terms of significance in driving Zimbabwe’ s achievement of sustainable development goals, the numeric difference on points scored were not materially significant. The research outcome highlighted the interconnectedness of the factors assessed in augmenting the impact of capital inflows in meeting the development agenda. In addition, it exposed the significance of broader stakeholder consultation and commitment at a national level.
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Weiss, John A. "The Aid paradigm for poverty reduction: Does it make sense?" Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the ODI, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2810.
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Yes<br>Whilst thinking on economic policy for development has undergone many shifts with the perceived weak results of earlier adjustment reforms a new donor consensus has emerged based around the central themes of economic growth, good governance and social development. This paper examines the logic behind this new Aid paradigm and discusses the empirical evidence to support it. A nuanced story is revealed with country circumstances playing a critical role and particular interventions varying in impact across countries. For example, growth does not always lead to gains for the poor that match the national average; public expenditure needs to be targeted to achieve social development but effective targeting is difficult; governance reform may be critical but there is no simple governance blueprint and the corruption-growth association need not always be negative.
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Mrewa, Bernard. "A critical analysis of the role of aid agencies in the Kenyan land policy process (1999-2012)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7634.
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Land is central to development policies globally, including with reference to Africa, but the land reform strategies and modalities often pursued by international development agencies are controversial in terms of their potential and actual impact on questions of land rights, possession and access as well as poverty reduction and economic development. In the current era of global neoliberal restructuring, as indeed in the past, international aid agencies (or donors) have identified the formation and reform of national land policies in Africa and elsewhere as crucial in terms of facilitating systematic and successful land reform measures. A practical example of this is the case of Kenya. In this context, this thesis seeks to critically analyse the role of development (or aid) agencies in the land policy-making process in Kenya from 1999 to 2012. In this regard, the thesis does not focus on the product of the policy process (i.e. the land policy) let alone the implementation or impact of the policy. Rather, it treats the policy process itself as worthy of investigation and analysis, and thus delves into the policy processes leading to the product (the Kenyan land policy). The involvement of aid agencies in land policy in Kenya is part of a broader pattern of development cooperation with the Kenyan state over an extended period of time. Despite this long-term integration of Kenya in the international development system and the direct and pronounced involvement of global donors in the land policy-making process in Kenya, land policy outcomes in Kenya cannot be reduced simply to the influence and power of these donors. While the thesis analyses in detail the various forms of donor input into the land policy process, it also highlights that other (Kenyan-based) actors were centrally involved in the land policy formation process in the country, including state bureaucrats and national politicians but also a diverse range of interests embedded in civil society. Development agency involvement in the land policy process can be only understood in relation to these other actors. In Kenya, donors in fact interacted with these other actors in complex and fluctuating ways as they sought to maximise their influence in the national land policy process, and the thesis examines these dynamic and sometimes turbulent social and political interactions. These interactions were further complicated in Kenya because of the highly-ethnicised character of national politics and the fact that the constitution-review process was taking place at the same time as the land policy process. Together, this meant that the land policy process at nation-state level in Kenya became both a focus and site of struggle between state and non-state actors (including donors).
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Simelane, Batsabile Nokulunga. "Socio-economic impacts of development initiatives led by international aid agencies in the local community of Msunduza." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020818.
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Development is central to the existence of every society including demographic entities that constitute a community of people. Community development is a process designed to create conditions of economic and social progress for the entire community with its active participation and fullest possible reliance on the community development initiatives. The support of either individuals or organisations for the community to realise its full potential is essential, likewise is the role of development agencies in community development a good omen towards the advancement of human development. This research looks at a number of development initiatives presented by aid agencies aimed at improving community life, solving serious problems of quality life, social exclusion, and resources availability. The research explores the socio-economic impacts of development initiatives led by development agencies in local communities, a case study of a peri-urban community of Msunduza, Swaziland. The study was guided by five objectives: i) To evaluate the positive and negative impacts of development initiatives led by development agencies; ii) To establish to what extent the Msunduza community know community development initiatives and how they perceive them; iii) To analyse the sustainability of development initiatives/projects led by the development agencies; iv) To determine what the participatory principles of community development are in the area; v) To draw conclusions and make recommendations that will improve community development through organisational interventions.
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Carter, Jayna. "Implementing change in child protection agencies : the case of the Ontario Risk Assessment Model at Children's Aid Society "X"." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31035.
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This qualitative study presents findings from interviews with ten front line social workers employed at a small, eastern Ontario Children's Aid Society. The interviews explored the implementation of the Ontario Risk Assessment Model at this agency from the perspective of these social workers. The findings of this research identify perceived impediments as well as supports to organizational change within this context. Analysis of the data revealed that both the manner in which ORAM was implemented and the content of the model itself resulted in confusion, frustration and anxiety on the part of the workers. The research also sought to determine the potential fit between effective child protection organizational change endeavours and strategies inherent in the action research model. Implications for change management policy, practice and future research within child protection systems are also discussed.
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Campbell, Michelle. "Communicaiton for Poverty Alleviation: How Aid and Development Agencies in New Zealand View the Relationships Between Communication and Development." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2768.
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A highly debated topic of the last few decades has centred on the idea of communication as a means for poverty reduction. With two-thirds of the world's population living in poverty, there is a dire need to understand why global poverty and inequality continue to increase, and what role communication can, and is playing in the fight against poverty. This study therefore seeks to understand how three aid and development agencies in New Zealand, New Zealand Aid (NZAID), Oxfam New Zealand (NZ), and Christian World Service (CWS), construct poverty in the context of international development. Additionally it seeks to establish how these three organisations view relationships between communication and poverty. Eleven semi-structured, in-depth interviews with key informants were conducted, transcribed, and analysed in order to extract information surrounding the issues of poverty and international development. From this analysis, it is evident that these three organisations recognise official and unofficial definitions of poverty. It is also apparent that these definitions of poverty affect the ways in which these organisations view the causes of poverty, as well as their outlook on international development. Furthermore, three topics emerged when examining relationships between communication and poverty: communication with local people and local organisations, communication about local people and local organisations, and dealing with communication issues through accountability, transparency, and legitimacy. Implications on communication and development theory as well as theory on the discursive constructions of poverty are addressed. Finally, this study addresses practical implications for aid and development agency practice, and offers recommendations for further study in the area development communication.
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Monkam, Nara Françoise Kamo. "The Money-Moving Syndrome and the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/52.
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This dissertation examines in depth one of the potential causes of the low performance of foreign aid; in particular, the role incentive structures within international donor agencies could play in leading to “a push” to disburse money. This pressure to disburse money is termed as the “Money-Moving Syndrome”. In this dissertation, the “Money Moving Syndrome” exists when the quantity of foreign aid committed or disbursed becomes, in itself, an important objective side by side or above the effectiveness of aid. The theoretical analysis relies on the principal-agent theory to explore how donor agencies’ institutional incentive systems may affect the characteristics of an optimal and efficient incentive contract and thus give rise to the “Money-Moving Syndrome”. We adapted the basic framework developed in Baker (1992) to fit the organizational settings of international development agencies. The model concludes that the extent to which a performance measure based the amount of aid allocated within a specific period of time would lead to the “Money-Moving Syndrome” and affect aid effectiveness depends on the level of institutional imperatives for survival and growth, the degree of aid agency’s accountability for effectiveness, the level of corruption in recipient countries and the degree of difficulty to evaluate development activities. Due to data unavailability regarding other bilateral and multilateral aid agencies, the empirical framework tests several predictions of the theoretical model by examining whether money moving incentives affect World Bank’s decisions regarding project loan size in developing countries. Overall, the empirical results suggest that there seems to be some degree of “Money-Moving Syndrome” in effect within the World Bank.
