Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agrifood'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Agrifood.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Agrifood.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
De, Conti Luca <1996>. "Blockchain Technology in the Agrifood Sector." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21618.
Full textAbstract:
The Thesis want to analyze the disruptive impact that blockchain technology can have regarding the whole supply chain of agricultural sector,thanks to the intrinsic characteristics of this technology, in which transparency, digitalization and trust are the basement to shape in an innovative and more reliable way, the journey of food, from harvest to retailers shelf.
First of all, I will analyze the actual food sector, highlighting the steps of a classical supply chain and the related controversies, then I will briefly present the main characteristics of blockchain technology, in order to be able to discuss the possible synergies than can arise from the combination of such technology with Agrifood sector.
Finally I will conduct a research using databases such as Crunchbase, in order to analyze the current state of start up which are working in the same field, aiming to discover the actual trends and point of interest that the business word is trying to reach.
Finally I will present my personal point of view, generated by a combination of my personal thought and the knowledge that I have been able to acquire during the making of this elaborate.
2
Valéa, Aristide B. "Three essays on Innovation and Agrifood Trade." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66563.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse aborde trois questions relatives à l'innovation et au commerce international agroalimentaire. Le premier essai traite des implications de la libéralisation commerciale sur la qualité et les prix des exportations agroalimentaires, tant sur le plan théorique qu'empirique. Basée sur la littérature récente en commerce international, l'investigation théorique étend un modèle existant en introduisant les tarifs des outputs comme facteurs susceptibles d'impacter la qualité des exportations. Le modèle renseigne que les effets de la libéralisation commerciale sur la qualité des produits exportés dépendent fortement du niveau de différenciation des produits. En e et, la libéralisation commerciale induit une amélioration de la qualité des exportations plus importante pour les produits différenciés que pour les produits homogènes. Ces conclusions théoriques ont été testées avec des données des pays membres de l'OCDE. Les résultats empiriques corroborent en grande partie les hypothèses théoriques. Le deuxième essai est consacré à l'analyse des effets directs et indirects (via l'innovation) des contraintes de financement sur les performances à l'exportation des entreprises agroalimentaires dans les pays africains. La littérature soutient que les contraintes de financement impactent négativement les activités d'innovation des entreprises. Par ailleurs, l'innovation constitue un des principaux déterminants de la performance des entreprises à l'exportation. Il est alors pertinent d'envisager que les contraintes de financement peuvent impacter directement les performances à l'exportation des entreprises agroalimentaires à travers la hausse des coûts liés aux activités d'exportation, mais aussi indirectement à travers la réduction des incitations des entreprises à innover. Le modèle théorique développé suggère que l'impact de l'innovation sur les performances à l'exportation dépendent de deux effets : l'e et coût et l'e et de création de demande. L'innovation ne se traduit par une amélioration des performances à l'exportation que si l'e et de création de demande est supérieur à l'e et coût. Par ailleurs, les entreprises les plus financièrement contraintes sont moins enclines à innover et moins performantes sur les marchés étrangers. Ces conclusions théoriques ont été testées à travers des données d'entreprises agroalimentaires de 10 pays africains. De façon générale, l'évidence empirique confirme les conclusions théoriques selon lesquelles les contraintes des financements sont dommageables pour les performances des exportations des entreprises. Le dernier essai de cette thèse questionne les implications des investissements en R&D dans le secteur agricole sur la durée des exportations des produits agricoles dans les pays membres de la CEDEAO. Les recherches sur la survie des exportations dans le secteur agricole sont peu nombreuses. Plus précisément, celles abordant la question des possibles effets des investissements publics R&D sur la durée des exportations sont quasi inexistantes. Au regard de l'importance et du rôle que joue le secteur agricole dans l'économie des pays membres de la CEDEAO et de la faiblesse des investissements dans le secteur agricole, ce troisième essai contribue à combler ce gap. Deux mesures des investissements en R&D ont été utilisées comme variables explicatives de la probabilité de survie des exportations : la moyenne annuelle de la part des investissements en R&D dans le PIB agricole réalisée durant les cinq dernières années avant le début de l'épisode de commerce (investissement en amont) et la moyenne annuelle de la part des investissements en R&D dans le PIB agricole réalisée pendant l'épisode de commerce (investissement en aval). Les résultats empiriques indiquent que de façon générale, les investissements en R&D augmentent la probabilité de survie des exportations des produits agricoles des pays membres de la CEDEAO. Par ailleurs, cet e et n'est pas linéaire dans la mesure où l'augmentation les dépenses en R&D tendent à réduire la probabilité de survie des exportations à partir d'un certain seuil. Les résultats indiquent aussi une hétérogénéité entre les pays et selon le nombre d'épisodes de commerce passés.This thesis addressed three