Journal articles on the topic 'Agronomic diagnosis'
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Merot, Anne, Aurélie Metay, Nathalie Smits, and Marie Thiollet-Scholtus. "Adaptation of the regional agronomic diagnosis for grapevine yield analysis." OENO One 56, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.1.4568.
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Yield issues are crucial for winegrowers. In France, yield is often lower than winegrowers’ objectives, and there is a need to understand the causes and magnitude of yield variability in vineyard systems. The yield formation process for grapevine (Vitis vinifera) takes place over two consecutive years. Grapevine is also characterised by a limited control of phenology, a winter dormancy period and the existence of storage organs. We adapted the regional agronomic diagnosis approach as defined by Doré et al. (1997) to quantify grapevine yield variability in two complementary case studies. The regional agronomic diagnosis proved useful in acquiring knowledge on grapevine functioning, reflecting on the data collection strategy, and leveraging interventions to better control yield by integrating multiple factors, particularly in the context of transitioning viticulture systems. Furthermore, the successful application of a regional agronomic diagnosis to grapevine crops can be considered as a major contribution to increasing the understanding of yield formation. It helps winegrowers manage yield variability when addressing planned or unplanned changing conditions, such as an agroecological transition or climate change.
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Doré, Thierry, Cathy Clermont-Dauphin, Yves Crozat, Christophe David, Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, Chantal Loyce, David Makowski, Eric Malézieux, Jean-Marc Meynard, and Muriel Valantin-Morison. "Methodological progress in on-farm regional agronomic diagnosis. A review." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 28, no. 1 (March 2008): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2007031.
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Silva, Anderson Samuel, João Paulo de Farias Ramos, Edson Mauro Santos, Rubens Fernandes Costa, Valdemir Ribeiro Cavalcante, Kilmer Oliveira Soares, Raniere de Sá Paulino, and Ana Cecilia Muniz. "Agronomic characteristics and radicular diagnosis of tropical poaceae cultivars by image processing." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n5.a391.
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This study aimed to analyze and compare the agronomiccharacteristics and development of the root system through digital image processing of different cultivars of tropical grasses of Brachiaria and Panicum genera. The experiment was carried out at an experimental station of the Research, Rural extension and land regularization company of Paraiba –EMPAER in Alagoinha -PB, in a rainfed agriculture system. Through June 2019 to 45 days after sowing, the grasses were cut for aerial part evaluation (biomass composition, forage yield, root system (volume and surface area) of the cultivars Mombaça, Tamani, Zuri, Massai, Piatã and Ipyporã. Occurred difference between cultivars for all variables analyzed, except for the leaf-stem ratio. The cv. Mombaça presented the best agronomic and root results, being the one that best adapted the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region. On the other hand, Ipyporã was the least expressive for forage yield and water efficiency. Through root image processing, a diagnosis is possible that reflects the forage yield of the genera Brachiariasp. and Panicumsp.
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Byerlee, Derek, Bernard Triomphe, and Michel Sebillotte. "Integrating Agronomic and Economic Perspectives into the Diagnostic Stage of On-farm Research." Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 2 (April 1991): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018767.
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SummaryCrop production surveys, which integrate the collection of data on both agronomic and economic variables, are increasingly common in on-farm research. A conceptual framework for designing and analysing such surveys is provided. Methodological issues in conducting crop production surveys are reviewed with respect to type of information collected, level of field observation, degree of quantification, frequency of observation, sampling, measurement of yields and yield components, and analysis of yield limiting factors. It is concluded that, while better integration of agronomic and economic perspectives in diagnosis may increase costs, the information and analysis obtained have considerable potential to improve the efficiency of experimentation.
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Costa, Romualdo Medeiros Cortez, Leilson Costa Grangeiro, Francisco das Chagas Gonçalves, Elizangela Cabral dos Santos, José Francismar de Medeiros, Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá, Dalbert de Freitas Pereira, Luiz Henrique de Araujo Carmo, and Bruna de Paiva Souza. "Agronomic Biofortification and Yield of Beet Fertilization with Zinc." Agronomy 13, no. 6 (May 28, 2023): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061491.
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Agronomic biofortification is a technique that helps reduce hidden hunger worldwide. Zinc (Zn) is important for human health and essential for plant development and growth. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of fertilization with Zn on agronomic performance and the agronomic biofortification of beet. Two experiments were conducted at the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, belonging to the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid, in Mossoró-RN. Each experiment was designed in complete randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of Zn doses (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg ha−1). Zn fertilization did not affect the total and non-commercial yield of beet; however, the dose of 6.0 kg ha−1 of Zn promoted maximum commercial yield (20.34 t ha−1). At the maximum dose, higher Zn content was also observed in the nutritional status diagnosis leaf and higher Zn accumulation was found in the leaf, tuberous root, and throughout the plant. There was also an effect on postharvest variables. There was only tuberous root biofortification in 2021. The recommended dose in beet cultivation is 6.0 kg ha−1 of Zn.
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Reyes, Luz M., Orlando Martinez, and Nubia Martinez. "409 Reintroduction and in Situ Conservation of `Chococito' Maize Race in Anchicaya River, Buenaventura, Colombia." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 463D—463. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.463d.
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Variability of `chococito' maize cultivars (Zea mays L.), have been decreased in the Anchicaya river area, because new crops were established there. Process of recuperation, promotion, and conservation under in situ and ex situ conditions were proposed to the community of the area. Using participatory research methodologies, memory and uses were recuperated for four varieties through the Exchange Seed Interchange Fund (ESIF), established just for maize. The study was carried out in two components: social and agronomic. The social component was development in three phases: i) diagnosis; ii) establishment of the ESIF, and iii) socialization. The agronomic characterization was performed with members of the community through the development of the crop. Twenty-six variables, both quantitative and qualitative, were registered. The cultivars were appropriated for extreme conditions of the Anchicaya river area, high temperatures (30 °C) and high level of precipitation (6000 mm/year). During the process of cropping, it was found that the “to cut and to decay” system is the most common used in this region. Using multivariate analyses of quantitative and qualitative variables, the relationships between materials of `Chococito” race were found. The dendograms for these cultivars had shown differences among them. As a complement of the in situ conservation done by compromise of the Anchicaya's community, a duplicate under ex situ conditions was established at the Genetic Resources Laboratory, belonged to the Agronomy Dept. of National Univ. of Colombia.
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Silva, Jaomara Nascimento da, Niraldo José Ponciano, Paulo Marcelo Souza, Claudio Luiz Melo de Souza, Leandro Hespanhol Viana, Marcelo Geraldo de Morais Silva, Marcela Brite Alfaiate, Carla Roberta Ferraz Carvalho Bila, Rogério Figueiredo Daher, and Geraldo de Amaral Gravina. "Tropical Viticulture Diagnosis in the North and Northwest Fluminense." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 5 (April 15, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n5p171.
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Viticulture has proved to be an alternative for farmers in the northen and northwestern Rio de Janeiro State; however, the activity is still very recent and requires the development of agronomic and managerial techniques. Therefore, the objective of this work was to diagnose the production areas and the characteristics inherent to the inner and outer environment of this farming enterprise. It was observed that the grape-growing farms predominate in an average area of 1 hectare, with productivity between 20 and 25 t/ha, with offer in the harvest and in the off-season. The inner points are stronger than the weak ones, and can be adjusted with the joint execution of the viticulturists allied to the opportunities, such as agrotourism and the diversification of available cultivars that allow a greater offer of the product and minimize the inherent threats observed, such as climatic variations and the shortage of skilled labor. These identified points may indicate competitiveness strategies for the wine market in the studied regions.
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., Duryat, Sylvain Raflegau, and Marck Phillip Cannon. "Dinamika Kepemilikan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Provinsi Riau Sumatra Indonesia." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 1, no. 1 (April 4, 2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1193-100.
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Smallholder’s plantations represent 44% of oil palm in Indonesia, and they were known to have agronomic performance much lower than Estate ones. So there is large room for increasing the yield with sustainable cropping system. To better understand the heterogeneity of smallholder’s plantations, an agricultural diagnosis has been implemented in a specific place, Riau Province of Sumatra. This study led to well characterize the dynamics of plantation in the region and the diversity of rationalities. Among eight existing types of smallholding plots, there were only three types with yield hardly lower than those of the estate plantations. This reinforced the interest to implement diagnosis through the nutritional status of palms using data from foliar diagnosis and soil analysis. Key words : dynamic of plantation, palm oil, smallholders, Sumatra
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Debaeke, Philippe, Emmanuelle Bret-Mestries, Jean-Noël Aubertot, Pierre Casadebaig, Luc Champolivier, Jean-François Dejoux, Pierre Maury, and Célia Seassau. "Sunflower agronomy: 10 years of research in partnership within the “Sunflower” Technological Joint Unit (UMT) in Toulouse." OCL 27 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020006.
