Journal articles on the topic 'Agrivoltaism'
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1
Khele, Issam, and Márta Szabó. "Microclimatic and Energetic Feasibility of Agrivoltaic Systems: State of the Art." Hungarian Agricultural Engineering, no. 40 (2021): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17676/hae.2021.40.102.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaic systems have been proposed as the most prominent synergetic application of agricultural and energetic sectors. Integrating solar power generating with agricultural activities is relatively new; however, it has started with implementing the PV panels into the greenhouses. Comparatively, openfield agrivoltaics systems are still growing and under-development in many locations around the world. The urge to explore innovative solutions for the increasing demand for electricity and food has been the main motivation for the research centers, researchers, and governments to escalate agrivoltaics development globally. In this paper, the current and most recent projects and studies of open-field agrivoltaic systems are presented, compared, and analyzed in order to anticipate the potential and path of development for agrivoltaics in the near future. Several pieces of research from different countries globally were included to illustrate the main features and performance indicators of agrivoltaic systems. The paper concludes that the agrivoltaics system has the potential to grow to big-scale projects in different climatic regions because it provides benefits either by increasing the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), protecting the plants from severe ambient weather, and diversifying the income for farmers. New technologies and methods have been integrated with the agrivoltaics systems in different projects to optimize the model; however, many aspects of development could be introduced in the near future.
2
Pearce, Joshua M. "Agrivoltaics in Ontario Canada: Promise and Policy." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 3037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053037.
Abstract:
Well-intentioned regulations to protect Canada’s most productive farmland restrict large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) development. The recent innovation of agrivoltaics, which is the co-development of land for both PV and agriculture, makes these regulations obsolete. Burgeoning agrivoltaics research has shown agricultural benefits, including increased yield for a wide range of crops, plant protection from excess solar energy and hail, and improved water conservation, while maintaining agricultural employment and local food supplies. In addition, the renewable electricity generation decreases greenhouse gas emissions while increasing farm revenue. As Canada, and Ontario in particular, is at a strategic disadvantage in agriculture without agrivoltaics, this study investigates the policy changes necessary to capitalize on the benefits of using agrivoltaics in Ontario. Land-use policies in Ontario are reviewed. Then, three case studies (peppers, sweet corn, and winter wheat) are analysed for agrivoltaic potential in Ontario. These results are analysed in conjunction with potential policies that would continue to protect the green-belt of the Golden Horseshoe, while enabling agrivoltaics in Ontario. Four agrivoltaic policy areas are discussed: increased research and development, enhanced education/public awareness, mechanisms to support Canada’s farmers converting to agrivoltaics, and using agrivoltaics as a potential source of trade surplus with the U.S.
3
Proctor, Kyle W., Ganti S. Murthy, and Chad W. Higgins. "Agrivoltaics Align with Green New Deal Goals While Supporting Investment in the US’ Rural Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010137.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaic systems combine solar photovoltaic energy production with agriculture to improve land-use efficiency. We provide an upper-bound reduced-order cost estimate for widespread implementation of Agrivoltaic systems in the United States. We find that 20% of the US’ total electricity generation can be met with Agrivoltaic systems if less than 1% of the annual US budget is invested into rural infrastructure. Simultaneously, Agrivoltaic systems align well with existing Green New Deal goals. Widescale installation of Agrivoltaic systems can lead to a carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction equivalent to removing 71,000 cars from the road annually and the creation of over 100,000 jobs in rural communities. Agrivoltaics provide a rare chance for true synergy: more food, more energy, lower water demand, lower carbon emissions, and more prosperous rural communities.
4
Pascaris, Alexis S., Chelsea Schelly, and Joshua M. Pearce. "A First Investigation of Agriculture Sector Perspectives on the Opportunities and Barriers for Agrivoltaics." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121885.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaic systems are a strategic and innovative approach to combine solar photovoltaic (PV)-based renewable energy generation with agricultural production. Recognizing the fundamental importance of farmer adoption in the successful diffusion of the agrivoltaic innovation, this study investigates agriculture sector experts’ perceptions on the opportunities and barriers to dual land-use systems. Using in-depth, semistructured interviews, this study conducts a first study to identify challenges to farmer adoption of agrivoltaics and address them by responding to societal concerns. Results indicate that participants see potential benefits for themselves in combined solar and agriculture technology. The identified barriers to adoption of agrivoltaics, however, include: (i) desired certainty of long-term land productivity, (ii) market potential, (iii) just compensation and (iv) a need for predesigned system flexibility to accommodate different scales, types of operations, and changing farming practices. The identified concerns in this study can be used to refine the technology to increase adoption among farmers and to translate the potential of agrivoltaics to address the competition for land between solar PV and agriculture into changes in solar siting, farming practice, and land-use decision-making.
5
Jamil, Uzair, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Energy Policy for Agrivoltaics in Alberta Canada." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010053.
Abstract:
As Alberta increases conventional solar power generation, land-use conflicts with agriculture increase. A solution that enables low-carbon electricity generation and continued (in some cases, increased) agricultural output is the co-locating of solar photovoltaics (PV) and agriculture: agrivoltaics. This review analyzes policies that impact the growth of agrivoltaics in Alberta. Solar PV-based electricity generation is governed by three regulations based on system capacity. In addition, agrivoltaics falls under various legislations, frameworks, and guidelines for land utilization. These include the Land Use Framework, Alberta Land Stewardship Act, Municipal Government Act, Special Areas Disposition, Bill 22, and other policies, which are reviewed in the agrivoltaics context. Several policies are recommended to support the rapid deployment of agrivoltaics. Openly accessible agrivoltaics research will help optimize agrivoltaic systems for the region, and can be coupled with public education to galvanize social acceptability of large-scale PV deployment. Clearly defining and categorizing agrivoltaics technology, developing agrivoltaics standards, making agrivoltaics technology-friendly regulations and frameworks, and developing programs and policies to incentivize agrivoltaics deployment over conventional PV will all accelerate the technology’s deployment. Through these measures, Alberta can achieve conservation and sustainability in the food and energy sectors while simultaneously addressing their renewable energy and climate-related goals.
6
Pulido-Mancebo, José S., Rafael López-Luque, Luis Manuel Fernández-Ahumada, José C. Ramírez-Faz, Francisco Javier Gómez-Uceda, and Marta Varo-Martínez. "Spatial Distribution Model of Solar Radiation for Agrivoltaic Land Use in Fixed PV Plants." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 2799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112799.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaics is currently presented as a possible effective solution to one of society’s greatest challenges: responding to the increasing demand for energy and food in an efficient and sustainable manner. To this end, agrivoltaics proposes to combine agricultural and renewable energy production on the same land using photovoltaic technology. The performance of this new production model strongly depends on the interaction between the two systems, agricultural and photovoltaic. In that sense, one of the most important aspects to consider are the effects of the shadows of the photovoltaic panels on the crop land. Therefore, further study of crop behavior under agrivoltaic conditions requires exhaustive knowledge of the spatial distribution of solar radiation within the portion of land between collectors and crops. This study presents a valid methodology to estimate this distribution of solar irradiance in agrivoltaic installations as a function of the photovoltaic installation geometry and the levels of diffuse and direct solar irradiance incident on the crop land. As an example, this methodology was applied to simulate the radiative capture potential of possible photovoltaic plants located in Cordoba, Spain by systematically varying the design variables of the photovoltaic plants. Based on the results obtained, a model correlating the agrivoltaic potential of a photovoltaic plant with its design variables is proposed. Likewise, for the “Alcolea 1” photovoltaic plant (Cordoba, Spain), the solar radiation decay profiles were simulated in the lanes between the photovoltaic collectors where the crops would be planted in the event of converting this plant into an agrivoltaic facility. Thus, the methodology proposed represents an interesting way to determine the agrivoltaic potential of existing grid-connected photovoltaic installations that could be converted into agrivoltaic installations, contributing to the implementation of this new agricultural production model that is more sustainable and environmentally committed to the future.