issues related to innovation and agrifood trade through three essays. The rst essay deals with the implications of agrifood trade liberalization on export prices and quality upgrading, theoretically and empirically. Based on the recent literature on international trade, the theoretical investigation extends an existing model by incorporating the reduction of output tari s as an indicator of trade liberalization likely to a ect export quality. The theoretical model informs that the e ects of trade liberalization on the quality of exported products depend strongly on the level of product di erentiation. Indeed, trade liberalization leads to more quality improvement for di erentiated products than for homogeneous products. These theoretical conclusions have been tested with data from OECD member countries. Empirical results largely corroborate theoretical conclusions. The second essay is devoted to the analysis of the direct and indirect e ects (via innovation) of nancial constraints on the export performance of agrifood rms in African countries. The literature argues that nancial constraints negatively impact rms' innovation activities. In addition, innovation is one of the main determinants of export performance. It is therefore relevant to consider nancial constraints to directly impact the export performance of agrifood rms through increased costs related to export activities, but also indirectly through the reduction of rm incentives to innovate. Our theoretical model suggests that the impact of innovation on export performance depends on two e ects: the cost e ect and the demand-creation e ect. Innovation induces improved export performance only if the demand-creation e ect is greater than the cost e ect. Moreover, the most nancially constrained rms are less inclined to innovate and are less successful in foreign markets. These theoretical conclusions were tested on data about agrifood rms from 10 African countries. In general, empirical evidence con rms the theoretical conclusions that nancial constraints are damaging to the performance of rms' exports. v The last essay of this thesis questions the implications of R&D investment in the agricultural sector on export duration of agricultural products in ECOWAS member countries. There is little research on export survival in the agricultural sector. More precisely, those addressing the issue of the possible e ects of public R&D investment on the duration of exports are almost non-existent. Given the importance and role of the agricultural sector in the economies of ECOWAS member countries and the low level of investment in the agricultural sector, this essay contributes to lling this gap. Two measures of R&D investments were used as explanatory variables for the probability of export survival: the annual average share of R&D investments in agricultural GDP in the last ve years before the start of the trade episode (upstream investment) and the average annual share of R&D investments in agricultural GDP realized during the trade episode (downstream investment). The empirical results indicate that, in general, R&D investments increase the agricultural export survival rate of ECOWAS countries. In addition, this e ect is not linear as the increase in R&D expenditures tends to reduce the probability of export survival above a certain threshold. The results also indicate heterogeneity across countries and the number of past trade episodes.
3
Imami, Drini <1978>. "Analysis of agrifood value chain actors' choices in Albania." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3790/1/Imami_Drini_tesi.pdf.
Full text
4
Imami, Drini <1978>. "Analysis of agrifood value chain actors' choices in Albania." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3790/.
Full text
5
Mazzon, Federica <1995>. "Smart and digital agrifood: evidence from six case studies." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15348.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this dissertation is to study the changes brought about by new technologies in terms of productivity, strategy formulation and organization management in the agrifood sector. In order to achieve this objective, I selected six companies belonging to different sectors, from wine to dairy products. I developed the case studies by interviewing the owners, the employees and the technicians working within the companies. My questions were mainly addressed to find out why they have decided to invest in advanced technologies, the changes involved by technology and the future prospective. I was also interested in the advantages and the difficulties met in the process adoption. In particular, I discovered that the main obstacle is related to people, both in terms of competences and human mentality. Training is essential because technology is changing the skills required. More professional technicians will be needed. Furthermore, more interdisciplinary skills will be required to support innovation. Despite the difficulties, technologies are fundamental to compete and to gain additional profits in the future. Anyway it is a utopia thinking that technology will substitute humans in the future. According to the majority of the firms analysed, technology should be perceived as something that supports and facilitates the human decision making process, not something that will change completely the way in which work is performed
6
Gnudi, Federico. "Studio di sensorizzazione di macchinario pick-and-place per agrifood." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
La seguente tesi è stata svolta presso un azienda Cesenate ed ha lo scopo di studiare la sensorizzazione ottima di un macchinario denominato “BGAX” utilizzato nell’industria ortofrutticola per lo sminstamento di bins.
La tesi si è basata su una lista di sensori fornita dall’azienda, la quale è solita utilizzarli nei suoi impianti, ritrovandosi così componentistiche già conosciute (know-how aziendale).
