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Academic literature on the topic 'Agrumes – Fléaux – La Réunion (France ; île)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agrumes – Fléaux – La Réunion (France ; île)"
Houillon, Ismaël. "Modélisation du paysage agricole et inférence du risque pour l'accompagnement des réseaux d'épidémiosurveillance : application au paysage agrumicole réunionnais." Thesis, La Réunion, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LARE0014.
Full textPlant disease surveillance is a major food safety issue. Although surveillance methods have been greatly improved in the last decade, especially with risk-based surveillance, implementing effective surveillance is not obvious in some regions. Reunion Island is an excellent example of such territories where organizing plant disease surveillance is a challenge due to its position as a DROM, with a very heterogeneous landscape and limited resources. Since 2012, Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter, is re-emerging in citrus orchards in Reunion Island and the state services have to organize the surveillance of a fragmented, heterogeneous citrus landscape and this taking into account local policies. We will show here the methods developed to improve the knowledge of the landscape, and thus better understand the potential epidemiological pathways. The approach of photo-interpretation of satellite images and field confirmation has allowed to consolidate the existing incomplete database. We will also show how risk-based surveillance can guide sampling. In the context of HLB surveillance in Reunion, a list of the most connected orchards was used to target sampling of areas most likely to be epidemiological nodes. We were able to show through learning algorithms that elevation and connectivity are variables of major importance in explaining the health status of citrus. Furthermore, the involvement of home gardens in the epidemic was highlighted, supporting the fact that the surveillance of the agricultural compartment alone was not sufficient. An evaluation of the surveillance system was also carried out using the OASIS method. This allowed us to highlight the good functioning of the core of the surveillance chain, despite the fact that positions in the central organization need to be defined and communication with the general public needs to be improved
Bastide, Alain. "Hoplocheclus marginalis fairmaire, parasite de la canne à sucre." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU32045.
Full textAkbaraly-Vally, Nourbanou. "Étude d'une polyédrose cytoplasmique chez le foreur ponctué de la canne à sucre Chilo sacchariphagus Boj. à La Réunion." Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20003.
Full textRassaby, Laurence. "Le syndrome de la feuille jaune de la canne à sucre causé par le Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) à la Réunion : caractérisation et impact." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_15_Rassaby.pdf.
Full textMonnier, Éric. "Contribution à l'étude épidémiologique de Xanthomonas campestris pathovar citri (X. C. Pv. C. ) (Hasse, 1915, Dowson, 1939) Dye, 1978 : agent causal du chancre citrique dans le cadre de l'ile de la Réunion." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112337.
Full textReunion island, where our work took place, is the only french citrus aera where citrus canker occurs. This disease is caused by a bacterium: Xanthomonas campestris pathovar citri (X. C. Pv. C. ). The aim of the present study was a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease, so, we have, first, researched a reliable detection and identification method of the causal agent on contaminated host tissues. The biochemical and cytological study of seventy-nine strains of X. C. Pv. C. Showed hydrolysis and assimilation of starch and opening the B-lactam cycle of some antibiotics as constant properties of all the strains. That lead us to develop the semi-selective medium L. P. A’. A. Which hinders the development of saprophytic bacteria. Its use combinated with a complementary bank of seventeen bioassays allows a good identification of the causal agent. During the epidemiological study, we have checked the infection took place, in young leaves, specially by wounds. Nevertheless, no ground inhibitor of X. C. Pv. C. Has been discovered in some resistant host parts. Four stages have been described in the symptom evolution and the appearance of the two first seems to be in relation with host sensibility. The diameter of lesions, observed on the same host and in a given aera, does not show difference of aggressivity between several strains. That would be better express by the total number of lesions. On the tree, the disease progress from bottom to top of the young twig and strong winds have an effect upon its spread in an orchard. Orchard spaying comparative assays with some chemicals do not yield satisfying results to contain the disease. However, sodium hypochlorite remains a good surface desinfectant and its application on fruits avoids the post-harvest spread of X. C. Pv. C
Lebeau, Aurore. "Résistance de la tomate, l'aubergine et le piment à Ralstonia solanacearum : interactions entre les géniteurs de résistance et la diversité bactérienne, caractérisation et cartographie des facteurs génétiques impliqués chez l'aubergine." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752358.
