Journal articles on the topic 'Agrobacterium'
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Mougel, Christophe, Benoit Cournoyer, and Xavier Nesme. "Novel Tellurite-Amended Media and Specific Chromosomal and Ti Plasmid Probes for Direct Analysis of Soil Populations of Agrobacterium Biovars 1 and 2." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.1.65-74.2001.
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ABSTRACT Ecology and biodiversity studies of Agrobacterium spp. require tools such as selective media and DNA probes. Tellurite was tested as a selective agent and a supplement of previously described media for agrobacteria. The known biodiversity within the genus was taken into account when the selectivity of K2TeO3 was analyzed and its potential for isolating Agrobacterium spp. directly from soil was evaluated. A K2TeO3 concentration of 60 ppm was found to favor the growth of agrobacteria and restrict the development of other bacteria. Morphotypic analyses were used to define agrobacterial colony types, which were readily distinguished from other colonies. The typical agrobacterial morphotype allowed direct determination of the densities of agrobacterial populations from various environments on K2TeO3-amended medium. The bona fide agrobacterium colonies growing on media amended with K2TeO3 were confirmed to beAgrobacterium colonies by using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probes. Specific 16S rDNA probes were designed forAgrobacterium biovar 1 and related species (Agrobacterium rubi and Agrobacterium fici) and for Agrobacterium biovar 2. Specific pathogenic probes from different Ti plasmid regions were used to determine the pathogenic status of agrobacterial colonies. Various morphotype colonies from bulk soil suspensions were characterized by colony blot hybridization with 16S rDNA and pathogenic probes. All the Agrobacterium-like colonies obtained from soil suspensions on amended media were found to be bona fide agrobacteria. Direct colony counting of agrobacterial populations could be done. We found 103 to 104agrobacteria · g of dry soil−1 in a silt loam bulk soil cultivated with maize. All of the strains isolated were nonpathogenic bona fide Agrobacterium biovar 1 strains.
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Dubrovna, O. V., and L. V. Slivka. "Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of perspective winter wheat genotypes in vitro." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 26 (September 1, 2020): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v26.1264.
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Aim. Optimization of conditions for genetic transformation of new perspective winter wheat genotypes. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in culture in vitro. Results. The influence of the optical density of cells of the agrobacterial suspension, the concentration of the antibiotic cefotaxime, the duration of coculture on the frequency of obtaining kanamycin-resistant regenerants of new winter wheat genotypes by genetic transformation of callus cultures were investigated using LBA4404 and AGL0 strains. It is shown that depending on the strain the most optimal is the concentration of agrobacteria 0.2-03 OD, duration of coculture for 2-3 days and the use of cefotaxime at a concentration of 250-500 mg/L. Conclusions. The optimal parameters for conducting Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of callus cultures of new perspective winter wheat genotypes were selected.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, callus cultures.
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Denkovskienė, Erna, Šarūnas Paškevičius, Justina Stankevičiūtė, Yuri Gleba, and Aušra Ražanskienė. "Control of T-DNA Transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to Plants Based on an Inducible Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin System." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, no. 9 (September 2020): 1142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-20-0067-r.
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High-value pharmaceutical products are already successfully produced in contained facilities using Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of plants. However, transfection methods suitable for open field applications are still desirable as a cheaper alternative. Biosafety concerns related to the use of recombinant agrobacteria in an industrial transfection process include possible transformation or transfection of unintended hosts or spread of the genetically modified agrobacteria in the environment. In this paper, we explored a novel biocontrol approach resulting in greater biosafety of the transient expression process in plants. Our proposed solution involves inducible expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens toxin PemK and antitoxin PemI that provides for strictly regulated T-DNA transfer from agrobacteria to plants. We also identified several other toxins from putative Agrobacterium toxin-antitoxin modules and demonstrate their potential usefulness in the control of Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a DNA vector.
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Slivka, L. V., and O. V. Dubrovna. "Genetic transformation of new perspective winter wheat genotypes in vitro." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 26 (September 1, 2020): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v26.1278.
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Aim. Optimization of conditions for genetic transformation of new perspective winter wheat genotypes and production of transgenic plants. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro culture using callus cultures. Results. The influence of the optical density of cells of agrobacterial suspension, the concentration of the antibiotic cefotaxime, the duration of coculture on the frequency of obtaining kanamycin-resistant regenerants of new winter wheat genotypes by genetic transformation of callus cultures were investigated. By Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of morphogenic calluses of new perspective winter wheat genotypes were obtained plant-regenerants in the genome of which revealed the complete incorporation of a genetic construct containing oat and nptII transgenes. Conclusions. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of callus cultures of new perspective winter wheat genotypes was optimized, and transgenic plants with the target gene of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase were obtained.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, callus cultures, ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene.
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Shaposhnikov, Anton D., and Tatiana V. Matveeva. "Homologues of octopine/vitopine synthase genes in natural GMOs." Ecological genetics 20, no. 1S (December 8, 2022): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen112343.
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The process of horizontal gene transfer causes the appearance of natural genetically modified organisms. At the moment, it is known that over 7% of dicotyledonous plant species are naturally transgenic, i.e. nGMO [1]. These plants contain the genes of agrobacteria, which are integrated in the nuclear genome during infection. In some species of naturally transgenic plants, agrobacterial genes have been preserved for millions of years of evolution. Among these genes, genes encoding octopine/vitopine synthase (ocs/vis) can be distinguished [2].
The study of homologues of octopin/vitopin synthase genes in naturally transgenic plants: their structures and diversity, products of encoded enzymes will allow us to establish the functions and evolutionary role of homologues in nGMO. Currently, bioinformatic and genetic engineering methods are used to solve these problems.
ocs\vis-like were found in 7 species: Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon G.P.Lewis, Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl., Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC., Rehmannia glutinosa Steud., Santalum album L., Viscum album L. In total twenty one ocs/vis sequences are known in 17 nGMO species. Twenty sequences are intact. This may indicate the functional significance of these genes for nGMO.
Phylogenetic analysis of currently known ocs/vis-like genes of Agrobacterium, Rhizobium and natural GMOs suggests that diversity of studied genes is wider, than it was estimated based on agrobacterial sequences. On the phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method, 6 clusters for ocs/vis can be distinguished. Three clusters contain nGMOs and agrobacteria, showing the relationship of the T-DNA sequences of nGMO with those of currently known strains of of Agrobacterium/Rhizobium. Three clusters contain only nGMOs. One of them consists of species that belong to the Cannabaceae family. Other clusters are heterogeneous. No significant ecological similarities were found among the studied species.
The obtained results can be used to study the diversity of ancient and modern strains of agrobacteria, their host specificity and the possible role of their genes in plant evolution.
The work was supported by the RSF, grant 21-14-00050 and Research Resource Center for molecular and cellular technologies of Saint Petersburg State University.
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Portier, Perrine, Marion Fischer-Le Saux, Christophe Mougel, Catherine Lerondelle, David Chapulliot, Jean Thioulouse, and Xavier Nesme. "Identification of Genomic Species in Agrobacterium Biovar 1 by AFLP Genomic Markers." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 11 (August 25, 2006): 7123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00018-06.
