Journal articles on the topic 'Agroecosystem'
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Srivastava, Rajani, and K. P. Singh. "Diversity in Weed Phenological Pattern and Seed Rain in Dryland and Irrigated Agroecosystems of Indian Dry Tropics." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 4, no. 01 (January 31, 2018): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v4i01.11610.
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This study was carried out to compare the diversity in weed phenological events, seed production and seed rain in a dryland and an irrigated agroecosystems of Indian dry tropics. Diverse weed phenological patterns were noted in dryland and irrigated agroecosystems. During winter season, in dryland agroecosystem, dominant weeds like Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album and Phalaris minor showed approximately one month early germination and vegetative stage compared to irrigated agroecosystem for same species. The annual flower, fruit and seed production were higher in the dryland agroecosystem (344-351, 219-238 and 365-397 x 103 m-2, respectively) compared to irrigated agroecosystem (211-237, 132-142 and 252-261 x 103 m-2, respectively). The estimated annual seed rain by all species in the dryland agroecosystem (102-112 × 103 m−2) significantly exceeded (P less than 0.05) the seed rain in the irrigated agroecosystem (73−80 × 103 m−2) during both annual cycles. The difference was more marked during the winter season, when more than 3 fold the number of seeds were collected in seed rain during the dryland agroecosystem. There was strong positive correlation between seed production and seed rain, showing the dependency of seed rain (mostly dominated by annual species) on seed production in agroecosystems. Two different agricultural practices that continued for more 50 years on same type of land have cause changes in weed phenological pattern. Greater seed production, seed rain, and longer seed formation period indicate an adaptive mechanism of weed seeds in the dryland agroecosystem.
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Tkachuk, Oleksandr, and Sergiy Vdovenko. "WATER CONSUMPTION BY AGROECOSYSTEMS OF LEGUMINOUS PERENNIAL GRASSES DEPENDING ON VEGETATION YEARS." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-15.
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At the end of the growing season of the first year of life of perennial legumes, the highest soil moisture - 27.45% was observed in the agroecosystem of alfalfa, and the lowest - 24.14% - in the agroecosystem of the horned lily. The coefficient of water use by agroecosystems of legumes of perennial grasses in the first year of their growing season was 455.1-1738.0. The smallest coefficient of water use was in the agroecosystem of the white melilot, and the highest in the eastern goat's rue. At the end of the growing season of perennial legumes of the second year of life, soil moisture in agroecosystems was 11.67-17.00%. It was the largest in the agroecosystem of white melilot, which forms only one cut in the middle of summer in the second year of its life and then dies off, and the smallest in the agroecosystem of sandy sainfoin. The coefficient of water use by agroecosystems of perennial legumes in the second year of vegetation was 429.2-696.7. It was the smallest in the agroecosystem of white melilot, and in perennial legumes that grow by autumn - in the agroecosystem of sandy sainfoin, and the highest was in horned beetle. By the end of the third year of the growing season of perennial legumes, soil moisture had been 18.00-23.11%. It was the largest in the agroecosystem of sandy sainfoin, and the smallest in the horned sainfoin. The coefficient of water use by agroecosystems of leguminous perennial grasses for the third year of growing season was 484.0-619.6. The smallest was in the agroecosystem of the sandy sainfoin, and the largest was the horned sainfoin. At the end of the fourth year of the growing season of perennial legumes, soil moisture was valued in 22.60-25.07%. It was the largest in the agroecosystem of sandy sainfoin, and the smallest in alfalfa. The coefficient of water use by agroecosystems of perennial legumes in the fourth year of their growing season was 489.3-1130.7. Less moisture is used for the formation of a unit of dry matter by the agroecosystems of sainfoin, the coefficient of water use of the agroecosystem of alfalfa is higher by 13.4%. The agroecosystem of Lyadvenets horned had the highest coefficient of water use - 2.3 times more than in the agroecosystem of sainfoin. In conditions of the greenhouse effect, in particular, with an increase in air temperature, an increase in moisture evaporation from the soil and a decrease in the amount of atmospheric precipitation, it is necessary to grow herbs that consume moisture most economically and have the lowest water consumption coefficient: the first year of growing season - white melilot - 455.1; second year - white sweet clover - 429.2 and sandy sainfoin - 472.1; the third year - sandy sainfoin - 484.0 and alfalfa - 510.3; the fourth year - sandy sainfoin - 489.3. When using perennial legumes as precursors of winter crops, it is necessary to use those species that leave behind the largest reserve of moisture in the soil: in the second year of growing season - white sweet clover - 57.6 mm in a 30-cm soil layer; the third year - sandy sainfoin - 81.1 mm; the fourth year - sandy sainfoin - 88.7 mm in a 30-cm soil layer and eastern goat's rue - 84.8 mm.
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Augstburger, Horacio, Johanna Jacobi, Gudrun Schwilch, and Stephan Rist. "Agroecosystem Service Capacity Index – A methodological approach." Landscape Online 64 (December 31, 2018): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201864.
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ustainable food systems (FS) require providing food and other goods and services to humans satisfying food security, right to food, income, social justice and resilience, without degrading human health and hiving high environmental performance. The environmental performance of FS can be evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment. However, research on the impact that FS activities, e.g. crop production have on the capacity of farm-based agroecosystems to provide goods and services to humans is still incipient. Our underlying aim was to understand how FS impact on the provision of agroecosystem services and how this relates to the environmental performance of FS, as a basis for supporting decision-making on how to make FS more sustainable. We propose the Agroecosystem Service Capacity (ASC) as a method for assessing farmbased agroecosystem services, it builds on the Ecosystem Service Matrix by Burkhard et al. (2009) and assesses land cover classes against 20 agroecosystem services. The method was applied to eighteen farmbased agroecosystems in Bolivia and Kenya. Here we present two examples for exploring its potentials and limitations. The ASC operates on the basis of land cover class units and permits the calculation of an aggregate ASC-index for farm-based agroecosystems forming part of a specific FS.
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Wang, Gang, Dongsheng Guan, Qiuping Zhang, Mervin Richard Peart, Xiao Ling, Yujuan Chen, and Zhu Yuanwei. "Assessment of Changes in Agroecosystem Health in Guangzhou, China." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 22, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_1/03.
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Agroecosystem health refers to the extent to which a healthy agroecosystem can meet socioeconomic and biophysical needs of all residents over time. According to the attempts at assessing agroecosystem health, agroecosystem health depends on both functional and structural characteristics at regional level. However, both functional and structural characteristics have been altered from their natural state by industrialization and urbanization. Thus, this study reports a system-based assessment index to evaluate the health statue of agroecosystem in Guangzhou, South China. Agroecosystem health index (AHI) of Guangzhou decreased from 0.78 in 2000 to 0.71 in 2010. It indicated that this agroecosystem was at relatively healthy state. However, functions of both cultural service and economic sustainable development were not successful as they represented ‘worst’ and ‘sub-healthy’, respectively. With the decreased values between 0.7 and 0.9, the other indices also revealed the need for caution. Particularly, both habitat structure index and provisioning service index exhibited well defined declines during this study period. This study suggests that AHI can be potentially employed to monitor the temporal change in agroecosystem health status, although AHI has some certain limitations and needs further improvement for the complexity of agroecosystems.
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Prawito, Priyono, Impetus Hasada Windu Sitorus, Zainal Muktamar, Bandi Hermawan, and Welly Herman. "Soil Properties Variability Under Various Agroecosystems In Ultisols Of Bengkulu." TERRA : Journal of Land Restoration 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/terra.4.2.53-59.