7
Jamil, Uzair, Abigail Bonnington, and Joshua M. Pearce. "The Agrivoltaic Potential of Canada." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 3228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043228.
Abstract:
Canada has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by increasing the non-emitting share of electricity generation to 90% by 2030. As solar energy costs have plummeted, agrivoltaics (the co-development of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and agriculture) provide an economic path to these goals. This study quantifies agrivoltaic potential in Canada by province using geographical information system analysis of agricultural areas and numerical simulations. The systems modeled would enable the conventional farming of field crops to continue (and potentially increase yield) by using bifacial PV for single-axis tracking and vertical system configurations. Between a quarter (vertical) and more than one third (single-axis tracking) of Canada’s electrical energy needs can be provided solely by agrivoltaics using only 1% of current agricultural lands. These results show that agrivoltaics could be a major contributor to sustainable electricity generation and provide Canada with the ability to render the power generation sector net zero/GHG emission free. It is clear that the potential of agrivoltaic-based solar energy production in Canada far outstrips current electric demand and can, thus, be used to electrify and decarbonize transportation and heating, expand economic opportunities by powering the burgeoning computing sector, and export green electricity to the U.S. to help eliminate their dependence on fossil fuels.
8
Jamil, Uzair, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Maximizing Biomass with Agrivoltaics: Potential and Policy in Saskatchewan Canada." Biomass 3, no. 2 (June 2, 2023): 188–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomass3020012.
Abstract:
Canada is a leading global agricultural exporter, and roughly half of Canada’s farmland is in Saskatchewan. New agrivoltaics research shows increased biomass for a wide range of crops. This study looks at the potential increase in crop yield and livestock in Saskatchewan through agrivoltaics along with its financial implications. Then, the legislation that could influence the adoption of agrivoltaics in Saskatchewan is reviewed. Specifically, experimental results from agrivoltaic wheat production are analyzed for different adoption scenarios. The impact of converting the province’s pasture grass areas to agrivoltaics and using sheep to harvest them is also examined. The results indicate that approximately 0.4 million tons of wheat, 2.9 to 3.5 million tons of forage and 3.9 to 4.6 million additional sheep can be grazed using agrivoltaics in Saskatchewan. Only these two agrivoltaics applications, i.e., wheat farmland and pastureland, result in potential additional billions of dollars in annual provincial agricultural revenue. The Municipalities Act and the Planning and Development Act were found to have the most impact on agrivoltaics in the province as official community plans and zoning bylaws can impede diffusion. Agrivoltaics can be integrated into legislation to avoid delays in the adoption of the technology so that the province reaps all of the benefits.
9
Fattoruso, Grazia, Domenico Toscano, Andrea Venturo, Alessandra Scognamiglio, Massimiliano Fabricino, and Girolamo Di Francia. "A Spatial Multicriteria Analysis for a Regional Assessment of Eligible Areas for Sustainable Agrivoltaic Systems in Italy." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 21, 2024): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020911.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaics’ share of renewable generation is relevant for countries to achieve their energy transition targets. Agrivoltaics is the dual and synergistic use of the land by agricultural crop production and photovoltaic (PV) systems. For their development around a country, a fundamental step is to determine which areas are suitable. This research work has developed a methodological framework for a reliable agrivoltaic land eligibility analysis at regional scale based on a spatial multicriteria analysis (i.e., GIS/MCDM-AHP). The challenging step has been to select a set of relevant criteria, also based on experts’ knowledge, able to capture the factors that can affect both the solar PV potential and agriculture-oriented factors. On the basis of these criteria, properly weighted, a 30 m-resolution land eligibility map for agrivoltaic systems has been generated for the NUTS-2 regions of Italy. We have found that Italy has an eligible area of 10.7 million hectares and a capacity potential of 6435 GW, assuming an installed power density of 0.6 MW/ha. Thus, a land coverage of only 1.24% of this area would allow to reach the national 80 GW target of new renewable capacity to achieve the country’s decarbonisation and energy transition objectives by 2030. The potential of installed capacity results at GW scale for the main land categories of arable land and permanent crops if they are just covered by only 5% with agrivoltaic systems. Thus, the impact of agrivoltaic systems development on land occupation can be considered marginal especially in relation to benefits generated for both the energy and agricultural sectors. Such a method is essentially targeted to regional authorities for planning the sustainable development of agrivoltaic systems at the local level.
10
Shepard, Laurel A., Chad W. Higgins, and Kyle W. Proctor. "Agrivoltaics: Modeling the relative importance of longwave radiation from solar panels." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 28, 2022): e0273119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273119.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaics, which integrate photovoltaic power production with agriculture in the same plot of land, have the potential to reduce land competition, reduce crop irrigation, and increase solar panel efficiency. To optimize agrivoltaic systems for crop growth, energy pathways must be characterized. While the solar panels shade the crops, they also emit longwave radiation and partially block the ground from downwelling longwave radiation. A deeper understanding of the spatial variation in incoming energy would enable controlled allocation of energy in the design of agrivoltaic systems. The model also demonstrates that longwave energy should not be neglected when considering a full energy balance on the soil under solar panels.
11
Varo Martínez, M., L. M. Fernández de Ahumada, M. Fuentes García, P. Fernández García, F. Casares de la Torre, and R. López-Luque. "Characterization of an experimental agrivoltaic installation located in an educational centre for farmers in Cordoba (Spain)." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.236.
Abstract:
The continuous growth of the world population is causing an increase in the demands for food and energy of the population. Given these circumstances and the negative consequences derived from climate change, it is necessary to evolve towards a more efficient and sustainable agricultural system. In this sense, the agrivoltaic proposes to combine agricultural production and photovoltaic energy production in the same piece of land. Several studies have analysed the behaviour of the agrivoltaic facilities from a theoretical point of view. However, it is necessary to test the viability of this new system in experimental plants. In this work an experimental agrivoltaic plant developed in Córdoba (Spain) is described. The preliminary results of this study show that agrivoltaics can and should play a fundamental role in the energy model of the countries since it promotes the development of renewable energies while improving the economic performance of agricultural land.
12
Chalgynbayeva, Aidana, Zoltán Gabnai, Péter Lengyel, Albiona Pestisha, and Attila Bai. "Worldwide Research Trends in Agrivoltaic Systems—A Bibliometric Review." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020611.
Abstract:
An agrovoltaic system combines agricultural crop production and energy production in the same place, emphasizing the dual use of land. This article provides a bibliometric analysis of agrivoltaic topics based on publications indexed in SCOPUS, in which either economic assessments of agrivoltaics, agrivoltaic systems for crops and livestock animals, photovoltaic greenhouse and agrivoltaics with open field are discussed, or its ideas are used to analyze certain locations. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the SCOPUS database. Multiple bibliometric tools, such as R Studio and Biblioshiny, were applied to analyze data for this study. Finally, 121 relevant articles were obtained and reviewed. The results show that the focus topic is a brand-new research area, with the majority of relevant scientific publications concentrated in the last three years, and with much ongoing research. This is why AV-specialized scientific conferences might be the best place to get relevant and up-to-date information, with the highest number being offered in the USA and China. A typical trend in recent years has been researched, focusing on different agricultural aspects. The research results show that scientific publications in recent years mainly focus on short-term predictions, there is no recognized evaluation standard for various prediction analyses, and it is difficult to evaluate various prediction methods so far.