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ABSTRACT Biovar 1 of the genus Agrobacterium consists of at least nine genomic species that have not yet received accepted species names. However, rapid identification of these organisms in various biotopes is needed to elucidate crown gall epidemiology, as well as Agrobacterium ecology. For this purpose, the AFLP methodology provides rapid and unambiguous determination of the genomic species status of agrobacteria, as confirmed by additional DNA-DNA hybridizations. The AFLP method has been proven to be reliable and to eliminate the need for DNA-DNA hybridization. In addition, AFLP fragments common to all members of the three major genomic species of agrobacteria, genomic species G1 (reference strain, strain TT111), G4 (reference strain, strain B6, the type strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens), and G8 (reference strain, strain C58), have been identified, and these fragments facilitate analysis and show the applicability of the method. The maximal infraspecies current genome mispairing (CGM) value found for the biovar 1 taxon is 10.8%, while the smallest CGM value found for pairs of genomic species is 15.2%. This emphasizes the gap in the distribution of genome divergence values upon which the genomic species definition is based. The three main genomic species of agrobacteria in biovar 1 displayed high infraspecies current genome mispairing values (9 to 9.7%). The common fragments of a genomic species are thus likely “species-specific” markers tagging the core genomes of the species.
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Bogomaz, F. D., and T. V. Matveeva. "Expression sequences of opine synthase genes in natural GMOs based on analysis of their transcriptomes." Plant Biotechnology and Breeding 5, no. 3 (October 29, 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-6266-2022-3-o2.
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Agrobacterium is a natural genetic material delivery system that humans use to produce genetically modified plants (GMO). In nature, GMOs also occur with the participation of agrobacteria. In 2019, the list of known natural GMOs was expanded by an order of magnitude, and facts were found in favor of the expression of agrobacterial genes in natural GMOs. The frequency of this phenomenon for dicotyledon plants has been estimated at 7 percent. Opine synthase genes turned out to be the predominant ones of agrobacterial origin in natural GMOs. They probably perform important functions in natural GMOs. In 2021, an article was published with an updated list of natural GMOs, but the list of genes expressed in natural GMOs has not been updated since 2019.The aim of this work is to update the list of opine synthase genes expressed in natural GMOs. The research methods included bioinformatic search using queries based on the sequences of opine synthase proteins from Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A. tumefaciens and A. vitis, their homologues from Ipomoea and Nicotiana plants, in the TSA database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the TBLASTN algorithm with default settings.The study resulted in the addition of another 18 species to the list of natural GMOs with expressed opine synthase genes, 12 of which belong to genera where natural GMOs were not previously described (Albizia, Cenostigma, Averrhoa, Gynostemma, Eurycoma, Gypsophila, Myosoton, Camptotheca, Gustavia, Eschweilera, Cestrum, Jasminum, and Paulownia).An analysis of the diversity of the detected sequences showed that homologues of cucumopine and mikimopine synthase predominate among them. The end products of these genes are optical isomers. In the future, it makes sense to start studying the functions of opine synthases in plants from these genes.
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Adnan, Mohd, Saif Khan, Mitesh Patel, Eyad Al-Shammari, and Ibraheem M. A. Ashankyty. "Agrobacterium." Reviews in Medical Microbiology 24, no. 4 (October 2013): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0b013e3283642449.
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Kaur, Maninder, Pooja Manchanda, Anu Kalia, Farah K. Ahmed, Eugenie Nepovimova, Kamil Kuca, and Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam. "Agroinfiltration Mediated Scalable Transient Gene Expression in Genome Edited Crop Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 10882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910882.
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Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is one of the most commonly used genetic transformation method that involves transfer of foreign genes into target plants. Agroinfiltration, an Agrobacterium-based transient approach and the breakthrough discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 holds trending stature to perform targeted and efficient genome editing (GE). The predominant feature of agroinfiltration is the abolishment of Transfer-DNA (T-DNA) integration event to ensure fewer biosafety and regulatory issues besides showcasing the capability to perform transcription and translation efficiently, hence providing a large picture through pilot-scale experiment via transient approach. The direct delivery of recombinant agrobacteria through this approach carrying CRISPR/Cas cassette to knockout the expression of the target gene in the intercellular tissue spaces by physical or vacuum infiltration can simplify the targeted site modification. This review aims to provide information on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and implementation of agroinfiltration with GE to widen the horizon of targeted genome editing before a stable genome editing approach. This will ease the screening of numerous functions of genes in different plant species with wider applicability in future.
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Bell, C. R., and W. D. Ramey. "Hybrid biovars of Agrobacterium species isolated from conifer roots." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-006.
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A total of 377 heterotrophic bacteria were isolated on nonselective medium from the rhizoplanes of five species of conifer. The species were western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca), and western red cedar (Thuja plicata). Twenty-eight strains from this population were identified as presumptive agrobacteria. All proved nontumourigenic. Principal-component analysis indicated that the strains, which had clustered into two discrete groups, had intermediate biovar characteristics. Cluster 1 was predominately biovar 3/2 in character, cluster 2 was predominately biovar 2/3. All the presumptive agrobacteria were distributed randomly with respect to the tree species. This study demonstrates that agrobacteria, although atypical, do occur in forest soils and attests to the ubiquity of the genus in soil. Key words: Agrobacterium, biovars, crown gall, conifers.
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Penyalver, R., J. J. Sánchez, A. Petit, C. I. Salcedo, and M. M. López. "Tumorigenic Agrobacterium sp. Isolated from Weeping Fig in Spain." Plant Disease 88, no. 4 (April 2004): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.4.428c.
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Agrobacterium-like colonies were recovered onto Roy-Sasser's medium from a young tumor (4 cm in diameter) on the stem of weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.), 10 cm from the crown. The galled plant was collected in 1999 from a garden center in Valencia, Spain. After colony purification and tomato and weeping fig plant inoculations, one nonpathogenic and five Agrobacterium isolates that were tumorigenic in both plant species were characterized. On the basis of biovar classification tests, the nonpathogenic isolate was identified as belonging to biovar 1 of Agrobacterium (now called A. tumefaciens), whereas the tumorigenic isolates could not be assigned to any of the known Agrobacterium biovars. The isolates were positive for oxidase, growth in 2% NaCl, production of alkali from l-tartaric acid, and production of acid from mannitol-CaCO3 and negative for 3-ketolactose production, growth and pigmentation in ferric ammonium citrate, growth at 35°C, citrate utilization, acid production from sucrose and melezitose, and alkali production from malonic acid. Nopaline was the unique opine found in galls induced in weeping fig plants inoculated with the pathogenic isolates. Moreover, all isolates utilize the opine nopaline, but not octopine, manopine, agropine, chrysopine, cucumopine, or mikimopine. They were susceptible to agrocin 84 produced by strain K84. Heat-treated bacterial suspensions of these isolates yielded the expected amplification product using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the FGPtmr530/FGPtmr701′ primers pair from the tmr gene (3). Aerial gall disease was first reported on F. benjamina in Florida (1), and the isolated agrobacteria belongs to a new species named A. larrymoorei (2). Later, tumorigenic agrobacteria from weeping fig galls were isolated in Italy and the Netherlands (4). Our data suggest that the tumorigenic strains isolated in Spain differ greatly from those first described in the United States (1) on the basis of alkali production from l-tartaric acid, chrysopine detection on tumors, susceptibility to agrocin 84, and tmr amplification, but they might be similar to some of the Italian isolates (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of tumorigenic Agrobacterium sp. from F. benjamina L. in Spain. References: (1) H. Bouzar et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:65, 1995. (2) H. Bouzar and J. B. Jones. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:1023. 2001. (3) X. Nesme et al. Pages 47–50 in: Endocytobiology IV. P. Nardon et al. eds. INRA, France, 1989. (4) A. Zoina et al. Plant Pathol. 50:620, 2001.