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In order to make more efficient plant breeding and gain in competitiveness, the sector of oil-protein crops decided to intensify agronomic research on sunflower crop. The “Sunflower” Joint Technological Unit (Unité Mixte Technologique (UMT) “Tournesol”, in French) was launched in the Toulouse area in 2006, associating closely INRA and Terres Inovia. First focused on improving oil production through an agronomic approach, the UMT was renewed in 2011 with a broader partnership and a more assertive orientation towards the development of decision-making tools. The objective of this paper is to highlight the relevance and productivity of this user-oriented research facility. The main results relate to (i) the co-construction of a simulation model (SUNFLO) that can be parameterized and manipulated by Terres Inovia engineers, (ii) the joint exploration of supra-field scales and new methods for agronomic diagnosis and yield forecasting based on remote sensing, (iii) the tuning and dissemination of operational decision rules, (iv) the production of essential knowledge on emergent and/or damaging fungal diseases, as well as on complex interactions between genotype, environment and crop management. After a concluding symposium in 2016, new requests for sunflower research were formulated by the participants. They also advocated for a diversification of crops to consider in order to better meet the needs of the whole oil-protein sector.
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Anzanello, Rafael, Tainan Graeff Tasso, Cláudia Martellet Fogaça, Adeliano Cargnin, Leo Duc Haa Carson Schwartzhaupt da Conceição, Gabriele Becker Delwing Sartori, and Amanda Heemann Junges. "Agronomic evaluation of ‘Riesling Itálico’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ grapevine clones." Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha 28, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36812/pag.202228148-57.
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This study aimed to evaluate clones of ‘Riesling Itálico’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ grapevines that best adapt to the edaphoclimatic conditions in Veranópolis, RS. The experiment was carried out at the State Center for Diagnosis and Research in Fruticulture - DDPA/SEAPDR. Three 'Riesling Itálico' clones (ISV-1, RI12V23, VCR-365), four 'Chardonnay' clones (INRA-95, INRA-132, INRA-548, VCR-6), four 'Merlot' clones (INRA-181, INRA-347, VCR-13, VCR-494) and seven 'Cabernet Franc' clones (INRA-212, INRA-214, ISV-8, ISV-101, VCR-2, VCR- 4, VCR-10) were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 4 replications and 10 plants per plot. The clones were evaluated in the 2020/2021 cycle for phenology (budburst and maturation dates), production (kg/plant, ton/ha weight/bunch) and fruit quality (soluble solids-SS, titratable acidity-AT, pH). The results showed the potentiality of the clone RI12V23 for 'Riesling Itálico', INRA-132 for 'Chardonnay', VCR-13 for 'Merlot' and VCR-10 for 'Cabernet Franc'. The 'Riesling Itálico' and 'Chardonnay' clones showed greater production precocity than the 'Merlot' and 'Cabernet Franc' clones.
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CHEN, Guang-feng, Hong-zhu CAO, Dong-dong CHEN, Ling-bo ZHANG, Wei-li ZHAO, Yu ZHANG, Wen-qi MA, Rong-feng JIANG, Hong-yan ZHANG, and Fu-suo ZHANG. "Developing sustainable summer maize production for smallholder farmers in the North China Plain: An agronomic diagnosis method." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 18, no. 8 (August 2019): 1667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(18)62151-3.
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Chuan, Zheng, Sun, Wang, Liu, Zhao, and Zhao. "A Sustainable Way of Fertilizer Recommendation Based on Yield Response and Agronomic Efficiency for Chinese Cabbage." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 4368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164368.
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Chemical fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in raising vegetable output and improving the livelihood of people in China. Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) is one of the most common vegetables with a wide planting area. However, there are problems such as the excessive and blind application of chemical fertilizers, which bring about the increase of planting cost and the risk of environmental pollution. So, it is urgent to improve fertilization methods and improve fertilizer use efficiency, aiming to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, multi-year and multi-site experiments were retrieved from the published literature and public scientific research institutions to study a sustainable fertilizer recommendation method for Chinese cabbage based on yield response and agronomic efficiency. The results showed that the average indigenous nutrients supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were 112.98, 35.03, and 213.15 kg/ha, respectively. It is suggested that these nutrients should not be neglected in the process of fertilizer recommendation. The average yield responses to N, P2O5, and K2O were 26.6, 13.9, and 16.6 t/ha, the relative yields were 0.70, 0.84, and 0.84; also, it was concluded that the agronomic efficiencies were 114.3, 108.5, and 89.4 kg/kg on average, respectively. From these datasets, the theoretical basis of recommended fertilization was established. It was found that there was a significant negative correlation between N, P, and K indigenous nutrient supply and the yield response to N, P2O5, and K2O, and a significant negative linear correlation between yield response and the relative yield of N, P2O5, and K2O. There was also a significant one-dimensional quadratic function relationship between yield response and agronomic efficiency in Chinese cabbage. Then, two years of field experiments for Chinese cabbage were conducted to verify the fertilizer recommendation. It was concluded that fertilizer recommendation for Chinese cabbage based on yield response and agronomic efficiency was a sustainable way for farmland utilization, not only economically and suitably satisfying its application on fields of different sizes, but also taking into account the indigenous nutrient supply and the interaction between N, P, and K, having shown the advantages of high efficiency, especially when the conditions such as soil testing and plant diagnosis were not sufficient.
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Lima, Jordaanny Danyelly Pereira, Aline Borges Torino, Luciana Maria da Silva, Lucas Freitas do Nascimento Júnior, Marlete Ferreira de Brito, Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa, Bruno Montoani Silva, and Eduardo da Costa Severiano. "Crop-Livestock Integration Improves Physical Soil, Agronomic and Environmental Aspects in Soybean Cultivation." Plants 12, no. 21 (November 1, 2023): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12213746.
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Soybean is one of the most widely grown crops in the world and technologies are increasingly needed to increase productivity without impacting environmental degradation. In this context, the aim was to evaluate the action of forage plants of the genus Brachiaria sp. in crop–livestock integration on physical soil, agronomic and environmental aspects of soybean cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a subdivided plot design with seven integrated systems corresponding to the previous cultivation of Paiaguas palisadegrass, Xaraes palisadegrass and Ruziziensis grass in monocropping and intercropped with maize, as well as maize in monocropping. In the subplots, two grass management systems were evaluated: free growth and a grazing simulation cut. The bulk density and least limiting water range were assessed using soil samples and, after the pastures were desiccated when the soybean crop was planted, straw decomposition and plantability. A soil physics diagnosis by the bulk density and least limiting water range showed that the Paiaguas palisadegrass and Xaraes palisadegrass improved the soil environment due to biological soil loosening. The remaining mulch biomass did not affect soybean sowing and the adoption of Brachiaria sp. grass in the off-season, in addition to contributing to the provision of environmental services, and did not compromise grain productivity in succession.
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Liang, Jiaxing, Wei Ren, Xiaoyang Liu, Hainie Zha, Xian Wu, Chunkang He, Junli Sun, et al. "Improving Nitrogen Status Diagnosis and Recommendation of Maize Using UAV Remote Sensing Data." Agronomy 13, no. 8 (July 27, 2023): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081994.
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Effective in-season crop nitrogen (N) status diagnosis is important for precision crop N management, and remote sensing using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is one efficient means of conducting crop N nutrient diagnosis. Here, field experiments were conducted with six N levels and six maize hybrids to determine the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) and yield, and to diagnose the N status of the hybrids combined with multi-spectral data. The NNI threshold values varied with hybrids and years, ranging from 0.99 to 1.17 in 2018 and 0.60 to 0.71 in 2019. A proper agronomic optimal N rate (AONR) was constructed and confirmed based on the measured NNI and yield. The NNI (R2 = 0.64–0.79) and grain yield (R2 = 0.70–0.73) were predicted well across hybrids using a random forest model with spectral, structural, and textural data (UAV). The AONRs calculated using the predicted NNI and yield were significantly correlated with the measured NNI (R2 = 0.70 and 0.71 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) and yield (R2 = 0.68 and 0.54 in 2018 and 2019, respectively). It is concluded that data fusion can improve in-season N status diagnosis for different maize hybrids compared to using only spectral data.