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Understanding the relation of agroecosystem types, ages, and soil properties are vital in maintaining good quality soil. This study aims to explore the variation of selected soil properties with agroecosystem types and ages. The research has been conducted in North Bengkulu, Indonesia. Soil properties on agroecosystems of 5-yr, 10-yr, 15-yr oil palm plantation, 5-yr, 10-yr, 15-yr rubber plantation, food cropland, and scrubland were evaluated. The study found that soil in oil palm and rubber plantations of any age have a similar texture, bulk density (BD), and actual soil moisture (ASM). All plantation agroecosystems and scrubland have higher clay and lower silt content than that in food cropland. In addition, the scrubland has the highest ASM content among the agroecosystems. On the other hand, both agroecosystems enhances soil chemical properties than food cropland and scrubland as indicated by the improvement of organic-C, total-N, available P, exchangeable K and CEC of Ultisols. Older plantation also provides higher soil chemical improvement than younger one. This finding is significant for management of sub optimal soil mainly Ultisols for oil palm and rubber plantation.
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Wittwer, Raphaël A., S. Franz Bender, Kyle Hartman, Sofia Hydbom, Ruy A. A. Lima, Viviana Loaiza, Thomas Nemecek, et al. "Organic and conservation agriculture promote ecosystem multifunctionality." Science Advances 7, no. 34 (August 2021): eabg6995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg6995.
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Ecosystems provide multiple services to humans. However, agricultural systems are usually evaluated on their productivity and economic performance, and a systematic and quantitative assessment of the multifunctionality of agroecosystems including environmental services is missing. Using a long-term farming system experiment, we evaluated and compared the agronomic, economic, and ecological performance of the most widespread arable cropping systems in Europe: organic, conservation, and conventional agriculture. We analyzed 43 agroecosystem properties and determined overall agroecosystem multifunctionality. We show that organic and conservation agriculture promoted ecosystem multifunctionality, especially by enhancing regulating and supporting services, including biodiversity preservation, soil and water quality, and climate mitigation. In contrast, conventional cropping showed reduced multifunctionality but delivered highest yield. Organic production resulted in higher economic performance, thanks to higher product prices and additional support payments. Our results demonstrate that different cropping systems provide opposing services, enforcing the productivity–environmental protection dilemma for agroecosystem functioning.
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Barberi, Paolo. "Functional Biodiversity in Organic Systems: The Way Forward?" Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p26.
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<p>Trends in EU agricultural policies recognize an increasingly important role to biodiversity conservation and use in agroecosystems, including organic ones. However, along with their economic success, organic systems are facing a risk of ‘conventionalization’, i.e. the prevalence of input substitution over agroecologically-based crop management. Understanding what is functional agrobiodiversity and when it can be successfully applied in organics may help strengthen the recognition of organic farming as the reference management system for agricultural sustainability. Here functional agrobiodiversity is defined as a subset of total biodiversity identified at the gene, species or habitat level able to deliver a given agroecosystem service, which extent increases with diversity in the functional group. Different functional agrobiodiversity categories are identified, compared to biofunctionality, and used to illustrate the mechanisms through which they can support agroecosystem services and consequently sustainability. Three case studies taken from the author’s own research are used as examples to illustrate functional agrobiodiversity’s potential in organic systems as well as open questions. Results show that (i) functional agrobiodiversity has potential to support agroecosystem services but it is not possible to generalize the effects; (ii) a given functional biodiversity element may create conflicts between different target agroecosystem services. In those cases, prioritization of services is required.</p>
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Riwukore, Jefirstson Richset, Asnath Maria Fuah, Luki Abdullah, Rudy Priyanto, Ahmad Yani, Bagus Priyo Purwanto, and Fellyanus Habaora. "Profile of Farmers Based Feed Management and Animal Health of Bali Cattle in Agroecosystem Variation at Timor Island." Buletin Peternakan 45, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v45i2.49417.
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The research objective was to determine the profile of smallholder farms based on the aspects of feed management and animal health in different agro-ecosystems on Timor Island. The research was carried out for 6 months, from June to December 2018. The research location was determined by purposive sampling, namely (1) pasture agroecosystem in District of Belu, Malaka, and Timor Tengah Utara, (2) agricultural agroecosystem in Kupang Regency and Kupang City, (3) plantation agroecosystems in Kupang Regency, and (4) forest agroecosystems in District of Timor Tengah Selatan. The purposive stratified proportional sampling method was used to determine the number of samples according to the Slovin formula at an error probability of 0.05 (5%) so that the sampling of respondents was 436 people. Types of data used are primary and secondary data with data methods by observation, interviews (questionnaires), and documentation. Descriptive quantitative data analysis described in a narrative manner. The results showed that for the aspect of feed management, feed preservation was only done by some farmers, with the highest to lowest percentage of actors being plantation agroecosystems (12.8%), agriculture, (5.9%), pasture (1.6%) and forest (0%). Whereas in the aspect of livestock health, the highest to lowest vaccination implementers were carried out in agricultural agroecosystems (98.0%) followed by plantations (92.2%), pasture (66.9%) and forests (44.8%).
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Marnisah, Luis, Jefirstson Richset Riwukore, Fellyanus Habaora, Asnath Maria Fuah, Luki Abdullah, Rudy Priyanto, Ahmad Yani, and Bagus Priyo Purwanto. "Perception of Bali cattle farmers on the performance of Extensionist based on agroecosystems at Timor Island." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 32, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2022.032.02.08.
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This research aims to determine the perception of farmers on the performance of Extensionist in the agroecosystems of pasture, agriculture, plantation, and forest at Timor Island, so that it can be information for improving the performance of extension workers who have an impact on repair the welfare of farmers. This research was conducted from January to December 2018. The research location was determined purposively representing the agroecosystem of pasture, agriculture, plantation and forest. The determination of respondents are 5-10% of the number of farmers in each agroecosystem that has > 10 Bali cattle. Data collection methods are done through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing method uses a Likert Scale, then analyzed decriptivelly. Indicators to measure the performance of livestock Extensionist based on Extensionist profile, materials and methods, procurement of activities, availability of teaching aids, and intensity of extension activities. The results showed that farmers' perceptions at agroecosystems of pasture, agriculture, plantation, and forest toward livestock extensionist in the category agreed that the existence of extensionist could be said well in aspects of Extensionist profile, materials and methods, and procurement of activities. This condition explains that Extensionist in carrying out his duties and functions in the field in accordance with existing standards, namely as a mediator, motivator, educator, communicator, facilitator, and assistance/visits. Nevertheless, it is very necessary to improve and repair the role of Extensionist related to competence so that it can influence farmers to be more productive in developing Bali cattle farming business them. Then Bali cattle farmers in the pasture agroecosystem with the highest value of the use of teaching aids by extensionist were 2 kinds (44,0%). Then the average farmers in agricultural agroecosystems with the highest value of the use of teaching aids by extensionist is 1 kind (40,2%). Next, the average of farmers in plantation agroecosystems with the highest value of using teaching aids by Extensionist are > 2 kinds (47,9%). While the average farmers in forest agroecosystems with the highest value of the use of teaching aids by Extensionist is 1 kind (>77,3%). While the intensity of extension activities during the past year shows that the average farmers in agroecosystems of pasture (70,7%), agriculture (59,8%), plantations (50,0%), and forests (68,2%) said more from 1 time.
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Hoy, Casey W. "Agroecosystem health, agroecosystem resilience, and food security." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 5, no. 4 (September 23, 2015): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-015-0322-0.
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Gonzalez, Hugo Rene Rodriguez, Hermann A. Jurgen Pohlan, and Dennis Jose Salazar Centeno. "Gangia Index (Ϫ) of Beta Diversity and Biomathematical Equations Applied to Quantify the Agroecological Multifunctional Entropy: Macrofauna Observed in Agroecosystems of Nicaragua." Canadian Journal of Agriculture and Crops 7, no. 2 (September 9, 2022): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55284/cjac.v7i2.684.