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Attai, Hedieh, and Pamela J. B. Brown. "Isolation and Characterization T4- and T7-Like Phages that Infect the Bacterial Plant Pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens." Viruses 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2019): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060528.
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In the rhizosphere, bacteria–phage interactions are likely to have important impacts on the ecology of microbial communities and microbe–plant interactions. To better understand the dynamics of Agrobacteria–phage interactions, we have isolated diverse bacteriophages which infect the bacterial plant pathogen, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Here, we complete the genomic characterization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens phages Atu_ph04 and Atu_ph08. Atu_ph04—a T4-like phage belonging to the Myoviridae family—was isolated from waste water and has a 143,349 bp genome that encodes 223 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Based on phylogenetic analysis and whole-genome alignments, Atu_ph04 is a member of a newly described T4 superfamily that contains other Rhizobiales-infecting phages. Atu_ph08, a member of the Podoviridae T7-like family, was isolated from waste water, has a 59,034 bp genome, and encodes 75 ORFs. Based on phylogenetic analysis and whole-genome alignments, Atu_ph08 may form a new T7 superfamily which includes Sinorhizobium phage PCB5 and Ochrobactrum phage POI1126. Atu_ph08 is predicted to have lysogenic activity, as we found evidence of an integrase and several transcriptional repressors with similarity to proteins in transducing phage P22. Together, this data suggests that Agrobacterium phages are diverse in morphology, genomic content, and lifestyle.
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ŠABEC-PARADIŽ, Marta, and Vojko ŠKERLAVAJ. "Bakterijski rak koreninskega vratu na vinski trti v Sloveniji." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 75, no. 1 (March 15, 2000): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2000.75.1.15824.
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42 samples of grapevine plants and propagating material were taken in 2 Slovene vine growing districts and tested for the presence of Agrobacterium sp. 31 samples had suspicious symptoms, the other 11 did not have them. The samples were analysed using 4 methods: growth of agrobacteria on 4 semiselective media, detection of T-DNA carrying oncogenes tmr, acs and vis/6b by PCR, detection of opines in tumor tissue and pathogenicity testing on tomato and Kalanchoe daigremontiana plants. 20 samples with symptoms were proved to be infected with Agrobacterium vitis by means of molecular method and 19 by detection of opines. A. vitis was also proved in 3 samples without symptoms. 19 isolates induced tumor formation on tested plants. This is the first evidence of A.vitis in Slovenia.
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Dubrovna, O. V., and L. V. Slivka. "Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation conditions of prospective genotypes of winter bread wheat by in planta method." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 28 (August 31, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v28.1377.
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Aim. Optimization of conditions for genetic transformation of new promising genotypes of winter bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) by in planta method. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by in planta method using the strain AGL0 and vector construct pBi2E. Results. The influence of air temperature, optical density of cells of agrobacterial suspension, inoculation day and composition of inoculation medium on the frequency of obtaining transgenic plants of new winter wheat genotypes was studied. The dependence of the frequency obtaining of transgenic plants from environmental conditions, in particular temperature, has been established. It was found that the temperature regime of 20-22°C provided the largest number (4.8%) of wheat transformants, and when the temperature is reduced to 16-18°C there is a decrease in the efficiency of T-DNA transfer into the plant genome and the lowest frequency of transformation (0.7%). Conclusions. The largest number of transformants was obtained using a inoculation medium without sucrose, the optical density of cells of the agrobacterial suspension of 0.6 op.od. and inoculation on the third day after castration of ears.
Keywords: T. aestivum, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta, optimization of conditions.
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Slivka, L. V., and O. V. Dubrovna. "Genetic transformation of promising genotypes of winter bread wheat by in planta method." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 28 (August 31, 2021): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v28.1384.
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Aim. Optimization of conditions and genetic transformation of new promising genotypes of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by in planta method. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by the in planta method using strain AGL0 and vector construct pBi-OAT. Results. The influence of air temperature, optical density of cells of agrobacterial suspension, inoculation day and composition of inoculation medium on the frequency of obtaining transgenic plants of new promising genotypes of winter wheat was studied. The dependence of the frequency of obtaining transgenic plants on environmental conditions, in particular temperature, has been established. It was found that the temperature regime of 20-22 °C provided the largest number (4.4%) of wheat transformants, and when the temperature is reduced to 16-18 °C there is a decrease in the efficiency of T-DNA transfer into the plant genome and the lowest frequency of transformation is observed. Conclusions. The largest number of transformants was obtained using a inoculation medium without sucrose, the optical density of cells of the agrobacterial suspension of 0.4 op.od. and inoculation on the third day after castration of ears.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene.
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Hohn, Barbara, Zdena Koukolíková-Nicola, Guus Bakkeren, and Nigel Grimsley. "Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to monocots and dicots." Genome 31, no. 2 (January 15, 1989): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-172.
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The interaction of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens with plants constitutes a unique kind of genetic flux: the bacterium transfers the T-DNA part of its Ti plasmid to plant cells, where it is integrated into the genome. Possible transfer intermediates, isolated from bacteria and from plants early after transfer, are described. Agroinfection, Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of plant viral genomes, is employed to monitor early events in T-DNA transfer in dicot plants. Graminaceous monocots, so far excluded from Agrobacterium's host range because of lack of tumor formation, have been shown to be agroinfectable. This newly discovered interaction between grasses and the pathogen is described in terms of the efficiency of gene transfer as compared with dicot hosts, the involvement of the bacterium's virulence genes, the susceptibility of various developmental stages of the host, the implications for biotechnology, and the evolutionary aspects of this host–parasite relationship.Key words: T-DNA, agroinfection, maize streak virus, plant transformation, Zea mays.
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Amana, Koei H., and Shigeru Matsuzaki. "Polyamines and their biosynthetic activities in nonphytopathogenic marine agrobacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-099.
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Eight strains of nonphytopathogenic agrobacteria, whose taxonomic positions are uncertain, were analyzed for their polyamine contents and their polyamine biosynthetic activities. They were separated into five types on the basis of polyamine distribution patterns. The first group contains putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine as major polyamines, the second spermidine alone, the third cadaverine alone, the fourth putrescine, spermidine, spermine, homospermidine, and aminopropyl-homospermidine, and the last contains trace amounts of diaminopropane and spermidine. These polyamine patterns of eight species seem to suggest no close phylogenic relationship among these agrobacteria and are different from those of other typical, phytopathogenic species belonging to Agrobacterium. Key words: agrobacteria, decarboxylases, polyamines, homospermidine, aminopropylhomospermidine.