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CAO, Hong-zhu, Ya-nan LI, Guang-feng CHEN, Dong-dong CHEN, Hong-rui QU, and Wen-qi MA. "Identifying the limiting factors driving the winter wheat yield gap on smallholder farms by agronomic diagnosis in North China Plain." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 18, no. 8 (August 2019): 1701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(19)62574-8.
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Llanderal, Alfonso, Pedro García-Caparrós, José Pérez-Alonso, Juana Isabel Contreras, María Luz Segura, Juan Reca, and María Teresa Lao. "Approach to Petiole Sap Nutritional Diagnosis Method by Empirical Model Based on Climatic and Growth Parameters." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020188.
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The aim of this work is to evaluate the relationship between the nutrient concentration in petiole sap and different agronomic and climatic variables for a tomato crop grown in a greenhouse in Mediterranean conditions. In addition, the persistence of the nutrient concentration in petiole sap was investigated with the aim of determining the sampling period that implies the best trade-off nutritional information. The experiment consisted of the selection of 20 sampling points inside the greenhouse. The samples of petiole, fully expanded leaf, and soil solution samples were collected weekly from 86 to 163 days after transplanting. Chloride, NO3−-N, H2PO4−-P, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were determined in petiole sap and soil solution obtained by suction cups. Nitrogen, P, K, Cl, and Na concentrations were also determined in leaf. Finally, the petiole sap nutritional diagnosis method is the highest sensitive nutritional diagnosis method which compares soil solution and nutrient leaf content related to yield, and the statistical analysis performed in this research demonstrates that crop evapotranspiration (ETc), vapor pressure deficit (DPV), and leaf area index (LAI) are considered the most significant variables that allow the development of these empirical prediction models regarding nutrient concentration in petiole sap.
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Souza, Aline dos Anjos, Anacleto Ranulfo Dos Santos, Girlene Santos De Souza, Railda Santos De Jesus, Janderson do Carmo Lima, and Uasley Caldas de Oliveira. "Growth and nutritional diagnosis of Rosemary plants submitted to nitrogen and sulfate fertilization." Comunicata Scientiae 12 (December 29, 2020): e3385. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v12.3385.
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Studies on the cultivation of medicinal plants are of relevance to the population since they are primary sources of medication. Among these plants stands out the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) for having diverse therapeutic properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth and nutritional status of rosemary plants grown with different co’ncentrations of nitrogen and sulfur. The treatments were distributed in a 4x2 factorial scheme with four nitrogen doses: 105, 210, 315, and 420 mg L-1 of nitrogen combined with two sulfur doses: 32 and 64 mg L-1 with seven replications totaling 56 experimental units. The seedlings were obtained through asexual propagation (cuttings), originating from parent plants. The experimental units were arranged in a completely randomized design. Growth evaluations were carried out at 120 days of cultivation, using: plant height (HT) stem diameter (DS), root dry matter mass (RDM), stem dry matter mass (SDM), mass leaf dry matter (LDM), total dry matter (TDM), shoot dry matter mass (SDMS). The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and depending on the level of significance in the F test, the study was carried out using the means test (Tukey 5%). The agronomic characteristics (HT), (DS), (RDM) and (MDMAP) were significant for N. Only (RDM) showed significant interaction for the doses of N and S. The dose 420 mg L-1 promoted the highest concentrations in the components leaf and stem. The lowest dose 105 mg L-1, N promoted the highest concentrations of S in the leaf and stem. The assimilation of S by the rosemary plants was dependent on the doses of N.
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Saldanha, Cleiton Braga, Daliane Teixeira Silva, Luís Oscar Silva Martins, and Marcelo Santana Silva. "Diagnosis and Obstacles Related to the Production Chain of Cachaça in the Context of Geographical Indications." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 1 (November 13, 2023): e04244. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-038.
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Objective: To analyze regulatory and public policy, economic, agronomic, infrastructure, and technological barriers in the context of Geographical Indications. Method: This study was carried out from the perspective of exploratory research since it is a conceptual approach, which investigates the main characteristics of the studied phenomenon. Considering the way in which the data were obtained, it consists of a bibliographical study of a qualitative nature, which has the cachaça productive chain as its central element. Results and conclusion: It is observed that the foundation of the GI is based on the relationship between natural resources, the organization of social and economic processes, and cultural and power relations. The obstacles highlighted from the point of view of specialists directly affect the development process of the cachaça production chain, but it is a historically important activity for Brazil. Research implications: They range from direct support to the cachaça industry and the formulation of public policies to the advancement of academic knowledge and the strengthening of regional culture and economy. It contributes to multiple aspects of society, highlighting the relevance of Geographical Indications. Originality/value: The identification of critical obstacles in the cachaça production chain, deepening the understanding of the complex relationship between natural resources, culture, and social and economic processes in the formation of Geographical Indications (GIs) in Brazil fills an important gap in the context of the growing recognition of GIs in Brazil.
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Torino, Aline Borges, Lucas Freitas do Nascimento Júnior, Marlete Ferreira de Brito, Jordaanny Danyelly Pereira Lima, Wainer Gomes Gonçalves, Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa, and Eduardo da Costa Severiano. "Agronomic performance of maize and Brachiaria grasses cultivated at monocropping and intercropping in a compacted Latossolo." SEPTEMBER 2020, no. 14(9):2020 (September 20, 2020): 1533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.09.p2773.
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Obtaining adequate yields by intercropping maize and grasses in soils with poor physical quality is a challenge for managing crop-livestock systems in the Cerrado region. The aim of the present study was to verify the viability of maize in intercropping with Brachiaria grasses in the second crop season in a physically degraded Latossolo. The experiment was carried out in accordance with a split-plot completely randomized block design with four replications. Seven treatments (T) were evaluated in the plots: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguas (p), Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes (x), Brachiaria ruziziensis (r) and maize (m) as monocrops (Tp1, Tx1, Tr1 and Tm1) and maize in intercropping with each of the three Brachiaria species (Tp2, Tx2 and Tr2). Two grass management systems were evaluated in each subplot: with (M1) and without simulated grazing (M2) of the grasses. Soil physical quality was estimated by the least limiting water range of undisturbed soil samples collected at layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. Crop agronomic yield evaluations were carried out for maize, and both the forage biomass and mulch biomass of the grasses were evaluated. Water deficit during the reproductive crop phase and soil compaction explained the low productivity observed in the experiments. The replacement of the maize crops with pasture during the second crop season is indicated in physical degradation soil conditions. Use of the Brachiaria ruziziensis grass in the intercropping system under simulated pasture grazing resulted in a satisfactory forage yield in the off-season and was the best alternative for oversowing in the intercropping systems. Mulch biomass production in intercropping systems with simulated grazing did not reach adequate amounts for soil cover, and suppression of the last cut could potentially result in increased biomass accumulation and system viability. Overall, it is recommended that maize cultivation during the second crop season in Brazil be preceded by a soil compaction diagnosis.
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Christophe, Adou Bini Yao, Okoma Koffi Mathurin, Obouayeba Abba Pacôme, Atsin Guy Joël Olivier, Ballo Espérence Kouadio, Essehi Jean-Lopez, Wahounou Polié Jean, Soumahin Eric Francis, Kouakou Tanoh Hilaire, and Obouayeba Samuel. "Contribution of Latex Micro Diagnosis to Modern Management of Rubber Plantations: Case of Clones With Low or Slow Metabolism PB 217 and PR 107." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 9 (March 31, 2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n9p312.
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The cultivated rubber clones are sensitive to latex harvesting regimes according to their laticiferous metabolism. Thus, in order to determine the best latex harvesting systems of clones with low or slow metabolism, six latex harvesting technologies are applied to them in a bulk statistical device from Fisher to four rehearsals. The rubber is tapped in downward half spiral stimulated or not for nine years after the opening of the tapping panel. The agronomic parameters (production, vegetative growth), the tapping panel dryness and those of the latex micro diagnosis were evaluated. The results indicate that these clones independently of the latex harvesting system have good rubber productivity (2310 kg.ha -1 .y-1 ) with good radial vegetative growth (2.9 cm.y -1 ). Their trees show a well-balanced physiological profile and an acceptable sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness (4.9%). However, the physiological index, the bark consumption and the sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness lead to retain the latex harvesting technologies "S/2 d3 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y, S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y and S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 8/y” for the best. This index, favorably influencing the choice of technologies adapted to clones with active metabolism, contributes to the modern and efficient management of a rubber plantation.