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The multifunctional diversity in agroecosystems must be studied from systemic and comprehensive approaches of non-parametric analysis. This article provides a new beta diversity index and biomathematical equations that quantify the agroecological multifunctional entropy of biodiversity. Ten agroecosystems were studied in: Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Estelí and Matagalpa. Agroecosystem approaches were conventional versus agroecological. The organisms captured were at 25 points per agroecosystem, for a total of 225 points. The macrofauna surface was identified over 3.1416 m2, in the center a soil monolith of 0.01875 m3 was explored. The data of the analysis required three visions: the first vision is abundance and functional richness forming the Gangia index by inductive method. The second vision is applying antiderivatives together with the Cartesian plane. The third vision is obtaining a global score. In the agroecosystems, 44 families of macrofauna were observed, 32 of them exerted negative functionality: Scarabaeidae, Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, Formicidae and Gryllidae. The families with positive functionality were 12: Lumbricidae, Sthaphylinidae, Rhynotermitidae and Theridiidae. The most important negative function was phytophagous. The positive functions in order of taxonomic richness were: detritivores, predators, omnivores and soil engineers. With the antiderivatives by taxonomic family, polygonal areas were created. The Boaco´s agroecosystems obtained the largest polygonal area with 735 384.5027 u2. The Gangia index of beta diversity was always higher where a greatest number of taxonomic families prevailed exerting positive functions. The Boaco´s agroecosystems obtained the highest value of the Gangia index of beta diversity with 13.72 points.
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Ichihashi, Yasunori, Yasuhiro Date, Amiu Shino, Tomoko Shimizu, Arisa Shibata, Kie Kumaishi, Fumiaki Funahashi, et al. "Multi-omics analysis on an agroecosystem reveals the significant role of organic nitrogen to increase agricultural crop yield." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 25 (June 8, 2020): 14552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917259117.
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Both inorganic fertilizer inputs and crop yields have increased globally, with the concurrent increase in the pollution of water bodies due to nitrogen leaching from soils. Designing agroecosystems that are environmentally friendly is urgently required. Since agroecosystems are highly complex and consist of entangled webs of interactions between plants, microbes, and soils, identifying critical components in crop production remain elusive. To understand the network structure in agroecosystems engineered by several farming methods, including environmentally friendly soil solarization, we utilized a multiomics approach on a field planted withBrassica rapa. We found that the soil solarization increased plant shoot biomass irrespective of the type of fertilizer applied. Our multiomics and integrated informatics revealed complex interactions in the agroecosystem showing multiple network modules represented by plant traits heterogeneously associated with soil metabolites, minerals, and microbes. Unexpectedly, we identified soil organic nitrogen induced by soil solarization as one of the key components to increase crop yield. A germ-free plant in vitro assay and a pot experiment using arable soils confirmed that specific organic nitrogen, namely alanine and choline, directly increased plant biomass by acting as a nitrogen source and a biologically active compound. Thus, our study provides evidence at the agroecosystem level that organic nitrogen plays a key role in plant growth.
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Esthi, R. B., N. C. Irawan, and I. Setiawan. "The nexus between ecological competence, forest area management, and sustainable agroecosystem performance for communities around Mount Merbabu National Park (MMbNP)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1108, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1108/1/012019.
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Abstract MMbNP, with an area of approximately 5,725 hectares through several regulations, is designated as a conservation area and limits human activities to preserve agroecosystems and support natural and cultural tourism activities. MMbNP has the potential to provide food and a source of income for people living around the area, but the intersections that occur cause social, economic, and ecological conflicts of interest. This study aims to determine the relationship between ecological competence, forest area management, and sustainable agroecosystem performance. With a total of 60 respondents, this study used purposive location selection methods and snowballed random sampling to determine the sample size. The data analysis examination uses a partial least square and a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study state that ecological competence is significant for forest area management. Forest area management has a significant effect on sustainable agroecosystem performance. Environmental competence significantly affects the performance of sustainable agroecosystems through forest area management. The conclusion is that implementing systematic and comprehensive management stimulates the community’s active participation in silviculture and biodiversity and increases environmental competence. The performance of sustainable agroecosystems strengthens the role of government, the local economy, health and nutrition, community and culture, and also promotes environmental conservation.
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Susilowati, Sri Hery, Erma Suryani, Iwan Setiajie Anugrah, Fajri Shoutun Nida, and Achmad Suryana. "Dinamika dan Struktur Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Perdesaan di Berbagai Agroekosistem di Indonesia." Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian 18, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/akp.v18n2.2020.121-134.
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<p>Agricultural development has an impact on the structural changes of the rural economy, as reflected in the changes of household income. The changes reflects the agricultural transformation which the direction and magnitude vary among ecosystems. Objective of this research was to analyze the dynamics of household income structure based on land tenure and agroecosystem. The study used panel data of Patanas (2007-2018) in eight provinces with three points of observation. Data was analized using the statistics and qualitative descriptive methods. Results of this study showed that household income, share of agriculture to total household income, and income structure changes were influenced by agroecosystem and land tenure. The largest income inequality was found in the vegetable dryland agroecosystems. Based on this study, it is recommended that to increase rural households’ income in each agroecosystem, among others, are through infrastructure development to facilitate the flow of agricultural products to the markets, employment creation through development of small and medium scales of agricultural based industry in the rural region, and increasing rural workforce skills to improve their access on employment opportunities in the agricultural and non-agricultural sector.</p>
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Conway, Gordon R. "Agroecosystem analysis." Agricultural Administration 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-586x(85)90064-0.
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Zhu, Wenfeng, Songliang Wang, and Claude D. Caldwell. "Pathways of assessing agroecosystem health and agroecosystem management." Acta Ecologica Sinica 32, no. 1 (February 2012): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2011.11.001.
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Skelton, Laura E., and Gary W. Barrett. "A comparison of conventional and alternative agroecosystems using alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, no. 1 (March 2005): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf200478.
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AbstractNatural systems agriculture is based on an understanding that natural systems are self-sustaining due to regulatory mechanisms and processes that help to ensure the long-term maintenance of the ecosystem. An agroecosystem modeled after nature should encompass greater stability and biodiversity at all levels of organization than an agroecosystem based on conventional agricultural practices. The main objective of this study was to determine whether agroecosystems modeled after nature exhibit advantages over conventional agroecosystems. Five treatments were examined: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monoculture, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) monoculture, strip-cropped alfalfa and wheat, and two alfalfa–wheat intercrops (one no-till and one conservation-till). Indicators of ecosystem function studied included primary productivity, soil fertility, plant nitrogen (N) concentration, and abundances of arthropod pests and predators. No fertilizers or pesticides were used prior to or during this investigation. Monoculture, strip-crop and conservation-till treatments produced significantly higher yields than no-till intercropped alfalfa and wheat. Although yields from the no-till intercrop were low, wheat protein values were comparable to other treatments. Soil N concentrations tended to be high in treatments containing alfalfa. Insect pests preferred alfalfa and were, therefore, often more abundant in treatments containing high percentages of alfalfa, as were predators such as spiders. Researching alternatives to monoculture agroecosystems, such as the intercrop systems in this study, may provide us insight into a true natural systems agriculture.
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Ebert, W. "Modelling and simulation of agroecosystems — the winter wheat agroecosystem “agrosim-w”." Annual Review in Automatic Programming 12 (January 1985): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(85)90330-1.
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Susilawati, Susilawati, and Gusti Indriati. "Pengaruh Agroekosistem Pertanaman Kopi terhadap Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Semut (Formicidae)." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v7n1.2020.p9-18.
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<em>Ant (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) is one of the dominant groups of insects and has significant biological and ecological properties. The presence of ants in coffee plantations plays an important role as it functions as a predator. The study aimed to investigate the effect of coffee plantation agroecosystem on the diversity and abundance of ant species. The study was conducted from February to June 2018 at Pakuwon Experimental Station. The coffee plants were divided into 4 groups, based on their locations and agroecosystems, where each group consisted of 4 observation plots. Ants sampling were taken from 15 sample plants in each plot. Observation was conducted on ants found in the stems, leaves, twigs and fruits of coffee plants. The ants were taken for 5 to 10 minutes from each plant. The differences in coffee agroecosystem were grouped based on location, altitude, coffee species, shade plant, and vegetation around the observation site. The study found 59 ant morphospecies with a total of 2,535 individuals. The dominant ant was Dolichoderus sp1. There were 4 ant species that were found in all four locations, namely Camponotus sp1., Crematogaster sp1., Dolichoderus sp1., Polyrhachis sp1. which are predatory. The analysis result showed that different coffee agroecosystem affects diversity and abundance of ants.</em>
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Swanton, Clarence J., and Stephen D. Murphy. "Weed Science Beyond the Weeds: The Role of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) in Agroecosystem Health." Weed Science 44, no. 2 (June 1996): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500094145.