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Danilova, S. A., and Yu I. Dolgikh. "Optimization of Agrobacterial (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) Transformation of Maize Embryogenic Callus." Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 52, no. 4 (July 2005): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11183-005-0079-5.
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Kim, Heenam, and Stephen K. Farrand. "Opine Catabolic Loci from Agrobacterium Plasmids Confer Chemotaxis to Their Cognate Substrates." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 2 (February 1998): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.2.131.
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Opines are carbon compounds produced by crown galls and hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, respectively. These novel condensation products of plant metabolic intermediates are utilized as nutritional sources by the Agrobacterium strains that induced the growths. Thus, opines are thought to favor the propagation of agrobacteria in the tumorsphere. Certain Agrobacterium strains were chemoattracted to opines. The chemotactic activities to octopine, to nopaline, to manno-pine, and to agrocinopines A+B were dependent on the type of the Ti plasmid present in the bacterium. The determinants for chemotaxis to these opines were localized to the regions of the octopine- and nopaline-type Ti plasmids coding for transport and catabolism of that opine. An insertion in accA, which encodes the periplasmic binding protein for agrocinopines A+B, abolished chemotaxis while an insertion in accC, which encodes a component of the transport system, and an insertion in accF, which encodes a function required for agrocinopine catabolism, did not affect chemotaxis to this opine. Thus, transport and catabolism of these opines are not required for the chemo-tactic activity. Analyses of subclones of the acc region confirmed that accA is the only gene required from the Ti plasmid for chemotaxis to agrocinopines A+B.
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Llop, Pablo, Jesús Murillo, Beatriz Lastra, and María M. López. "Recovery of Nonpathogenic Mutant Bacteria from Tumors Caused by Several Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strains: a Frequent Event?" Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 20 (August 21, 2009): 6504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01867-08.
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ABSTRACT We have evaluated the interaction that bacterial genotypes and plant hosts have with the loss of pathogenicity in tumors, using seven Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains inoculated on 12 herbaceous and woody hosts. We performed a screening of the agrobacteria present inside the tumors, looking for nonpathogenic strains, and found a high variability of those strains in this niche. To verify the origin of the putative nonpathogenic mutant bacteria, we applied an efficient, reproducible, and specific randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis method. In contrast with previous studies, we recovered a very small percentage (0.01%) of nonpathogenic strains that can be considered true mutants. Of 5,419 agrobacterial isolates examined, 662 were nonpathogenic in tomato, although only 7 (from pepper and tomato tumors induced by two A. tumefaciens strains) could be considered to derive from the inoculated strain. Six mutants were affected in the transferred DNA (T-DNA) region; one of them contained IS426 inserted into the iaaM gene, whereas the whole T-DNA region was apparently deleted in three other mutants, and the virulence of the remaining two mutants was fully restored with the T-DNA genes as well. The plasmid profile was altered in six of the mutants, with changes in the size of the Ti plasmid or other plasmids and/or the acquisition of new plasmids. Our results also suggest that the frequent occurrence of nonpathogenic clones in the tumors is probably due to the preferential growth of nonpathogenic agrobacteria, of either endophytic or environmental origin, but different from the bacterial strain inducing the tumor.
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Mhamdi, Ridha, Moncef Mrabet, Gisèle Laguerre, Ravi Tiwari, and Mohamed Elarbi Aouani. "Colonization of Phaseolus vulgaris nodules by Agrobacterium-like strains." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-120.
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Non-nodulating Agrobacterium-like strains identified among root nodule isolates of common bean were labeled with gusA, a reporter gene encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS). Bean plants were then co-inoculated with an infective Rhizobium strain and labeled transconjugants of Agrobacterium-like strains. Blue staining of nodules showed that Agrobacterium-like strains were able to colonize these symbiotic organs. Isolation and characterization by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes revealed a mixed population of Rhizobium and Agrobacterium-like strains in all nodules showing GUS activity. PCR amplification of the nifH gene and nodulation tests did not show any evidence of acquisition of symbiotic gene by lateral transfer from Rhizobium to Agrobacterium-like strains. Moreover, these strains were able to invade mature nodules. Based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, one of these Agrobacterium-like strains showed 99.4% sequence similarity with Agrobacterium bv. 1 reference strains and 99% similarity with an Agrobacterium bv. 1 strain isolated from Acacia mollisima in Senegal. Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and the disarmed variant AT123 did not show any ability to colonize nodules. Co-inoculation of bean seeds with Agrobacterium and Rhizobium strains did not enhance nodulation and plant yield under controlled conditions.Key words: Agrobacterium, co-inoculation, gusA gene, nodule colonization, Rhizobium.
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Ryder, MH, and DA Jones. "Biological Control of Crown Gall Using Using Agrobacterium Strains K84 and K1026." Functional Plant Biology 18, no. 5 (1991): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9910571.
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Crown gall has been successfully controlled on a commercial scale for over 15 years by the use of Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84. The continued success of strain K84 has been jeoparised by the possibility of transfer of the agrocin plasmid, pAgK84, to pathogenic agrobacteria, making them resistant to control. The construction of a transfer-deficient deletion mutant of pAgK84 has resulted in a strain (K1026) from which the agrocin plasmid (pAgK1026) can no longer be transferred to other agrobacteria. Strain K1026 controls crown gall as effectively as strain K84 and may be used to ensure that the danger of breakdown of biological control is minimised.
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SAWADA, H., H. IEKI, H. OYAIZU, and S. MATSUMOTO. "Proposal for Rejection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Revised Descriptions for the Genus Agrobacterium and for Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium rhizogenes." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 43, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-43-4-694.
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Kulaeva, Olga A., Tatyana V. Matveeva, and Ludmila A. Lutova. "Horizontal Gene Transfer From Agrobacteria To Plants." Ecological genetics 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2006): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen4410-19.
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Horizontal gene transfer is transfer of genetic material between organisms, which could not be termed as progenitor and ancestor. There is some data, that some plants contain in their genomes sequences, homologous to T-dNa from agrobacteria. Some rol genes from agrobacterium rhizogenes are present in number of species from genus Nicotiana as a result of horizontal gene transfer in plant evolution. This review is devoted to this scientific problem.
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Ben Gharsa, Haifa, Meriam Bouri, Amira Mougou Hamdane, Christina Schuster, Andreas Leclerque, and Ali Rhouma. "Bacillus velezensis strain MBY2, a potential agent for the management of crown gall disease." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): e0252823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252823.
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The reduction of the use chemical pesticides in agriculture is gaining importance as an objective of decision-makers in both politics and economics. Consequently, the development of technically efficient and economically affordable alternatives as, e.g., biological control agents or practices is highly solicited. Crown gall disease of dicotyledonous plants is caused by ubiquitous soil borne pathogenic bacteria of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex, that comprises the species Agrobacterium fabrum and represents a globally relevant plant protection problem. Within the framework of a screening program for bacterial Agrobacterium antagonists a total of 14 strains were isolated from Tunisian soil samples and assayed for antagonistic activity against pathogenic agrobacteria. One particularly promising isolate, termed strain MBY2, was studied more in depth. Using a Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) approach, the isolate was assigned to the taxonomic species Bacillus velezensis. Strain MBY2 was shown to display antagonistic effects against the pathogenic A. fabrum strain C58 in vitro and to significantly decrease pathogen populations under sterile and non-sterile soil conditions as well as in the rhizosphere of maize and, to a lower extent, tomato plants. Moreover, the ability of B. velezensis MBY2 to reduce C58-induced gall development has been demonstrated in vivo on stems of tomato and almond plants. The present study describes B. velezensis MBY2 as a newly discovered strain holding potential as a biological agent for crown gall disease management.