Il primo approccio è stato quello di effettuare lo studio della macchina e dei suoi movimenti per identificare dove e come utilizzare la sensoristica, studio avvenuto su modelli 3D (precedentemente sviluppati dall’azienda).
Per poter individuare il dispositivo più corretto per i vari compiti, è necessario conoscere il suo stesso funzionamento partendo dalla forma “primordiale” (come può essere quello di una fotocellula formata da un diodo trasmettitore e da un ricevitore), per poi andare nello specifico (ad esempio, la fotocellula proiettore/ricevitore) e stilare un elenco di pro e contro di ognuno. Al fine di arrivare a queste conoscenze, si è provveduto ad eseguire ricerche utilizzando web e manualistica.
Con le informazioni ricavate si è discussa la scelta dei sensori.
Per individuare il dispositivo più idoneo si è proceduto, alla comparazione “fisica” tra certi tipi di movimenti e sensori. Alcuni di questi, infatti non sono stati ritenuti idonei per determinati compiti, portando ad una loro esclusione a priori.
In secondo luogo, sono stati confrontati i pro e i contro precedentemente analizzati ed infine è stato scelto il sensore anche in base ad alcune preferenze aziendali (la lista stessa dei sensori è anch’essa una “preferenza aziendale”).
Alcuni sensori sono stati approfonditi tramite l’utilizzo dei Datasheet reperibili dalle case produttrici: a causa di informazioni non omogenee sono stati manipolati i dati otteuti.
Infine, si è stilato un report tecnico fornendo una lista completa dei sensori associati alla loro funzione in questa macchina.
7
Michelon, Francesca <1988>. "Local and Multinational companies in the agrifood sector: case studies." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6244.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis and the study of the global food industry demonstrate clearly that this sector is characterized by few very large companies, the multinational companies (MNCs). Their widespread presence, makes these companies extremely powerful players in the food worldwide arena. The food sector is composed at the same time, by a great amount of relatively small companies (compared to the MNCs ones) that could be benefited by the vertical integration (from production to consumption), but that are geographically limited (defined as Local Companies).
In order to have a better understanding of the food sector, the analysis of the agribusiness as a whole is crucial. At first by having an institutional and regulatory framework of how the agricultural sector is supported by the public actors and how it is globally measured by the OECD indicators. The recent political and economic reforms undertaken by the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the new Farm Bill (Agricultural Act of 2014), show that financing the agricultural sector remains a central and current topic in the European Union and in the US, representing the highest supported sector of their economy. Business models are consequently affected by the regulations and the public supports that the governments give to the agricultural sector. Case studies are taken into account. An inner examination of the US commodity trader Cargill is given, as multinational company business model, whereas a deep insight is offered for the companies Rigoni di Asiago S.r.l., Gruppo Veronesi S.p.A., Bisol and Distilleria B.lo Nardini, in order to settle the local company guidelines as business models. By presenting these companies, representing the two types of business model (multinational and local), it appears that different business models can coexist inside the food sector. The local company business model can be an “alternative” business, economically sustainable and exported outside its “natural” and geographical context.
8
Chan, Chui Shiam. "Home Country Effects on Internationalization: Chinese Agrifood Investment in Advanced Economies." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20580.
Full textAbstract:
Home country effects on internationalization has been conventionally conceived as a contrast to the pull of host countries determinants. While scholarship acknowledges that home country support matters more to internationalizing emerging market multinational enterprises, the focus of extant literature has been underpinned by assumptions of stable macro-level and unidirectional institutional support for the internationalization of firms. This thesis contrasts with previous studies by repositioning the conversation to incorporate the temporal dimension, and investigate the multi-level relationships across institutions, industries and markets in the home country and the varied effects on internationalization. Chinese agrifood investment to advanced economies from 2008 to 2017 against the backdrop of rebalancing and consumption-led growth economy is the phenomenon and research context. The overarching research question is “How do home country effects shape the internationalization of Chinese firms?”. This is addressed in four contextual and case study chapters. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature and applying an abductive research process, I developed a dynamic home country relational model to study the internationalization process of Chinese firms that enriches existing process and institutional frameworks. There are four central findings presented in this thesis. First, home country support engenders different meanings constructed by heterogeneous dispensers and recipients who adopt discretionary selection in a competitive environment. Second, experienced agrifood firms have learned to deliberately avoid controversial farmland purchases and targeted downstream businesses in advanced economies to access resources and gain management skills. Third, wealthy non-agricultural Chinese groups lacking in specialized industry knowledge, face compounded challenges diversifying into agrifood sector and internationalizing simultaneously. Fourth, risk perception and risk mitigation have accentuated as internationalization of Chinese firms evolved, shifting from self-checking to tightening of regulatory controls and reinforced by businesses’ confirmation of support. This study has enhanced the understanding of evolving institutions, and the nuances and irregularity of internationalization processes through the explanation of complex interactions and responses from the perspective of home country actors.