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Integrated weed management (IWM) research has focused on how crop yields and weed interference are affected by changes in management, e.g., tillage, herbicide application timing and rates, cover crops, and planting patterns. Acceptance of IWM will depend on recommendation of specific strategies that manage weeds and maintain crop productivity; such research will and should continue. However, IWM needs to move from a descriptive to a predictive phase if long-term strategies are to be adopted. Linking management changes with crop-weed modeling that includes such components as weed population dynamics and the ecophysiological basis of competition will help predict future weed problems and solutions and the economic risks and benefits of intervention. Predictive approaches would help incorporate IWM into models of the processes that occur in agricultural systems at wider spatial and temporal scales, i.e., in agroecosystems comprised of the interactions among organisms (including humans) and the environment. It is at these larger scales that decisions about management are initiated and where questions about the long-term consequences and constraints of IWM and agriculture are often asked. These questions can be addressed by agroecosystem health, an approach that integrates biophysical, social, and economic concerns and recognizes that agriculture is part of a world with many complex subsystems and interactions. Indicators are used to examine the status of an agroecosystem, e.g., whether or not it contains all that is necessary to continue functioning. Indicators include soil quality, crop productivity, and water quality; all of these are related to the rationale of IWM, hence IWM can be linked to agroecosystem health. Ancillary effects of using IWM relate to other indicators such as diversity and energy efficiency. Linking IWM to agroecosystem health has at least two benefits: (1) predictive models within IWM can be incorporated into larger agroecosystem models to explore hitherto unforseen problems or benefits of IWM, and (2) the relevance and benefits of IWM should become clearer to the public and government agencies who otherwise might not examine how IWM promotes many of the larger social, economic and environmental goals being promulgated.
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MATOS, LAUDICEIO VIANA, SÉRGIO LUIZ RODRIGUES DONATO, BISMARC LOPES DA SILVA, MARCOS KOITI KONDO, and JOÃO LUIZ LANI. "STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF 'GIGANTE' CACTUS PEAR IN AGROECOSYTEMS IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF BAHIA, BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 4 (October 2020): 1111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n426rc.
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ABSTRACT The adaptation capacity of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) plants to edaphoclimatic conditions and plant responses to changes in management systems contribute to increase the use of this species in agriculture and the exploration of its productive potential in semi-arid regions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the structural characteristics and cladode yield of forage cactus plants grown under different agroecosystems in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil. Structural characteristics of plants and soils attributes were analyzed. The traditional information on the crop management and its correlations with cladode yield were used to identify the best yield indexes, considering the peculiarities of each agroecosystem. Plant height, cladode thickness, and number of cladodes of the forage cactus plants evaluated were less affected by the agroecosystem than by the production systems. Cladode width, length, and area were more affected by the agroecosystems. The forage cactus crop yields, expressed by the annual cladode fresh matter yield, were positively correlated with the plant structural characteristics: plant height and thickness, and cladode width and length. The cladode weight per plant and fresh matter yield per area were the yield components most affected by the management system adopted by traditional producers.
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Douglas-Mankin, Kyle R. "Current Research in Land, Water, and Agroecosystems: ASABE Journals 2017 Year in Review." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 5 (2018): 1639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12821.
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Abstract. This article highlights current research into land and water resources, agroecosystems, and agricultural production systems published by the Natural Resources and Environmental Systems (NRES) community of ASABE journals ( and ) in 2017. Context, scope, and key results of the published articles are reviewed and perhaps more importantly areas for increased research attention are recommended. This article describes experimental and modeling advances in hydrology, agroecosystems, climate change effects, soil erosion, agricultural irrigation, agricultural drainage, forest resource management, livestock systems, natural treatment systems, international water issues, and water quality topic areas. Three special collections were published (International Watershed Technology, Crop Modeling and Decision Support for Optimizing Use of Limited Water, and Advances in Drainage). Other focal areas included 14 articles relating to livestock waste management, 13 concerning irrigated agricultural systems, 8 addressing climate change effects on land, water, and agroecosystems, and 16 on various aspects of soil erosion measurement and modeling. Building on the articles reviewed from 2017 and toward a vision of future agroecosystems research, the NRES community of ASABE journals strives to expand its role in making new knowledge accessible to sustain agricultural and natural systems in a changing world. With this goal in mind, recommendations for future research needs are proposed with an emphasis on increased application of remote sensing data to agroecosystems research, improved assessment of agroecosystem resiliency and vulnerability to land and climate change, development of integrated models of agroecosystem services, meeting stubborn water management challenges in agricultural production systems, and focusing on publishing fully reproducible model results. Keywords: Agriculture, Climate change, Composting, Crop models, Crop water use, Crop yield, Drainage, Drought, Environment, Field experimentation, Food, Forest, Greenhouse gas emissions, Hydrologic modeling, Hydrology, Irrigation, Livestock, Manure management, Mode
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Makwela, Maria M., Rob Slotow, and Thinandavha C. Munyai. "Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera) as Indicators of Sustainability in Agroecosystems: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053936.
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The sustainability of agroecosystems is at risk owing to continuous anthropogenic disturbance. As such, there is a need to evaluate indicator taxa that may be used to monitor the health of agricultural management systems. Carabid beetles are ubiquitous and functionally crucial in agroecosystems while at the same time are sensitive to the changes caused by management practices. Their quick response to anthropogenic disturbances has been proposed as a practical and realistic tool for monitoring the sustainability of agricultural practices. However, there is still disagreement about carabids as possible indicators of agroecosystem sustainability. We conducted a systematic review of the responses of carabid beetles to agricultural systems in different biogeographical areas. We examined whether these beetles could serve as potential indicators of agroecosystem sustainability. The ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used to search for papers published from 2000–2019. In total, we included 69 studies indicating the use of carabids to monitor the impact of management practices in agroecosystems. Most studies were conducted in European countries (n = 37), while Southern Africa and East Asia countries were significantly under-represented (n = 10). Carabid beetle response to agroecosystems varied between management practices, with biodiversity indices (n = 41: positive 60%, negative 19%, and neutral 19%) being the most measured response variable, followed by functional diversity (n = 28: positive 67%, negative 25%, and neutral 7%). Overall, our findings highlight the need for more research in underdeveloped countries, to investigate the potential of overlooked carabids and include response variables measuring functional diversity in assessing the sustainability of agricultural management. This will assist policy makers and land managers in making active and informed decisions about agroecological disturbances and management.
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Sajise, Percy, and Asa Jose Sajise. "The Ecological and Economic Aspects of the Multifunctional Role of Agroecosystems." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 3, no. 1-2 (December 15, 2006): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2006.3.1-2.4.
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Current perceptions about agriculture-based systems are rooted in an assessment of their negative and positive externalities, as well as their tremendous influence in the cultural and religious values of communities. Among the emerging concerns is how to integrate this view of the multi-faceted nature and function of agroecosystems, not only in incentive systems but also in national, regional, and global policy guidelines. This paper documents available evidence which shows that the concept of multifunctionality can be used as the basis of agricultural policymaking. The concept of multifunctionality is differentiated and at the same time associated with the popular concept of sustainability. It is pointed out that sustainability finds expression in a multifunctional agroecosystem; that is, multifunctionality is a sufficient condition for sustainable agricultural system but not a necessary condition. Various examples presented in this paper indicate the need to look at the multifunctionality of agricultural systems in a landscape vis-à-vis its historical, spatial and time dimensions of its biodiversity element. The review of field studies provides evidence that ecological processes drive the relationships between the various roles of agroecosystems. The cases cited consist of: a paddy rice agricultural system in Yunnan province in China which has resulted from the interspecific enhancement of agrobiodiversity; a sustainable rice production system among the Bontocs in Northern Luzon, Philippines, where the interaction between the household and the rice agroecosystem has led to improved nutrient recycling; and the Phu Wiang watershed in Northeast Thailand where the lowland agroecosystem productivity is maintained at the expense of the uplands and upper forest areas. The final section concludes with a list of questions that need to be addressed before an effective agri-environmental policy can be implemented within the context of developing countries. These questions hark back to the basic premise that implementing agri-environmental policies rooted within the concepts of multifunctionality involves technology or science, ecology, economics, and institutions. The multifunctional role of agroecosystems, which is just beginning to be slowly unraveled, will become an important area of research, and should prove valuable toward achieving national development as well as fulfilling certain Millennium Development Goals.
