Academic literature on the topic 'Agroforestry'

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Journal articles on the topic "Agroforestry"

1

SUPRIADI, HANDI, and DIBYO PRANOWO. "Prospek Pengembangan Agroforestri Berbasis Kopi di Indonesia." Perspektif 14, no. 2 (September 28, 2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/p.v14n2.2015.135-150.

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<div><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keterbatasan lahan pertanian mendorong masyarakat/ petani membuka lahan baru di kawasan hutan, dengan cara menebang dan membongkar tanaman hutan serta membakar sisa-sisa tanaman dan semak belukar, akibatnya lahan menjadi kritis. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah melalui penerapan sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi. Agroforestri berbasis kopi yang sudah dikembangkan petani berperan dalam : (1) Konservasi lahan, air dan keanekaragaman hayati, (2) Penambahan unsur hara lahan, (3) Pengendalian iklim mikro, (4) Penambahan cadangan karbon (5) Menekan serangan hama dan penyakit dan (6) Peningkatan pendapatan petani. Agroforestri berbasis kopi telah dipraktekkan oleh petani pada berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, diantaranya di Lampung Barat (pola hutan kemasyarakatan dan hutan desa), Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah (pola pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat). Tantangan/masalah yang dijumpai pada agroforestri berbasis kopi diantaranya (1) Tingkat pengetahun petani tentang budidaya agroforestri berbasis kopi yang masih rendah, (2) Terbatasnya modal usaha dan (3) Ketidakpastian status lahan usaha. Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dapat dilalukan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan teknologi budidaya, bantuan modal usaha dan kepastian hukum status lahan. Pengembangan agroforesti berbasis kopi diarahkan pada dikawasan hutan milik Perum Perhutani, hutan kemasyarakan (HKm) dan hutan desa (HD) yang luasnya masing-masing 2.250.172; 2.500.000 dan 500.000 ha. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran agroforestri berbasis kopi terhadap lingkungan, dan ekonomi petani serta prospek pengembangannya di Indonesia.<br />Kata kunci: Tanaman kopi, agroforestri, tanaman penaung, lingkungan, pendapatan, pengembangan<br /><br />ABSTRACT<br />Prospects of Agroforestry Development Based on Coffee in Indonesia</p><p>Limitations of agricultural land to encourage people/ farmers open up new land in forest areas, by felling tree forests and forcing open plants and burning the remains of plants and shrubs as a result of land being serious critical. One effort to over come the problem is through the implementation of a coffee-based agroforestry systems. Role-based on agroforestry coffee farmers that have been developed, by farmers involve on (1) Conserve land, water and biodiversity, (2) Add of nutrients lands, (3) Control of microclimate, (4) Add of carbon stocks (5) Suppress pests and diseases, and (6) Enhancement to the income of farmers. Coffee-based agroforestry has been practiced by farmers in various regions in Indonesia, including in West Lampung (patterns of community forestry and forest villages), West Java and Central Java (forest management with communities). Challenge/problems encountered in the coffee-based agroforestry include (1) The level of knowledge of farmers on the cultivation of coffee-based agroforestry still low, (2) Lack of venture capital and (3) The uncertainty of the status of business land. Efforts to overcome these problems can through training and mentoring cultivation technology, venture capital assistance and legal certainty of land status. Development direction of coffee-based agroforestry can be done conduct of region-owned Perum Perhutani, community forestry (CF) and village forest (VF) which covers each 2.250.172; 2.500.000 and 500.000 ha. This paper aims to identify the role of coffee-based agroforestry on the environment, and the economy of farmers and development prospect in Indonesia.<br />Keywords: Coffee sp., agroforestry, shade plants, environment, income, development</p></div>
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Rahmat Safe’i, Christine Wulandari, and Hari Kaskoyo. "Analisis Kesehatan Hutan dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Pola Tanam Agroforestri di Wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur." Talenta Conference Series: Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/anr.v2i1.579.

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Hutan rakyat dengan pola tanam agroforestri memiliki pengaruh terhadap aspek ekologi, seperti: udara bersih, erosi terkendali, serapan karbon, pengaturan tata air, penyangga ekosistem, penjaga stabilitas ekologi, dan perlindungan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri masa kini dan masa depan harus dapat memperhatikan kaidah-kaidah lingkungan. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, maka hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri harus sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai status (saat ini) kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Studi kasus analisis kesehatan hutan dilakukan pada klaster-plot Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di Wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Jumlah klaster-plot FHM yang dibuat sebanyak empat klaster-plot. Parameter indikator kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri adalah pertumbuhan pohon, kondisi kerusakan pohon, kondisi tajuk, dan kesuburan tanah. Tahapan dari penelitian ini terdiri dari pembuatan plot ukur hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri, pengukuran parameter indikator kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri, pengolahan dan analisis, dan penilaian kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai status kondisi kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur rata-rata dalam kategori bagus. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hutan rakyat dengan pola tanam agroforestri akan menghasilkan tingkat kesehatan hutan rakyat yang sehat. Dengan demikian, pembangunan hutan rakyat di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur Provinsi Lampung diarahkan dengan pola tanam agroforestri. Community forests with agroforestry planting systems have an influence on ecological aspects, such as: clean air, controlled erosion, carbon uptake, water management arrangements, ecosystems buffer, guarding ecological stability, and environmental protection. Therefore, in the management of community forests the present and future agroforestry planting systems must be able to pay attention to environmental principles. To realize this, the community forest agroforestry planting patterns must be healthy. This study aims to obtain the status of (current) health of community forests agroforestry planting systems in the area of ​​East Lampung Regency. A case study of forest health analysis were carried out in Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) plots of community forests agroforestry planting systems in the East Lampung Regency. The number of FHM plots was made in four clusters. Parameters of indicators of community forest health agroforestry planting systems are tree growth, tree damage conditions, canopy conditions, and soil fertility. The stages of this study consisted of making a community forest measuring plot agroforestry planting systems, measuring indicators of community forest health agroforestry planting systems, processing and analysis, and assessing the health of community forests agroforestry planting systems. The results showed that the value of the status of public forest health conditions of agroforestry planting systems in the area of ​​East Lampung Regency on average in good categories. This shows that community forests with agroforestry planting systems will produce healthy community forest health levels. Thus, community forests development in East Lampung Regency of Lampung Province is directed to agroforestry planting systems.
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Rimbawan, Restu, Hafizianor Hafizianor, and Eny Dwi Pujawati. "PENGELOLAAN AGROFORESTRI PINUS - KOPI DAN KONTRIBUSINYA BAGI MASYARAKAT DESA BABADAN PADA KAWASAN HUTAN PINUS PERHUTANI KPH MALANG JAWA TIMUR." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 4, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v4i4.3933.