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Krohwinkel-Karlsson, Anna. "The soft time constraint : studies of project extension within an aid agency." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institute of International Business (IIB), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-505.
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Teichmann, Christina. "How do traditional donors respond when beneficiary countries set up their own aid agencies? : case studies of India, Brazil and South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20695.
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Emerging donors, such as India, Brazil and South Africa, have provided assistance to other developing countries for many decades. However, the creation of dedicated aid agencies in emerging donor countries is a relatively new feature. The establishment of these aid agencies is often motivated by the objective of better coordinating and managing the increasing volume and scope of their development assistance activities. Since many of these emerging donors are also recipients of Official Development Assistance (ODA) from traditional donors, this institutionalization and professionalization of their development assistance raises some difficult questions. How do traditional donors perceive this new development in beneficiary countries and how do they respond to it in terms of aid allocations and co-operation arrangements? Do traditional donors still perceive beneficiary countries that are in a position to provide development assistance to other countries as being eligible to receive aid? These are the fundamental questions that this research study aims to answer. This research study is based on the hypothesis that the creation of dedicated aid agencies in beneficiary countries prompts traditional donors to either freeze, reduce or terminate ODA and rethink their development cooperation strategies. It argues that traditional donors perceive beneficiary countries with dedicated aid agencies as no longer in need of foreign assistance. In order to test this hypothesis and identify changes in the flow of aid, the research study compares official aid flow data for five selected traditional donors (France, Germany, the UK, the US and EU Institutions) to three emerging donor countries (India, Brazil and South Africa) before and after the establishment of dedicated aid agencies. The research further investigates whether other factors, such as beneficiary countries' socioeconomic performance and compliance with DAC norms and standards, play a role in traditional donors' aid allocation decisions. Alongside the quantitative analysis, the research uses semi-structured elite interviews with representatives of the five traditional donors as well as development cooperation experts to solicit qualitative responses. The findings of the quantitative and qualitative analysis suggest that the establishment of dedicated aid agencies in emerging donor countries does not have a negative impact on traditional donors' aid allocations. Other factors, such as the economic status of beneficiary countries, domestic debates and the strategic interests of traditional donors', seem to play a much more important role in this regard. In fact, traditional donors welcome the creation of such aid agencies and actively support beneficiary countries in this endeavour. Traditional donors expect that such aid agencies will promote transparency and accountability and increase the effectiveness of aid.
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Lindner, Jörg. "Den svenska Tysklands-hjälpen 1945-1954." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Historiska studier, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65859.
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Swedish postwar aid to Germany from 1945 to 1954 is described and analyzed, especially as an expression of Swedish attitudes developed over a long period of societal evolution. As early as 1943/44 both Swedish voluntary agencies and the Swedish government began to plan program of postwar aid to Germany. Older and more recent attitudes to Germany, the views of Germans living in exile in Sweden and the intentions of the Western allies toward a conquered Germany were central in determining the nature and scope of Swedish aid. Programs incorporated the values of traditional Christian charity, secularized philanthropy and applied methods developed for emergency aid abroad and for social assistance at home. The new concept of the welfare state, strong in Sweden at the time, led to aid also being aimed toward long-term socio-political goals. Children, young people, mothers, refugees, displaced persons and what was regarded as the German elite were the main recipients of various aid efforts. In the atmosphere of the Cold War, aid came to be increasingly directed to West Germany. Postwar aid, with Germany as the main non-Scandinavian recipient, was Sweden's first experience as a long-term aid donor. While the efforts of voluntary agencies were concentrated abroad, the Swedish welfare state developed rapidly at home, leaving no room for privately sponsored social work. Even after 1950/54, therefore, the work of Swedish voluntary agencies was directed at needs abroad, mainly to so-called undeveloped countries outside Europe. The premises underlying such aid and its contents were largely the same as for postwar aid to Germany.<br>digitalisering@umu
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Martinez, Carmella Marie. "Extended opportunity program and service, and cooperative agencies resources for education for welfare students in pursuit of a post-secondary education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2280.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the relationship between participation in one community college EOPS & CARE program and participant sense of preparedness for self-sufficiency.
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Hedman, Elina. "When Traditional Power Structures are Trembling : A qualitative analysis of aid agencies focus on gender roles and contribution to potential changes in those following the earthquakes in Nepal 2015." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374275.
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This thesis examines how and to what extent humanitarian aid organizations strategically focus on gender roles following disasters, and how they contribute to potential changes in gender roles. The case selected for the study is Nepal after the 2015 earthquakes where the reports of four international humanitarian aid organizations were examined through a qualitative content analysis. The thesis aims to provide a contribution to the disaster risk reduction literature with a special focus on the possibilities to use disasters as catalysts for changes in traditional gender roles. As humanitarian organizations are major actors in the aftermath of disasters, the purpose is to evaluate their efforts and connect that to previous literature in the field. As a theoretical foundation two contrasting theories are incorporated in the study, the first is the idea that a disaster can be a ’window of opportunity’ for changes in gender roles whereas the other one is that vulnerable people is often left more vulnerable after a disaster due to secondary consequences, a so called double disaster. The main findings of the study demonstrate that none of the four international humanitarian organizations incorporated a gendered perspective in their aid efforts following the earthquakes in Nepal 2015. The organizations seldom separate women from men in their reports, demonstrating an unawareness of the gender power structures at play. Few activities had a potential to empower women and the ones that did lacked a long-term perspective to enhance gender equality and lower vulnerability.
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Magolowondo, Augustine Titani. "Democratisation aid as a challenge for development co-operation a comparative study of overall policies of two bilateral and two multilateral development agencies and how they are implemented in Malawi /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975037498.
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Cummings, Charmaine Isabelle. "Performance management and Executive Agencies : strategy and outcomes in Jamaica." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/performance-management-and-executive-agencies-strategy-and-outcomes-in-jamaica(2bee7cd9-f8c1-4a1c-8d04-535a61087c29).html.