13
Maity, Rittick, Kumarasamy Sudhakar, Amir Abdul Razak, Alagar Karthick, and Dan Barbulescu. "Agrivoltaic: A Strategic Assessment Using SWOT and TOWS Matrix." Energies 16, no. 8 (April 7, 2023): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083313.
Abstract:
New strategies and market segments considering integrated approaches have emerged as critical components in the energy transition. Agrivoltaics is one approach that has shown a lot of promise for offering advantages in the food-energy-water nexus. The agrivoltaic system involves the installation of photovoltaic panels above agricultural lands to generate electricity while also allowing for crop production. The paper “SWOT and TOWS Matrix Analysis of Agrivoltaic System” comprehensively analyses the potential strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) associated with implementing an agrivoltaic system. This study utilizes a SWOT analysis framework to identify and evaluate the internal and external factors that could impact the implementation and success of the agrivoltaic system. A TOWS matrix analysis is also conducted to formulate strategic recommendations based on the identified SWOT factors. The analysis results reveal that the agrivoltaic system has numerous strengths, including its potential to generate renewable energy, increase crop yield, and provide economic benefits to farmers. However, the system also faces several weaknesses and threats, such as high initial investment costs, land use conflicts, and potential environmental impacts. Based on the TOWS matrix analysis, this study provides strategic recommendations to maximize the potential of the agrivoltaic system while mitigating its weaknesses and threats. These recommendations include adopting a flexible pricing strategy, researching the system’s environmental impact, promoting collaboration between various stakeholders like government agencies, farmers, and energy service companies. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential of agrivoltaic systems and the factors that should be considered when implementing such a system. The findings can help stakeholders make informed decisions and take appropriate actions to ensure the integration of agrivoltaic systems into agricultural practices.
14
Elamri, Yassin, Bruno Cheviron, Annabelle Mange, Cyril Dejean, François Liron, and Gilles Belaud. "Rain concentration and sheltering effect of solar panels on cultivated plots." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 1285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1285-2018.
Abstract:
Abstract. Agrivoltaism is the association of agricultural and photovoltaic energy production on the same land area, coping with the increasing pressure on land use and water resources while delivering clean and renewable energy. However, the solar panels located above the cultivated plots also have a seemingly yes unexplored effect on rain redistribution, sheltering large parts of the plot but redirecting concentrated fluxes on a few locations. The spatial heterogeneity in water amounts observed on the ground is high in the general case; its dynamical patterns are directly attributable to the mobile panels through their geometrical characteristics (dimensions, height, coverage percentage) and the strategies selected to rotate them around their support tube. A coefficient of variation is used to measure this spatial heterogeneity and to compare it with the coefficient of uniformity that classically describes the efficiency of irrigation systems. A rain redistribution model (AVrain) was derived from literature elements and theoretical grounds and then validated from experiments in both field and controlled conditions. AVrain simulates the effective rain amounts on the plot from a few forcing data (rainfall, wind velocity and direction) and thus allows real-time strategies that consist in operating the panels so as to limit the rain interception mainly responsible for the spatial heterogeneities. Such avoidance strategies resulted in a sharp decrease in the coefficient of variation, e.g. 0.22 vs. 2.13 for panels held flat during one of the monitored rain events, which is a fairly good uniformity score for irrigation specialists. Finally, the water amounts predicted by AVrain were used as inputs to Hydrus-2D for a brief exploratory study on the impact of the presence of solar panels on rain redistribution at shallow depths within soils: similar, more diffuse patterns were simulated and were coherent with field measurements.
15
Magarelli, Andrea, Andrea Mazzeo, and Giuseppe Ferrara. "Fruit Crop Species with Agrivoltaic Systems: A Critical Review." Agronomy 14, no. 4 (March 31, 2024): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040722.
Abstract:
As the world seeks alternatives to fossil fuels, agrivoltaics offer a promising solution by integrating solar panels with farming practices. This review examines three key agrivoltaic setups—static tilted, full-sun tracking, and agronomic tracking—dissecting their engineering features’ roles in optimizing both the electricity yield and the fruit productivity of some fruit crops. We emphasize the microclimatic modifications induced by agrivoltaic systems, mainly encompassing changes in solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, and wind. The data collected in this survey reveal a strong spatial heterogeneity distribution over different locations and a significant influence on fruit crops’ growth, yield, and quality, with variations among species. Such findings on the overall performance recommend a 30% shading threshold to prevent substantial declines in fruit characteristics, i.e., fruit yield and quality. Shading conditions over this threshold influence the leaf morphophysiological characteristics, impacting the photosynthesis capacity and fruit dry matter accumulation. This emphasizes the importance of further investigation into spectral radiation quality and carbon assimilation kinetics as daily responses for different fruit species to be cultivated in such new environments. Starting from this point, this review underscores the need to extend studies on various fruit crops, particularly those cultivated in semi-arid horticultural regions (i.e., for saving water), and suggests the use of comprehensive and standardized indicators for comparability across studies. Finally, the authors conclude that engineering improvements, along with new research programs on agrivoltaic systems, could lead to agricultural, environmental, and economic sustainability, as well as their practical implementation and attractiveness to farmers in the coming years.
16
Ya’acob, Mohammad Effendy, Li Lu, Frisco Nobilly, Nik Norasma Che’Ya, Ammar Abdul Aziz, Christian Dupraz, Muhammad Shafiq Yahya, Sharifah Nur Atikah, and Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun. "Analysis of Weed Communities in Solar Farms Located in Tropical Areas—The Case of Malaysia." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 4, 2022): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123073.
Abstract:
Weed management in large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSS-PV) farms has become a great concern to the solar industry due to scarcity of labour and the ever-increasing price of pesticides, which opens up possibilities for integrated farming, also known as agrivoltaics. Improper weed control may have multiple negative impacts such as permanent shading of the module surface, pest housing which damages communication cables, and even bush fires. The shaded PV modules can be heated up to extreme temperatures, causing costly burn-out damage. Critical information on the types of weeds on solar farms, especially in Malaysia, has not been established to support the concept of weed management. Thus, with this study, detailed composition of the weed community was obtained via quadrat sampling between solar PV modules, near ground equipment, near perimeter fencing, and directly underneath the PV modules. Weed-control measures via high-quality weedmat installation under solar PV arrays have been implemented where this approach can be considered effective on solar farms based on the existing PV structure height and equipment constraints plus the increasing cost for labour and agricultural inputs. This work underlines the proposed Agrivoltaic for Large Scale Solar (Agrivoltaic4LSS) program to complement the solar industry in Malaysia towards an agrivoltaic, eco-friendly approach to weed management.
17
Bonthala Madhukar, Anamalagundam, Arem Sravani Nalabolu Vikram, Mandapelli Sharath Chandra M. Santhosh Kumar, and Kodary Avil Kumar. "Agrivoltaics: A Sustainable Method Of Farming For Various Suitable Crops." Agriculture Association of Textile Chemical and Critical Reviews Journal 11, no. 12 (December 2023): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.58321/aatccreview.2023.11.04.208.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaics usage in the farmer fields is a new way to get profitable income as this system allows crops cultivation and electricity generation simultaneously on the same piece of land at the same time. This system enables the farmers to gain several benefits such as optimized land use, productivity improvement in the energy and water sector, economic benefits, etc. India receives ample supply of energy from the sun, but it is not yet utilized efficiently. In an agrivoltaic system, the output of crops will be affected by shade which is provided by panels as they allow very little solar radiation passage for fixation of CO2 by crop. Solar radiation, PAR, and Light Saturation Point are vital indices to enhance plant biomass. Generally shade-loving or tolerant crops are preferable under agrivoltaics. However, shade-intolerant crops can also be grown in interspaces where crops can capture a sufficient amount (> 50%) of sun-light. The shade provided by APV creates a microclimate suitable for practicing cultivation in arid regions, livestock (rangevoltaics) and aquaponics etc. Some of the crops like cherry, bell pepper, lettuce, grapes, berries, and other cool season crop plants etc. showed better response under APV and reported enhanced growth, yield, and quality compared to conventional farming. The electricity generated by PV would improve the farmer’s socio-economic status, and land productivity and helps to curtail environmental pollution.