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This study aims to analyze agroforestry management systems for coffee plant species under pine tree stands in the forest area in Babadan Village at KPH Malang, East Java and to analyze the contribution of pine-coffee agroforestry income. The agroforestry management system applied by the respondents in Babadan Village RPH Wagir BKPH Kepanjen is an agroforestry agroforestry pattern with arabica coffee plants combined with pine trees. The spacing between the pine trees and the pine trees in the two plots is 3 x 2 m², while the distance between the pine trees and the coffee plants is 1.5 m and the distance between the coffee plants and the coffee plants is 3 x 2 m². The results of direct interviews with all coffee subscribers, namely the number of results from coffee production divided by Perhutani, where 29 coffee members received 70% income, namely Rp216,580,000 / year, while Perhutani received 30% income worth Rp.92.820.000 / year. So the average individual coffee subscriber earns an income of Rp7,468,276 / year from the coffee production. Agroforestry's contribution to household income is 33% with a value of Rp. 351,106,000 / year with an average income of Rp12,107,103 / year.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem pengelolaan agroforestri jenis tanaman kopi dibawah tegakan pohon pinus pada kawasan hutan di Desa Babadan pada KPH Malang Jawa Timur dan menganalisis kontribusi pendapatan agroforestri pinus-kopi. Sistem pengelolaan agroforestri yang diterapkan responden di Desa Babadan RPH Wagir BKPH Kepanjen merupakan pola agroforestri agrisilviculture dengan tanaman kopi jenis arabica yang berkombinasi dengan pohon pinus. Jarak tanam antara pohon pinus dengan pohon pinus pada kedua petak adalah 3 x 2 m², sedangkan jarak pohon pinus dengan tanaman kopi yaitu 1,5 m dan jarak antara tanaman kopi dengan tanaman kopi 3 x 2 m². Hasil dari wawancara langsung dengan seluruh pesanggem kopi yaitu jumlah hasil dari produksi kopi dibagi dengan pihak Perhutani dimana 29 pesanggem kopi memperoleh pendapatan 70% yaitu senilai Rp.216.580.000/tahun, sedangkan pihak Perhutani memperoleh pendapatan 30% senilai Rp.92.820.000/tahun. Jadi rata-rata pendapatan perorangan pesanggem kopi memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp.7.468.276/tahun dari hasil produksi kopi. Kontribusi agroforestri terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga responden adalah 33% dengan nilai Rp.351.106.000/tahunnya dengan rata-rata pendapatan perorang Rp.12.107.103/tahun.
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Hiola, Abdul Samad, and Dian Puspaningrum. "PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PRAKTEK KONSERVASI LAHAN PADA AGROFORESTRY ILENGI." Gorontalo Journal of Forestry Research 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gjfr.v2i1.441.

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AbstrackInformation on farmers' knowledge about land conservation practices in limited agroforestry is a barrier to the application of agroforestry. Land conservation practices and their adaptation by farmers in Modelidu Village by exploring their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions in agroforestry. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of land conservation in agroforestry of Ilengi.The results showed the level of knowledge and attitudes of respondents in Modelidu Village regarding the application of land conservation in agroforestry were in the low category (43% and 46%) to moderate (37% and 34%). So that the impact on practice is in the low category (66%) to moderate (28%). While the educational factors and attitudes of farmers influence the practice of applying land conservation in agroforestry of ilengi. RingkasanInformasi pengetahuan yang terbatas tentang praktik konservasi lahan di agroforestri ilengi menjadi penghalang bagi penerapan agroforestri secara luas. Praktek konservasi lahan dan adaptasinya oleh petani di Desa Modelidu dengan mengeksplorasi pengetahuan, sikap, dan persepsi mereka di agroforestri ilengi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek konservasi lahan di agroforestri ilengi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap sebagian besar petani responden di Desa Modelidu mengenai penerapan konservasi lahan di agroforestri ilengi berada pada kategori buruk (43% dan 46%) sampai dengan sedang (37% dan 34%). Sehingga berdampak pada praktik berada pada kategori buruk (66%) sampai dengan sedang (28%). Sedangkan faktor tingkat pendidikan dan sikap petani responden yang mempengaruhi praktik penerapan konservasi lahan di agroforestri ilengi.
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Suyadi, NFN, NFN Sumardjo, Zaim Uchrowi, Prabowo Tjitropranoto, and Dewa Ketut Sadra Swastika. "Status dan Determinan Pendapatan Petani Agroforestri di Lingkungan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai." Jurnal Agro Ekonomi 36, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jae.v36n1.2018.71-89.