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This thesis explores the question of whether Performance Management Systems (PMS) contribute to the managing of Executive Agencies (EAs). Exploring this question empirically in the context of the Jamaican public sector, it develops a realist methodology with methods, which are applied to the study of four Jamaican Executive Agencies (JEAs). Primary research conducted in 2011 through semi-structured interviews is combined with secondary research that considers both official government and unofficial resources such as reports (official) and newspapers (unofficial). The thesis is one of very few studies to focus on JEAs, one of only two studies to explore PMS in JEAs, and the first to make a focus on PMS in JEAs the primary object of study. It therefore contributes to a very limited literature, which is, therefore, both a strength of the thesis insofar as it breaks new ground, and also a challenge. It is a challenge because the lack of available literature on JEAs with which to relate. In order to address this lack, drawing on Historical Institutionalism (HI), Path Dependency (PD) and Policy Transfer theories, it argues that it is reasonable to draw on British literature owing to the historical influences of Britain on Jamaica, their institutional and constitutional contexts and, particularly, because the agencification of the Jamaican public sector has been based on the British Next Steps Model. From reviewing the British literature an Integrative Conceptual Framework (ICF) is developed. This framework incorporates those factors deemed as critical to the development of PMS in the organisational performance management literature, (that is, both management and public management), in order to harness the structural, procedural, situational and behavioural aspects discussed in the existing literature into a single framework. The ICF is at the heart of the thesis because it influences the methods used in conducting the primary research, and the presentation of research findings. It is therefore a major contribution of the thesis, and it is recommended that this framework could be applied in other contexts (e.g. in the private sector) and locations (e.g. in countries other than Jamaica) to analyse the use of PMS for managing. By triangulating the primary research findings with secondary data, that is, existing literature on the four case studies, the ICF is applied to generate a longitudinal aspect to the study. It is also found that PMS do contribute to managing JEAs, and that the use of PMS in JEAs has evolved positively over time for managing JEAs. The research findings discuss how PMS contributes to managing the four JEAs in terms of the different components of the ICF. Based on this, the study is able to add to existing academic literature, and make recommendations to practitioners. The contribution of this thesis to literature therefore incorporates both a conceptual and theoretical aspect, and also has a practical element. Both of these, it claims, could form the basis for further research.
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Berwart, Erik. "Can credit rating agencies discover and disseminate valuable information?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/can-credit-rating-agencies-discover-and-disseminate-valuable-information(eaeed05b-9f62-47e7-80f3-2cb871a122ec).html.
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In this thesis, we study if credit rating agencies (CRAs) are capable, through their rating process, of discover information that it is valued by the market. Additionally, we investigate if CRAs are able to propagate their findings to the market. if Specifically, we study the differences between issuer-paid and investor-paid credit rating agencies, and how those differences shape the characteristics of their credit ratings and ultimately, if investors can profit from credit rating announcements. For our research we use a large dataset of rating announcements from 1997 to 2012, which includes information of four credit rating agencies (CRAs), Egan-Jones Ratings Company (EJR), Fitch, Moody's and Standard and Poor's, which representing investor-paid and issuer-paid CRAs. This allows us to compare these two kind of agencies and its ratings. In the first essay we study what variables explain the rating coverage of an investor-paid credit rating agency. We show that probability of being covered by EJR is positively related with the size of the firm, the level of institutional ownership of the firm, stock analysts and issuer-paid CRAs level of coverage, while it is negatively related to the firm's corporate governance. We found that the likelihood of being covered by EJR augments after regulatory changes and most interestingly, since EJR received the NRSRO certification. In the second essay we compare the timeliness of rating changes produced by EJR and the issuer-paid CRAs representatives. We found that the lead effect of investor-paid over issuer-paid CRAs has weakened in recent years, while Granger causality is bidirectional and therefore a lead-lag relationship cannot be established. Finally, stock prices manifest statistically significant abnormal reactions to downgrades of all agencies; however, abnormal negative returns are significantly higher for EJR. Our results support the hypothesis that issuer-paid agencies improve the quality and timeliness of their ratings when they see their market power threatened by tighter regulations. Nevertheless, event studies illustrate that markets still price stocks under the assumption that investor-paid rating actions carry superior information. Finally, our third essay found that purchasing (selling short) stocks with positive (negative) rating announcements generates portfolios with positive annual abnormal returns when investors react immediately to rating announcements. Returns are higher for stronger announcements (i.e. rating changes over rating outlooks) and for an investor-paid agency rather than an issuer-paid agency. When we introduced transaction costs, only the investor-paid agencies' announcements lead to positive abnormal returns. Additionally, when we included a delay in the reaction of investors to rating announcements, all positive abnormal returns net of transaction costs disappeared. Finally, our results suggests that the differences between investor-paid and issuer-paid agencies are based on their dissimilar business models rather than their regulatory status.
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Kading, Suzanne E. "Persons with HIV/AIDS return to work a study of private agencies for persons with HIV/AIDS in the Twin Cities /." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998kadings.pdf.
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Schmid, Maria Barbara. "The churches' response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic: a case study of Christian agencies in the Cape Town area." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26772.
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It is two decades since the start of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Since then it has caused the death of millions and untold suffering to many more, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, while some Christian response soon developed, until a few years ago the majority of churches have struggled to recognise in this disaster a challenge to themselves. The last few years have seen a flurry of activity from churches and Christian agencies in this field. New AIDS ministries are springing up, often in a rather haphazard fashion. This study aims to establish what the response of churches and Christian groups in the Cape Town area is to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The starting point for the response lies in the perceptions shaping the churches' AIDS discourse, since church activities are to a large degree discourse based. Hence the study starts with an investigation of the relationship between discourse and practice, paying special attention to the common metaphors and discourses used when referring to HIV/AIDS. Since the African context is crucial to the way HIV/AIDS is developing here, questions are posed to these discourses from an African point of view. The study further considers the type of programmes emerging from this discourse. A survey was conducted by questionnaire in the Cape Town area to collect information from 30 Christian service providers end denominations. The aim is to evaluate whether the response is appropriate to the needs, to our African context and to the churches' mission. It is my hypothesis that while the Christian contribution to AIDS services is valuable, it is in many respects not appropriate. To support this hypothesis the study develops criteria for an appropriate AIDS discourse, and based on that for an appropriate practical response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. These were derived from relevant literature as well as a series of informal interviews with local AIDS activists. Finally, some pointers are given as to how the Christian response to HIV/AIDS could be developed on a solid theological foundation in order to offer a service that is more appropriate to the needs, to our African context and to the churches' mission.
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Qadiri, Ali. "The Swedish Rescue Service Agency’s implementation process : -A case study of SRSA: s implementation of public aid policy in international operations of 2006." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6789.
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Ribeiro, Mariana Wilson. "A importância das Agências de Internacionalização para as PME : o caso da AIP - CCI." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5908.
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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais<br>As agências de internacionalização desempenham cada vez mais um papel muito
importante no percurso das pequenas e médias empresas. Estas agências contribuem para a
vantagem competitiva das pequenas e médias empresas formando-as e preparando-as para
a sua entrada em mercados internacionais. Este trabalho pretende demonstrar a importância das agências de internacionalização através do exemplo prático de uma agência, a Associação Industrial Portuguesa – Câmara de Comércio e Indústria, das conclusões de autores especializados na temática da internacionalização de empresas e de estudos que caracterizam o perfil exportador das pequenas e médias empresas em Portugal. Após a análise do caso de estudo, artigos e dados estatísticos apresentados, este trabalho permite perceber de que forma as agências de internacionalização podem ter um contributo
importante junto de pequenas e médias empresas que determinem internacionalizarem-se através destas agências, bem como as mais valias inerentes à tomada deste passo por parte de uma empresa.<br>The internationalization support agencies play an increasingly important role in the
path of small and medium enterprises. These agencies contribute to the competitive
advantage of small and medium enterprises teaching and preparing them to entry into new
international markets. This paper discusses the importance of internationalization support agencies through the practical example of an agency, the Portuguese Industrial Association
- Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Through bibliographies by authors specialized in
the issue of the internationalization of firms and statistics that characterize the profile of exporting small and medium enterprises in Portugal. After analyzing the case study, articles and statistical data presented, this work allows us to see how the
internationalization support agencies may have an important contribution throughout the
small and medium enterprises that determined to internationalize themselves through these,
as well as the gains inherent by taking this step.