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Fizikova, Anastasia, Elena Subcheva, Nikolay Kozlov, Varvara Tvorogova, Lidia Samarina, Ludmila Lutova, and Elena Khlestkina. "Agrobacterium Transformation of Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE): A Small Experiment with Great Prospects." Plants 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2024): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13050675.
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Tea has historically been one of the most popular beverages, and it is currently an economically significant crop cultivated in over 50 countries. The Northwestern Caucasus is one of the northernmost regions for industrial tea cultivation worldwide. The domestication of the tea plant in this region took approximately 150 years, during which plantations spreading from the Ozurgeti region in northern Georgia to the southern city of Maykop in Russia. Consequently, tea plantations in the Northern Caucasus can serve as a source of unique genotypes with exceptional cold tolerance. Tea plants are known to be recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transfection. Research into optimal transfection and regeneration methodologies, as well as the identification of tea varieties with enhanced transformation efficiency, is an advanced strategy for improving tea plant culture. The aim of this study was to search for the optimal Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transfection protocol for the Kolkhida tea variety. As a result of optimizing the transfection medium with potassium phosphate buffer at the stages of pre-inoculation, inoculation and co-cultivation, the restoration of normal morphology and improvement in the attachment of Agrobacterium cells to the surface of tea explants were observed by scanning electron microscopy. And an effective method of high-efficiency Agrobacteria tumefaciens-mediated transfection of the best local tea cultivar, Kolkhida, was demonstrated for the first time.
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Delamuta, Jakeline Renata Marçon, Anderson José Scherer, Renan Augusto Ribeiro, and Mariangela Hungria. "Genetic diversity of Agrobacterium species isolated from nodules of common bean and soybean in Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Mozambique, and description of the new species Agrobacterium fabacearum sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004278.
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Agrobacterium strains are associated with soil, plants and animals, and known mainly by their pathogenicity. We studied 14 strains isolated from nodules of healthy soybean and common bean plants in Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Mozambique. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene positioned the strains as Agrobacterium , but with low phylogenetic resolution. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of three partial housekeeping genes (glnII, gyrB and recA) positioned the strains in four distinct clades, with Agrobacterium pusense , Agrobacterium deltaense, Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium sp. genomospecies G1. Analysis by BOX-PCR revealed high intraspecies diversity. Genomic analysis of representative strains of the three clades indicated that they carry the protelomerase telA gene, and MLSA analysis with six complete housekeeping genes (atpD, glnII, gyrB, recA, rpoB and thrC), as well as average nucleotide identity (less than 90 % with closest species) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (less than 41 % with closest species) revealed that strain CNPSo 675T and Agrobacterium sp. genomospecies G1 compose a new species. Other phenotypic and genotypic characteristics were determined for the new clade. Although not able to re-nodulate the host, we hypothesize that several strains of Agrobacterium are endophytes in legume nodules, where they might contribute to plant growth. Our data support the description of the CNPSo 675T and Agrobacterium sp. genomospecies G1 strains as a new species, for which the name Agrobacterium fabacearum is proposed. The type strain is CNPSo 675T (=UMR 1457T=LMG 31642T) and is also deposited in other culture collections.
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Lacroix, Benoît, and Vitaly Citovsky. "Pathways of DNA Transfer to Plants fromAgrobacterium tumefaciensand Related Bacterial Species." Annual Review of Phytopathology 57, no. 1 (August 25, 2019): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100101.
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Genetic transformation of host plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and related species represents a unique model for natural horizontal gene transfer. Almost five decades of studying the molecular interactions between Agrobacterium and its host cells have yielded countless fundamental insights into bacterial and plant biology, even though several steps of the DNA transfer process remain poorly understood. Agrobacterium spp. may utilize different pathways for transferring DNA, which likely reflects the very wide host range of Agrobacterium. Furthermore, closely related bacterial species, such as rhizobia, are able to transfer DNA to host plant cells when they are provided with Agrobacterium DNA transfer machinery and T-DNA. Homologs of Agrobacterium virulence genes are found in many bacterial genomes, but only one non- Agrobacterium bacterial strain, Rhizobium etli CFN42, harbors a complete set of virulence genes and can mediate plant genetic transformation when carrying a T-DNA-containing plasmid.
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Yaroshko, O. M. "TRANSIENT EXPRESSION OF REPORTER GENES IN CULTIVARS OF Amaranthus caudatus L." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 4 (August 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.04.053.
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Local cultivars of A. caudatus: Helios and Karmin were used as plant material. Amaranth is a new pseudocereal introduced in Ukraine. The plant biomass of amaranth is used in medicine, food industry and cosmetology industry. Aim. The purpose of the work was to identify the optimal conditions for the transient expression of reporter genes in Amaranthus caudatus cultivars. Methods. Biochemical and microscopy methods were used in the following work. Seedlings and adult plants of different age were infiltrated with agrobacterial suspensions separately (genetic vector pCBV19 with a uidA gene and genetic vector pNMD2501 with a gfp gene in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 strain). Results. Transient expression of the uidA and gfp genes was obtained in amaranth plants after conduction series of experiments. The most intensive transient expression of gfp and uidA genes was observed in seedlings infiltrated at the age of 1 day. The maximum fluorescence of the GFP protein was observed on 5th–6th days. Conclusions. It was shown that the cultivar Helios was more susceptible to agrobacterial infection than the cultivar Karmin. The effectiveness of Agrobacterium mediated transformation was from 16% to 95% for the Helios cultivar and from 12% to 93% for the Karmin cultivar. The obtained results indicate that the studied amaranth cultivars can potentially be used for obtaining transient expression of target genes and synthesizing target proteins in their tissues in the future.
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Bourras, Salim, Thierry Rouxel, and Michel Meyer. "Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gene Transfer: How a Plant Pathogen Hacks the Nuclei of Plant and Nonplant Organisms." Phytopathology® 105, no. 10 (October 2015): 1288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-14-0380-rvw.
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Agrobacterium species are soilborne gram-negative bacteria exhibiting predominantly a saprophytic lifestyle. Only a few of these species are capable of parasitic growth on plants, causing either hairy root or crown gall diseases. The core of the infection strategy of pathogenic Agrobacteria is a genetic transformation of the host cell, via stable integration into the host genome of a DNA fragment called T-DNA. This genetic transformation results in oncogenic reprogramming of the host to the benefit of the pathogen. This unique ability of interkingdom DNA transfer was largely used as a tool for genetic engineering. Thus, the artificial host range of Agrobacterium is continuously expanding and includes plant and nonplant organisms. The increasing availability of genomic tools encouraged genome-wide surveys of T-DNA tagged libraries, and the pattern of T-DNA integration in eukaryotic genomes was studied. Therefore, data have been collected in numerous laboratories to attain a better understanding of T-DNA integration mechanisms and potential biases. This review focuses on the intranuclear mechanisms necessary for proper targeting and stable expression of Agrobacterium oncogenic T-DNA in the host cell. More specifically, the role of genome features and the putative involvement of host’s transcriptional machinery in relation to the T-DNA integration and effects on gene expression are discussed. Also, the mechanisms underlying T-DNA integration into specific genome compartments is reviewed, and a theoretical model for T-DNA intranuclear targeting is presented.