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Irawan, A. R., Ashari, T. Sudaryanto, B. Irawan, Sunarsih, and F. S. Nida. "Dynamic of migration and labor productivity in the rural area of PATANAS villages." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012083.
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Abstract The agricultural sector still becomes a source of household income in rural areas, although its role tends to decrease. In the period 2011‒2015, the number of agricultural workers decreased about 1% per year and is inversely proportional to the increasing Indonesian labor, which reached an average of 1.2% per year. Several leading causes of labor decreases are migration and productivity issues in the agricultural sector. This paper aims to determine migration and labor productivity dynamics in three-time points in villages on Panel Petani Nasional Program (PATANAS) located at three agroecosystems: plantation, secondary crop, and vegetable. Amount of respondents in each agroecosystem were 312, 232, and 121 farmers. Data analysis was presented descriptively. The results of the study indicated that labor productivity varies between agroecosystems. The highest increase in productivity occurred in vegetable, then secondary crop, and plantation. Labor productivity in the agricultural sector is inversely proportional to the migration on an agroecosystem. There is not excessive migration in the vegetable agroecosystems since labor productivity is highest than the others. There is a phenomenon of increasing working family members followed by an increase in the number of migrations. This phenomenon negatively impacts the agricultural sector because there is no increase in the number of workers in the agricultural sector. There is a trend for young people in PATANAS villages to undertake permanent migration. Increasing labor productivity in rural areas predicted could reduce labor migration. Efforts that can be created are gradually encouraging off-farm and non-farm activities, including small-scale agro-industries.
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Lou, Shanning, Jiao Ning, Cheng Zhang, Chunmei Wang, Wanhe Zhu, Shenghua Chang, and Fujiang Hou. "Multi-Scale Evaluation of Dominant Factors (MSDF) on Forage: An Ecosystemic Method to Understand the Function of Forage." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042163.
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Grassland agroecosystem plays a key role on resource cycling and sustainability of global ecosystem. Forage is the basic factor and core of the grassland agroecosystem. At a single scale, the most of forage evaluation remain in a state of qualitative or quantitative evaluation, and lack a series of quantitative evaluation at multi spatial scales and influence of society, environment and economy. This study collected dominant indicators at micro, plot, farm, ecoregional and macro scales to compile a systemic evaluation of forage in agroecosystems. A case study is presented for forage evaluation by using plot, farm, and regional data from an arid region of Gansu, China. Multi-scale evaluation of dominant factors (MSDF) was used to aggregate forage evaluation indicators. Results showed that the scale of evaluation had significant effects on the results of the evaluation. The evaluation results of the single index for the same forage species among plot, farm and ecoregional scales were different. Results implied that forage MSDF are needed to guide the evaluation of forage and then production of forage and herbivore in the future. An appropriate scale of evaluation could be selected in term of the forage production objectives and moreover, MSDF evaluation of forage should be used to improve the environmental, social and productive evaluation of forage in a grassland agroecosystems.
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Habaora, F., A. M. Fuah, L. Abdullah, A. Yani, and B. P. Purwanto. "Botanical Composition and Carrying Capacity in Various Agroecosystems on The Timor Island." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 8, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.8.2.72-79.
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This research aims to know the type of vegetation, nutrient components of feed and carrying capacity based on agroecosystems on Timor Island conducted from January-March 2018 (transition from the rainy season to the dry season). The research location was chosen purposively so that those it represented the pasture were in the District of Belu, Malaka, and TTU; agriculture in the District of Kupang and Kota Kupang; plantation in Kupang District; and forests in TTS District. Forage samples were taken using the 1x1m2 quadrant method. The quadrant is thrown at random. All vegetation in the quadrant is cut and analyzed in the laboratory. Descriptive data analysis. The result is that the main vegetation types of Bali cattle consumption in pasture agroecosystems is natural grass with a nutrient composition of ash (9.9%), CP (5.7%), CF (38.5%), EE (2.2%), NFE (36.4%) and TDN (42.1%). Agriculture agroecosystem is ricestraw with a nutrient composition of ash (9.6%), CP (5.8%), CF (27.6%), EE (2.1%), NFE (48.8% ) and TDN (52.8%). Plantation agroecosystems is lamtoro with a nutrient composition of ash (13.6%), CP (12.0%), CF (20.4%), EE (3.3%), NFE (42.8%) and TDN (54.9%). Forest agroecosystems is kabesak with a nutrient composition of ash (8.6%), CP (11.5%), CF (26.9%), EE (1.2%), NFE (44.2%) and TDN (53.1%). The carrying capacity of pasture, agriculture, plantation and forest in sequence are very high, namely 4.8 UT and CCI 0.4 with an average body weight of 229.3 kg; 5.6 UT and CCI 0.6 with an average BB of 188 kg; 6.8 UT and CCI 0.7 with an average BB of 227.5 kg; and 5.8 UT and CCI 0.7 with an average BB of 194.9 kg. The entire agroecosystem area on Timor Island is classified as a very critical area.
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Susilo, F. X., Dewi Rosmawati, and Nur Yasin. "ANTS ALTER INSECTICIDE EFFICACY ON APHIDS IN THE YARD-LONG BEAN AGROECOSYSTEM ?" Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1932-38.
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Ants Alter Insecticide Efficacy on Aphids in the Yard-Long Bean Agroecosystem? This study was aimed to detect the relationship between Aphis sp. and ants and to show whether ants could alter insecticide efficacy on Aphis sp. A survey was conducted in the yard-long bean agroecosystems that have been frequently attacked by aphids and for years treated with imidacloprid insecticide (in Mulyosari Village, intensive sample) versus those barely treated in Ganjar Agung Village (non-intensive sample), both in the West Metro municipal area, Lampung. Two sampling occasions were made (in March and November 2005) where 35 plant parts (i.e. 35 flowers and 35 pods) per sample were randomly observed to record the number of Aphis sp. and ants. The efficacy of the insecticide treatment was determined by comparing the mean number of aphids or ants from intensive versus non intensive samples using a t-test at the 0.05 level. The relationships between ant and aphid numbers were determined by calculating their coefficients of correlation and testing them using a t-test at the 0.01 or 0.05 level. The study showed that the long-term application of the insecticide imidacloprid in the yard-long bean agroecosystem 1) might strengthen the relationship between Aphis sp. and ants (especially Solenopsis sp., Camponotus sp. and Paratopula sp.) and 2) was not effective to suppress Aphis sp. number. Stronger Aphis sp. — ant symbiotic relationship might alter the insecticide efficacy on Aphis sp. in the agroecosystem.
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Rana, R. B., C. J. Garforth, and B. R. Sthapit. "Farmers' management of rice varietal diversity in the mid-hills of Nepal: implications for on-farm conservation and crop improvement." Plant Genetic Resources 7, no. 1 (April 2009): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262108048259.
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Season-long monitoring of on-farm rice (Oryza sativa, L.) plots in Nepal explored farmers' decision-making process on the deployment of varieties to agroecosystems, application of production inputs to varieties, agronomic practices and relationship between economic return and area planted per variety. Farmers deploy varieties [landraces (LRs) and modern varieties (MVs)] to agroecosystems based on their understanding of characteristics of varieties and agroecosystems, and the interaction between them. In marginal growing conditions, LRs can compete with MVs. Within an agroecosystem, economic return and area planted to varieties have positive relationship, but this is not so between agroecosystems. LRs are very diverse on agronomic and economic traits; therefore, they cannot be rejected a priori as inferior materials without proper evaluation. LRs have to be evaluated for useful traits and utilized in breeding programmes to generate farmer-preferred materials for marginal environments and for their conservation on-farm.