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Reichman, Julie. "PROCEDURES USED BY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES TO MONITOR AND MAINTAIN AMPLIFICATION SYSTEMS WORN BY HEARING IMPAIRED STUDENTS (AUDIOLOGY, HEARING AIDS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183968.
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Research evidence indicates that hearing aids and auditory trainers worn by school children routinely malfunction. Ensuring properly functioning amplification is a preferred educational practice and is required by PL 94-142 regulations. Research was needed to determine if schools were complying with the regulations and recommended educational procedures. This study described and evaluated procedures used by educational agencies to monitor and maintain amplification units worn by hearing-impaired students. Two examiner-developed survey intruments were mailed to residential and public day school teachers and administrators to collect data and answer 11 research questions pertaining to: (1) monitoring and maintenance procedures, (2) relationships between demographic, personnel, and placement characteristics and preferred monitoring and maintenance practices, and (3) monitoring and maintenance practices compared with a model of preferred practice. Personnel were surveyed in one residential school for the deaf in each state and a stratified random sample of 200 public day schools. A total of 310 (63%) surveys were returned from 164 (65.6%) administrators and 146 (58.4%) teachers. Results indicated that the majority of programs had some system of monitoring and maintaining amplification units, but only 54.1% (73) performed daily checks of hearing aids and 58.3% (67) performed daily checks of auditory trainers. Teachers in 76.9% of the sample reported that electroacoustic analysis was available as one part of audiologic evaluation, but not usually scheduled on a routine basis. Teachers were responsible for monitoring activities in over 75% of programs, regardless of the educational model: self-contained, resource, or itinerant. Significant positive relationships were found between (1) program size and one preferred monitoring and maintenance variable, (2) full-time audiologist and three preferred variables, (3) residential school placement and four preferred variables, (4) inservice training and three preferred variables, (5) full-time audiologist and program size and (6) full-time audiologist and residential school placement. These and additional findings suggest that while some improvement in monitoring and maintenance practices has occurred since the implementation of PL 94-142, full compliance by employing preferred professional practices has not been achieved. Recommendations are made for improving personnel preparation, monitoring and maintenance practices, and research.
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Dillière-Brooks, Stéphanie. "Les organisations humanitaires en quête d'un espace communicationnel : étude de cinq agences humanitaires francophones." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30042.
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Depuis la fin des années 90, le champ humanitaire vit une remise en question de sa légitimité, basée jusqu’alors sur une finalité indiscutable : l’aide aux plus démunis. Des changements exogènes comme endogènes ont eu un impact sur les institutions et poussent les principaux acteurs à tenter de définir un espace susceptible de protéger leurs actions. Dans des organisations où la communication est encore perçue comme un « mal » nécessaire, il apparaît difficile d’affronter ces nouveaux défis. A travers l’étude de cas de cinq structures humanitaires européennes, cette recherche vise à identifier les configurations prises par le triptyque de la légitimité, de l’identité et de la communication organisationnelle et à prouver l’importance d’un espace communicationnel mieux défini pour l’avenir<br>Since the end of the 90s, the legitimacy of the humanitarian sector is strongly challenged even if, to date, seemingly founded on an unquestionable goal: to alleviate the suffering of vulnerable persons. International aid institutions are subjected to exogenous as well as endogenous changes which are increasingly placing pressure on them to define a particular space for their actions. In these organisations, where the communication is still seen as a necessary ‘evil’, there is apparent difficulty in facing this new challenge. Through a case study of five leading European humanitarian actors, this research aims to identify the configurations of the triptych bounding legitimacy, identity and communication, as well as to prove the importance of a well defined communicational space for the future
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Ndiaye, Mody. "Les politiques de financement de l' Agence française de développement." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE0003.
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Cette thèse se donne comme objectif premier l'analyse du fonctionnement de l'Agence française de développement pour ce qui concerne les projets internationaux dans les pays en développement. Il s'agit de comprendre les techniques utilisées face à des ordres juridiques différents dans le cadre de l'aide au développement. Le partenariat personnes publiques et personnes privées intervenant tout au long de ces financements internationaux permet de comprendre la mise en oeuvre des projets de développement. L'objectif second procède à une évaluation de la politique d'aide dans les pays du tiers monde en mesurant l'impact réel sur les états bénéficiaires tout en démontrant les limites de l'action. Enfin l'étude se termine en dessinant de nouveaux paramètres pour l'aide au développement dans une perspective de développement durable.
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Skipper, Barbara Anne. "The Relationship between Desired Results and the Marketing Tools Used in Recreation Programming." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278932/.
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The purpose of this study was to compare two types of flyers used in the promotion of a recreational special event by a nonprofit agency. Informational and persuasive flyers were developed for an audience participation murder mystery play presented at Carswell Air Force Base near Fort Worth, Texas. Flyers were distributed throughout this military community. Only those individuals interested in attending a theatrical production registered for this program. A pretest and posttest were administered. Data were analyzed using Chi square goodness of fit tests, tests of proportions, and t-tests. Findings were: (a) persuasive flyers were more effective than the informational type in attracting potential patrons to register for an audience participation murder mystery play, (b) persuasive flyers were also more effective in attracting potential patrons to actually attend a murder mystery production, (c) however, persuasive flyers were not more effective in influencing the expectation or satisfaction of the patrons with the murder mystery production, and (d) neither type of flyer attracted patrons with any different demographic profiles who registered for or who attended this murder mystery production. In view of the findings of this study, the following recommendations for further study appear to be warranted: (a) further research on the use of flyers for advertising and marketing of recreational and leisure activities, programs and special events might be beneficial; (b) further research is also needed to validate that persuasive flyers are more effective in enticing the potential patron to register for and attend a recreation activity; and (c) more study is also required to see whether it is possible for flyers to influence patron expectation and satisfaction with a recreational program.
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Jones, Katharine. "The business of migration : the role of agencies in facilitating migration into the UK from Australia, the Philippines and Poland." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-business-of-migration-the-role-of-agencies-in-facilitating-migration-into-the-uk-from-australia-the-philippines-and-poland(73b2171d-2606-4912-a4dc-ec1e51dbb729).html.