18
Vasiliev, Mikhail, Victor Rosenberg, David Goodfield, Jamie Lyford, and Chengdao Li. "High-transparency clear window-based agrivoltaics." Sustainable Buildings 6 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2023006.
Abstract:
A number of modern glass and window products based on novel glazing designs, low-emissivity thin-film coatings, and proprietary fluorescent interlayer types have been developed recently. Advanced windows of today can control properties such as thermal emissivity, heat gain, colour, and transparency. In novel glass products, solar energy harvesting through PV integration is also featured, enabled by either patterned-semiconductor thin-film energy conversion surfaces, or by using luminescent concentrator-type approaches to achieve higher transparency. Typically, semitransparent and also highly-transparent PV windows are purpose-designed, for applications in construction industry and agrivoltaics (greenhousing), to include special types of luminescent materials, diffractive microstructures, and customized glazing systems and electric circuitry. Recently, significant progress has been demonstrated in building integrated high-transparency solar windows (featuring visible light transmission of up to 70%, with electric power output Pmax ∼ 30−33 Wp/m2, e.g. ClearVue PV Solar Windows); these are expected to add momentum towards the development of smart cities and advanced agrivoltaics in greenhouse installations. At present (in 2023), these ClearVue window designs are the only type of visually-clear and deployment-ready construction materials capable of providing significant energy savings in buildings, simultaneously with a significant amount of renewable energy generation. The objective of this study is to place the recent industrialised development of ClearVue® PV window systems into a broader context of prior studies in the field of luminescent concentrators, as well as to provide some details on the measured performance characteristics of several ClearVue window design types deployed within the building envelope of a research greenhouse, and to elucidate the corresponding differences in their energy harvesting behaviour. An evaluation of the practical applications potential of these recently developed transparent agrivoltaic construction materials is provided, focussing on the measured renewable energy generation figures and the seasonal trends observed during a long-term study. This article reports on the measured performance characteristics of research greenhouse-based agrivoltaic installation constructed at Murdoch University (Perth, Australia) in early 2021.The solar greenhouse at Murdoch University has demonstrated great potential for commercial food production with significant energy savings due to on-site energy production from its building envelope.
19
Reasoner, Meagan, and Aritra Ghosh. "Agrivoltaic Engineering and Layout Optimization Approaches in the Transition to Renewable Energy Technologies: A Review." Challenges 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe13020043.
Abstract:
As more nations move towards net-zero emission goals by 2050, research into the coupling of photovoltaics (PV) and agriculture has increased into a new sector of agrivoltaics (AV). Measurement of the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) has allowed researchers to develop methods for optimizing the agrivoltaic system. Studies on innovative engineering technologies related to photovoltaic tracking along with new generation PV cells were reviewed to determine the factors that influence optimization. This review also considered AV farm layouts and how different spacing, height, and density impact the shading under the panels. As panels block the light from hitting the plants, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) changes and alters plant growth. The shading, however, also creates micro-climates that have beneficial qualities in terms of water usage and PV efficiency. The overall review investigated the research of the last five years into AV optimization and the implications for future AV developments.
20
Sarr, Aminata, Y. M. Soro, Alain K. Tossa, and Lamine Diop. "Agrivoltaic, a Synergistic Co-Location of Agricultural and Energy Production in Perpetual Mutation: A Comprehensive Review." Processes 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2023): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030948.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaic systems, which consist of the combination of energy production by means of photovoltaic systems and agricultural production in the same area, have emerged as a promising solution to the constraints related to the reduction in cultivated areas due to solar panels used in agricultural production systems. They also enable optimization of land use and reduction in conflicts over land access, in order to meet the increasing demand for agricultural products and energy resulting from rapid population growth. However, the selected installation configurations, such as elevation, spacing, tilt, and choice of panel technology used, can have a negative impact on agricultural and/or energy production. Thus, this paper addresses the need for a review that provides a clear explanation of agrivoltaics, including the factors that impact agricultural and energy production in agrivoltaic systems, types of panel configurations and technologies to optimize these systems, and a synthesis of modelling studies which have already been conducted in this area. Several studies have been carried out in this field to find the appropriate mounting height and spacing of the solar panels that optimize crop yields, as this later can be reduced by the shade created with the solar panels on the plants. It was reported that yields have been reduced by 62% to 3% for more than 80% of the tested crops. To this end, an optimization model can be developed to determine the optimal elevation, spacing, and tilt angle of the solar panels. This model would take into account factors that influence crop growth and yield, as well as factors that affect the performance of the photovoltaic system, with the goal of maximizing both crop yield and energy production.
21
Chalgynbayeva, Aidana, Tamás Mizik, and Attila Bai. "Cost–Benefit Analysis of Kaposvár Solar Photovoltaic Park Considering Agrivoltaic Systems." Clean Technologies 4, no. 4 (October 14, 2022): 1054–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4040064.
Abstract:
In the context of the global energy crisis and crucial issues on food, the development and utilization of agrivoltaic (APV) systems could be a way to solve both the energy shortage and agricultural production at the same time and in the same area. As a combination of photovoltaics (PV) and agriculture, agrivoltaics has broad prospects for the future agricultural development of Hungary. Since especially large-scale PV systems can be considered as a potential basis of APV systems, the Kaposvár Solar Power Plant Project in Hungary was analyzed in this study. Two comparative analyses were used: between APV and PV systems, and between APV and apple plantation. An economic model has been developed. The baseline scenario shows that APV systems in current technological and economic conditions are not competitive with PV systems and are also less attractive for agricultural farmers, due to the long return period of the surplus investment cost. By analyzing uncertain factors and seeking possible solutions, the authors’ recommendations for the development, subsidy system and technology might be useful for both farmers and for decision makers to promote APV systems in the future.
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Schindele, Stephan. "Feldfrüchte und Strom von Agrarflächen: Was ist Agri-Photovoltaik und was kann sie leisten?" GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 30, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.30.2.6.
Abstract:
Agri-Photovoltaik bedeutet, dass Agrarflächen doppelt genutzt werden: zum Anbau von Feldfrüchten und zur Produktion von Strom. Aufgrund dieser ,,Doppelernte“ verliert die Landwirtschaft keine Anbauflächen ‐ anders als bei Photovoltaik-Freiflächenanlagen, die überwiegend der Stromerzeugung dienen. Damit Subventionen jenen Nutzungen zugute kommen, die der Umwelt und der Nahrungsmittelproduktion gleichermaßen dienen, ist es wichtig, Agri-Photovoltaik von Freiflächenanlagen abzugrenzen und verschiedene Varianten der Agri-Photovoltaik zu unterscheiden.“Agrivoltaics” denotes approaches to use agricultural areas simultaneously to produce food and to generate photovoltaic (PV) electricity. Social impact analysis shows that for a successful agrivoltaics dissemination, clear standards must be set for the agricultural activity on agrivoltaics sites, so that no subsidy abuse and pseudo-farming occur. Until today there is no internationally recognized definition of agrivoltaics, but since more governments are willing to include the technology in their policies, this article derives a generally valid agrivoltaics definition and puts it up for debate. In the first step, differentiation criteria of agrivoltaics from other PV applications were developed. In the second step, the derived properties were scrutinised with reference to the political reasons for agrivoltaics diffusion in Germany, and compared to Germany’s goals in terms of energy and environmental policy. Finally, a basic definition is derived that must meet certain mandatory requirements. This generally applicable definition of agrivoltaics can be supplemented in the national context by optional requirements to steer diffusion more purposefully. The results contribute to the debate on the definition of agrivoltaics in Germany and can also enrich the discourse in other governments and parliaments on agrivoltaics market introduction.