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<strong>English</strong><br />Rural communities in Gunung Ciremai National Park (GCNP) are generally low income farmers. Farms that have long been adopted agroforestry farming systems through inter generation legacy. The existing agroforestry technology applied by the farmers remains the simple traditional technology, so that the crops yields and income are low. Understanding the determinants of farmers’ income is useful in formulating the appropriate policy for increasing farmers’ income. This study was aimed to analyze the level and determinants of the agroforestry farmers income in GCNP. This research was conducted in Kuningan and Majalengka Regency, West Java Province, in July to October 2017. The data was collected by interviewing 310 agroforestry farmers which were selected using the cluster random sampling technique with clusters consisted of the locations of farmer groups from agroforestry in the GCNP buffer zone. The data was analized using descriptive statistics and regression inferential statistics. The results show that the income of agroforestry farmers was low because of low agroforestry farmers’ capacity, weak extension support and weak leadership role of informal leaders. Supports of the forestry extension service and informal leaders' leadership roles are needed for enhancing the agroforestry farmers’ capacity in increasing their income.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Masyarakat perdesaan di lingkungan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC) umumnya adalah petani kurang sejahtera yang telah lama menekuni agroforestri turun-temurun. Penerapan teknologi pada sistem usaha tani agroforestri masih sederhana sehingga produktivitas tanaman masih rendah yang berdampak pada rendahnya pendapatan. Berbagai faktor dapat memengaruhi tingkat pendapatan petani agroforestri, sehingga perlu diungkap faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besaran dan determinan pendapatan petani agroforestri di lingkungan TNGC. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Kuningan dan Majalengka, Provinsi Jawa Barat pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2017. Data diperoleh dari 310 orang petani yang dipilih berdasarkan cluster random sampling dengan klaster lokasi kelompok tani agroforestri di desa penyangga kawasan TNGC. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani agroforestri di lingkungan TNGC rendah karena rendahnya kapasitas petani agroforestri, lemahnya dukungan penyuluhan kehutanan, dan lemahnya peran kepemimpinan tokoh informal. Dukungan penyuluhan kehutanan dan peran kepemimpinan tokoh informal perlu ditingkatkan agar petani agroforestri memiliki kapasitas yang memadai dalam meningkatkan pendapatan mereka.
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Insusanty, Enny, M. Ikhwan, and Emy Sadjati. "KONTRIBUSI AGROFORESTRI DALAM MITIGASI GAS RUMAH KACA MELALUI PENYERAPAN KARBON Contribution Of Agroforestry Mitigation Greenhouse Gases Through The Carbon Sequestration." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 5, no. 3 (April 1, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v5i3.4784.

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Agroforestri memiliki kemampuan dalam mitigasi iklim melalui dalam penyerapan karbon. Dengan kondisi tegakan agroforestry menyerupai hutan skunder sehingga memiliki kemampuan dalam menyerap karbon yang cukup besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karbon yang dapat diserap pada setiap model agroforestri yang ada di Kecamatan XIII Koto Kampar. Model agroforestri Karet-GaharuDurian memiliki biomassa adalah 135,35 ton/ha dan potensi karbon 62,26 C ton/ha sedangkan Model KaretDurian memiliki biomassa 82,14 ton/ha dan karbon 37,78 ton/ha. Biomassa model Karet-Gaharu adalah 93,70 ton/ha dengan potensi karbon 43,10 ton/haKata Kunci : model agroforestri; biomassa; karbon Agroforestry has the ability to mitigate climate through in carbon sequestration. With the condition of agroforestry stands resembling a secondary forest that has the ability to absorb considerable carbon. The purpose of this research is to know the carbon that can be absorbed in every model of agroforestry in District XIII Koto Kampar. The agroforestry model of Rubber-Gaharu-Durian has biomass is 135.35 ton / ha and carbon potential is 62.26 C t / ha while the Durian-Rubber Model has 82.14 ton / ha biomass and 37.78 ton / ha of carbon. Rubber-Gaharu model biomass is 93,70 ton / ha with carbon potential 43,10 ton / h
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Pratami, Nandha Maulidya, Muhammad Helmi, and Asysyifa Asysyifa. "KONTRIBUSI PROGRAM AGROFORESTRI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA HAKIM MAKMUR KECAMATAN SUNGAI PINANG." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 6, no. 3 (June 28, 2023): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v6i3.9212.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of the program agroforestry on the income of the Hakim Makmur Village community and analyze the income contribution of the Hakim Makmur Village community from the agroforestry program. This study was carried out in Hakim Makmur Village by taking a sample 50 of KTH Desa members Hakim Makmur with quantitative method based on a list of questions structured (questionnaire). The agroforestry program has a significant effect on farmers income in Hakim Makmur Village with significance P Value (0.01). The average contribution of income from the people of Hakim Makmur Village from agroforestry is 52.6%.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh program agroforestri terhadap pendapatan masyarakat Desa Hakim Makmur dan menganalisis kontribusi pendapatan masyarakat Desa Hakim Makmur dari program agroforestri. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Hakim Makmur dengan pengambilan sampel 50 anggota KTH Desa Hakim Makmur menggunakan metode kuantitatif berdasarkan daftar pertanyaan terstruktur (kuesioner). Program agroforestri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan petani di Desa Hakim Makmur. Dengan signifikasi P Value (0,01). Rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan masyarakat Desa Hakim Makmur dari agroforestri adalah sebesar 52,6%.
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Mandal, Ramasheshwar, Srijana Karki, and Bishnu Hari Pandit. "Application of Google earth in carbon assessment and monitoring in agroforestry: a study from Ratanpur, Nepal." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 6, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2021.06.00234.