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Almost 250 years ago, ‘gang-masters’ – those who mediated between rural employers and roving bands of migrant workers - were vividly brought to life within the pages of Marx’s Capital. By contrast the modern-day phenomenon of how paid-for labour market intermediaries – temporary staffing agencies and their rural ‘gangmaster’ counterparts – construct transnational workforces remains remarkably undocumented, let alone theorised. Similarly, although a burgeoning literature sheds light on the increasing privatisation of international migration flows, the precise role of profit-seeking ‘recruiters’ within a broader migration industry remains underexposed. This thesis explores how - and why - agencies recruited migrant workers from his or her home countries and placed them in temporary employment in the UK. In response to the apparent growing significance of temporary staffing agencies in facilitating migration into the UK from the EU8 countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as from beyond the EU, the research was funded by an ESRC CASE studentship. Evidence was gathered from qualitative interviews conducted with representatives of agencies in the UK, in Poland, the Philippines, and Australia, as well as with a range of respondents from government departments, labour organisations, regulatory bodies, and journalists in all four countries. The multi-scale fieldwork sites were selected in order to offer a comparative analysis of variable institutional and regulatory settings. Within the following pages I argue that agencies in both the origin countries, as well as in the UK, made markets in the recruitment and supply of temporary migrant workers; selling migration to recruits, and migrant workers to client employers in the process. Activities of agencies were highly embedded within the precise institutional and regulatory regime that resulted from the interaction between that in place in the origin country as well as that in the UK. The thesis seeks to contribute empirically and conceptually to a growing literature which exposes the behaviour of temporary staffing agencies within national labour markets as well as the migration industry literature which looks at the behaviour of actors which transport workers between national labour markets.
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Mercer, Lisa Marie. "Program Evaluation: A Federal Agency's Air Traffic Control Train-the-Trainer Program." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1855.
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In 2014, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) highlighted to the U.S. Senate the need to focus on air traffic control (ATC) training to meet job qualification and attrition rates within the career field. One U.S. Department of Defense military service assists the FAA in providing worldwide ATC services. This service is referred to as the agency throughout this paper to ensure confidentiality. The agency's ATC career field manager echoed the FAA's call for action in his 2014 Strategic/Action Plan. In August 2013, the agency's ATC trainer program was published. As of December 2015, the program had not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if the program facilitated the learning of critical ATC on-the-job training skills. An ad hoc expertise-oriented evaluation was conducted using the lenses of andragogy, experiential learning, and instructional system design (ISD). Purposeful sampling procedures were used to select 20 participants across the subgroups of supervisors, trainers, managers, and training developers from 7 focus sites. The semi-structured interviews queried 4 topical areas derived from Kirkpatrick's 4 levels of evaluation model. Data collected via documents and interviews were analyzed using descriptive, emotion, eclectic, and pattern coding. Key findings indicated that the program was not developed compliant with ISD principles and did not promote adult learning as endorsed by andragogy and experiential learning theory. The implications for positive social change include providing stakeholders with data needed to make evidence-based decisions regarding the current and future state of the program. The evaluation report project can be shared with the FAA, an agency partner, and has the potential to create a platform for improved training practices focusing on optimum and successful adult learning transactions.
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Iyiani, Christian, and n/a. "A case study of HIV/AIDS prevention in Nigeria : assessment and recommendations." University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080213.112805.
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This is a two-stage study of HIV/AIDS prevention. In Stage One, the study examines the HIV/AIDS approach of Western aid organisations (INGOs) and compares it to the lived realities of people who are most 'at risk', sex workers, unemployed street youth, and married low income families, in the poor migrant community of Ajegunle in Nigeria�s Lagos state. The study found that INGOs and their client NGOs emphasised Western medical models of HIV/AIDS for both intervention (e.g. testing and ARV drugs for management) and prevention (e.g. through education and behaviour change).
In contrast, among 'at-risk' groups, the study revealed a high degree of knowledge about the transmission of HIV/AIDS (contrary to Western medical assumptions), but also detected strong feelings of powerlessness in being able to address it. INGOs and their client organisations were operating at the levels of tertiary or curative and secondary or behaviour change prevention, whereas the views of the local 'at-risk people' indicated relevance of the primary prevention level, the social structural conditions of the people.
In analysing the results of the first stage of the study, the findings identified a process of 'talking past each other' by official aid agencies and those most at risk, thereby inhibiting effective prevention. The INGOs and NGOs used their financial power, based on the gross inequality in the world distribution of resources, to dictate their own agendas, omitting primary intervention and instead concentrating on secondary and tertiary prevention. The study suggests that new thinking about multi-sectoral responses with full community participation is necessary in order to engage in more effective preventive action.
The study then sought out alternative sources of power that might permit that to happen, notably the strengths of the local Ajegunle community. As a poor community, they lacked financial resources and human capital, such as skilled workers, but they had significant knowledge capital about their own circumstances and the realities people faced. The community also had considerable cultural capital and local organisations with considerable relational capital around community links, broad based support and commitment to such action.
This analysis suggests the need to identify and work through the power differentials using community development processes, especially seeking to empower local communities to take part in decision-making over prevention, if effective action is to take place. The process required is one of a negotiated, inclusive partnerships for sharing information, experience, and decision-making, involving all the relevant stakeholders - the International Organisations (INGOs), National NGOs, Community Groups and the community itself.
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Ferreira, Lurdes de Jesus Fernandes. "Análise de impacto regulatório (AIR) : instrumento de reforma na regulação do ambiente e da energia." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1621.
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Mestrado em Economia e Politica da Energia e do Ambiente<br>A regulação tem crescido assim como cresce o seu impacto na economia e na sociedade. Teoricamente geradora de benefícios para a economia e para a sociedade, a regulação tem, porém, custos. A necessidade de se apurarem com algum rigor os seus benefícios e custos tem-se evidenciado, em particular, a partir dos anos 90. A OCDE insiste, desde então, na adopção da análise do impacto regulatório por parte dos governos e das instituições reguladoras, de modo a construírem evidência empírica que sirva de suporte às decisões de política, de forma mais transparente, responsável e com um elevado grau de escrutínio público. A análise custo-benefício é a ferramenta mais generalizada desse processo, em grande parte devido ao papel que tem desempenhado nos EUA, enquanto a UE, mais atrasada, reflectindo a sua complexidade institucional, tem tido uma abordagem mais abrangente com preocupações de desenvolvimento sustentável. A aplicação de critérios de eficiência e eficácia às medidas regulatórias, recorrendo nomeadamente à quantificação/monetização dos custos e benefícios associados é um desafio gradual e que implica, ele próprio, um caminho de reforma regulatória. É um caminho que Portugal tem tardado a fazer. Através do caso da regulação na energia e ambiente, verifica-se que a adopção de práticas de AIR é ainda não sistemática e parcial. Em muitos casos não é feita uma avaliação das diferentes medidas regulatórias e, quando se faz, nem sempre é seguida uma metodologia clara de análise dos custos e benefícios. Por outro lado, a realização de consultas públicas tornou parte do processo mais acessível à sociedade, mas muita informação continua a não circular, problema importante em matérias como as de política ambiental. Trata-se de uma área de crescente exposição pública interna e internacional, em que há bastante a fazer em Portugal, apesar do que parece ser a boa vontade e voluntarismo de algumas administrações públicas com competências de regulação.<br>The number of regulations has increased and so has been its economic and social impact. In theory, regulation produces benefits to economy and society, however it generates costs, too. There’s increasing evidence too that benefits and costs of regulation should be calculated with more rigorous methods, specially since the 90’s. OECD has been promoting since then the adoption of regulatory impact analysis by governments and agencies, so they can achieve empirical evidence that helps them to conduct decision-making process in a more transparent, accountable way and with a high public scrutiny level. The cost-benefit analysis is the most known regulatory impact approach, mainly due to its role in the USA. EU has started later, reflecting its institutional complexity, and has been developing a different model that includes sustainable development priorities. Applying efficiency and effectiveness criteria to regulations, leading to quantification/ monetarization of costs and benefits, is the challenge of a regulatory reform. Portugal is delayed for that task. The regulatory agencies performance in environment and energy sectors shows there is still a unsystematic and partial practice of RIA. In many cases, there isn’t a calculation of different regulations, neither a clear analysis methodology of costs and benefits. Public consultation made part of the process more accessible to society, but information still not flow, which is an important problem in areas like environmental policy. It´s a subject of growing domestic and international public exposure, with much to do in Portugal, although the apparent interest and goodwill of some public regulatory agencies.