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Qu, Hongchun, Rui Xiang, Efrem Yohannes Obsie, Dianwen Wei, and Francis Drummond. "Parameterization and Calibration of Wild Blueberry Machine Learning Models to Predict Fruit-Set in the Northeast China Bog Blueberry Agroecosystem." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091736.
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Data deficiency prevents the development of reliable machine learning models for many agroecosystems, especially those characterized by a dearth of knowledge derived from field data. However, other similar agroecosystems with extensive data resources can be of use. We propose a new predictive modeling approach based upon the concept of transfer learning to solve the problem of data deficiency in predicting productivity of agroecosystems, where productivity is a nonlinear function of various interacting biotic and abiotic factors. We describe the process of building metamodels (machine learning models built and trained on simulation data) from simulations built for one agroecosystem (US wild blueberry) as the source domain, where the data resource is abundant. Metamodels are evaluated and the best metamodel representing the system dynamics is selected. The best metamodel is re-parameterized and calibrated to another agroecosystem (Northeast China bog blueberry) as the target domain where field collected data are lacking. Experimental results showed that our metamodel developed for wild blueberry achieved 78% accuracy in fruit-set prediction for bog blueberry. To demonstrate its usefulness, we applied this calibrated metamodel to investigate the response of bog blueberry to various weather conditions. We found that an 8% reduction in fruit-set of bog blueberry is likely to happen if weather becomes warmer and wetter as predicted by climate models. In addition, southern and eastern production regions will suffer more severe fruit-set decline than the other growing regions. Predictions also suggest that increasing commercially available honeybee densities to 18 bees/m2/min, or bumble bee densities to 0.6 bees/m2/min, is a viable way to compensate for the predicted 8% climate induced fruit-set decline in the future.
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Dariati, Tigin, Kahar Mustari, Muchtar Salam Solle, Fachirah Ulfa, and Hari Iswoyo. "Agricultural landscape management strategies in watersheds towards resilient agroecosystems." Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2021): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jaab.02.02.03.
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A resilient and sustainable agriculture must be able to meet the needs of food for people while taking into account the state of the ecosystem. Aims of this study is to develop a suitable management strategy to be applied to the agricultural landscape in the upstream of Jeneberang watershed in order to form a resilient agroecosystem. This research is a descriptive-analysis research. In this study, information was collected regarding the development of agricultural and agroecosystem activities in the upstream of the Jeneberang watershed. The data used were derived from primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from interviews and distributing questionnaires to respondent farmers, as well as field surveys. Meanwhile, secondary data retrieved from literature studies and data from various related agencies. Several strategies for managing agricultural landscapes towards resilient agroecosystems in the upstream Jeneberang watershed are as follows: diversify agricultural crops and agricultural activities in the upstream Jeneberang watershed; combine the use of environmentally friendly technology to make it suitable for the land; build good communication among the community; and develops agrotourism or ecotourism activities.
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Kanchukoev, Valeriy O., Laura Z. Khalishkhova, Anzhela Kh Temrokova, Berd Yu Tarchokov, and Rustam Kh Taov. "Research on agroecological approaches in the framework of the transition to sustainable and safe agroecosystems." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 7 (2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-7-16-25.
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The article presents an overview of agroecological approaches that deserve attention when discussing the phenomenon of sustainable development, since they link issues of environmental safety, production and consumption, social innovation and the mobilization of local knowledge. The turning points that arise in the development of the world agroecosystem require a change in the paradigm of food production and consumption. Understanding and adequate assessment of the problems underlying the discussion of the issues put forward in the article is the key to the formation of sustainable agroecosystems at different levels. Agroecology is presented as a dynamically developing concept, increasingly visible in agricultural and scientific discourse, capable of making a significant contribution to the transformation of agroecosystems based on ecological principles in order to form socially equitable systems. Agroecological techniques are considered as allowing to master, maintain and strengthen biological and ecological processes in agroecosystems, to form more diverse, resistant to external factors and productive agroecosystems.
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Khalishkhova, Laura Z., Inga R. Guchapsheva, Anzhela Kh Temrokova, and Viktoriya V. Kalitskaya. "Methodological approaches to optimization of agroecosystems." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 12 (2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-12-19-27.
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Within the framework of the article, the methodology of the energy assessment of the functioning of the social ecological-economic system is considered, using the example of a specific agroecosystem as a self-organizing, operationally closed structure; its energy analysis is carried out. A model for the development of the studied agroecosystem was formed, suggesting three options, taking into account the characteristics of land use. The index of sustainability of the agro-ecosystem was calculated; guidelines for the transformation of the structure of the agroecosystem are proposed.; The parameters of the ecological capacity of the soil of the agroecosystem were investigated; revealed the specific weight of ecologically stabilizing lands in the group of lands “arable land-forest-meadows and pastures-water”. The prospects for the development of the agroecosystem on the basis of the formation of a comprehensive technical and technological long-term plan for the functioning and development of the agroecosystem are assessed.
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Khalishkhova, L. Z., I. R. Guchapsheva, A. Kh Temrokova, M. A. Marzhokhova, and O. I. Bagova. "The basic provisions of the concept of ecologically oriented agroecosystem management." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012054.
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Abstract The study discusses the problems of forming the concept of a balanced, environmentally oriented management of the agroecosystem. A set of parameters for managing the agroecosystem is formulated, determinants-constraints of the management process are identified, the possibilities of using an adaptive approach in agriculture are considered, the contribution of the mechanisms of self-organization and self-support of the agroecosystem to the optimization of its functioning is assessed, the most significant blocks of the structure of self-organization of the agroecosystem are identified.
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Turetta, Ana Paula Dias, Rafael Tonucci, Luciano Mansor de Mattos, George Amaro, Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro, Rachel Bardy Prado, Henrique Antunes de Souza, and Aline Pacobahyba de Oliveira. "An approach to assess the potential of agroecosystems in providing environmental services." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, no. 9 (September 2016): 1051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900004.
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Abstract The objective of this work was to present an approach to evaluate soil functions in agroecosystems and their impact on environmental services (ES). An approach with case studies was proposed to assess the relationship between the establishment and management of agroecosystems, in three Brazilian biomes (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga), and their environmental services provision, considering the specificities of each area. A set of soil parameters that can be used as indicators to monitor changes in the agroecosystem was also proposed. The environmental services types most affected by the establishment and management of the agroecosystems were the supporting and provisioning services, showing the potential of agricultural management in providing multiple services, besides food, fiber, and energy. "No fire use" and "agricultural consortium" were the criteria for the establishment and management of agroecosystems with greater potential to increase environmental services provision, whereas biomass stock in soil and litter was the most appropriate soil parameter to be used as an indicator to monitor the impact of agroecosystems in environmental services provision.
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Khalishkhova, Laura Z., Rustam Kh Taov, Taymuraz B. Kaitmazov, and Anzhela Kh Temrokova. "Developing a set of recommendations for improving environmental safety of the agroecosystem." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 12 (2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-12-47-52.
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Within the framework of the study, a set of recommendations was developed to reduce the anthropogenic load based on determining the negative impact of the production activities of the agroecosystem (trellis-dwarf intensive garden) in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic on the state of the environment, the comfort of living and the health of the population. When determining the main measures to optimize the functioning of the agroecosystem, the parameters of the ecological state of the areas of the agroecosystem under study were evaluated, the functional use of the territory at the location of the agroecosystem was analyzed, the level of atmospheric pollution was calculated and analyzed, as well as the level of acoustic (noise) effects on atmospheric air as a result of the production activities of the agroecosystem.
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Cleves, Alejandro, Eva Youkhana, and Javier Toro. "A Method to Assess Agroecosystem Resilience to Climate Variability." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 8588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148588.