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The carbon assessment and monitoring in small scale forests like agroforests are difficult tasks but it creates enormous opportunity as carbon credit. This study aims to assess carbon sequestration potential in agroforestry including soil carbon using google earth imageries. Agroforestry of Ratanpur village in Tanahun district Nepal was selected as the study site. Total agroforests of 19 farmers were selected as the experimental and no agroforests area of 4 farmers were selected as the control site. The high resolution imageries of 2020 and 2015 were acquired from Google earth pro. The digitization was done to classify the image into agriculture, agroforestry, natural trees, settlement areas and others. Total enumeration was done to measure the diameter and height of the plants (tree species) planted in the agro-forest. Moreover, total 69 soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth. The biomass was calculated using Chave et al. equation while soil carbon was analyzed using Walkley Black method. The biomass was converted into carbon which was used to calculate mean annual carbon increment. The result showed the highest carbon stock was 17.6 kg/ stand of Paulownia tomentosa. Total carbon sequestration potential was 2057.689 kg and its monetary value was US$ 30.863. The mean soil carbon stock of agro-forest was higher 52.92 ton/ha than this of 50.3 ton/ha in agriculture site. The map showed it was 7.63 ha agroforest in map of 2020. The overall accuracy of map of 2015 was 90.91% with Kappa coefficient 0.86 but these values were 80.65% and 0.74 respectively of map of 2020. One-way ANOVA and Post hoc test showed that there was significant difference in species wise carbon stock per stand at 95% confidence level. The research will be useful to understand the carbon stock in agroforestry practices.
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Mulyana, Lia, Indra Gumay Febryano, Rahmat Safe’i, and Irwan Sukri Banuwa. "PERFORMAPENGELOLAAN AGROFORESTRI DI WILAYAH KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN LINDUNG RAJABASA." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 5, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v5i2.4366.

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Community-based forest management program provides the access for communities to participate in managing state forests. One of them is conducted through agroforestry planting pattern in village forest. The purpose of this research is to know the performance of agroforestry management on land managed by Sumur Kumbang village community in Protected Forest Management Area of Rajabasa. The data collection was got through by interview and observation; the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results show the performance of agroforestry management in protected forest management area of Rajabasa in moderate performance (productivity 84, sustainability 167, fairness benefit 88, and efficiency 168). Such performance is influenced by forest management system, ie controlled lands and individually controlled forest products; agroforestry business orientation is commercial; and forest structure is a complex agroforestry. Therefore, the Protected Forest Management Unit of Rajabasa and related stakeholders should develop community capacity and strengthen local institutions continuously so that their forests can be managed in a fair, beneficial, and sustainable way.Keyword : agroforestry; village forest; protected forest management unit; performance..Program pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat memberikanakses bagi masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi mengelola hutan negara;salah satunya dilakukan melalui pola tanam agroforestri di hutan desa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui performa pengelolaan agroforestri pada lahan-lahan yang dikelola oleh masyarakat Desa Sumur Kumbang di wilayah Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung (KPHL) Rajabasa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan obsevasi, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan performa pengelolaan agroforestri di wilayah KPHL Rajabasa dalam performa sedang(produktivitas 84;keberlanjutan 167; keadilan manfaat 88; dan efisiensi 168). Performa tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem pengelolaan hutannya, yaitu penguasaan lahan dan hasil hutan yang dikuasai secara individu, orientasi usaha agroforestri bersifat komersial, dan struktur hutan merupakan agroforestri kompleks. Oleh karena itu, KPHL Rajabasa serta stakeholder terkait harus mengembangkan kapasitas masyarakat dan menguatkan kelembagaan lokal secara terus menerus, sehingga hutannya dapat dikelola secara adil, bermanfaat, dan berkelanjutan.Kata kunci : agroforestri; Hutan Desa; KPHL; performa.
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Ariandi, Rahmat, and Jauhar Mukti. "STRATEGI KEBERLANJUTAN AGROFORESTRY DI DESA ULUSADDANG KABUPATEN PINRANG." Gorontalo Journal of Forestry Research 6, no. 2 (October 13, 2023): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gjfr.v6i2.3192.