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Jain, Julija. "The therapists' perspective on the impacts and coping strategies of counselling adult survivors of sexual abuse within specialised agencies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2019. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-therapists-perspective-on-the-impacts-and-coping-strategies-of-counselling-adult-survivors-of-sexual-abuse-within-specialised-agencies(1409c7cd-1aa4-4016-b127-90e30d97bb89).html.
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Background: Sexual abuse is a highly distressing traumatic experience that negatively affects the lives of sexual abuse survivors. The number of individuals who reported sexual abuse has increased, which makes it a public and global concern. As a result, survivors of sexual abuse turn to counselling to cope with the traumatic impacts. Counsellors, psychotherapists, and psychologists engage in deep and meaningful explorations of the sexual abuse in order to support survivors. However, very little is known about the impacts and coping strategies involved in this type of work. Objectives: The objective of this study, therefore, was to explore the experiences of UK-based counselling professionals who counsel survivors of sexual abuse. The research questions were as follows: 1. What is the impact of counselling survivors of sexual abuse? and 2. What self-care strategies and coping techniques have been beneficial when counselling survivors of sexual abuse? Method: An inductive qualitative design was used for the purposes of this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve UK-based counselling professionals who provided counselling to individuals who had experienced sexual abuse. The collected data were then analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: The themes developed from the first research question revealed a number of ways in which counselling survivors of sexual abuse affected counselling professionals. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: work-related impacts, impacts on personal wellbeing and relationship impacts. These themes encompassed a total of fourteen sub-themes. Another two main themes were developed when exploring participants' self-care techniques and coping strategies: holistic self-care and work environment selfcare. Both of these main themes incorporated twelve more sub-themes. These are introduced and outlined in depth in turn. Conclusions: This research has provided a unique insight into the impacts and coping strategies of UK-based counselling professionals working with survivors of sexual abuse. The findings suggest that the counsellors experienced a number of negative impacts, some of which were perceived as traumatic in nature. Further, the impacts were not limited to the counsellors themselves; partners, children, extended family, and friends were also affected by the work. Such far-reaching impacts of sexual trauma have not been sufficiently explored previously. Contrary to the negative tendencies expressed in the research literature, some of the findings indicate positive aspects, such as high job satisfaction and evolved personal growth. The findings of this study provide a rare insight into the useful self-care techniques and copings strategies specific for counselling survivors of sexual abuse. Although the strategies are similar to those used in other areas of counselling, they emphasize organisational and educational responsibilities to support counsellors' wellbeing. Suggestions are proposed for research, educational, organisational, and ethical developments.
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Inamori, Takao. "An exploration into managerial perception and its influence on performance in cross cultural setting : the case of Japan International Cooperation Agency's support for development." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4890.
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There is a wealth of studies which suggest that manager's positive perceptions/expectations can considerably influence organisational performance; unfortunately, little empirical evidence has been obtained from development studies. This first time research explores how Japanese aid workers' perceptions towards the local staff affects their behaviour and performance in cross-cultural project settings. Moreover, this research focuses on the perceptual and behavioural trait differences of successful and unsuccessful aid workers. With cooperation from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), 244 valid responses were obtained from the aid workers (managers) through a webbased survey. As a result of statistical analysis, positive causal relationships were confirmed between perception related factors and behaviour related factors and the organisational performance variable. These results strongly suggest that aid worker's positive perceptions result in positive behaviour in local colleagues and subsequently higher organisational performance. In addition, it was discovered that the aid workers' positive perception/expectation about work and their local colleagues was related to higher organisational performance, whilst conversely, the negative perception on their part was generally associated with negative behaviour and lower organisational performance.Although the differences in perceptual tendencies suggested by that these findings apply to Japanese aid managers; however, as human nature is universal, positive perception and behaviour should bring out positive output in most organisations. It is recommended that there is a need for people-related and cross-cultural management skills to ensure successful future activities, and stress management competencies to maintain positive managerial perception on the part of aid workers.
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CEDERCRANTZ, JAKOB. "Försäljning av flygbiljetter över internet : En studie om hur Scandinavian Airlines skulle kunna öka försäljningen av flygbiljetter via internet." Thesis, KTH, Industriell marknadsföring, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149248.