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Li, Haoran, and Sijie Sun. "Exploration of the European agrivoltaics landscape in the context of global climate change." E3S Web of Conferences 520 (2024): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452002013.
Abstract:
To combat growing climate change and energy shortages, the development of sustainable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels has become an important option for Europe. Agrivoltaics have been successfully built in some countries, showing a wide range of application prospects. In this paper, the advantages and limitations as well as the impacts of agrivoltaics are studied and summarized through survey method, case study method, literature research method and descriptive research method, and the suitability of agrivoltaics for the EU region is studied and explored. The results show that agrivoltaics can maintain or improve the ecology to solve the energy problem and achieve economic benefits. Our results provide a reference for the exploration of the European agrivoltaics landscape in the context of global climate change.
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Mahto, Rakeshkumar, Deepak Sharma, Reshma John, and Chandrasekhar Putcha. "Agrivoltaics: A Climate-Smart Agriculture Approach for Indian Farmers." Land 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111277.
Abstract:
India is a leader when it comes to agriculture. A significant part of the country’s population depends on agriculture for livelihood. However, many of them face challenges due to using unreliable farming techniques. Sometimes the challenges increase to the extent that they commit suicide. Besides, India is highly populated, and its population is steadily increasing, requiring its government to grow its GDP and increase its energy supply proportionately. This paper reviews integrating solar farming with agriculture, known as Agrivoltaics, as a Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) option for Indian farmers. This study is further supported by the Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis of agrivoltaics. Using the SWOT analysis, this article presents how agrivoltaics can make agriculture sustainable and reliable. This paper identifies rural electrification, water conservation, yield improvement, sustainable income generation, and reduction in the usage of pesticides as the strengths of agrivoltaics. Similarly, the paper presents weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to agrivoltaics in India. The research concludes with the findings that agrivoltaics have the potential of meeting multiple objectives such as meeting global commitments, offering employment, providing economic stability, increasing clean energy production capacity, conserving natural resources, and succeeding in several others. The paper also includes a discussion about the findings, suggestions, and implications of adopting agrivoltaics on a large scale in India.
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Moore, Karli A., and David B. Lobell. "Opportunities and Barriers for Agrivoltaics on Tribal Lands." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (June 26, 2024): 5414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135414.
Abstract:
Recent federal legislation, like the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, has led to a push for more solar energy on Tribal lands, increasing competition for already limited agricultural land. Agrivoltaics is an innovative technology with the potential to lessen the tradeoffs between agriculture production and solar energy generation. This study investigates the opportunities and barriers for agrivoltaics on Tribal lands through expert qualitative interviews with Tribal agriculture professionals that inform geospatial suitability analysis of physical characteristics. Qualitative results indicate agrivoltaics on Tribal lands could contribute positively to food sovereignty, energy sovereignty, and economic development goals for Tribes; on the other hand, Tribal agriculture professionals have technical, economic, siting, and socioecological concerns that should be addressed through future work. Quantitatively, we find up to 15 million acres of Tribal agricultural land may be feasible for micro-grid agrivoltaics, with 7 million acres in sufficient proximity to existing transmission lines to tie into the grid. The leading states for Tribal agrivoltaics by land area are South Dakota, Montana, and Arizona, each home to Tribes with large land bases and a strong agricultural economy. This work aims to inform Tribal land managers, policymakers, and researchers on the opportunities and barriers for agrivoltaics on Tribal lands.
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Taylor, M., J. Pettit, T. Sekiyama, and M. M. Sokołowski. "Justice-driven agrivoltaics: Facilitating agrivoltaics embedded in energy justice." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 188 (December 2023): 113815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113815.
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Chae, Seung-Hun, Hye Joung Kim, Hyeon-Woo Moon, Yoon Hyung Kim, and Kang-Mo Ku. "Agrivoltaic Systems Enhance Farmers’ Profits through Broccoli Visual Quality and Electricity Production without Dramatic Changes in Yield, Antioxidant Capacity, and Glucosinolates." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061415.
Abstract:
The increase in world population by an average rate of 2% per year causes critical issues on energy and foods. By 2050, food demand will increase to 35~56% more than in 2010 due to the growing population. Agrivoltaic systems allow us to reach sustainable food and electricity-production goals with high land-use efficiency. In this study, the yield, antioxidant capacity, and secondary metabolite of broccoli and electricity production were analyzed under an agrivoltaic system over 3 cultivation periods. Based on energy production, an economic analysis of agrivoltaic was carried out. In addition, our study also reported that agrivoltaic with additional shading treatment produced greener broccoli with a higher level of consumer preference than open-field grown ones. The yield, antioxidant capacity, some glucosinolates and hydrolysis products of broccoli grown under an agrivoltaic system were not significantly different from those of broccoli grown in the open-field.
28
Matulić, Daniel, Željko Andabaka, Sanja Radman, Goran Fruk, Josip Leto, Jakša Rošin, Mirta Rastija, et al. "Agrivoltaics and Aquavoltaics: Potential of Solar Energy Use in Agriculture and Freshwater Aquaculture in Croatia." Agriculture 13, no. 7 (July 22, 2023): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13071447.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics combine renewable energy production with agriculture and aquaculture. Agrivoltaics involves placing solar panels on farmland, while aquavoltaics integrates photovoltaic systems with water bodies and aquaculture. This paper examines the benefits and challenges of agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics, focusing on their potential for Croatian agriculture and freshwater aquaculture. Benefits include dual land use, which allows farmers to produce clean energy while maintaining agricultural practices. They diversify renewable energy sources and reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Solar panels in agrivoltaics provide shade, protect crops, reduce water needs, and increase yields. Challenges include high initial costs and limited accessibility, especially for small farmers. Integration with existing systems requires careful planning, considering irrigation, soil moisture, and crop or fish production. Maintenance and cleaning present additional challenges due to dust, debris, and algae. Policy and regulatory frameworks must support implementation, including incentives, grid integration, land use regulations, and conservation. The location, resources, and crops grown in Croatia present an opportunity for agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics, considering cultivation methods, species, and regulatory requirements.
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Kim, Sojung, and Sumin Kim. "Design of an Agrivoltaic System with Building Integrated Photovoltaics." Agronomy 13, no. 8 (August 16, 2023): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082140.
Abstract:
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) are becoming popular as building elements such as windows, roofs, and outer walls. Because BIPVs have both a construction material function and an electricity generation function, they are a promising alternative to sustainable buildings. This study aims to propose a novel agrivoltaic system design that produces crops underneath photovoltaic (PV) modules. Regarding the fact that crop growth is significantly influenced by shading from PV modules, roof BIPVs with different shading ratios can lead to increased crop productivity. Thus, BIPV design should be investigated based on the performance estimation and feasibility evaluation of different shading ratios in an agrivoltaic system. To this end, electricity generation and crop production models are devised by polynomial regression (PR) based on field experiment data collected from the agrivoltaic system at the Agricultural Research Service Center in Naju-si, South Korea. The experiment shows that a shading ratio of 30% allows for the maximization of the profitability of electricity and soybean production in an agrivoltaic system equipped with BIPVs. As a result, this research will contribute to implementing an agrivoltaic system with various BIPVs.