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ABSTRAKSeiring dengan perluasan luas lahan yang rentan, timbul berbagai isu sosial karena kerusakan sumber daya hutan yang merupakan penopang kehidupan. Dalam upaya menggabungkan manfaat ekonomi, ekologi, dan sosial, model agroforestri muncul sebagai cara untuk optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan, menggabungkan berbagai tanaman kayu, tanaman pertanian, peternakan, dan unsur lainnya pada satu area. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merumuskan alternatif strategi untuk menjaga keberlanjutan agroforestri di Kabupaten Pinrang, khususnya di Desa Ulusaddang. Riset ini berlangsung di Desa Ulusaddang, melibatkan KTH Sipatuo sebagai subjek penelitian. Langkah pertama mencakup analisis tingkat keberlanjutan agroforestri menggunakan pendekatan RAP-AFS dan teknik analisis Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). Selanjutnya, dilakukan perumusan strategi alternatif untuk menjaga keberlanjutan agroforestri dengan memanfaatkan metode AHP melalui perangkat lunak Expert Choice 11. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberlanjutan agroforestri di KTH Sipatuo, Desa Ulusaddang, sebagian besar tergolong dalam kategori kurang berkelanjutan dengan indeks nilai 48,28. Strategi yang diutamakan dalam menjaga keberlanjutan agroforestri di Desa Ulusaddang adalah kemitraan melalui skema program Forest IV, memiliki bobot prioritas 0,610 (61%). Sedangkan, strategi kedua adalah subsidi modal dengan bobot 0,390 (39%).Kata Kunci: Agroforestri, Multidimensonal Scalling (MDS), RAP-AFSABSTRACTAlongside the expanding vulnerable land area, various social issues arise due to the degradation of forest resources, which are the foundation of life. In an effort to integrate economic, ecological, and social benefits, the agroforestry model emerges as a way to optimize land utilization by combining various wood plants, crops, livestock, and other elements in a single area. The aim of this research is to formulate alternative strategies for maintaining agroforestry sustainability in Pinrang Regency, particularly in Ulusaddang Village. This study took place in Ulusaddang Village, involving KTH Sipatuo as the research subject. The initial steps include analyzing the sustainability level of agroforestry using the RAP-AFS approach and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis technique. Subsequently, the formulation of alternative strategies for sustaining agroforestry is conducted using the AHP method through Expert Choice 11 software. The research findings indicate that the sustainability of agroforestry in KTH Sipatuo, Ulusaddang Village, mostly falls under the less sustainable category with an index value of 48.28. The prioritized strategy for maintaining agroforestry sustainability in Ulusaddang Village is partnership through the Forest IV program scheme, with a priority weight of 0.610 (61%). Meanwhile, the second strategy is capital subsidy with a weight of 0.390 (39%). Keywords: Agroforestry, Multidimensonal Scalling (MDS), RAP-AFS
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agroforestry"

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Anderson, Thomas R. "Computer modelling of agroforestry systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13429.

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The potential of agroforestry in the British uplands depends largely on the ability of system components to efficiently use resources for which they compete. A typical system would comprise conifers planted at wide spacing, with sheep grazing pasture beneath. Computer models were developed to investigate the growth of trees and pasture in a British upland agroforest system, assuming that growth is primarily a function of light intercepted. Some of the implications of growing trees at wide spacing compared to conventional spacings, and the impact of trees on the spatial and annual production of pasture, were examined. Competition for environmental resources between trees and pasture was assumed to be exclusively for light: below-ground interactions were ignored. Empirical methods were used to try and predict timber production in agroforest stands based on data for conventional forest stands, and data for widely-spaced radiata pine grown in South Africa. These methods attempted to relate stem volume increment to stand density, age, and derived competition measures. Inadequacy of the data base prevented successful extrapolation of growth trends of British stands, although direct extrapolation of the South African data did permit predictions to be made. A mechanistic individual-tree growth model was developed, both to investigate the mechanisms of tree growth at wide spacings, and to provide an interface for a pasture model to examine pasture growth under the shading conditions imposed by a tree canopy. The process of light interception as influenced by radiation geometry and stand architecture was treated in detail. Other features given detailed consideration include carbon partitioning, respiration, the dynamics of foliage and crown dimensions, and wood density within tree stems. The predictive ability of the model was considered poor, resulting from inadequate knowledge and data on various aspects of tree growth. The model highlighted the need for further research into the dynamics of crown dimensions, foliage dynamics, carbon partitioning patterns and wood density within stems, and how these are affected by wide spacing. A pasture model was developed to investigate growth beneath the heterogeneous light environment created by an agroforest tree canopy. Pasture growth was closely related to light impinging on the crop, with temperature having only a minor effect. The model highlighted the fact that significant physiological adaptation (increased specific leaf area, decreased carbon partitioned below-ground and changes in the nitrogen cycle) is likely to occur in pasture shaded by a tree canopy.
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Flower, Todd E. "Characteristics of farm operator attitudes and interest in agroforestry in Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426055.

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Toth, Justina Marie. "Assessment of potential agroforestry systems for Kafuta a village in the Western Division of the Gambia /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12292007-102517.

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Choengthong, Suchart. "Agroforestry in the south of Thailand /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962512.

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Kajzrová, Soňa. "Impact of agroforestry on dragonflies diversity." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260117.

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Tropical rain forests around the world suffer from deforestation, which is caused mainly by small-scale farmers. These farmers largely employ slash-and-burn methods to clear the land for agricultural settlement. Agroforestry systems are widely found in the humid tropics, where they could have great potential to increase the productivity of farming systems and sustain continuous crop production and they are also supposed to conserve biodiversity. As a group of freshwater invertebrates, dragonflies (Odonata) are commonly used as ecological indicators of freshwater ecosystems. The main objective of the study is to assess the impact of land use changes on dragonflies (Odonata) species richness and diversity, namely primary and secondary forest, cocoa agroforest and slash-and-burn agriculture in the Tropical Africa. We hypothesize, that the species richness and diversity of dragonflies decrease with disturbance of the ecosystems, along the land-use changes gradient.
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Reeves, Laurence H. "Mathematical Programming Applications in Agroforestry Planning." DigitalCommons@USU, 1991. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6495.