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Agroecosystems are influenced by climate variability, which puts their productivity at risk. However, they tend to maintain a functional state through their resilience. The literature presents several methods for assessing general resilience, but for specific resilience to climate variability, there are very few methods. An index is proposed that assesses the resilience of agroecosystems to climate variability, based on approaches and indicators that consider the interrelationships of agricultural systems with the environment. The index is made up of a set of multidimensional indicators, which give weight to the role that these play in the resilience of an agroecosystem. As a result, decision-making is assisted in the attempt to adapt or modify components of a farm, technology, and the culture of farmers. This index conceptually introduces structural and linkage indicators that assess ecological connections within farms and between farms and their environment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, an application was implemented to evaluate the resilience to climate variability of fifty-one farms, located in Colombia, dedicated to citrus production, and it was verified that the most resilient farms were those that have the best qualified indicators, as well as being the ones with the highest level of production and profitability.
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Kurnain, Ahmad, M. Mahbub, M. Septiana, A. M. Makalew, and A. Murjani. "Internal flow of nutrients in organic farming systems in tidal swamp." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012102.
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Abstract Sustainable nutrient management is critical to the success of an agroecosystem. The potential of nutrient flow to agroecosystems in tidal swamps can be observed in several of soil and water management. Tidal swamp land management based on surjan and tabukan system are often used to farm several sub-agricultures, namely rice fields, ponds, and citrus plantations. This study aimed to determine N nutrients’ input, output, and internal flow in organic farming systems. This study is limited to observing the internal components. The integrated organic farming system in tidal swampland, usually used for orange in the raised beds and rice in the sunken beds/wetland sections or fishponds, demontrated the potential for inorganic N-flow between farming sub-systems and between components within the system. Scenarios for the use of rice straw for external production sub-systems such as for citrus plantations and composting for external purposes need consideration. This potential can be a sub-component of nutrient input for other sub-systems or the next planting season. The simulation of the integrated rice-citrus-fishpond agroecosystem model showed a positive nutrient balance, especially N nutrients. This model needs to be further developed.
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Lavrov, V., and T. Grabovska. "Methodological approaches in the study of agroecosystems’ biodiversity." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(167) (December 9, 2021): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-167-2-217-228.
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In agroecosystems, the structure and dynamics of taxonomic and functional biodiversity differs signifcantly from the local intact identical standard types of ecosystems and depends on the type and duration of management, the degree of environmental friendliness of the applied technologies. Agroecosystems signifcantly affect the biodiversity of the surrounding areas. To harmonize its preservation in agricultural landscapes with the aim of optimizing agriculture, it is necessary to improve the methods of its research. It is established that the choice of methodological bases (principles, criteria and methods) of biodiversity research depends on the purpose and hierarchical level of ecosystem analysis, scale of the researched question, as each group of living organisms selected according to a certain principle has its peculiarities, identifcation and characterization of which requires appropriate methods, necessary knowledge, special equipment and other resources of scientifc research. It is advisable to apply a systematic approach, biotic and / or ecological criteria and indices for assessing / analyzing the diversity of biota, the ratio and characteristics of its ecological groups, indicator capacity of species, multifunctional relationships (within and between taxa and their environment) and other ecological indicators describing the state of integrity of the agroecosystem, its functional diversity and dynamics. Gradient analysis by changing the values of determining factors is appropriate for zoning the distribution in space of different levels of agroecosystem transformation and its biodiversity. Retrospective analysis makes it possible to identify the causes, characterize the dynamics of changes in biodiversity in the past and future and justify the directions of its conservation. Key words: diversity of living organisms, agriculture, research methods, ecosystem, connections, ecological factors.
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Dekker, Jack. "Weed diversity and weed management." Weed Science 45, no. 3 (June 1997): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092985.
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The story of agriculture is the story of weed interference. After millennia of weed control we still have weeds. This situation has led many growers to observe that “the weeds always win.” One of the most important reasons weeds are so successful is their biodiversity. Biodiversity is an inevitable consequence of the struggle an individual weed species undergoes in the presence of neighbors, and by occupying a physical space in an agroecosystem. Weeds have evolved in response to cropping system practices by adapting and occupying niches left available in agroecosystems. Forces created by our cropping practices over evolutionary time have led to the weed diversity we observe today. Diversity underlies weed management in several important ways. A plant experiences diversity among its neighbors in at least five different ways. Weeds have adapted to selection in agroecosystems in several ways: (1) genetic variants within a species; (2) somatic polymorphism of plant parts; (3) success in diverse habitat microsites; (4) temporal adaptations within the community; and (5) floristic diversity of a community at higher levels than the species. Herein, weed diversity is discussed in this broader context, in terms of population behaviors that emerge as a consequence of the activities of individual components at lower levels of organization. Diversity is also discussed in terms of its implications for weed management. The potential exists to develop management strategies based on differences in weed and crop diversity. These strategies might be developed by characterization of weedy genetic and phenotypic diversity; enhancement of crop, cropping system, and agroecosystem diversity; and characterization of the spatial distribution of weed populations.
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M. Khais Prayoga dan Ade Ismail. "ANALISIS VEGETASI AGROEKOSISTEM DAN KERAGAMAN JENIS PISANG (Musa spp.) DI DESA MAJASARI KABUPATEN GARUT." AGRO TATANEN | Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55222/agrotatanen.v4i1.649.
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Banana is a horticultural commodity that gets priority to be researched and developed because it has the potential to meet domestic or export needs. Majasari Village, Cibiuk District, Garut Regency, West Java Province is one of the centers of banana production with productivity reaching 27 tons/ha. So far there has been no study related to the analysis of agro-ecosystem vegetation and the diversity of banana species in Majasari Village so that the diversity of banana species is unknown and causes there is still much potential banana germplasm that has not been characterized. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the level of diversity of banana species and their agroecosystem biodiversity in Majasari Village in supporting plant breeding activities. The study was conducted at 21 locations in Majasari Village where the determination of the location was carried out by purposive sampling. The method used in this study is a survey and exploration method as well as interviews with farmers. The results showed that Majasari Village had a high diversity of species in the banana agroecosystem, both annual crops (H = 2.53) and annual plants (H = 2.54). In the banana agroecosystem, 18 types of annual plants were found, 23 types of annual plants were found. The most dominating annual crop is cassava with an INP value of 53,966, while the most dominating annual plant is teak with an INP value of 48,790. From 21 banana agroecosystems in Majasari village, 20 types of bananas were found, consisting of 12 types of fruit bananas and 8 types of processed bananas with a high diversity index (H = 2.67). The dominant type of banana is Ambon banana with an INP value of 37.444%.
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Hmielowski, Tracy. "Managing agroecosystem trade-offs." CSA News 63, no. 3 (March 2018): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2018.63.0308.
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Banks, John E. "DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF TWO AGROECOSYSTEM PREDATORS, PTEROSTICHUS MELANARIUS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) AND COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE), TO HABITAT-COMPOSITION AND FRAGMENTATION-SCALE MANIPULATIONS." Canadian Entomologist 131, no. 5 (October 1999): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent131645-5.
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AbstractUsing alternating patches of weeds and crop [broccoli, Brassica oleracea (L.) (Brassicaceae)], vegetation composition and the spatial scale at which the vegetation was fragmented were manipulated in a factorial design field experiment. The effects of these manipulations were different for two common agroecosystem predators sampled. Sevenspotted lady beetles, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), were unaffected by vegetation-composition treatments but responded strongly to fragmentation-scale manipulations. The beetle Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) was unaffected by both fragmentation-scale and vegetation-composition manipulations. These findings highlight the challenge of developing a predictive theory of the effects of vegetation diversification on assemblages of predators in agroecosystems.
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Panin, Evgeny, and Elena Vysotskaya. "Theoretical foundations of resource potential management of the basic components of the agroecosystem." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 54 (December 31, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202126630.