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Honsho, Cristiane dos Santos, Arianne Pontes Oriá, Luiz Paulo da Veiga Monteiro Lazaro Júnior, Francisco Dorea Neto, and José Luiz Laus. "The organization of flash electroretinography unit in Veterinary Medicine." Ciência Rural 34, no. 4 (August 2004): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000400021.
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Electroretinography is the technique that allows the evaluation of changes in electrical potential that occur when the eye is stimulated by light. Such changes reflect the response of several retinal cells including photoreceptors (cones and rods). Thus it evaluates the retinal functionality and can diagnose abnormalities in retinas seem to be normal by ophthalmoscopy. Due to the constant evolution in veterinary ophthalmology, new centers of retinal electrophysiology have been introduced around the world either for early diagnosis of retinopathies or for preoperative evaluation of animals with cataracts and glaucoma, as well as for continuing research. The Ophthalmology Unit of the "Governador Laudo Natel" Veterinary Teaching Hospital, in the Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV) - Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) - Jaboticabal Campus, Brazil, supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP (Sao Paulo State Foundation for Research), set up the Unit of Ocular Electrophysiology for animals in order to provide conditions for the diagnosis of retinopathies. As a pioneering venture in Brazil, the organization of the services faced many challenges till the moment it was set up: the organization and arrangement of appropriate rooms, independent electrical distribution for the installation of separate pieces of equipment, adaptation of containment tables, training and qualification of the staff, and the elaboration and standardization of anesthetic and stimulation protocols. The wealth of information generated by our experience gave us the inspiration to write this paper, which aims to contribute to the work of researchers and veterinary ophthalmologists in this new and opportune field of specialization.
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Gouda, Mohamed Zakaria, El Mehdi Nagihi, Lotfi Khiari, Jacques Gallichand, and Mahmoud Ismail. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Prediction of Key Textural Properties from LUCAS and ICRAF Spectral Libraries." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081550.
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Soil texture is a key soil property influencing many agronomic practices including fertilization and liming. Therefore, an accurate estimation of soil texture is essential for adopting sustainable soil management practices. In this study, we used different machine learning algorithms trained on vis–NIR spectra from existing soil spectral libraries (ICRAF and LUCAS) to predict soil textural fractions (sand–silt–clay %). In addition, we predicted the soil textural groups (G1: Fine, G2: Medium, and G3: Coarse) using routine chemical characteristics as auxiliary. With the ICRAF dataset, multilayer perceptron resulted in good predictions for sand and clay (R2 = 0.78 and 0.85, respectively) and categorical boosting outperformed the other algorithms (random forest, extreme gradient boosting, linear regression) for silt prediction (R2 = 0.81). For the LUCAS dataset, categorical boosting consistently showed a high performance for sand, silt, and clay predictions (R2 = 0.79, 0.76, and 0.85, respectively). Furthermore, the soil texture groups (G1, G2, and G3) were classified using the light gradient boosted machine algorithm with a high accuracy (83% and 84% for ICRAF and LUCAS, respectively). These results, using spectral data, are very promising for rapid diagnosis of soil texture and group in order to adjust agricultural practices.
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Christophe, Adou Bini Yao, Okoma Koffi Mathurin, Obouayeba Abba Pacôme, Atsin Guy Joël Olivier, Ballo Espérence Kouadio, Essehi Jean-Lopez, Wahounou Polié Jean, Soumahin Eric Francis, Kouakou Tanoh Hilaire, and Obouayeba Samuel. "Latex Micro Diagnosis, Modern Management Tool of Rubber Plantations of Clones With Active or Rapid Metabolism IRCA 18, IRCA 130, PB 235, PB 260 and PB 330." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p385.
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The cultivated rubber clones are sensitive to latex harvesting regimes according to their laticiferous metabolism. Thus, in order to determine the best latex harvesting systems of clones with active or rapid metabolism (IRCA 18, IRCA 130, PB 235, PB 260 and PB 330), six latex harvesting technologies are applied to them in a bulk statistical device from Fisher to four rehearsals. The rubber is tapped in downward half spiral stimulated or not for nine years after the opening of the tapping panel. The agronomic parameters (production, vegetative growth), the tapping panel dryness and those of the latex micro diagnosis were evaluated. The results indicate that these clones independently of the latex harvesting system have good rubber productivity (2310 kg.ha -1.y1) with good radial vegetative growth (2.9 cm.y-1). Their trees show a wellbalanced physiological profile and an acceptable sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness (4.9%). However, the physiological index, the bark consumption and the sensitivity to the tapping panel dryness lead to retain the latex harvesting technologies “ S/2 d3 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y and S/2 d4 6d/7 Pa1(1) ET2.5% 4/y ” for the best. This index, favorably influencing the choice of technologies adapted to clones with active metabolism, contributes to the modern and efficient management of a rubber plantation.
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Vashenko, V. F., V. V. Nam, and N. V. Serkin. "ADAPTATION TO LODGING AND INCREASE IN BARLEY YIELD DEPENDING ON TREATMENT WITH AN ETHYLENE INHIBITOR." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 18, no. 4 (December 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2020-18-32-37.
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In intensive cultivation technology of spring barley inhibition by 2-chloroethylphosphonic growth last internode main stem after flowering can generate an increase in the tillers by increasing increase of productive tillering decreasing by 2-4 tilt stems at an average yield of 4.5 t / ha of spring barley. In this case, there is no need to apply the agro-technical measures to reduce the probability of crop lodging - reducing seeding rates and sparse seeding, all elements of the maximum level of productivity combined with the effect of the inhibitor on the vertical stability of the crop and the influence on the increase in yields. Biologically active growth regulators require accurate diagnosis and effective application of a short period in each year by a combination of weather conditions, agronomic crop conditions and phase of development of barley. In stressful wet weather conditions on precipitation, maximum yield and density of the crop, the probability of lodging in phase 49 in the EU is just the most probable maximum yield increase, while maintaining the stability of the vertical planting. Intensive cultivation and high yields combined with the processing of biologically active substances and the expansion of the adaptive capacity of the vertical stability of crop varieties and yield potential.
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Mendes, Jorge, Tatiana M. Pinho, Filipe Neves dos Santos, Joaquim J. Sousa, Emanuel Peres, José Boaventura-Cunha, Mário Cunha, and Raul Morais. "Smartphone Applications Targeting Precision Agriculture Practices—A Systematic Review." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060855.
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Traditionally farmers have used their perceptual sensorial systems to diagnose and monitor their crops health and needs. However, humans possess five basic perceptual systems with accuracy levels that can change from human to human which are largely dependent on the stress, experience, health and age. To overcome this problem, in the last decade, with the help of the emergence of smartphone technology, new agronomic applications were developed to reach better, cost-effective, more accurate and portable diagnosis systems. Conventional smartphones are equipped with several sensors that could be useful to support near real-time usual and advanced farming activities at a very low cost. Therefore, the development of agricultural applications based on smartphone devices has increased exponentially in the last years. However, the great potential offered by smartphone applications is still yet to be fully realized. Thus, this paper presents a literature review and an analysis of the characteristics of several mobile applications for use in smart/precision agriculture available on the market or developed at research level. This will contribute to provide to farmers an overview of the applications type that exist, what features they provide and a comparison between them. Also, this paper is an important resource to help researchers and applications developers to understand the limitations of existing tools and where new contributions can be performed.
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Mahé, H., C. Riou, P. Longepierre, M. H. Imberti, L. Mahé, and C. Prêtet-Lataste. "A tool for technical and economic evaluation of dieback in wine-growing holdings." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191503005.
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Dieback in the vineyards is causing a long-term decline in the productivity of the vine stock and/or its sudden or gradual premature death, related to a number of different factors. It is a problem in all wine regions around the world. Its economic importance was estimated to represent €2 billion turnover in 2020 if the trend in yield loss continues at the same pace. How do we diagnose dieback in the wine-growing holdings to provide a better understanding of the risks and to respond? The aim of the work is to identify the factors to be taken into consideration in the development of a dieback self-diagnosis tool for wine growers. The first study takes into account all aspects of the wine-growing system in very mixed French conditions of production. The survey was fielded in 124 wine-growing and contains over a hundred questions. The analysis and classification of the holdings are based on yield and longevity which are constructed from socio-technical and economic data, complementing the agronomic aspects. These parameters have been combined to create a classification of wine-growing holdings affected by dieback. The finished tool is based on the answers to 30 questions identified by the survey. We can calculate a score that places the winery in relation to other wineries in the same situation.