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Mohammedi, Serine, Giovanna Dragonetti, Naouel Admane, and Abdelouahid Fouial. "The Impact of Agrivoltaic Systems on Tomato Crop: A Case Study in Southern Italy." Processes 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2023): 3370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11123370.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaics, a system combining the production of agricultural crops and solar energy on the same land area, offers a potential solution to land use competition between different sectors. However, concerns have been raised regarding the impact of shade on plant growth under Agrivoltaic Systems (AVSs). Numerous studies have explored the effects of AVSs shading on agricultural crops. However, most of these studies focused on shade-tolerant crops, leaving a gap in the understanding of how these systems affect shade-intolerant crops. To this end, this study was conducted in Bari, southern Italy, using two types of AVSs: conventional (Con) and semi-transparent (ST) panels. The objective was to assess the impacts of the different levels of shading on the tomato yield and fruit quality. Tomato cultivation occurred between May and August under various conditions: Con panels, ST panels, and Open Field. The results revealed that soil temperature decreased under both AVSs compared to in the open field conditions. However, the significant reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), up to 43% in ST and 67% in Con, led to yield reductions ranging between 28% and 58% in ST and Con, respectively. Nonetheless, AVSs demonstrated their potential to reduce irrigation water demand by over 15% in ST and more than 20% in Con. Interestingly, the AVSs reduced fruit size but improved certain fruit quality attributes, such as titratable acidity, which is closely correlated with fruit flavour. These findings highlight the challenges of cultivating shade-intolerant crops under AVSs in a Mediterranean climate, while temperate, dry conditions may offer more favourable prospects for agricultural production.
31
Di Francia, Girolamo, and Paolo Cupo. "A Cost–Benefit Analysis for Utility-Scale Agrivoltaic Implementation in Italy." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 2991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16072991.
Abstract:
Utility-scale photovoltaic plants can take up areas as wide as several tens of hectares, often occupying spaces normally used for other purposes. This “land competition” issue might become particularly relevant for agriculture since, similarly to the production of photovoltaic electricity, farming uses the sun as a primary energy source. Thus, there is increasing interest in investigating agrivoltaic plants that allow the coexistence of agricultural activity and the production of electricity from photovoltaics. Such solutions are more complex and expensive than standard ground-mounted photovoltaic plants, so it is questionable whether the economic revenues produced by the agrivoltaic choice and resulting from both the cropland activity and electricity production can compensate for the high costs involved. The problem is further complicated by the fact that both crop revenues and photoelectricity costs depend, in general, on the geographical location. In this study, a cost/benefit methodology was developed to investigate the conditions under which the installation of an agrivoltaic utility plant can be economically advantageous compared with a standard ground-mounted photovoltaic plant. The analysis relies on the evaluation of both the extra cost related to the agrivoltaic choice and the performance benefit related to the crop revenues. By fixing the capacity of PV utility plants to be installed in all Italian regions, results were validated, considering crops such as wheat, corn, soybean, potato, and sunflower that make use of wide areas. It was determined that the higher infrastructural costs of agrivoltaic plants seriously hamper their installation, even for high-revenue croplands, unless suitable supporting policies in the form of public subsidies are conceived. In this context, it would be useful to evaluate whether such financial aids conceived to support agrivoltaic implementation in productive agricultural areas could be better used to support agrivoltaic installations in croplands at risk of abandonment or even already abandoned croplands, recovering otherwise unproductive agricultural lands.
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Semeraro, Teodoro, Angelo Leggieri, Antonio Calisi, and Aurelia Scarano. "Increase of landscape ecosystem services generated by agrivoltaics systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 396 (2024): 16001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439616001.
Abstract:
UN estimated that the world population will probably grow by 75% in 2050. This will press food and energy production to satisfy human needs. In recent years, the agricultural and energy sectors have been in competition for land use, as many arable lands have been changed in photovoltaic (PV) farms with a loss of food production and ecosystem services. Indeed, in many PV farms the flora is ruderal, with the prevalence of nitrophilous-type plants, and requires frequent mowing with a cost for the companies to prevent panel shading and reduce fire risk. The agrivoltaics system represents a new frontier for renewable energy policy, by associating energy production with food security. The agrivoltaics system combines the PV panels installation with the possibility to develop crop production under them. This provides a new perspective of vegetation management in the agrivoltaics field, mainly allowing to replace invasive plants (passive vegetation management) into crop production (active vegetation management). This allows the implementation of food production and raw material, besides the improvement of ecosystem services provisioning. In this study, we estimated the ecosystem services increase by three agricultural scenarios of agrivoltaics systems, such as vegetables vegetation and woods vegetation. The results show that these potential solutions can give the possibility to generate new economic activities in agrivoltaics farms with potential benefits from a local scale (e.g., cultural services) to a global one (e.g., regulation services). In the agrivoltaics system, the provisioning of ecosystem services is deviated by the feedback of agricultural knowledge, PV technologies and vegetation development. They represent Innovativebased Solutions creating more landscape and environmental externality for human needs through multifunctional land use.
33
Hwang, Kyu-Won, and Chul-Yong Lee. "Estimating the Deterministic and Stochastic Levelized Cost of the Energy of Fence-Type Agrivoltaics." Energies 17, no. 8 (April 18, 2024): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17081932.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaics can be used to supply energy and produce agricultural products in order to meet the growing demand for energy and food. The amount of power generation is affected by the solar panel direction, spacing, tilt, and panel technology; however, there is insufficient empirical data-based research on the operation of agrivoltaics. This study estimates the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for a fence-based agrivoltaics system using bifacial modules. This study installed and operated photovoltaic (PV) systems on a rice paddy and saltern in South Korea to estimate the input variables that could affect their economic efficiency and LCOE. For the research methods, this study used Monte Carlo simulation (a stochastic analysis method that reflects the uncertainty of the input variables), a deterministic LCOE analysis, and a sensitivity analysis of the input variables. In terms of space utilization, the LCOE of the paddy system (139.07~141.19 KRW/kWh) was found to be relatively lower than that of the saltern system (145.43~146.18 KRW/kWh), implying that the PV system on the paddy was economically favorable. In terms of installation direction, it was more economical to operate the southwest-facing panels (139.07~145.43 KRW/kWh) than the southeast-facing panels (141.19~146.18 KRW/kWh). This study provides foundational policy data for the adoption of fence-based agrivoltaics and contributes to the widespread and active use of agrivoltaics.
34
Zheng, Jianan, Shoudong Meng, Xinyu Zhang, Honglong Zhao, Xiaolong Ning, Fangcai Chen, Altyeb Ali Abaker Omer, Jan Ingenhoff, and Wen Liu. "Increasing the comprehensive economic benefits of farmland with Even-lighting Agrivoltaic Systems." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0254482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254482.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaic combines crop planting and electricity generation on the same land, it is considered as an opportunity to resolve the competition for land use between food and energy production. In addition to growing crops, farmers can gain electricity with the installation of agrivoltaic systems on their farmland. They can use this clean energy for agricultural production or sell it for extra income. The Chinese government considers it an important strategy for “Targeted Poverty Alleviation”. However, current methods of agrivoltaic provide uneven and low irradiance for crops, which usually results in reduced yield and low quality. In this study, an improved agrivoltaic system with a grooved glass plate has been designed, manufactured, and investigated, called Even-lighting Agrivoltaic System (EAS). Two experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of the improvement. We measured the crops’ light environment, the crop growth process, the crop yield and quality, the electricity generation, and calculated the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) as well as the comprehensive economic benefits on the farmland per hectare. Under the EAS, crops grew fast and the yield was similar or better than that under the natural state. By adding supplementary LED lamps into the EAS, the soluble sugar content of lettuce increased by 72.14% and the nitrate content of lettuce decreased by 21.51%. The average LER of the EAS for common vegetables was 1.64 as demonstrated in this work. Comprehensive economic benefits outperform the installation and maintenance costs, thus, the EAS can increase farmers’ income by an average of 5.14 times. The EAS provides new ideas and directions for the future development of agrivoltaic.