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The article discusses the main ways of managing the biological resource of the agroecosystem. The features of the functioning of its basic components, such as the plant component of agricultural production, soil, microorganisms, etc., are highlighted. It is noted that for the sustainability and realization of the bioresource potential, the agroecosystem must have: inertia and plasticity. The main basic component affecting the productivity of the agroecosystem is the soil. The possibilities of managing the bioresource potential of its components are limited by a number of biological and environmental conditions, the leading ones of which include agro-climatic, ecological, biological and technological components. Keywords: AGROECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT, BIORESOURCE POTENTIAL, ECOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE, RESTYLING, ADAPTIVE APPROACH
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Carrasco-Espinosa, Karen, Morena Avitia, Alberto Barrón-Sandoval, Thalita F. Abbruzzini, Ulises Isaac Salazar Cabrera, Denise Arroyo-Lambaer, Adriana Uscanga, et al. "Land-Use Change and Management Intensification Is Associated with Shifts in Composition of Soil Microbial Communities and Their Functional Diversity in Coffee Agroecosystems." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091763.
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Despite the central role of microorganisms in soil fertility, little understanding exists regarding the impact of management practices and soil microbial diversity on soil processes. Strong correlations among soil microbial composition, management practices, and microbially mediated processes have been previously shown. However, limited integration of the different parameters has hindered our understanding of agroecosystem functioning. Multivariate analyses of these systems allow simultaneous evaluation of the parameters and can lead to hypotheses on the microbial groups involved in specific nutrient transformations. In the present study, using a multivariate approach, we investigated the effect of microbial composition (16SrDNA sequencing) and soil properties in carbon mineralization (CMIN) (BIOLOG™, Hayward, CA, USA) across different management categories on coffee agroecosystems in Mexico. Results showed that (i) changes in soil physicochemical variables were related to management, not to region, (ii) microbial composition was associated with changes in management intensity, (iii) specific bacterial groups were associated with different management categories, and (iv) there was a broader utilization range of carbon sources in non-managed plots. The identification of specific bacterial groups, management practices, and soil parameters, and their correlation with the utilization range of carbon sources, presents the possibility to experimentally test hypotheses on the interplay of all these components and further our understanding of agroecosystem functioning and sustainable management.
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Ilienko, Т., V. Hurieiev, and O. Chernenko. "Ways of modeling the agricultural sector as a complex object of critical infrastructure." Balanced nature using, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.3.2022.268166.
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The purpose of the research of the scientific work is to clarify issues related to the ways and problems of building models of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in modern conditions. By clarifying the conceptual apparatus and terminology of the subject field, the relationship between the current legal base, the real state of affairs and ways of building models of agroecosystem development in the context of understanding the conceptual unity: “man — society — state” is established. Based on the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine, it is proved that the agricultural sector belongs to the category of critical infrastructure objects. With the help of system analysis, the formation of the qualitative distinctiveness of agroecosystems and the importance of these factors for building development models are demonstrated. A detailed analysis of current risks, the existing methodology of their assessment was carried out and a conclusion was given — the acquisition of the status of a properly designed critical infrastructure facility can minimize the risks of the load on agro-ecosystems to an acceptable level. Based on the generalization of the considered material, the conclusions provide practical recommendations for building models of agroecosystem development on the basis of ecologically safe agricultural land use.
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Makovníková, Jarmila, Boris Pálka, Stanislav Kološta, Filip Flaška, Katarína Orságová, and Mária Spišiaková. "Non-Monetary Assessment and Mapping of the Potential of Agroecosystem Services in Rural Slovakia." European Countryside 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0015.
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AbstractThe updated Slovak National Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 is a key document in the field of biodiversity protection, and assessment together with mapping of the value of different ecosystem services is one of its most important objectives. This study applies the first non-monetary assessment and pilot mapping of agroecosystem services in the Slovak Republic at seven model sites located in the main climatic areas and estimates the agroecosystem services potential of Slovakia as a rural country with a transformed multi-criteria approach used at national level. It suggests that the distribution of the value of agroecosystem services is geographically different probably due to climatic conditions, slope and soil texture. Our assessment provides a suitable basis for further investigation of agroecosystem services and contributes to optimizing sustainable land use management in Slovakia.
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RODRIGUES, EVERTON N. L., MILTON DE S. MENDONÇA, Jr, and RICARDO OTT. "Spider diversity in a rice agroecosystem and adjacent areas in southern Brazil." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 35, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v35i1.9195.
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Spiders are one of the most numerous groups of terrestrial predators and these are found in diverse environments such as agroecosystems and nearby areas. Research on spider diversity in agroecosystems is important for following changes in fauna brought about by management. This work evaluated spider richness, abundance, and species composition similarity between a rice agroecosystem and adjacent environments at different development stages of the crop. The study area was Estação Experimental do Arroz, in Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul state, south Brazil. A sweep net was used with 50 passes per transect as a sample; transects were set in a rice field, in a grassland (a former rice field), and in a nearby forest edge. We sampled 2,717 spiders; 78.7% were young and most adults were females (1.22:1). Representatives of 15 families were collected, the most dominant being Oxyopidae (n = 753) and Araneidae (n = 371). Representatives of 85 morphospecies (adults) were sampled, with the most abundant being Oxyopes salticus (n = 120) and Alpaida veniliae (n=62). Most species were found on the forest edge (62), followed by rice crop (38) and grassland (26). There were significant differences in spider species composition among environments and rice culture periods. Only eight morphospecies were common to all areas; forest edge had the higher number of exclusive species (42). Rice had a typical composition of species, probably due to the ecological selectivity of the spiders. Diversity was higher in the forest edge, suggesting this environment as an important refuge for the fauna living in areas with high anthropogenic disturbance as agroecosystems.
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Velásquez-Trujillo, Vanessa, Juan F. Betancurt-Grisales, Angela M. Vargas-Daza, Carlos E. Lara, Fredy A. Rivera-Páez, Francisco E. Fontúrbel, and Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa. "Bird Functional Diversity in Agroecosystems and Secondary Forests of the Tropical Andes." Diversity 13, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100493.
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Agricultural systems have increased in extension and intensity worldwide, altering vertebrate functional diversity, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystemic services. However, the effects of open monoculture crops on bird functional diversity remain little explored, particularly in highly biodiverse regions such as the tropical Andes. We aim to assess the functional diversity differences of bird guilds between monoculture crops (coffee, cocoa, and citrus) and secondary forests. We use four functional diversity indices (Rao Q, Functional Richness, Functional Evenness, and Functional Divergence) related to relevant morphological, life history, and behavioral traits. We find significant differences in functional diversity between agroecosystem and forest habitats. Particularly, bird functional diversity is quite homogeneous among crop types. Functional traits related to locomotion (body weight, wing-chord length, and tail length), nest type (closed), and foraging strata (canopy and understory) are dominant at the agroecosystems. The bird assemblages found at the agroecosystems are more homogeneous in terms of functional diversity than those found at the secondary forests, as a result of crop structure and management. We recommend promoting more diverse agroecosystems to enhance bird functional diversity and reduce their effects on biodiversity.
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Wagg, Cameron, Aafke van Erk, Erica Fava, Louis-Pierre Comeau, T. Fatima Mitterboeck, Claudia Goyer, Sheng Li, Andrew McKenzie-Gopsill, and Aaron Mills. "Full-Season Cover Crops and Their Traits That Promote Agroecosystem Services." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090830.
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Non-marketable crops are increasingly being used as a tool to promote agroecosystem services and sustainable agriculture. Nevertheless, crops vary greatly in the traits by which they capture resources and influence the local ecosystem. Here we report on the traits and associated soil microbial communities that relate to aboveground biomass production, nutrient capture, weed suppression, erosion control and building particulate organic matter of 22 different full-season cover crops. All agroecosystem services were positively correlated with maximum canopy height and leaf area. Rooting density was positively associated with indices of bacterial diversity. While some legumes produced the greatest standing N and P in aboveground biomass, they were also poor at capturing soil nitrate and promoted high levels of potential plant fungal pathogens. Conversely, Brassicaceae crops had the lowest levels of potential plant fungal pathogens, but also suppressed saprophytic fungi and rhizobia. Thus, not all crops are equal in their ability to promote all agroecosystem services, and while some crops may be ideal for promoting a specific agroecosystem service, this could result in a trade-off with another. Nonetheless, our study demonstrates that plant functional traits are informative for the selection of crops for promoting agroecosystem services.