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Anderson, W. K., R. M. McTaggart, N. C. McQuade, D. Carter, T. Overheu, D. Bakker, and S. Peltzer. "An approach to crop yield improvement through diagnostic systems research in a winter-dominant rainfall environment." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 9 (2014): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14065.
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Crop production in the high-rainfall zone of Western Australia (>450 mm average annual rainfall) is an increasing proportion of the state’s total farming system since the 1990s, when the profitability of animal production based on improved pastures was threatened. However, the yields of the dominant crops barley, canola and oats have often been insufficient to maintain whole-farm productivity in the changed system. The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic approach to agronomic research as a means of increasing crop yields. Experiments were conducted at two farm sites over 5 years with treatments applied according to an initial diagnosis of the factors that may have been limiting production. The diagnosis of limiting factors was based on soil physical and chemical tests, plant tissue analyses and the observations of the farmers. The diagnostic tests were assessed against agreed standards. The highest yields in each year were compared with an estimate of the rainfall-limited potential yields. In both experiments, more than one factor was considered likely to be limiting crop and pasture production; therefore, factorial combinations of treatments were used, including deep-placed lime, deep-placed potassium and claying at one site, and deep ripping, raised beds and gypsum at the other. Split doses of nitrogen were applied to half of the plots after waterlogging events in some years. The yield responses to the treatments changed each year but the highest yields were close to the calculated potential yield after taking account of estimated losses of water. Interactions between the factors were not often significant. That is, the responses were additive and independent, so they can be applied sequentially. No single factor could be identified as the most limiting at either site over the 5 years. However, the results suggested a hierarchy of measures that could be taken according to the least cost or the most profit principle, or according to farmer preference and convenience.
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Han, Xu, Qing Chang, Youxian Xu, Pengjun Wang, Huixia Li, Yunqing Li, Yanshan Li, et al. "Efficient and Direct Identification of Ditylenchus destructor and D. dipsaci in Soil and Plant Tissues Using a Species-Specific PCR Assay." Horticulturae 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2024): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030250.
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Ditylenchus destructor and D. dipsaci are important nematodes that have a significant economic impact on agronomic and horticultural plants worldwide. Microscopic observation alone may not distinguish between D. destructor and D. dipsaci. Accurate and rapid identification of these two species is essential for effective pest management. In the present study, a species-specific PCR assay was developed to detect and differentiate D. destructor and D. dipsaci based on the rDNA-ITS sequences. The primers developed in this study can specifically amplify fragments of DNA from D. destructor and D. dipsaci in the target population, without amplifying DNA from other non-target nematodes within the genus Ditylenchus. The sensitivity test revealed that this procedure has the ability to detect single second-stage juveniles (J2) of D. dipsaci at a dilution of 1/128 and D. destructor at a dilution of 1/64. Additionally, it can detect genomic DNA (gDNA) at concentrations of 10 pg/µL for D. dipsaci and 1 ng/µL for D. destructor. These results align with previously reported results obtained through RPA and LAMP methods. Furthermore, the primers developed in this study for D. destructor not only were able to amplify six different haplotypes of nematodes but also successfully detected it in infested plant roots and soil samples, thereby shortening the time and reducing the number of steps required for detection. Thus, this assay, which does not necessitate taxonomic or morphological expertise, significantly enhances the diagnosis of D. destructor and D. dipsaci in infested fields. This advancement aids in the early control of these nematodes.
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Omer, Siraj Osman. "Application of Bayesian Networks of Genotype by Environment Interaction Evaluation Under Plant Disease, Soil Types and Climate Condition-using Bayesia Lab." Academic Journal of Applied Mathematical Sciences, no. 73 (June 2, 2021): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajams.73.158.166.
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Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) linked to plant disease, soil properties and climate conditions add potential value for a breeding program to underpin decision making. In understanding genotype x environment interaction, the most challenging factors are the identification of genetic variation for a range of traits and their responsiveness to the climate change factors. In order to study the complex relationships with genetic and non-genetic factors, the application of Bayesian network tools will help understand and accelerate plant breeding progress and improve the efficiency of crop production. In this study, we proposed the application of Bayesian networks (BNs) to evaluate genotype by environment interaction under plant diseases, soil type, and climate variables. An adapted to simulate multiple environmental trial (MET) data of maize (corn) was used to examine the performance of the BN predictive modeling using BayesiaLab for deriving knowledge and graphical structure for exploring GEI diagnosis and analysis. The results highlighted that genotypes have the same probability and the frequentist of rainfall, temperature, soil type, and disease type occurred as <=88 (46%), 35 (37%), clay (27%), and MB (47%) respectively, which have to monitor reflects in each discretization. This study provided a roadmap to knowledge modeling of GEI using BayesiaLab software. On a broader scale, this study helps predict the yield of crop varieties by understanding agronomic and environmental factors under farm conditions rather than conducting long-term agricultural testing under well-controlled conditions of the on-station trials. Future improvements of BNs application of METs should consider working on a larger and more detailed soil and irrigation system linked to agro system.
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Pelzer, E., C. Bourlet, G. Carlsson, R. J. Lopez-Bellido, E. S. Jensen, and M. H. Jeuffroy. "Design, assessment and feasibility of legume-based cropping systems in three European regions." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 11 (2017): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17064.
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Grain legumes in cropping systems result in agronomic and environmental benefits. Nevertheless, their areas in Europe have strongly decreased over the past decades. Our aim was to design locally adapted innovative cropping systems including grain legumes for three European local pedoclimatic contexts, to assess their sustainability, and to discuss their feasibility with stakeholders. The methodology included an initial diagnosis of the most frequent cropping systems and local improvement targets in each local context (e.g. improve legume profitability, limit diseases of legumes, reduce intensive use of chemical inputs in cropping systems), the design of innovative legume-based cropping systems during a common workshop, focusing on three aims ((i) decrease pesticide use, (ii) reduce mineral N fertiliser dependency, and (iii) increase yield stability of grain legume crops and other crops of the crop sequence), and their multicriteria sustainability assessment. Stakeholders meetings were organised in each local context to discuss the feasibility of implementing the innovative cropping systems in farmers’ fields (technical implementation of cropping systems and possibility of development of legume sectors). Four to five cropping systems were designed in each local context, with crop sequences longer than references. They included at least two grain legumes (pea, faba bean, chickpea, lentil or lupine), as sole crops or intercropped with cereals. Overall sustainability was similar or improved in 71% of the legume-based cropping systems compared with their corresponding references. Among the designed cropping systems, stakeholders identified feasible ones considering both technical issues and development of legume sectors. The results indicate that reintegrating more grain legumes in the three European local contexts tested will contribute to more sustainable farming systems.
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Jude Rola, Roland Rallos, Cherry Nuñez-Rola, Jomari Joseph Barrera, and Larmie Feliscuzo. "Application of Modified Mitscherlich Equation to Yellow Hybrid Corn Optimized Nutrient e-Advisor." Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (JSET) 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.61569/6vhfj482.
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This study deals with the design and development of a Yellow Hybrid Corn Optimized Nutrient e-Advisor, a PC-based decision support tool to enhance the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute’s electronic spreadsheet calculation of recommendations. The existing system does not have an irrigation advisory, lacks plant population computation, user’s Recommended Rate (RR) of Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (NPK) and the user’s cost of the possible combination of inorganic fertilizers. The e-Advisor implemented the modified Mitscherlich equation developed and tested by Rallos et al. The modified equation can also calculate the crop’s agronomic N-use efficiency by using the established efficiency indices from several conducted field trials. It takes the following parameters as inputs: field location, soil type, soil analysis results, cultivar, field size, potential yield, target yield and date of planting. It generates the following recommendations: RR in kg per hectare and RR in kg per user’s area of NPK nutrient needed based on user’s field characteristics, location’s climatic type, lime requirement of the field, possible combinations of inorganic fertilizers and their costs, and irrigation advisory. The application was developed using C#, a multi-paradigm and an object-oriented programming language. Based on the acceptability testing and evaluation using ISO 9126, the application has been found out to be generally acceptable by 52 corn farmers, commercial corn growers, researchers, scientists, provincial/municipal agriculturists, agricultural technicians, faculty, students, and soil laboratory personnel. It is highly recommended that this application be implemented in both mobile and web-based platforms and other adaptable environments to make it portable and more accessible. The integration of corn pest and diseases diagnosis is also recommended.