9
Nicolè, S. "BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS TROUGH DNA BARCODING Applications in agrifood and seafood products." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426881.
Full textAbstract:
The research activity, the results of which are the subject of doctoral dissertation, focused on the potentials of DNA barcoding, a genomic approach that exploits a short DNA sequence, a barcode, from a standardized region of the plastid genome, mitochondrial and chloroplast, as a universal and unique identification marker for animal and plant species. The main goal was to test a new accurate and automatable method for the genetic traceability of agri-food products, both of animal (fish, crustaceans and molluscs) and plant origin (bean and grapevine).
First of all, we chose the specimens for the analysis: we selected pure lines of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), clones of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and samples of fish, crustaceans and molluscs purchased in famous GDO or local market in Chioggia e Sottomarina. Regarding the selection of seafood samples to analyze, we proceeded with the collection of the marine species most commonly involved in fraudulent substitutions. The experimental procedure adopted were the genomic DNA isolation from 37 specimens followed by the amplification of three target regions, cox1 (cytochrome oxydase subunit I), cob (apo-cytochrome b) and 16S-rDNA (ribosomal RNA small subunit) genes. Once obtained these data, we proceeded with a sequence similarity search using BOLD and GenBank as reference databases and each of the sequences as query. Overall, the phenetic approach proved to be an efficient tool to ensure the correct detection of seafood composition and thus to control the label information. In fact, for most of the samples it was possible to confirm the origin of the meat declared on the label, except in five situations where it was impossible to establish with no doubt the origin of the samples flagging them as likely falsification cases, voluntary or by accident. Cox1 gene proved to be a valid target for traceability aims, except in three genera, Thunnus, Macruronus and Gadus, where the identification was more problematic. Finally, even if GenBank database still remains the best web tool for forensic purposes, BOLD database proved to be enough rich to allow the correct recognition of almost all the specimens.
Regarding plant DNA barcoding, the goal was to test DNA barcoding strategy as a tool to assess the distinctiveness of species and varieties of pure lines and clones. In the case of bean, we selected 54 pure lines of Phaseolus vulgaris species, 24 Italian pure lines, 18 Mesoamerican landraces and 12 Andean landraces, along with a few P. coccineus, P. lunatus and Vigna unguiculata accessions adopted as reference standards and out-types. These samples were characterized by means of the amplification of 7 chloroplast and two nuclear regions followed by the application of a phenetic approach. The procedure confirmed to be a powerful technique to correctly separate different species, whereas at the varietal level it revealed to be scarcely informative to discriminate gene pools and to identify varieties within P. vulgaris. Thus a second approach, the character-based system, was tested and it allowed to detect within P. vulgaris species a total of 16 haplotypes corresponding to as many subgroups, each one made up by Mesoamerican or Andean accessions along with Italian accessions that clustered with one or the other gene pool.
Finally, a third case study is represented by V. vinifera and the potentials of DNA barcoding approach to distinguish grapevine cultivars used in the production of wines. We proceeded with the selection of 123 grapevine cultivars along with other 5 species of Vitis (V. rupestris, V. riparia, V. labrusca, V. cinerea e V. berlandieri) adopted as reference standards and out-types. After a preliminary analysis of the chloroplast DNA that resulted to be monomorphic, we decided to shift to the nuclear genome amplifying four ESTs and the GAI1 (gibberellins insensitive-like) gene. The analysis is still ongoing, but the preliminary results lead to think that a few haplotypes exist within V. vinifera and they could be use to resolve frequent cases of synonymies and homonymies in grapevine. Furthermore, an economically valuable application may be the exploitation of these haplotypes cultivar-specific for the genetic traceability of wines to avoid cases of falsification.L’attività di ricerca, i cui risultati sono oggetto della dissertazione di dottorato, ha riguardato lo studio delle potenzialità applicative del DNA barcoding, una tecnica molecolare volta all’identificazione degli organismi sulla base dei