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Mullins, E. D., X. Chen, P. Romaine, R. Raina, D. M. Geiser, and S. Kang. "Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Fusarium oxysporum: An Efficient Tool for Insertional Mutagenesis and Gene Transfer." Phytopathology® 91, no. 2 (February 2001): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.2.173.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) has long been used to transfer genes to a wide variety of plants and has also served as an efficient tool for insertional mutagenesis. In this paper, we report the construction of four novel binary vectors for fungal transformation and the optimization of an ATMT protocol for insertional mutagenesis, which permits an efficient genetic manipulation of Fusarium oxysporum and other phytopathogenic fungi to be achieved. Employing the binary vectors, carrying the bacterial hygromycin B phosphotrans-ferase gene (hph) under the control of the Aspergillus nidulans trpC promoter as a selectable marker, led to the production of 300 to 500 hygromycin B resistant transformants per 1 × 106 conidia of F. oxysporum, which is at least an order of magnitude higher than that previously accomplished. Transformation efficiency correlated strongly with the duration of cocultivation of fungal spores with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells and significantly with the number of Agrobacteruium tumefaciens cells present during the cocultivation period (r = 0.996; n = 3; P < 0.01). All transformants tested remained mitotically stable, maintaining their hygromycin B resistance. Growing Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells in the presence of acetosyringone (AS) prior to cocultivation shortened the time required for the formation of transformants but decreased to 53% the percentage of transformants containing a single T-DNA insert per genome. This increased to over 80% when Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells grown in the absence of AS were used. There was no correlation between the average copy number of T-DNA per genome and the colony diameter of the transformants, the period of cocultivation or the quantity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells present during cocultivation. To isolate the host sequences flanking the inserted T-DNA, we employed a modified thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) technique. Utilizing just one arbitrary primer resulted in the successful amplification of desired products in 90% of those transformants analyzed. The insertion event appeared to be a random process with truncation of the inserted T-DNA, ranging from 1 to 14 bp in size, occurring on both the right and left border sequences. Considering the size and design of the vectors described here, coupled with the efficiency and flexibility of this ATMT protocol, it is suggested that ATMT should be regarded as a highly efficient alternative to other DNA transfer procedures in characterizing those genes important for the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum and potentially those of other fungal pathogens.
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Lacroix, Benoît, and Vitaly Citovsky. "A mutation in negative regulator of basal resistance WRKY17 of Arabidopsis increases susceptibility to Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation." F1000Research 2 (February 6, 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-33.v1.
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Agrobacterium is a phytopathogenic bacterium that induces crown gall disease in many plant species by transferring and integrating a segment of its own DNA (T-DNA) into its host genome. Whereas Agrobacterium usually does not trigger an extensive defense response in its host plants, it induces the expression of several defense-related genes and activates plant stress reactions. In the complex interplay between Agrobacterium and its host plant, Agrobacterium has evolved to take advantage of these plant defense pathways for its own purpose of advancement of the infection process. For example, Agrobacterium utilizes the host stress response transcriptional regulator VIP1 to facilitate nuclear import and proteasomal uncoating of its T-DNA during genetic transformation of the host cell. In Arabidopsis, the VIP1 gene expression is repressed by WRKY17, a negative regulator of basal resistance to Pseudomonas. Thus, we examined whether WRKY17 is also involved in plant susceptibility to genetic transformation by Agrobacterium. Using reverse genetics, we showed that a wrky17 mutant displays higher expression of the VIP1 gene in roots, but not in shoots. In a root infection assay, the wrky17 mutant plants were hyper-susceptible to Agrobacterium compared to wild type plants. WRKY17, therefore, may act as a positive regulator of Arabidopsis resistance to Agrobacterium. This notion is important for understanding the complex regulation of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation; thus, although this paper reports a relatively small set of data that we do not plan to pursue further in our lab, we believe it might be useful for the broad community of plant pathologists and plant biotechnologists.
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Lacroix, Benoît, and Vitaly Citovsky. "A mutation in negative regulator of basal resistance WRKY17 of Arabidopsis increases susceptibility to Agrobacterium-mediated transient genetic transformation." F1000Research 2 (February 15, 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-33.v2.
Full textAbstract:
Agrobacterium is a phytopathogenic bacterium that induces crown gall disease in many plant species by transferring and integrating a segment of its own DNA (T-DNA) into its host genome. Whereas Agrobacterium usually does not trigger an extensive defense response in its host plants, it induces the expression of several defense-related genes and activates plant stress reactions. In the complex interplay between Agrobacterium and its host plant, Agrobacterium has evolved to take advantage of these plant defense pathways for its own purpose of advancement of the infection process. For example, Agrobacterium utilizes the host stress response transcriptional regulator VIP1 to facilitate nuclear import and proteasomal uncoating of its T-DNA during genetic transformation of the host cell. In Arabidopsis, the VIP1 gene expression is repressed by WRKY17, a negative regulator of basal resistance to Pseudomonas. Thus, we examined whether WRKY17 is also involved in plant susceptibility to genetic transformation by Agrobacterium. Using reverse genetics, we showed that a wrky17 mutant displays higher expression of the VIP1 gene in roots, but not in shoots. In a root infection assay, the wrky17 mutant plants were hyper-susceptible to Agrobacterium compared to wild type plants. WRKY17, therefore, may act as a positive regulator of Arabidopsis resistance to Agrobacterium. This notion is important for understanding the complex regulation of Agrobacterium-mediated transient genetic transformation; thus, although this paper reports a relatively small set of data that we do not plan to pursue further in our lab, we believe it might be useful for the broad community of plant pathologists and plant biotechnologists.
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Matveeva, Tatyana V. "Why do plants need agrobacterial genes?" Ecological genetics 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen89905.
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Agrobacterium mediated transformation in nature is the cause of the development of diseases: crown galls and hairy roots. These neoplasms are transgenic tissues on a non-transgenic plant. However, in nature, full-fledged GMOs arise, containing agrobacterial transgenes in every cell and transmitting them in a series of sexual generations. These plants are called naturally transgenic plants or natural GMOs. Over the past 3 years, the list of natural GMO species has been significantly expanded. Due to this, it became possible to make certain generalizations and more substantively discuss the possible evolutionary role of this phenomenon. The presented mini-review is devoted to the generalization of data on the possible functions of genes of agrobacterial origin in plant genomes.
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Niazian, M., S. A. Sadat Noori, P. Galuszka, and S. M. M. Mortazavian. "Tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated and in planta transformation methods." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 53, No. 4 (November 10, 2017): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/177/2016-cjgpb.