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Osco, Lucas Prado, José Marcato Junior, Ana Paula Marques Ramos, Danielle Elis Garcia Furuya, Dthenifer Cordeiro Santana, Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro, Wesley Nunes Gonçalves, et al. "Leaf Nitrogen Concentration and Plant Height Prediction for Maize Using UAV-Based Multispectral Imagery and Machine Learning Techniques." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193237.
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Under ideal conditions of nitrogen (N), maize (Zea mays L.) can grow to its full potential, reaching maximum plant height (PH). As a rapid and nondestructive approach, the analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-based imagery may be of assistance to estimate N and height. The main objective of this study is to present an approach to predict leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC, g kg−1) and PH (m) with machine learning techniques and UAV-based multispectral imagery in maize plants. An experiment with 11 maize cultivars under two rates of N fertilization was carried during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons. The spectral vegetation indices (VI) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference red-edge index (NDRE), green normalized difference vegetation (GNDVI), and the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were extracted from the images and, in a computational system, used alongside the spectral bands as input parameters for different machine learning models. A randomized 10-fold cross-validation strategy, with a total of 100 replicates, was used to evaluate the performance of 9 supervised machine learning (ML) models using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of regression (R²), and root mean square error (RMSE) metrics. The results indicated that the random forest (RF) algorithm performed better, with r and RMSE, respectively, of 0.91 and 1.9 g.kg−¹ for LNC, and 0.86 and 0.17 m for PH. It was also demonstrated that VIs contributed more to the algorithm’s performances than individual spectral bands. This study concludes that the RF model is appropriate to predict both agronomic variables in maize and may help farmers to monitor their plants based upon their LNC and PH diagnosis and use this knowledge to improve their production rates in the subsequent seasons.
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Dibi, Wilfried G., Beaulys Fotso, Casimir Y. Brou, Jeremie T. Zoueu, Adolphe Zeze, and Jocelyne Bosson. "Fluorescence and Reflectance Spectroscopy for Early Detection of Different Mycorrhized Plantain Plants." Applied Physics Research 8, no. 3 (April 19, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v8n3p17.
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<p class="1Body">Sustainable agriculture with use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is an emerging farm management that improves crops nutrient and water use efficiency. Decision making on the effect of AMF is still dependent on agronomic diagnosis which is long, tedious, expensive and destructive. This study demonstrates the applicability of proximal fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for evaluating and detecting at early stage distinct types of mycorrhized plantain from two cultivars (<em>Musa paradisiaca</em>).</p><p class="1Body">Visible-near infrared (400-1000 nm) reflectance and fluorescence data were collected from control and three levels mycorrhized plants designed in randomized and complete block under greenhouse conditions. Two spectral measurements at a week interval were performed on plant leaves by using an USB spectrometer mounted with an Arduino-based LED driver clip.</p>A new normalized reflectance water NWI5 index shows with Datt5 alone highly significant differences at P<0.001 respectively for Orishele and fhia21 cultivars. dNIRmin920_980, NDVI3 and GI reflectance index are significant at P<0.01. Seven other reflectance and 3 fluorescence indices ANTH, FRF_R and NBI_R are significant at P<0.05. The two first principal components for each cultivar spectral features explaining 94.1 % of variance were used to build predictive classification models. LogitBoost algorithm indicates accuracy of 90.27% on stratified cross-validation and 87.5% on test split. Our results confirm that fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy is a valuable tool for early assessment of mycorrhization success rate evaluation and pattern recognition. They also show promise for the development of non-destructive and cost-effective detectors in monitoring crops under biofertilizers with arbuscular mycorrhizae.
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Kherif, Omar, Mounir Seghouani, Bahia Zemmouri, Abderrahim Bouhenache, Mohamed Islam Keskes, Rebouh Yacer-Nazih, Walid Ouaret, and Mourad Latati. "Understanding the Response of Wheat-Chickpea Intercropping to Nitrogen Fertilization Using Agro-Ecological Competitive Indices under Contrasting Pedoclimatic Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061225.
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Wheat–chickpea intercrops are not well studied, despite the importance of these two species in increasing agricultural profitability and ensuring nutritional and food security. The present study aims to assess the intercropping arable system’s services under contrasting field management and climate conditions. Simultaneously, this assessment focuses on the most agronomic and ecological indices widely used in the literature. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L.cv. VITRON) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.cv. FLIP 90/13 C) were cultivated, both in sole crop and intercrop during the 2018/2019 growing season. A field experiment was carried out under controlled conditions at three contrasting pedoclimatic sites and under three levels of N fertilization. Both grain and N yield of mixture crop were significantly higher (+11%) when chickpea and durum wheat were grown together under either low or moderate N application. Soil N availability as compared to the critical level increased by more than 19% from flowering to harvest stage for intercropped wheat under low N application (N-30 and N-60), while it decreased significantly for intercropped chickpea. In rich N soils and under low rainfall conditions (site 1 and 3), intercropping was generally more advantageous for yield (+14%), N yield (+23%), and land use (103 and 119.5% for grain and N yield, respectively) only with reduced N fertilization as assessed using both land equivalent ratio (LER) and land-use efficiency (LUE). Competition dominance was directly affected by changes in climatic conditions over sites; intercropped wheat was more competitive than their respective chickpea under low rainfall conditions. These findings illustrate the crucial role of competitive index assessment in intercropping to promise a robust method for crop N and yield diagnosis during fertilization decision-making.
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Vitorino, Luciana Cristina, Fellipe Oliveira da Silva, Bárbara Gonçalves Cruvinel, Layara Alexandre Bessa, Márcio Rosa, Edson Luiz Souchie, and Fabiano Guimarães Silva. "Biocontrol Potential of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Physiological Changes in Soybean in Response to Butia archeri Palm Rhizobacteria." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010064.
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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic parasitic fungus that causes Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), which is currently one of the most difficult agronomic crop diseases to control. A number of plants of the Brazilian Cerrado biome have been shown to be important sources of symbiotic microorganisms with biotechnological potential, so we decided to test the potential of bacteria isolated from the dwarf jelly palm, Butia archeri (Arecaceae) for the control of the pathogenic effects provoked by S. sclerotiorum. For this, we bioprimed seeds and evaluated the effects of this biopriming on the OJIP transient patterns prior to and following infection by the phytopathogen. Plants treated with the BA48R strain of Enterobacter sp., and in particular, those treated with the BA88R strain of Bacillus cereus presented the best results in terms of the loss/gain of the physiological and symptomatological variables evaluated. The plants bioprimed with BA88R presented high post-infection levels of total chlorophyll (33.35 FCIs) and chlorophyll a (26.39 FCIs), maintained a high Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI = 18.87), and synthesized low concentrations of flavonoids (1.39). These plants also maintained high levels of PIABS (1.111) and PITOTAL (1.300) following infection, and low levels of Di0/RC (0.602), which indicates that, in the presence S. sclerotiorum, the efficiency of the photosynthesis in the plants treated with these bacteria was less affected in the reaction centers, as confirmed by the negative amplitude recorded in the L band. The present study reconfirms the importance of the use of chlorophyll fluorescence for the diagnosis of disease and conditions of stress in crop plants, in addition to demonstrating the effectivenesss of the BA48R bacterial strain and, in particular, the BA88R strain on systemic resistance induction and suppression of S. sclerotiorum in Glycine max plants, with enormous potential for the development of more sustainable agricultural processes.
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Tagliavini, Massimo, and Bruno Marangoni. "Major Nutritional Issues in Deciduous Fruit Orchards of Northern Italy." HortTechnology 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.1.26.
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Most deciduous fruit crops in Italy are grown in the north and especially in the eastern part of the Po River Valley (mainly in the Emilia Romagna and Veneto regions) and in the Adige River Valley (South Tyrol and Trento provinces). Soils in the wide Po River Valley, where pear (Pyrus communis), peach and nectarine (Prunus persica), kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), plum (Prunus domestica and P. insititia), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), cherry (Prunus avium), and apple (Malus domestica) are grown, are alluvial, generally fertile, fine textured, alkaline, often calcareous and well enriched with Ca. Apple plantings are concentrated in the Adige Valley and located on a variety of soil types, including sandy loam, loamy sand soils or sandy clay, sometimes calcareous. Integrated fruit production is gaining importance and represents more than 80% of apple production in South Tyrol and about 60% of peach and nectarine production in Emilia Romagna. Under these conditions, the main objectives of mineral nutrition are to reconcile production and environmental concerns (minimize nutrient leaching, soil pollution, volatile emissions). In particular, fertilization aims to improve external and internal fruit quality and storage ability, reduce production costs, maintain soil fertility, avoid nutrient deficiency and excess and control tree vigor. Nitrogen applications have strongly decreased in recent years and there is a need to improve the efficiency of N fertilizers while avoiding deficiencies. Research is focussing on application technology, timing of N uptake, internal cycling of N and methods for assessing the need for N application (e.g., using estimates of native soil N availability). Early diagnosis of bitter pit is recommended for guiding applications of Ca sprays. Iron deficiency and chlorosis is a major problem in pear, peach and kiwifruit grown in alkaline and calcareous soils and Fe chelates are usually applied annually to the soil or to the canopy. Current research is focused on agronomic means for controlling the problem and on developing rootstocks tolerant to Fe deficiency.