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Under de senare åren har försäljningen av flygbiljetter och hotell på internet ökat. Det har tillkommit många nya företag som etablerats som internetresebyråer. Företagen har tagit marknadsandelar från flygbolagens egna försäljningskanaler vilket har gjort att flygbolagen tappat kontakten med kunderna. Detta medför att flygbolagen får svårare att veta hur deras kunder reser och de kan heller inte få kontakt med dem om det händer något oförutsett. Syftet med denna rapport är att identifiera vilka parametrar som styr kunden att välja var flygbiljetten ska bokas och på det viset kunna ta fram förslag på konkreta förbättringsåtgärder som skulle kunna göra SAS hemsida till en mer konkurrenskraftig försäljningskanal. För att uppfylla målet med denna studie har en marknadsundersökning gjorts bland passagerare på Arlanda flygplats. Undersökningen var i form av en muntligt framförd enkät där samma frågor ställdes till flera utrikesresande under olika dagar och tider i veckan. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att många kunder har låg lojalitet på internet. Valet av vilken aktör som kunderna väljer att boka sin flygbiljett beror oftast på priset. Av de respondenter som bokade sin flygbiljett hos en internetresebyrå gjorde 44 % det på en sida de aldrig bokat på förut. Respondenterna upplever dessutom ofta att det är billigare att boka sin flygbiljett på internetresebyråer och känner inget extra värde i att boka på SAS hemsida. Detta utgör ett visst hot mot SAS men samtidigt skapas möjligheter att utveckla och anpassa sidan efter kundens behov. En sambandsanalys visar att säkerheten att betala, snabbheten och enkelheten att boka en flygbiljett är de parametrar som ökar helhetsintrycket på sidan. SAS har ett lojalitetsprogram som kallas för EuroBonus där resenärer får poäng varje gång de reser med flygbolaget. Det senaste året har den Amerikanska internetresebyrån Expedia lanserat ett lojalitetsprogram. Kunderna som bokar sin SAS‐biljett på Expedia får både SAS Eurobonuspoäng och lojalitetspoäng som de kan utnyttja på Expedias hemsida. Dessa tjänster utgör ett hot mot SAS hemsida och försäljningen där kan minska om inte SAS utvecklar sitt Eurobonusprogram så att de kunder som handlar där får extra Eurobonuspoäng. SAS vill att de resenärer som åker med dem bokar sin flygbiljett på deras hemsida. De vill även att deras hemsida ska ge kunderna ett bra helhetsintryck av att vara en enkel plats att boka flygresor på. För att uppnå detta behöver de få mer information om kundernas bokningsbeteende. Slutsatserna av denna rapport är att SAS bör öka värdet för kunden i att boka sin flygbiljett på deras hemsida. De skulle till exempel kunna utveckla sitt lojalitetsprogram EuroBonus så att de kunder som bokar på hemsidan får extra bonuspoäng. De kan också satsa på att ha korta kampanjer med få destinationer under en begränsad tid. På grund utav tidsbegränsningen skulle det vara svårt för de personer som letar efter de billigaste biljetterna på en internetresebyrå att hitta dessa kampanjer. Det i sin tur skulle innebära att kunderna då måste besöka SAS hemsida. Är priserna tillräckligt attraktiva så kan SAS hemsida uppfattas som den billigaste kanalen i framtiden.<br>During the last few years, the airplane ticket sales have increased substantially. A lot of new companies have joined the market and established themselves as online travel agencies. The agencies have taken a significant market share from the airline company which has resulted in the airline companies loosing a lot of the consumer contact they used to have. The purpose of this report is to identify what parameters it is that lead the customers to choose where to buy airline tickets and by doing so be able to find ways to make SAS website more competitive. To fulfill the purpose of the report a face‐to‐face market survey has been done among passengers at Arlanda Airport. The survey has been performed all days of the week at several different times of the day. The result of the survey shows that many Internet customers are very disloyal and that the choice of channel mainly depends on the price. Out of the respondents who booked their ticket at an online travel agency 44% did it on a page they never booked at before. The respondents often feel that it is cheaper to book a flight on an online travel agency and do not feel any extra value in booking on the SAS website. This information can be seen as a threat to SAS but also as an opportunity to develop and customize the website to suit customer needs. A correlation analysis shows that the payment security, speed and simplicity of booking an airline ticket are the top parameters that increase the overall impression of the page. SAS has a loyalty program called EuroBonus where travelers get points every time they travel with the airline. This last year the American Internet travel agency Expedia has launched a loyalty program. Customers who book their SAS ticket at Expedia receive both SAS EuroBonus points and loyalty points to use at the Expedia website. These kinds of services can be seen as a threat and might lead to SAS falling behind in sales and even lose customers unless they join the trend and develop their loyalty programs on their own website. SAS would like the travelers flying with them to book the flight at their website. They also want the website to make a good impression being satisfying and easy to use when buying airplane tickets. To make this happen they need more information about the booking habits of their customers. The findings of this report is that SAS should add value for the customer who book their ticket on the SAS website. They could for example develop the Eurobonus loyalty program so that customers who book tickets on the website get extra bonus points. SAS can also try having short campaigns with only a few destinations during a limited period. Because of the time limitation it would be difficult for those who are searching for the cheapest tickets at an online travel agency to find these campaigns. This would mean that costumers will have to visit the SAS website. If the prices are attractive enough the SAS website might be perceived as the least expensive channel in the future.
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Granzow, Cortés Herman. "Creación de un plan de negocios para agencia de valores que opere en el MILA: -Andean Integrated Investments (AII)-." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132159.
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Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento hasta el 8/5/2020.<br>Magíster en Gestión para la Globalización<br>En este trabajo de Tesis se desarrolla un Plan de Negocios para analizar la factibilidad de comenzar un emprendimiento que se base en la arquitectura financiera del MILA. Este emprendimiento se denomina Andean Integrated Investments (AII) y consiste en crear una agencia de valores que se dedique a la administración de activos de terceros que invierta en acciones pertenecientes al Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA). Los países que actualmente componen el MILA son Chile, Perú y Colombia y donde se integrará a finales del año 2014 México.
La motivación de realizar este negocio viene dado porque existe un segmento de mercado que no se encuentra bien atendido, el cual es principalmente el de inversionistas con ingresos medios-alto (sobre $1.000.000), donde su oferta de productos de inversión se encuentra principalmente compuesta por FFMM, cuentas de AFP y compañías de seguro. Se les ofrecerá a estos inversionistas poder invertirles sus ahorros en instrumentos accionarios de los países que componen el MILA los cuáles presenta un perfil de retornos superior al ofrecido por los otros productos de inversión y a un menor costo (reflejado en una comisión por administración menor).
La metodología usada para desarrollar este trabajo comenzó analizando primeramente en qué país MILA comenzar el emprendimiento. Con un sencillo modelo que utilizó variables económicas y financieras para realizar la discriminación, se concluyó que el mejor lugar para comenzar era Chile. Posterior, se analizó el mercado del ahorro en Chile específicamente el del APV con el fin de estimar el mercado potencial así como también las características del mercado respecto a retorno entregado a cliente y cobros realizados. Con el fin de analizar y evaluar la proyección de este emprendimiento se realizó un análisis FODA así también se desarrolló la metodología de negocios Canvas que posteriormente se usó para estructurar el modelo de negocios que el emprendimiento poseerá. Con base a lo anterior, se creó el Plan Estratégico, Operacional, de RRHH y Marketing para llevar a cabo el emprendimiento.
En la evaluación financiera realizada mediante el Método de Valorización de Nuevas Empresas (MVNE), considerando un horizonte de 5 años y una tasa de descuento de 17,01% se encuentra que el emprendimiento genera un VPN del flujo de caja de $221.336.978 junto con una TIR cercana al 30%, lo cual implica que el emprendimiento posee una interesante oportunidad de inversión y la recomendación es que debería realizarse.
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Sapp, Carlton M. "Advocacy strategies and Medicaid reform : a descriptive look at the characteristics of agencies that engage in advocacy strategies to pos[i]tively affect Medicaid reform policies for persons with HIV/AIDS /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488193272067163.
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Andrianarijemisa, Princess Lilia. "L'ACDI et les principes de l'efficacité de l'aide bilatérale au secteur éducatif du Sénégal et du Mali." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26043.
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Ce travail de mémoire aborde en premier lieu la manière dont les principes de l’appropriation, de l’alignement et de l’harmonisation du Comité d’Aide de l’Organisation de Coopération et de Développement économiques ont influé sur les discours de l’Agence Canadienne de Développement International (ACDI) durant la période 2006 à 2012, c’est-à-dire après l’adoption de la Déclaration de Paris sur l’efficacité de l’aide de 2005. Il se rattache ensuite à la manière dont ces principes ont été appliqués au sein de l’aide bilatérale du Canada au secteur éducatif de quelques pays francophones de l’Afrique de l’Ouest comme le Sénégal et le Mali. En recourant à deux disciplines (Science politique et Sciences de l’Administration) nous avons d’une part, analysé l’influence des normes internationales (les principes de l’efficacité de l’aide) sur les discours de l’ACDI, et d’autre part, procédé à l’étude de la manière dont cette agence a géré ses projets de développement dans les deux pays africains qui ont été sélectionnés pour cette recherche.