Full textKoyyappurath, Sayuj. "Étude histo-pathologique et moléculaire de la résistance des vanilliers (Vanilla spp., Orchidaceae) à Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-vanillae, agent de la pourriture des racines et des tiges." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0008/document.
Full textVanilla is a high value cash crop that is continuously demanded by the agri-food and cosmetics industries for its incomparable flavor. Most of vanilla comes from the cured fruits of V. planifolia G. Jackson, a hemi-epiphytic climbing orchid cultivated in the humid tropics. In all the countries were it is cultivated, the vanilla vines suffer from a root and stem rot (RSR) caused by the soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum which dramatically reduces plant production and the durability of plantations. No efficient control method is currently available for this disease. Sources of genetic resistance to RSR exist in few vanilla relatives, but so far no commercial resistant variety has been produced. The purpose of this thesis was to better describe the diversity and histopathology of the causal agent of RSR and to evaluate the potential sources of genetic resistance that could be used in breeding programs. In a first step, a collection of 377 single-spored Fusarium isolates recovered from rotten roots and stems during surveys conducted in 52 vanilla plots from Reunion Island, Madagascar and French Polynesia were characterised. Representative subsets of isolates were genotyped using the Elongation Factor 1α and Intergenic Spacer gene sequences. Their pathogenicity was assayed by root dip inoculation on the susceptible V. planifolia accession pla0001. Results showed that F. oxysporum was the principal species responsible for the disease in the field, although a few F. solani isolates showing slight pathogenicity were also isolated. Fusarium oxysporum isolates were highly polyphyletic regardless of geographic origin or pathogenicity. Remarkably, their pathogenicity varied in gradient between non- pathogenic (about 42% of isolates) to highly pathogenic (14%). In a second step, 254 vanilla accessions comprising 18 species and six types of hybrids were assessed for resistance to RSR in the field (natural inoculum) and in the lab (in-vitro plants inoculated with Fo072). The strong resistance to RSR of all V. pompona accessions and hybrids of V. planifolia X V. pompona or V. phaeantha, were confirmed, and novel sources of resistance to RSR were added including, V. bahiana, V. costariciensis and V. crenulata. Most of the V. planifolia accessions, V. ×tahitensis and V. odorata were susceptible to RSR. However, three inbreeds of V. planifolia showed a high level of resistance to Forv. To our knowledge this is the first report of resistance to RSR in V. planifolia accessions. For the 26 accessions evaluated in both conditions, a strong correlation was observed between long term (9 years) evaluation in the field and ratings on in-vitro plants at 15dpi. Thirdly, we monitored by wide field and multiphoton microscopy the root infection process and the responses of one susceptible accession (V. planifolia pla0001) and two resistant accessions (V. planifolia pla0020 and V. pompona pom0018) to challenge inoculation with the severe isolate Fo072. In the compatible interaction (Fo072 – pla0001) invasion started from penetration of hyphae emitted from germinated conidia in the hairy region of root rapidly colonizing the cortex but never expanded to the vascular bundles up to the 9th dpi. It was therefore suggested to prefix the forma specialis name of the causal agent of RSR with radicis to point out its non-vascular pathogenicity in vanilla. In the two incompatible interactions, the important role played by hypodermis cells for impeding the invasion of the cortex by Fo072 was demonstrated by specific staining and spectral analysis of lignin precursors. Both constitutive and pathogen induced defense mechanism were described in pla0020 and pom0018. The mechanisms included the deposition of lignin in the hypodermal cell wall, entrapment of hyphae in specific hypodemal cells and polyphenolics secretion in intercellular spaces. Further, a de novo transcriptome analysis was experimentedon 8 pooled samples