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Machado, A. C. Z., M. F. Bonfim, and J. V. de Araújo Filho. "Pequi is a Host for Pratylenchus zeae in the Brazilian Cerrado Region." Plant Disease 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0790a.
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The Brazilian Cerrado Region has many natural resources that have high social economic interest. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), a native species from that area, has an edible fruit, which is highly appreciated by the local population, and also a high-quality wood. In January 2010, pequi root samples were collected near the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás State, Brazil (17°49′25.76″S, 51°02′10.06″W). Roots were washed with tapwater, dried on absorbent paper, cut in 1-cm2 pieces, and processed for nematode extraction by the blender centrifugal flotation method (2). The specimens were identified by morphological and morphometrical characteristics of six adult females mounted in formaldehyde temporary slides (1). Morphological characters used for identification included female body, stylet, pharyngeal overlapping, pharynges, postvulval uterine sac, tail lengths, stylet knobs, number of labial rings, vulva position in relation to body length, body diameters (high body, vulval, and anus region), and the de Man's ratios (a, b, b', c, and c'). Characters measured were consistent with those described for Pratylenchus zeae Graham, 1951 (1); the labial region showed three annuli, stylet was 14.83 (±0.93) μm long, with broad, anteriorly flattened basal knobs. Vulva position was 71.66% (±0.98) of body length and spermatheca was round, small, and without sperm (males were not found). Postvulval uterine sac was short (31.3 ± 4.03 μm) and tail (26.6 ± 3.61 μm) was conoid, pointed, and unstriated. Pharyngeal overlapping length was 30.5 (±6.5) μm; pharynges were 150.83 (± 28.16) μm long. The de Man's ratios obtained were: a = 24.26 ± 2.31; b = 3.89 ± 0.69; b' = 3.08 ± 0.48; c = 17.17 ± 1.47; and c' = 2.25 ± 0.19. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. zeae infecting pequi. It is difficult to determine the economic importance of this nematode parasite to pequi production since pequi is not yet a commercial crop in Brazil. This finding, however, has long term importance because researchers have been developing improved cultivars by combining favorable agronomic characteristics with high oilseed content for biofuel production. If these are commercialized, P. zeae could become an important pathogen in pequi plantings. References: (1) P. Castillo and N. Vovlas. Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): Diagnosis, Biology, Pathogenicity and Management. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2007. (2) W. A. Coolen and C. J. D'Herde. A Method for the Quantiative Extraction of Nematodes from Plant Tissue. State Agric. Entomol. Res. Stn. Ghent, Belgium, 1972.
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Lazali, Mohamed, Simon Boudsocq, Elisa Taschen, Mohamed Farissi, Wissem Hamdi, Parthenopi Ralli, and Hervé Sentenac. "CROSYMED Project: Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency through Legumes in Agroecosystems of the Mediterranean Basin." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094695.
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Modern intensive agricultural systems generally focus on the productivity of monocultures. They are characterized by a low diversity of crops, with uniform and symmetrical planting layouts. They largely rely on the utilization of chemical inputs. They are widely denounced for their negative environmental impacts. In this context, the ecological intensification framework proposes the exploitation of biodiversity in order to better achieve such ecosystem services and soil conservation. Intercropping, i.e., the simultaneous growth of two or more crops mixed in the same field, appears to have the potentialities to improve the productivity, resilience capacity, and ecological sustainability of agroecosystems through the intensification of such positive interactions between plants as facilitation and niche complementarity. Cereal–legume intercropping turns out to be effective in low-N agroecosystems, since legumes have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen via their symbiosis with rhizobia. This fixed N, in turn, benefits the cereal through various ecological processes. The objective of the project is to improve the benefit of legumes for intercropped cereals in low-input agroecosystems through the management of plant–plant and plant–microbe interactions. The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis requires phosphorus and iron to be efficient. While these nutrients are prone to be lacking in N-limited agroecosystems, as is the case in Mediterranean agroecosystems, plant–plant interactions and rhizobacteria and mycorrhiza interactions seem to play an important role in their acquisition and efficient utilization. We propose the development of a participatory research project in four Mediterranean agroecosystems. Agronomic and environmental diagnosis will be performed in the field to assess N and P biogeochemical cycles, as well as Fe availability, in combination with the plant performances and the diversity of soil microorganisms. Molecular identification of soil microorganisms from the most productive sites will be done and research of genes for tolerance to Fe- and P-deficiencies will be realized. Glasshouse experiments involving various cultivars of cereals and legumes, as well as the previously identified microorganisms, will be done in order to disentangle the various mechanisms of nutrient acquisition, sharing, and transfer between plants. Other experiments will assess the effects of cereal–legume–microbe interactions on the development and architecture of the plant root systems and root hair development. The lines of research are integrated with a strategy of functional ecology on plant–microbe–soil interactions in the agroecosystems of Gabès (Tunisia), Boumedfaa (Algeria), Beni Mellal (Morocco), and Thessaloniki (Greece). Using multidisciplinary and innovative approaches, the program will provide novel knowledge and understanding of agroecosystem management for food production.
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Dias, Lilian Mara Kirsch, José Camisão de Souza, Roberta de Moura Assis, and Camila de Moraes Raymundo. "Pregnancy diagnosis, fetal quantification and gender estimation by ultra-sonography in ewes." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 33, no. 3 (June 2009): 911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542009000300035.
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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the accuracy of gestation, fetal sexing and quantification diagnoses in ewes. Pregnancy and fetal quantification were diagnosed in 105 ewes at 35 days of pregnancy. For the fetal gender diagnosis sexing diagnose 55 ewes between 49 and 59 days of pregnancy were used. All exams were recorded on DVD for posterior analysis. After birth, lamb sex was recorded to determine fetal sexing precision. Data were analyzed by chisquare (χ2) or Fisher's test, with a significance of 0.05. One hundred percent of pregnancy ultrasound diagnoses were correct. As for the fetal quantification diagnoses, there was an error of 12%. It was possible to diagnose the fetal sex in 87% of the 69 examined fetuses, and 90% of these were estimated correctly. The real-time ultrasound diagnoses were not different from the recorded DVD image diagnoses. Therefore, pregnancy diagnosis accuracy may reach 100%, differing from fetal gender estimation and quantification, which are dependent upon other variables such as fetal gender and examiner experience.
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Kells, James J., Maurice L. Vitosh, and Oran B. Hesterman. "Plant Problem Diagnosis Field Days — An Approach to Extension Education." Weed Technology 1, no. 1 (January 1987): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029134.
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Field days on diagnosis of plant problems were conducted by Extension specialists at Michigan State University. The objective was to expose participants to a variety of plant growth problems. Techniques were developed to simulate crop injury from herbicide and fertilizer misapplication and environmental stress. Twenty demonstration plots each were established for corn (Zea maysL.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. A specific problem was demonstrated in each plot. Two field days were held in 1985. One field day was conducted for agribusiness personnel and the other for Extension field staff. Promotion of the field days was a cooperative effort among Michigan Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan Pesticide Association, and Michigan Plant Food Council. Resource people conducting tours of the plots and leading discussions of the problems included a weed scientist, a soil fertility specialist, and a crop production agronomist. An evaluation survey indicated that this event was useful in furthering the understanding of plant growth problems. Based on the survey responses, future plant problem diagnosis field days are being planned in Michigan.
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Raghupathi, H. B., and B. S. Bhargava. "Diagnosis of nutrient imbalance in pomegranate by diagnosis and recommendation integrated system and compositional nutrient diagnosis." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 29, no. 19-20 (November 1998): 2881–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629809370162.
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CARON, J., and L. E. PARENT. "DERIVATION AND ASSESSMENT OF DRIS NORMS FOR GREENHOUSE TOMATOES." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 1027–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-124.