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Agroforestry as a sustainable production system has been recognized as a land use system with the potential to slow encroachment of agriculture onto forested lands in developing countries. However, the acceptance of nontraditional agroforestry systems has been hampered in some areas due to the risk-averse nature of rural agriculturalists. By explicitly recognizing risk in agroforestry planning, a wider acceptance of agroforestry is possible. This thesis consists of a collection of three papers that explore the potential of modern stock portfolio theory to reduce financial risk in agroforestry planning. The first paper presents a theoretical framework that incorporates modern stock portfolio theory through mathematical programming. This framework allows for the explicit recognition of financial risk by using a knowledge of past net revenue trends and fluctuations for various cropping systems, with the assumption that past trend behavior is indicative of future behavior. The paper demonstrates how financial risk can be reduced by selecting cropping systems with stable and/or negatively correlated net revenues, thereby reducing the variance of future net revenues. Agroforestry systems generally entail growing simultaneously some combination of plant and/or animal species. As a result, interactions between crops usually cause crop yields within systems to deviate from what would be observed under monocultural conditions, thus requiring some means of incorporating these interactions into mathematical models. The second paper presents two approaches to modeling such interactions, depending on the nature of the interaction. The continuous system approach is appropriate under conditions where yield interactions are linear between crops and allows for a continuous range of crop mixtures. The discrete system approach should be used where nonlinear interactions occur. Under this second approach, decision variables are defined as fixed crop mixtures with known yields. In the third paper, the techniques presented above were applied to a case study site in Costa Rica. Using MOTAD programming and a discrete system approach, a set of minimum-risk farm plans were derived for a hypothetical farm. For the region studied, results indicate that reductions in risk require substantial reductions in expected net revenue.
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Hillbur, Siri. "Farmer's perceptions of agroforestry : A case study about the obstacles and opportunities for agroforestry adoption in Babati, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24135.

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This thesis deals with the perceptions of agroforestry among farmers in Babati, north- central Tanzania. The focus is on which resources farmers perceive that they need to adopt agroforestry and which risks that are connected with agroforestry adoption. It is also to see how farmers perceive that the access to resources changes after agroforestry adoption and how their livelihoods change. The data has been collected through qualitative interviews with agroforestry farmers, conventional farmers and extension officers. After that the data has been analyzed through the sustainable livelihood approach and a risk perception theory. The results show that some of the obstacles or risks that farmers perceive with agroforestry adoption are high input costs, dependency on short-term benefits, competition between trees and crops and lack of education from extension services. Without financial capital and human capital in terms of knowledge there might be too many risks connected with adoption. If agroforestry however is adopted the farmers perceive that the access to firewood, timber and fruits increase which increase their incomes and therefore financial capital. They also perceive that the fruits improve food security and that the timber improves the housing. The firewood is also perceived to improve the situation for women as they do not have to walk as far to collect the firewood. Agroforestry is also perceived to provide environmental services like erosion prevention and increased soil fertility, therefore it increases natural capital. Some trees can also be used as natural pesticides. The increased soil fertility or the access to natural pesticides, however does not seem to affect the use of industrial fertilizers or pesticides. Agroforestry is also not perceived to have any effects on biodiversity or water quality. Even if agroforestry may not be a good choice for all farmers, it can for some farmers increase their ability to cope with stress and shocks like future climate change. This is because the agroforestry system can work as a buffer against increased climatic variability.
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Pasquier, Linnéa. "Barriers and Bridges for Establishing Agroforestry : A qualitative study of Swedish land use policy in relation to agroforestry." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183241.

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Numerous scholars describe agroforestry as an extraordinary food production system that generates viable ecosystems and accommodates regenerative capabilities. Agroforestry may therefore be a promising solution to the future environmental challenges facing food production. This multifunctional land management system is practised in temperate and tropical regions alike, however, it exists to a remarkably limited extent in Sweden. This research points to the complexities in agricultural and forestry policy as a main barrier for wider agroforestry adoption. The foundation of inquiry is thus to analyze various Swedish legislatives and support systems that either facilitate or adverse agroforestry practice, through the lens of political ecology. The research findings derive from a qualitative study, consisting of conducted interviews with key stakeholders in Swedish agricultural and forestry policy. The study contends that a core obstacle for agroforestry development is the dualistic approach to governmental sectors, i.e. forestry and agriculture, and the lack of coordination between them, since agroforestry cannot be classified as neither . A perpetual policy prioritized towards large-volume crop yields, rapid production, large scale investments, calculative assessments and a competitive business sector is moreover identified. The research asserts that these hegemonic discourses permeating policy, consequently act as a disincentive for agroforestry adoption due to the ofttimes long implementation period, high initial investment and uncertain food market for agroforestry produce. In addition, the study illustrates that cultural expectations of landscape mainly give trees a cultural and environmental value, therein neglecting the multifunctionality of woody vegetation - which hence suggest a lack of a holistic approach to food systems. The thesis finally argues that these hegemonic discourses concerning assessment and management of land, together influence the design of state policy and farmers’ attitude towards agroforestry systems. Overall, current policy regulations portray a rather static and incomplete way of managing the dynamic symbiosis of multifunctional food systems.
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Smyth, Susannah. "The role of trees in tropical agroforestry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308355.