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Touré, Fodé Saliou. "L’appui du Canada au processus de gouvernance démocratique au Mali (2006 – 2012) - Motivations ambiguës et résultats mitigés." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35012.
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Cette thèse est une contribution à la réflexion du rôle dynamique du Canada dans le soutien international au développement démocratique. Elle dresse un bilan des actions menées, entre 2006 et 2012, par l’Agence canadienne de développement international (ACDI), principal organe d’aide du Canada, en appui à la gouvernance démocratique au Mali, pays de concentration de l’aide canadienne. Elle soutient que les motivations de la coopération canadienne au Mali sont ambiguës et que les résultats sont mitigés. Les progrès accomplis ces dernières années ont été fragilisés par les conséquences de la crise sécuritaire et politique de 2012 et la suspension de l’aide bilatérale canadienne a compromis l’évolution dynamique de ses projets. La démarche analytique combine une approche constructiviste critique avec une analyse inductive pour l’interprétation des motivations ambiguës et des résultats mitigés obtenus. L’étude a été conduite au moyen d'analyses documentaires et d'entretiens semi-directifs approfondis auprès d’une dizaine de personnes ressources.
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Sow, Aminata. "L'énonciation de la politique d'aide de l'ACDI : comparaison des énoncés de 1987 et de 2002." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25158/25158.pdf.
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Laberge, Pierre-Alexandre. "L'ACDI et l'alignement de l'aide étrangère canadienne : le cas de l'aide alimentaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27181.
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Les critiques ont été nombreuses suite à la fusion de l'Agence canadienne de développement international (ACDI) au ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Commerce international (MAECI) en mars 2013. Selon plusieurs, la perte d'autonomie de l'ACDI allait transformer l'aide canadienne d'une aide altruiste vers une aide teintée par les intérêts nationaux. La présente recherche se penche sur la première partie de cette affirmation. C'est-à-dire qu'elle vérifie dans quelle mesure l'aide canadienne était altruiste sous la tutelle de l'ACDI lorsque celle-ci était semi-indépendante. Pour ce faire, la recherche étudie l'influence de différents facteurs sur l'allocation de l'aide alimentaire canadienne de 1988 à 2012. En plus de tester les indicateurs habituellement avancés dans la littérature, nous analysons l'influence de nouvelles variables omises par celle-ci, ainsi que certaines variables uniques au cas canadien. À l'aide d'un modèle binomial-négatif à effet aléatoire, nous trouvons que l'allocation de l'aide alimentaire canadienne répond à un calcul stratégique tenant compte à la fois des besoins humanitaires et de la gouvernance des pays récipiendaires ainsi que des intérêts économiques et politiques du Canada. En fait, nous remarquons qu'en situation d'urgence, le Canada est moins regardant de la situation politique et économique des pays récipiendaires, se concentrant plutôt sur les besoins de ceux-ci. Par contre, lorsqu'il utilise son aide plus lente et prévue à l'avance, les intérêts nationaux sont davantage pris en compte.
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Garbe, Emmanuelle. "La construction des carrières dans une perspective agence/structure : une étude de la construction des carrières humanitaires dans le cadre de la professionnalisation du secteur nonprofit." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100153.
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La théorie des carrières présente la carrière comme un phénomène socialement construit encadré par des normes d’ordre pratique et des représentations symboliques. Peu de travaux cependant ont cherché à comprendre comment ces normes et ces représentations étaient construites. Notre thèse propose de répondre à cette question en étudiant le processus de construction des carrières. Considérant la carrière dans une logique de dualité, elle étudie plus particulièrement les rôles de l’action individuelle et de la structure sociale dans la construction des règles et des représentations encadrant les carrières. Pour ce faire, elle mobilise le cadre théorique des scripts de carrière et le cadre empirique du secteur humanitaire, où les règles et les représentations de la carrière sont en cours de définition. Notre thèse montre que les systèmes de règles et les représentations des carrières humanitaires sont encapsulés au sein de trois scripts de carrière humanitaire et met en évidence comment les travailleurs humanitaires et les ONG, engagés dans une relation d’influence mutuelle, participent au développement et aux changements de ces scripts. Notre thèse retrace ainsi le processus de construction des carrières humanitaires jusqu’à aujourd’hui et met en évidence les enjeux relatifs à la poursuite de ce processus dans le futur<br>Career theory presents careers as a social phenomenon based on norms and symbolic representations. Few papers have, however, questioned how these norms and representations are built. The aim of this thesis is to answer this question by studying the process of career construction. Arguing for career duality, we propose to understand career construction, and the norms and representations on which they are based as the result of an interplay between individual action and social structure. The thesis is based on a particular theoretical framework, the career script concept and on a particular empirical framework, the humanitarian sector, where career rules and representations are still emerging. We suggest that humanitarian careers rules and representations are encapsulated within three humanitarian career scripts and shows that humanitarian workers and NGOs influence the development of these scripts through a recursive relationship. This thesis analyses the current humanitarian career construction process and highlights some challenges that may affect the continuation of this process
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Correia, Vincent. "L’Union européenne et l’ordre international de l’aviation civile : la contribution de l'Union européenne aux évolutions contemporaines du droit aérien international." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40050.
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La redéfinition des conditions d’exercice de la souveraineté aérienne des États membres, par un transfert progressif de compétences au profit de l’Union européenne, ne peut être analysée uniquement en termes de dépossession et de réduction de leur puissance individuelle. Les compétences aériennes confiées à l’Union permettent l’affirmation de l’ensemble européen sur la scène internationale. Ce processus, mouvant et encore inachevé, se traduit par une prise en compte accrue de la spécificité européenne en matière d’aviation civile. Malgré des réticences certaines émanant aussi bien des États membres que des États tiers, l’Union s’érige progressivement au rang d’acteur de poids, capable d’influencer le contenu normatif du droit aérien contemporain, de la même manière que le font les puissances aériennes traditionnelles et notamment les États-Unis. Ces nouvelles tendances, révélatrices de la souplesse et de la plasticité de la convention de Chicago, permettent de dresser des perspectives quant aux possibles évolutions futures de l’ordre international de l’aviation civile<br>The way in which the Member States have redefined the conditions regarding how they exercise their air sovereignty, by progressively transferring power to the European Union, cannot be viewed solely as them removing and reducing their individual powers. The powers conferred to the European Union in aviation matters are resulting in an affirmation of the international role of Europe as a whole. This on-going, and as yet incomplete process, may be seen in a greater recognition of the specific European aspect regarding Civil Aviation. In spite of the hesitance of Member States and non-member States, the European Union has progressively taken its place among the key players, able to influence developments in modern aviation law, in the same way as other established aviation authorities and especially the United States. These new trends reveal the flexibility and elasticity of the Chicago Convention and the potential future developments in International Civil Aviation
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Shapiro, Ruth Amy. "Decision-making in development assistance donor agencies the case of U.S. AID and JICA /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37018355.html.
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