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Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms were developed in Quebec from the 30% top yielding plants among 733 observations on marketable yields and foliar analyses of spring-grown greenhouse tomato plants. These crops produced between 4 and 6.5 kg plant−1 cumulated over 8 wk of harvest. Fifteen optimum nutrient ratios and concentrations were computed from N, P, K, Ca and Mg analytical results. DRIS norms developed irrespective of plant developmental stage were less sensitive than norms developed for selected sampling periods. Including a dry matter index in DRIS did not modify the nutrient ranking of independent samples, but DRIS and the critical value approach produced different diagnoses. The dry matter index may not only help in the separation of limiting from nonlimiting nutrient but can also become an indicator for modifying carbon accumulation in tomato plants. Since DRIS describes numerically the nutrient equilibrium in plants, fertigation regimes could be adapted to the actual plant requirements.Key words: Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L., tissue diagnosis, nutrient ratio, diagnosis and recommendation integrated system.
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Sarafoglou, Nikias, Rafael Laniado-Laborin, and Menas Kafatos. "Coccidioidomycosis: Medical and Spatio-Temporal Perspectives." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 6 (September 24, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i6.4539.
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Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is a disease of major public health importance due to the challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. To understand CM requires the attributes of a multidisciplinary network analysis to appreciate the complexity of the medical, the environmental and the social issues involved: public health, public policy, geology, atmospheric science, agronomy, social sciences and finally humanities, all which provide insight into this population transformation.In section 1 of this paper, we describe the CM-epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and finally the treatment.In section 2, we highlight the most important contributions and controversies in the history of the CM-research by using scientometric or bibliometric evaluations of research that are based on Garfield’s work (Garfield.library.upenn.edu) on the propagation of scientific thinking.
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Simbaqueba, Ronald, and Francisco Javier Serna Cardona. "Áfidos (Hemiptera: Aphididae) de Colombia, con nuevos registros para el norte de Sudamérica." Caldasia 43, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.77979.
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Los áfidos son insectos importantes en la agronomía por alimentarse de la savia de plantas cultivadas. Sus daños pueden generar pérdidas económicas y llegar a ser letales para las plantas, debido las enfermedades que se desarrollan por los virus que ellos transmiten. A pesar de esta importancia, los inventarios taxonómicos en Colombia son aún incipientes. Además, las especies relacionadas en estudios anteriores no están representadas por especímenes conservados en colecciones, lo cual dificulta hacer corroboraciones taxonómicas. En el presente trabajo, se enriqueció el conocimiento de las especies de áfidos para el país y se generaron registros nuevos de especies para el norte de Sudamérica. La mayoría de las muestras proviene directamente de campo y algunas de museos del país. Se estudiaron 1400 especímenes que se integraron al Museo entomológico Universidad Nacional Agronomía Bogotá (UNAB). Se ofrece una clave taxonómica para 42 especies, las diagnosis e ilustraciones para 27 especies y una lista de 51 hospedantes botánicos. Eulachnus rileyi, Greenidea psidii, Wahlgreniella nervata, Neomyzus circumflexum, Myzus ascalonicus,Illinoia morrisoni y Ovatus crataegarius se registran por primera vez para el país.
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Correia, Pedro José, Ilda Anastácio, Maria Fé Candeias, and Maria Amélia Martins‐Loução. "Nutritional Diagnosis in Carob‐Tree." Crop Science 42, no. 5 (September 2002): 1577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.1577.
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Pošta, J., B. Kadleček, and T. Hladík. "Engine combustion chamber tightness diagnostics." Research in Agricultural Engineering 49, No. 3 (February 8, 2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4961-rae.
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The modern combustion engines and their systems are getting more complicated and sophisticated nowadays. It is no more possible to verify their function or actual technical state directly. Thus various methods of indirect diagnostics are being developed more and more rapidly. The on-board diagnostics is being increasingly applied to monitor and measure suitable diagnostic signals during operation, deviations from required or expected values are then recorded. This trend requires the application of completely disassembly-free techniques of measurements and the real-time analyzing of measured figures. This paper presents the results of the research on relation between the starter’s starting current and the engine combustion chamber tightness. The experiments were carried out for common four-cylinder engine.
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Petrellis, Nikos. "Plant Disease Diagnosis for Smart Phone Applications with Extensible Set of Diseases." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091952.
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A plant disease diagnosis method that can be implemented with the resources of a mobile phone application, that does not have to be connected to a remote server, is presented and evaluated on citrus diseases. It can be used both by amateur gardeners and by professional agriculturists for early detection of diseases. The features used are extracted from photographs of plant parts like leaves or fruits and include the color, the relative area and the number of the lesion spots. These classification features, along with additional information like weather metadata, form disease signatures that can be easily defined by the end user (e.g., an agronomist). These signatures are based on the statistical processing of a small number of representative training photographs. The extracted features of a test photograph are compared against the disease signatures in order to select the most likely disease. An important advantage of the proposed approach is that the diagnosis does not depend on the orientation, the scale or the resolution of the photograph. The experiments have been conducted under several light exposure conditions. The accuracy was experimentally measured between 70% and 99%. An acceptable accuracy higher than 90% can be achieved in most of the cases since the lesion spots can recognized interactively with high precision.
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Gorris, María Teresa, Antonio Sanz, Javier Peñalver, María M. López, Mario Colomer, and Ester Marco-Noales. "Correction: Gorris et al. Detection and Diagnosis of Xylella fastidiosa by Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. Agronomy 2021, 11, 48." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2023): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071826.
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Rezende, Jefrejan S., Fernando J. Freire, Suellen R. V. da Silva, Rosimar dos S. Musser, Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante, Eduardo C. M. Saldanha, Renato L. dos Santos, and Jailson C. Cunha. "Nutritional diagnosis of mango plants post-harvest in anticipation of pre-flowering avoids nutritional stress." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 27, no. 5 (May 2023): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p359-366.
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ABSTRACT The São Francisco Valley region of Brazil is a leading exporter of mango fruits. Previous nutritional diagnosis can identify stresses, provide adjustments for nutritional limitations, and promote more efficient fertilization and nutrient management. This study aimed to compare the nutritional diagnosis of mango trees in the post-harvest and pre-flowering phases and to correlate them with productivity. Norms and indices of the Integrated System of Diagnosis and Recommendation (DRIS), as well as the Nutritional Balance Index and the Potential of Response to Fertilization were generated for each phenological phase of the mango trees. Optimal concentrations and ranges of nutrients were established, classified as deficient, balanced, or excessive, and subsequently compared to each other and to values recommended in the literature. The indices were correlated with the productivity of the orchards in each phenological phase of the mango trees. When comparing the DRIS norms of post-harvest and pre-flowering phenological phases, 55% of the averages differed. The sufficiency ranges of the post-harvest and pre-flowering phases were generally different from those referenced in the literature. Nutritional diagnoses for P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, and Cl altered between phenological phases. The nutritional diagnosis performed in the post-harvest phase showed that nutritional imbalance affected productivity.
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Junaidi, Junaidi, Anne Clément-Vidal, Tri Rini Nuringtyas, Eric Gohet, Siti Subandiyah, and Pascal Montoro. "A Meta-Analysis of Latex Physiology Studies Reveals Limited Adoption and Difficulties to Interpret Some Latex Diagnosis Parameters in Hevea brasiliensis." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 30, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.2.358-371.
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Latex diagnosis is widely adopted in natural rubber-producing countries to optimize the natural rubber production through a physiological-based latex-harvesting system management. This study is the first bibliographical searching and meta-analysis on the variation of latex physiological parameters i.e. sucrose, inorganic phosphorus, thiols, and total solid content. The study used information extracted from 158 scientific papers. Descriptive statistics, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis were performed to characterize applications of latex diagnosis, how often parameters are used and interpreted as well as the variation of its parameter values. From 158 papers, latex diagnosis parameters were used in 114 agronomy, 22 in physiology, and 22 in breeding papers. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that sucrose and inorganic phosphorus contents were clustered together and total solid and thiols contents were located in another cluster. The average values of the total solid content, sucrose, inorganic phosphorus and thiols were 43.9%, 9.4 mM, 16.5 mM, and 0.52 mM, respectively. The percentage of interpretation is 63.3% for sucrose, 54.4% for inorganic phosphorus, 47.5% for thiols, and 41.1% for the total solid content. The low interpretation of thiols and total solid contents question their relevance in latex diagnosis. The low adoption of latex diagnosis in breeding could hinder the selection of activities leads to a limitation of selection for long-term high yielding and stress-adapted clones.