35
Pearce, Joshua M. "Parametric Open Source Cold-Frame Agrivoltaic Systems." Inventions 6, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6040071.
Abstract:
There is an intense need to optimize agrivoltaic systems. This article describes the invention of a new testing system: the parametric open source cold-frame agrivoltaic system (POSCAS). POSCAS is an adapted gardening cold-frame used in cold climates as it acts as a small greenhouse for agricultural production. POSCAS is designed to test partially transparent solar photovoltaic (PV) modules targeting the agrivoltaic market. It can both function as a traditional cold frame, but it can also be automated to function as a full-service greenhouse. The integrated PV module roof can be used to power the controls or it can be attached to a microinverter to produce power. POSCAS can be placed in an experimental array for testing agricultural and power production. It can be easily adapted for any type of partially transparent PV module. An array of POSCAS systems allows for the testing of agrivoltaic impacts from the percent transparency of the modules by varying the thickness of a thin film PV material or the density of silicon-based cells, and various forms of optical enhancement, anti-reflection coatings and solar light spectral shifting materials in the back sheet. All agrivoltaic variables can be customized to identify ideal PV designs for a given agricultural crop.
36
Liu, Wen, Altyeb Ali Abaker Omer, and Ming Li. "Agrivoltaic: Challenge and Progress." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (July 22, 2023): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071934.
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Tri Nugroho, Apri, Sasongko Pramono Hadi, Heri Sutanta, and Hyatma Adikara Ajarin. "Optimising Agrivoltaic Systems: Identifying Suitable Solar Development Sites for Integrated Food and Energy Production." Journal of Power, Energy, and Control 1, no. 1 (April 28, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.62777/pec.v1i1.3.
Abstract:
This study explores the integration of food and energy systems as a solution to address agricultural challenges in the dryland region of Gunungkidul Regency. Facing water scarcity issues, the region's abundant solar irradiation potential presents an opportunity for co-locating food and energy production, specifically through the implementation of an agrivoltaic system. Seven sub-districts had been designated in the local government regulations for solar energy development sites, including Gedangsari, Nglipar, Ngawen, Purwosari, Saptosari, Tanjungsari, and Tepus. Ten criteria and five constraints were established to assess their suitability for agrivoltaic systems. Utilising map overlay analysis and integrating GIS-MCDA with Fuzzy and AHP methodologies, three sub-districts—Semanu, Wonosari, and Tepus—emerged as the most suitable locations. Each sub-district boasts substantial total areas of 1,779.9 Ha, 1,325.5 Ha, and 1,147.21 Ha, respectively, with Tepus aligning with the local government's solar energy development plan. This comprehensive approach ensures that the selected locations meet both energy development goals and the potential for successful agrivoltaic implementation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing food and energy combinations through an agrivoltaic system in Gunungkidul Regency, providing insights into suitable sub-districts and emphasising the importance of aligning regional energy plans with sustainable agricultural practices on arid land.
38
Mohammad, Gul, Hindola Ghosh, Kuheli Mitra, and Nabanita Saha. "Sun, Soil, and Sustainability: Opportunities and Challenges of Agri-Voltaic Systems in India." Current Agriculture Research Journal 12, no. 1 (April 20, 2024): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.12.1.05.
Abstract:
The rise in green energies attempts to fulfil worldwide energy needs while substituting fossil fuels. It does, however, necessitate a vast amount of land. On the other hand, food security is jeopardized by the effects of climate change as well as an expanding population, particularly in India. As India strives for net-zero emissions by 2050, the integration of photovoltaics (PV) with agriculture has unlocked an emerging field known as agrivoltaics (AV). Agrivoltaics not only provides a long-term solution to the issue of land competition, but it also increases agricultural yields, conserves water resources, and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. To evaluate the elements influencing the efficiency of AV, studies on revolutionary technologies connected to solar systems and the latest generation of photovoltaics are examined. This paper looks at agrivoltaics as a climate-conscious farming option with its advantages and disadvantages in India. This article also reviews AV plant designs and how varied intervals, altitude, and density affect shadowing.
39
Gonocruz, Ruth Anne, Ren Nakamura, Kota Yoshino, Masaru Homma, Tetsuya Doi, Yoshikuni Yoshida, and Akira Tani. "Analysis of the Rice Yield under an Agrivoltaic System: A Case Study in Japan." Environments 8, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8070065.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaic systems, comprising photovoltaic panels placed over agricultural crops, have recently gained increasing attention. Emerging interest in these systems led us to investigate their influence on rice crops. Various factors affecting rice crop yield, including fertilizer application, temperature, and solar radiation, were directly observed, and measured to evaluate changes associated with the shading rates of photovoltaic systems installed above rice crops. The results suggest that the allowable upper limit of the shading rate for agrivoltaic installations ranges from 27 to 39%, which sustains at least 80% of the rice yield, a condition set by the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for these systems. If such systems are applied to rice paddies in Japan at 28% density, they could generate 284 million MWh/yr. This is equivalent to approximately 29% of the total Japanese electricity demand, based on 2018 calculations. This projection indicates the potential of agrivoltaic systems for efficient land use and sustainable energy generation.
40
Dinesh, Harshavardhan, and Joshua M. Pearce. "The potential of agrivoltaic systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54 (February 2016): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.024.
41
Teng, Jerome Wei Chiang, Chew Beng Soh, Shiddalingeshwar Channabasappa Devihosur, Ryan Hong Soon Tay, and Steve Kardinal Jusuf. "Effects of Agrivoltaic Systems on the Surrounding Rooftop Microclimate." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 7089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127089.
Abstract:
Agrivoltaic systems have the potential to maximize the usefulness of spaces in building rooftops. Urban farming systems improve the microclimatic conditions, which are beneficial to solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, as they lower the operating temperatures, resulting in a higher operating efficiency. Microclimate simulations by means of ENVI-met simulation showed that between 0800 h and 1800 h, PV temperatures in the plot that has crops below the PV system were on average lower by 2.83 °C and 0.71 °C as compared without crops on a typical sunny and cloudy day, respectively. Hence, we may see PV efficiency performance improvement of 1.13–1.42% and 0.28–0.35% on a sunny day and cloudy day, respectively. Data collected from a physical prototype of an agrivoltaic system suggested that evaporative cooling was responsible for the reduction in ambient temperatures. The presence of crops growing underneath the PV canopy resulted in the agrivoltaic prototype generating between 3.05 and 3.2% more energy over the day as compared to a control system with no crops underneath.
42
Othman, Noor Fadzlinda, Mohammad Effendy Ya’acob, Li Lu, Ahmad Hakiim Jamaluddin, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su, Hashim Hizam, Rosnah Shamsudin, and Juju Nakasha Jaafar. "Advancement in Agriculture Approaches with Agrivoltaics Natural Cooling in Large Scale Solar PV Farms." Agriculture 13, no. 4 (April 12, 2023): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040854.