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Gene transformation can be done in direct and indirect (Agrobacterium-mediated) ways. The most efficient method of gene transformation to date is Agrobacterium-mediated method. The main problem of Agrobacterium-method is that some plant species and mutant lines are recalcitrant to regeneration. Requirements for sterile conditions for plant regeneration are another problem of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Development of genotype-independent gene transformation method is of great interest in many plants. Some tissue culture-independent Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation methods are reported in individual plants and crops. Generally, these methods are called in planta gene transformation. In planta transformation methods are free from somaclonal variation and easier, quicker, and simpler than tissue culture-based transformation methods. Vacuum infiltration, injection of Agrobacterium culture to plant tissues, pollen-tube pathway, floral dip and floral spray are the main methods of in planta transformation. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Simplicity and reliability are the primary reasons for the popularity of the in planta methods. These methods are much quicker than regular tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation and success can be achieved by non-experts. In the present review, we highlight all methods of in planta transformation comparing them with regular tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods and then recently successful transformations using these methods are presented.
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Han, Zhao-Fen, David M. Hunter, Susan Sibbald, Ji-Shu Zhang, and Lining Tian. "Biological Activity of the tzs Gene of Nopaline Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 in Plant Regeneration and Genetic Transformation." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 11 (November 2013): 1359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-04-13-0106-r.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been widely used in plant genetic transformation. Hormone-encoding genes residing in the T-DNA region have been removed, resulting in disarmed Agrobacterium strains that are used in various transformation experiments. Nopaline Agrobacterium strains, however, carry another hormone gene, trans-zeatin synthesizing (tzs), that codes for trans-zeatin in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmids. We investigated the activity and function of the tzs gene of a nopaline Agrobacterium sp. strain GV3101 in plant in vitro regeneration. Leaf explants of tobacco and Nicotiana benthamiana co-cultured with strain GV3101 exhibited active shoot regeneration in media without added plant growth regulators. On medium without plant growth regulators, transgenic shoots were also induced from explants co-cultured with GV3101 containing a binary vector. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that cell-free extracts of Agrobacterium sp. strain GV3101 culture contained the trans-zeatin at 860 ng/liter. Polymerase chain reaction using tzs-specific primers showed that the tzs gene was present in strain GV3101 but not in other Agrobacterium strains. The study showed that the tzs gene in GV3101 was actively expressed, and that trans-zeatin produced in the Agrobacterium strain can promote plant shoot regeneration.
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Gelvin, Stanton B. "Agrobacterium-Mediated Plant Transformation: the Biology behind the “Gene-Jockeying” Tool." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 67, no. 1 (March 2003): 16–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.67.1.16-37.2003.
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SUMMARY Agrobacterium tumefaciens and related Agrobacterium species have been known as plant pathogens since the beginning of the 20th century. However, only in the past two decades has the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer DNA to plant cells been harnessed for the purposes of plant genetic engineering. Since the initial reports in the early 1980s using Agrobacterium to generate transgenic plants, scientists have attempted to improve this “natural genetic engineer” for biotechnology purposes. Some of these modifications have resulted in extending the host range of the bacterium to economically important crop species. However, in most instances, major improvements involved alterations in plant tissue culture transformation and regeneration conditions rather than manipulation of bacterial or host genes. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is a highly complex and evolved process involving genetic determinants of both the bacterium and the host plant cell. In this article, I review some of the basic biology concerned with Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Knowledge of fundamental biological principles embracing both the host and the pathogen have been and will continue to be key to extending the utility of Agrobacterium for genetic engineering purposes.
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Debnath, Anirban Jyoti, Debabrata Basu, and Samir Ranjan Sikdar. "An approach to standardize transient expression of GUS in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) using the Sonication-Assisted Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation (SAAT) method." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 61, no. 1-4 (May 18, 2013): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2014.948275.
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Sonication-Assisted Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation (SAAT) dramatically improved Agrobacterium infection efficiency in Sesamum indicum (sesame) cotyledon. Different parameters of this method such as the duration of sonication, Agrobacterium concentration and acetosyringone concentration during co-cultivation was standardized to develop a balanced protocol that gave optimum β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression with minimal tissue damage. Nine seconds was identified as the optimum duration for sonication. Agrobacterium concentration having OD600 nm 1.0 was found not to induce tissue damage. Usage of 100 μM acetosyringone, which facilitates T-DNA transfer by activating the vir gene in Agrobacterium, increased the transient GUS activity. The optimized protocol facilitated 85.56 ± 0.35% transient GUS activity. Mimicking SAAT by increasing the concentration of acetosyringone during the co-cultivation period to 400 μM in the conventional Agrobacterium-mediated transformation gave only 32.22 ± 1.53% GUS activity. The results suggest that not only acetosyringone but also other compounds were released during formation of micro-wound by sonication that increased the infection efficiency.
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Holmes, B. "TAXONOMY OF AGROBACTERIUM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 225 (June 1988): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1988.225.4.
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Chilton, Mary-Dell. "Agrobacterium. A Memoir." Plant Physiology 125, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.125.1.9.
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Rosariastuti, Retno, Widya Putri Nur Sabilla, Sudadi Sudadi, and Widyatmani Sih Dewi. "Viability of Agrobacterium sp. I26 and Agrobacterium sp. I30 in The Carrier Formula of Mocaf Solid Waste, Peat and Manure." ENVIRO: Journal of Tropical Environmental Research 24, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/enviro.v24i2.70354.
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<em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I26 and <em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I30 are bioremediation agent that can be used as functional bacteria in biofertilizers. The storage of these bacteria requires carrier. Not all carriers can support bacterial viability, so it was necessary to examine carrier formulas as basic ingredients for biofertilizers which the quality standards based on the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 70/2011. This research aimed to: (1) study the viability of <em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I26 and <em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I30 in some carrier formulas; and (2) obtain the best carrier formula to support the viability of <em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I26 and <em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I30. Research design was factorial using completely randomized design (CRD) as the based design, consisting of 2 factors: 1) Carrier Fornula (C): C1; C2; C3; C4; C5, 2) Bacteria (I): I1; I2; I3, so there were 15 treatment combinations each was repeated 4 times, thus there were 60 experimental units. The results showed that <em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I26 has better viability than <em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I30 during 90 days incubation period. The best bacterial viability with total bacterial as the indicator was C4 carrier formula: 74 x 10<sup>13 </sup>cfu.g<sup>-1</sup> for <em>Agrobacterium</em> sp. I26 and C3 carrier formula: 155 x 10<sup>12</sup> cfu.g<sup>-1</sup>.
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Tzfira, T., A. Vainstein, A. Altman, and C. Jensen. "ASPEN TRANSFORMATION PROCEDURES: ONCOGENIC AGROBACTERIUM RHIZOGENES VERSUS DISARMED AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 447 (October 1997): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.447.59.
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Milosevic, Snezana, Milena Lojic, Dragana Antonic, Aleksandar Cingel, and Angelina Subotic. "Changes of antioxidative enzymes in Impatiens walleriana L. shoots in response to genetic transformation." Genetika 47, no. 1 (2015): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1501071m.