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Sinclair, Fergus L. "Light interception and growth in agroforestry systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14424.

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While the light regimes of closed forest strands and open pasture have been quantitatively described and modelled, agroforestry involves greater complexity and spatial variability. This research involved intensive measurement of quantum flux density (QFD) above and below re-spaced tree strands of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) and hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis Henry) in conjunction with measurement of tree growth. QFD was also measured above and below pasture growing in boxes in imported soil sunk to ground level beneath the trees. The Monteith hypothesis that crop growth in unstressed conditions is linearly related to the amount of QFD intercepted by its canopy was found to hold for above ground growth of trees at agroforestry spacings. The overall dry matter: QFD quotient (e) for Picea sitchensis across the range of tree frequencies was 0.32 g mol-1 which is lower than typical values reported for agricultural crops, young container grown trees of Salix viminalis and Populus trichocarpa and closed-canopy Picea sitchensis, but comparable with previous estimates for a range of mature tree stands. e was unaffected by tree spacing, but was significantly higher for the tall tree stand which had been pruned. The mean annual QFD transmitted to the understorey varied from 39% to 96% of that in the open across the agroforestry treatments. The mean transmittance was similar but spatial variability of QFD was significantly higher in tree stands with crown to ground level when compared with stands having similar crown dimensions but which had been pruned to approximately 1.3 m height. More than 90% of seasonal pasture growth could be explained by a regression of growth on incident QFD.
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Books on the topic "Agroforestry"

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Dagar, Jagdish Chander, and Vindhya Prasad Tewari, eds. Agroforestry. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3.

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Services, AGDEX Information. Agroforestry. Edinburgh: Edinburgh School of Agriculture, 1989.

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Atangana, Alain, Damase Khasa, Scott Chang, and Ann Degrande. Tropical Agroforestry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7723-1.

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Programme, United Nations Environment, ed. Agroforestry projects. Nairobi: UNEP, 1986.

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Ssekabembe, Charles K. College agroforestry. Kampala: Makerere University Press, 2003.

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Ssekabembe, Charles K. Agroforestry illustrated. Kampala: Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, 2005.

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Huxley, P. A. Tropical agroforestry. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science, 1999.

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Gordon, A. M., S. M. Newman, and B. R. W. Coleman, eds. Temperate agroforestry systems. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780644851.0000.

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Institute, New Zealand Forest Research. Radiata pine agroforestry. Rotorua: the Institute, 1989.

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Jose, Shibu, ed. Advances in Agroforestry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3323-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agroforestry"

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Blanco-Canqui, Humberto, and Rattan Lal. "Agroforestry." In Principles of Soil Conservation and Management, 259–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8709-7_10.

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Nair, P. K. R., and R. G. Muschler. "Agroforestry." In Tropical Forestry Handbook, 987–1057. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78049-3_4.

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Singh, Anurudh Kumar. "Agroforestry." In Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants in India, 197–205. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5116-6_15.

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Sauer, Thomas J., and Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez. "Agroforestry." In Soil Management: Building a Stable Base for Agriculture, 351–70. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/2011.soilmanagement.c23.

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Tewari, Vindhya P., and Jagdish C. Dagar. "Introduction." In Agroforestry, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_1.

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Quinkenstein, Ansgar, Penka Tsonkova, and Dirk Freese. "Alley Cropping with Short Rotation Coppices in the Temperate Region: A Land-use Strategy for Optimizing Microclimate, Soil Organic Carbon and Ecosystem Service Provision of Agricultural Landscapes." In Agroforestry, 263–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_10.

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Manjaiah, K. M., S. Sandeep, T. Ramesh, and M. R. Mayadevi. "Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Under Different Agroforestry Systems of North-Eastern Regions of India." In Agroforestry, 299–316. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_11.

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Torres-Manso, F., A. A. Marta-Costa, M. Castro, and L. Tibério. "Silvopastoral Systems as a Tool for Territorial Sustainability and Biodiversity." In Agroforestry, 317–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_12.

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Bangarwa, K. S., and Chhavi Sirohi. "Potentials of Poplar and Eucalyptus in Indian Agroforestry for Revolutionary Enhancement of Farm Productivity." In Agroforestry, 335–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_13.

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Muruts, Hintsa, and Emiru Birhane. "Biodiversity Conservation in Dryland Parkland Agroforestry Practice: A Review." In Agroforestry, 359–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agroforestry"

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WIJAYANTO, NURHENI. "Biodiversitas berbasiskan agroforestry." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010212.

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"People and Agroforestry (The Use of Non-Commercial Product of Agroforestry)." In International Social Science, Humanity and Education Research Congress. Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eap.eph716039.

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Khan, Nadeem Ahmad, Arun Khosla, and Parampreet Singh. "Geospatially Enabled Serious Gaming for Decision Support in Agroforestry System: A Conceptual Study." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.55.