Abstract:
The increasing concerns about the impact of large-scale solar photovoltaic farms on the environment and the energy crisis have raised many questions. This issue is mainly addressed by the integration of agriculture advancement in solar photovoltaic systems infrastructure facilities, commonly known as agrivoltaic. Through the use of these systems, the production of crops can be increased, and the efficiency of PV panels can be improved. Accordingly, adopting such synergistic paths forward can contribute toward building resilient energy-generation and food-production systems. The utilization of cooling techniques can provide a potential solution for the excessive heating of PV cells and lower cell temperatures. Effective cooling applied to PV cells significantly improves their electrical efficiency, as well as increasing their lifespan because of decreasing thermal stresses. This paper shares an overview of both active and passive cooling approaches in solar PV applications with an emphasis on newly developed agrivoltaic natural cooling systems. Actual data analysis at the 2 MWp Puchong agrivoltaic farm shows a significant value of 3% increase of the DC generation (on average) which is most beneficial to solar farm operators.
43
AL-agele, Hadi A., Kyle Proctor, Ganti Murthy, and Chad Higgins. "A Case Study of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon var. Legend) Production and Water Productivity in Agrivoltaic Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 2850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052850.
Abstract:
The challenge of meeting growing food and energy demand while also mitigating climate change drives the development and adoption of renewable technologies ad approaches. Agrivoltaic systems are an approach that allows for both agricultural and electrical production on the same land area. These systems have the potential to reduced water demand and increase the overall water productivity of certain crops. We observed the microclimate and growth characteristics of Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicon var. Legend) grown within three locations on an Agrivoltaic field (control, interrow, and below panels) and with two different irrigation treatments (full and deficit). Total crop yield was highest in the control fully irrigated areas a, b (88.42 kg/row, 68.13 kg/row), and decreased as shading increased, row full irrigated areas a, b had 53.59 kg/row, 32.76 kg/row, panel full irrigated areas a, b had (33.61 kg/row, 21.64 kg/row). Water productivity in the interrow deficit treatments was 53.98 kg/m3 greater than the control deficit, and 24.21 kg/m3 greater than the panel deficit, respectively. These results indicate the potential of Agrivoltaic systems to improve water productivity even for crops that are traditionally considered shade-intolerant.
44
Sojib Ahmed, M., M. Rezwan Khan, Anisul Haque, and M. Ryyan Khan. "Agrivoltaics analysis in a techno-economic framework: Understanding why agrivoltaics on rice will always be profitable." Applied Energy 323 (October 2022): 119560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119560.
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Luo, Jiufu, Zhongxin Luo, Wen Li, Wenbo Shi, and Xin Sui. "The Early Effects of an Agrivoltaic System within a Different Crop Cultivation on Soil Quality in Dry–Hot Valley Eco-Fragile Areas." Agronomy 14, no. 3 (March 14, 2024): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030584.
Abstract:
The co-allocation of photovoltaic arrays with crops presents a promising strategy to mitigate the conflict between photovoltaics and agricultural land. However, there is a notable lack of quantitative research on the impact of agrivoltaic system on land quality in fragile areas. In this study, peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were cultivated in photovoltaic array in the dry–hot valley of southwest China, with an off-site native land serving as the control. Sixteen soil physicochemical and biochemical parameters were measured in the gap and under-panel and control area. Results demonstrated that the agrivoltaic system significantly enhanced soil moisture, organic carbon, nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium nutrients, microbial biomass, and urease activity. It also led to varying degrees of increase in soil pH and electrical conductivity, along with reduced soil sucrase and phosphatase activity. In comparison to the control, the agrivoltaic system notably improved soil quality and multifunctionality. Specially, gap cultivation had a more pronounced positive impact on soil quality than under-panel cultivation, and the cultivation of peanuts had a greater effect on soil quality and multifunctionality improvement than ryegrass. This study provides fundamental data to support the improvement of land quality in photovoltaic developed regions, and to alleviate the conflict between photovoltaics and agricultural land.
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Panda, Sampurna, Rakesh Kumar, Babita Panda, Bhagabat Panda, and Ashish Raj. "Combining solar panels with plants for sustainable energy and food production: state of the art." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i2.pp434-441.
Abstract:
The need for alternative energy sources becomes extensive because of the escalating cost of fossil fuels. The goal of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of combining photovoltaics and agriculture for better yield. Photovoltaic (PV) solar plants will compete with farms for available land. In this study, the methodologies are discussed how it is possible to maximize land utilization by placing solar arrays and food crops on the same plot of land. The term is proposed "agrivoltaic system" to describe this setup. Conventional solutions (discrimination of agricultural and energy extracting) were compared to two agrivoltaic schemes with varying density of PV arrays using land equivalent ratios. We utilized a crop model to simulate the amount of sunlight reaching the crop from an array of solar panels and to speculate on the yield reduction that would result from the partial shading. These early findings suggest that agrivoltaic systems may be highly effective; the two densities of PV panels were anticipated to boost worldwide land production by 73%. One possible explanation for the success of these hybrid systems is the presence of facilitation mechanisms analogous to those seen in agroforestry. At the end it is suggested that in places where arable land is rare, new solar plants may find it beneficial to produce both power and food.
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Shams, S. M. Nasif, Tanvir Hassan Mojumder, Md Fahim Hasan Khan, and Kamrul Hasan Shuvo. "Assessing the Efficiency of a Proposed Agrivoltaic System in Bangladesh to Ensure Multiple Uses of Land and Water." Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 11, no. 2 (October 2, 2023): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujees.v11i2.68836.
Abstract:
A new conceptual agrivoltaic system has been designed, developed, and tested in this study to assure multiple uses of land for energy and food production along with a Carbon Capturing Device (CCD), which is not yet practiced. Dust deposition on the solar panel of agrivoltaic system can impair power generation. As a result, regular cleaning of the solar panel is required for improved panel performance. However, dry cleaning is not always appropriate for effective cleaning when sticky materials, such as bird droppings or dirt, deposition on the panel. Depending on the size of the PV system, wet cleaning will take a large volume of water. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proposed agrivoltaic system to explore the potential of sustainable ways of utilizing water for multiple applications. In the outdoor experiment, the developed prototype was tested. The amount of provided and recovered water was determined. Recycled water was used to grow Napier grass, water spinach, and fish. Within one month, yields from vegetation and fish were 8 kg and 426 grams, respectively. In addition, research has been conducted using carbon sequestration techniques to construct a CCD utilizing algae and recycled water. A comparative study of water and algae scrubbing found that algae washing removed 9.10% more CO2 from the sample gas than water scrubbing. Additional biogas scrubbing experiments demonstrated that the developed algal CCD eliminated 78% of the undesired H2S from biogas. The study finds that deploying the combined production technique for power and food can give a mutual advantage. The effective application of the aforementioned method might help to accomplish the following Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 13- Climate Action; SDG 7-Affordable and Clean Energy. It can provide environmental and economic sustainability by producing clean energy and conserving water. It is obvious that more research in this area is necessary, and the outcomes for various crops and geographical regions of the country and further improvement scopes should be investigated to determine the potential of agrivoltaic farming in Bangladesh. The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 11(2), 2022: P 33-41
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Nam, Cheol Hwan, Man Ho Park, An A. Yun, Hee Jung Ji, Bo ram Choi, and Sang Soo Sun. "Study on Forage Production under Agrivoltaic System." Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 41, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5333/kgfs.2021.41.1.1.
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Mamun, Mohammad Abdullah Al, Paul Dargusch, David Wadley, Noor Azwa Zulkarnain, and Ammar Abdul Aziz. "A review of research on agrivoltaic systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 161 (June 2022): 112351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112351.
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Malu, Prannay R., Utkarsh S. Sharma, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Agrivoltaic potential on grape farms in India." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 23 (October 2017): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2017.08.004.