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Impatiens walleriana L. shoots were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4M70GUS and the effects of genetic transformation on the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) activities in wounded region of stems and unwounded leaves were evaluated 10, 24, 240 and 720 hours after inoculation. Following Agrobacterum infection activities of plant antioxidative enzymes changed in a time-dependent manner indicating that dynamic processes occurred during plant-Agrobacterium interaction, plant cell transformation and formation of hairy roots. Appearance of hairy roots on wound sites of shoots was observed ten days after inoculation with A. rhizogenes and the root induction frequency was 100%. Among selected hairy root lines significant differences in growth rate and biomass production were observed and an average 3-fold increase in biomass production was observed for the best growing hairy root line compared with the untransformed roots. PCR analysis showed presence of uidA, rolB, rolC and rolD genes in all analyzed I. walleriana L. hairy root lines, while amplification fragment of rolA gene was detected in 83.3% transformed lines. Efficient transformation protocol for I. walleriana L described in this work offer possibilities to generate hairy root cultures for in vitro propagation of plant viruses.
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Godwin, ID, BV Fordlloyd, and HJ Newbury. "In vitro Approaches to Extending the Host-Range of Agrobacterium for Plant Transformation." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 6 (1992): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920751.
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Since the first report of successful gene transfer in 1983, engineered Agrobacterium vectors have been the most widely used means of stable plant transformation. There are host-range limitations to the utility of this approach, however, with most success in dicotyledonous species. Recent evidence has indicated that the host-range is dependent on the protocol used to infect plant tissues with Agrobacterium. Modifications of co-cultivation conditions can lead to successful gene transfer to species once thought beyond the host-range of Agrobacterium, including a number of monocots. Hence, when defining the host-range of Agrobacterium, distinction must be made between host-range for pathogenicity (oncogenicity) and host-range for transformation. Important factors in determining the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer DNA to the plant genome include genetic, physiological and physical components of the bacterium × plant interaction. Simple, empirical experiments with oncogenic strains can yield useful information regarding the importance of co-cultivation conditions. The applications of these to extending the host-range of Agrobacterium for transformation are discussed.
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Tindall, B. J. "Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942 has priority over Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942 when the two are treated as members of the same species based on the principle of priority and Rule 23a, Note 1 as applied to the corresponding specific epithets. Opinion 94." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_10 (October 1, 2014): 3590–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.069203-0.
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The Judicial Commission affirms that, according to the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (including changes made to the wording), the combination Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942 has priority over the combination Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942 when the two are treated as members of the same species based on the principle of priority as applied to the corresponding specific epithets. The type species of the genus is Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942, even if treated as a later heterotypic synonym of Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942. Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942 is typified by the strain defined on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and by strains known to be derived from the nomenclatural type.
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Parisa, Mohammadi, Tozlu Elif, Kotan Recep, and Kotan Merve Şenol. "Potential of some bacteria for biological control of postharvest citrus green mould caused by Penicillium digitatum." Plant Protection Science 53, No. 3 (May 28, 2017): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/55/2016-pps.
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Ten bacteria isolate (4 Bacillus subtilis, 2 Bacillus pumilus, 2 Bacillus cereus, 1 Bacillus megaterium, and 1 Agrobacterium radiobacter) were tested in vitro for antagonistic properties against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mould. The effect of these bacteria was also observed on mycelial growth, spore germination, and spore production of the pathogenic fungus in broth culture. Extracellular enzyme activities of the bacteria were determined. According to the results of in vitro antagonistic tests and enzymes activities, the most promising bacteria were Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter. These bacteria were tested for disease suppression on lemon fruits. In addition, these bacterial isolates also showed remarkable antifungal activity against the pathogen on lemon fruits. The results of this study showed that Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter showed remarkable antifungal activity against the pathogen. Chitinase and glucanase enzyme activity of all the tested bacteria was positive. Protease enzyme activity was positive in all tested bacteria with the exception of Agrobacterium radiobacter. In addition, all bacteria inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination (except Agrobacterium radiobacter) of the fungus. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Agrobacterium radiobacter inhibited spore production in broth culture. Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter were tested on lemon fruits significantly reduced disease severity. Consequently, these isolates can be used as new biocontrol agents in controlling the post-harvest decay of citrus fruits caused by Penicillium digitatum.
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Prakash, D. P., B. S. Deepali, R. Asokan, Y. L. Ramachandra, Lalitha Anand, and Vageeshbabu S. Hanur. "Effects of Growth Regulators and Explant-Type on Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Manjarigota." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v2i2.612.
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Effects of growth regulators and type of explants on transformation and in vitro morphogenetic responses of brinjal cv. Manjarigota were studied. Both hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants showed marked influence on in vitro morphogenetic responses after Agrobacterium co-cultivation. Hypocotyl explants showed callus initiation and regeneration responses earlier than cotyledonary leaves. Hypocotyl explants were found to be better than cotyledonary leaf explants in regenerating shoots after Agrobacterium co-cultivation. There was delay and reduction in both callus and regeneration responses in Agrobacterium co-cultivated explants. Hypocotyl explants showed the highest regeneration response on MS medium containing 2 μM BAP and 0.05 μM NAA while cotyledonary leaves did not show regeneration response after Agrobacterium co-cultivation. However, they showed green buds on MS medium containing 10 μM BAP and 1 μM NAA, which could not differentiate into shoots. Overall, hypocotyl explants were found better in regenerating shoots after Agrobacterium co-cultivation.
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MM, Rana. "Wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated gene transfer in plants: Agrobacterium virulence and selection of transformants." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 1, no. 1 (2017): 044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001005.
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Ruger, H. J., and M. G. Hofle. "Marine Star-Shaped-Aggregate-Forming Bacteria: Agrobacterium atlanticum sp. nov.; Agrobacterium meteori sp. nov.; Agrobacterium ferrugineum sp. nov., nom. rev.; Agrobacterium gelatinovorum sp. nov., nom. rev.; and Agrobacterium stellulatum sp. nov., nom. rev." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-42-1-133.
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Komisarenko, A. G., S. I. Mykhalska, and V. M. Kurchii. "Agrobacterium-mediated transformation – method of genetic modification of Triticum aestivum L. plants." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 30 (September 1, 2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v30.1466.
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Aim. Investigate the effect of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta on seed tying and the frequency of transformation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To analyze changes in the level of free L-proline (Pro) in transformed and control seedlings under normal / stress conditions and productivity indicators of biotechnological plants (T1) under normal growing conditions. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta; PCR analysis, DNA electrophoresis; determination of seed tying frequency and transformation, Pro content, yield structure indicators. Results. Obtained transgenic wheat plants. The level of Pro in the tested variants under normal / stress conditions and indicators of T1 productivity of plants and their initial form under optimal water supply were studied. Conclusions. The susceptibility of the studied wheat genotypes to agrobacterial infection is shown. The frequency of seed tying after genetic transformation was 12.7 % and 5.4 % for plants of UK 106/19 and UK 171/19h, respectively. Transgenic seedlings had elevated levels of Pro. Complete incorporation of the vector construct was identified in 14 and 11 variants of genotypes UK 161/19 and UK 171/19h, respectively. Control and T1 biotechnological plants under normal growing conditions had similar yields.