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Natural resources are in a constant state of depletion. The main reason being over exploitation of these resources and not contributing to their replenishment. To deal with these challenges, ecologists, leaders and experts have recommended the adoption of an agroforestry agriculture system. Agroforestry is more sustainable agricultural method that provides a long term vision to combat food insecurity. In spite of agroforestry being very useful, still individuals can not foresee it’s advantages. Serious games can motivate people in agroforestry scenarios and involve users in high interaction. GIS is a tool that can help in decision of proper location for agroforestry depending upon past data or information available. This paper defines a conceptual study for serious game to dynamically create 3D real-world agro-forestry environments. The serious games aim to provide visualization, intuitive management, and analysis of geospatial, hydrological and economic data to help participants for the decision support in agroforestry systems.
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"Agroforestry as Climate Change Mitigation." In Seminar Nasional Magister Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. Galaxy Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2020.0603.

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Horakova, Vera, and Miroslav Dumbrovsky. "AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS UNDER LAND IMPROVEMENTS." In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.01.

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The current weather patterns, in the form of more frequent occurrences of hydrological extremes, are increasingly being felt in the Czech Republic. In this context, the paper focuses on the issue of the current management of the landscape, which loses its quality due to these adverse climatic conditions and the influence of man. The aim is to compare selected physical properties and obtained soil moisture data for different uses and cultivation. For sample collections, a site in the Czech Republic in the South Moravian Region in the district of Hodonin in the cadastral territory of Sardice was selected, where land improvements took place in the form of agroforestry systems. Broken and intact samples were taken from sampling sites (a grassy belt with trees and arable land), which were subsequently subjected to the necessary experiments in the laboratory. The data obtained were then evaluated on the basis of individual criteria and compared with each other. Furthermore, humidity and temperature are continuously measured using TOMST moisture sensors, these data are subsequently processed in the form of graphs. The results showed that the way the land is used and cultivated has an impact on the characteristics (quality) of the soil. So, we can influence them both negatively and positively.
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Bamwesigye, Dastan, Evans Yeboa, Seval Ozbalci, Jitka Fialova, Robert Tweheyo, and Obed Asamoah. "YOUTHS PERCEPTIONS OF AGROFORESTRY IN UGANDA: MOTIVATIONS AND WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN HIGHLAND AGROFORESTRY TREE PLANTING AND LANDSCAPE PROTECTION." In Public recreation and landscape protection - with environment hand in hand! Mendel University in Brno, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/978-80-7509-963-1-0403.

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Paradelo Gomes, Kever Bruno. "ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION OF RESIDENT FARMERS IN AGROFORESTRY YARDS." In 38th International Academic Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2018.038.029.

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Flanagan, Brian, Amy Boren-Alpízar, Gary Wingenbach, Robert Strong, and David Lawver. "ORGANIZATIONAL COMPETENCY MODELING FOR AGROFORESTRY EXTENSION STAFF DEVELOPMENT." In 16th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2024.0915.

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Clough, Yann. "Services and disservices of ant communities in tropical agroforestry." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91858.

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Shardakov, Alibek K., and Stanislav R. Revzin. "FEATURES OF AGROFORESTRY LANDSCAPES IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION." In Климатические изменения и сезонная динамика ландшафтов. Екатеринбург: [б.и.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/kfg-2021-39.

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Reports on the topic "Agroforestry"

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Martini, Endri, U. Saad, Y. Angreiny, J. M. Roshetko, H. Gunawan, H. T. Maulana, G. Suganda, G. Dwipayana, L. O. Erwin, and A. Hadedi. Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi series: Evaluation of the Agroforestry Farmer Field Schools on agroforestry management in South and Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp16002.pdf.

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Neufeldt, Henry, Ian K. Dawson, Eike Luedeling, Oluyede C. Ajayi, Tracy Beedy, Aster Gebrekirstos, Ramni H. Jamnadass, et al. Climate change vulnerability of agroforestry. World Agroforestry Centre, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp12013.pdf.

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Jamnadass, Ramni H., Frank Place, E. F. Torquebiau, E. Malezieux, M. Iiyama, G. W. Sileshi, K. Kehlenbeck, et al. Agroforestry, food and nutritional security. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp13054.pdf.

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Feibel, Samuel, James L. Chamberlain, Annabelle Moore, and Katherine MacFarland. Forest farming: an agroforestry practice. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Agroforestry Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nac-an-7.

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Bruijnes, Jeroen, Rik Waenink, and Baudewijn Odé. Richtlijnen voor risicibeperking invasieve exoten in agroforestry : Advies voor het hanteren van een negatieflijst bij aanplant van agroforestry. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/567954.

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Rudebjer, P. G., L. D. Landicho, D. Pipatwattanakul, I. Z. Siregar, and D. D. Boi. Impact of the Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE) on agroforestry education capacity ICRAF Working Paper no. 73. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp15762.pdf.

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E, Martini, Paramita E, and Roshetko J M. Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi series: Information channels for disseminating innovative agroforestry practices to villages in Southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp16034.pdf.

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Kiptot, E., and S. Franzel. Gender and Agroforestry in Africa: are women participating. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/op16988.

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Soeharto, Bambang, Suseno Budidarsono, and Meine van Noordwijk. Gaharu (eaglewood) domestication: Biotechnology, markets and agroforestry options. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp16163.pdf.

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Mulyoutami, Elok, Desi Awalina, Endri Martini, Noviana Khususiyah, Isnurdiyansyah Isnurdiyansyah, Janudianto Janudianto, Duman Wau, and Suyanto Suyanto. Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi series: Women’s participation in agroforestry: more benefit or burden? A gendered analysis of Gorontalo Province. World Agroforestry Centre, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp16036.pdf.

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