polimorfismi di specifiche sequenze nucleotidiche localizzate nei genomi plastidiale, mitocondriale e cloroplastico. Il progetto di ricerca ha previsto l’impiego di questo approccio per il riconoscimento di specie ai fini della tracciabilità genetico-molecolare di prodotti agro-alimentari, sia di origine animale (pesci, molluschi e crostacei) che vegetale (fagiolo e vite). Inizialmente si è proceduto all’individuazione degli organismi su cui condurre l’analisi: si sono collezionate linee pure di fagiolo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cloni di vite (Vitis vinifera L.) e campioni di pesci, crostacei e molluschi acquistati presso famose GDO o ai mercati locali di Chioggia e Sottomarina. In particolare, per quanto concerne la scelta delle specie ittiche su cui condurre l’analisi, si è svolta un’estesa indagine di mercato con l’intento di individuare le specie maggiormente coinvolte in falsificazioni alimentari, cioè sostituzione di specie pregiate con altre di valore inferiore. Si è successivamente proceduto alla purificazione di 37 campioni di DNA genomico e alla loro caratterizzazione dal punto di vista molecolare mediante amplificazione e sequenziamento di specifici geni mitocondriali, quali cox1 (Cytochrome oxydase subunit I), 16S-rDNA (16S small ribosomal subunit RNA) e cob (cytochrome b). Una volta acquisiti questi dati, l’interrogazione di due banche dati disponibili on line, BOLD per il gene cox1 e GenBank per tutti e tre i geni, ha consentito di identificare l’origine dei campioni confermando nella maggioranza dei casi quanto dichiarato nell’etichetta di accompagnamento del prodotto alimentare. In cinque situazioni non è stato possibile stabilire con certezza l’origine del campione e questo potrebbe indicare possibili casi di sostituzione, fraudolenta o accidentale. Il DNA barcoding pertanto è risultato utile ai fini dell’identificazione di specie in tutti e tre i taxa studiati, pesci, molluschi e crostacei, e il gene cox1 si è dimostrato un ottimo target per questi scopi eccetto che in tre casi particolari, i generi Thunnus, Macruronus e Gadus. Inoltre è risultato evidente che nonostante GenBank persista come la banca dati più ricca in termini di numero di sequenze depositate, il BOLD sta rapidamente incrementando la quantità di informazioni contenute al suo interno lasciando presupporre che in breve tempo diventerà la banca dati di riferimento per studi di genetica forense e di tracciabilità genetica. Per quanto riguarda le specie vegetali, l’obiettivo era l’identificazione univoca di specie, e soprattutto delle loro varietà quando fondate su un solo genotipo (linee pure, ibridi e cloni). Nel caso di fagiolo, si sono isolati i DNA genomici da 54 varietà di Phaseolus vulgaris, 18 provenienti dal Centro America, 12 dal Sud America e 24 line pure coltivate e commercializzate in Italia, insieme con alti 6 campioni usati come fuori gruppo (Phaseolus coccineus, Phaseolus lunatus e Vigna unguiculata). Sono risultate indispensabili indagini preliminari di polimorfismi di singoli geni al fine di determinare la variabilità genetica tra le varietà e la tracciabilità genetica di singole varietà. La caratterizzazione, tramite l’amplificazione di 7 differenti regioni cloroplastiche e due nucleari seguita da un approccio fenetico, ha confermato le potenzialità della tecnica come strumento efficace per la distinzione delle specie, mentre è risultata scarsamente informativa per il riconoscimento di singole varietà. Da qui si è rivelata necessaria l’adozione di un approccio alternativo, basato sulla determinazione della composizione nucleotidica e del polimorfismo a carico di ciascun gene esaminato, che ha permesso di definire 16 aplotipi corrispondenti ad altrettanti sottogruppi varietali, ciascuno costituito da accessioni Mesoamericane o Andine insieme con le varietà Italiane. Infine l’applicazione del DNA barcoding per la distinzione di cultivar di vite ha richiesto l’abbandono dello studio del genoma cloroplastico, troppo poco variabile, a favore di quello nucleare. Si sono isolati i DNA genomici da 123 cultivar di Vitis vinifera e da altre 5 specie (V. rupestris, V. riparia, V. labrusca, V. cinerea e V. berlandieri) e si sono amplificati 4 EST ed il gene GAI1 (gibberellins insensitive-like). L’analisi bioinformatica è ancora in corso, ma risultati preliminari fanno ipotizzare l’esistenza di aplotipi cultivar-specifici che potrebbero venir impiegati in futuro per risolvere i frequenti casi di sinonimie ed omonimie diffusi all’interno di questa specie. Infine un’altra interessante applicazione da un punto di vista economico potrebbe essere l’impiego di questi aplotipi cultivar-specifici per la tracciabilità genetica dei vini e la tutela delle denominazioni controllate da casi di falsificazione e concorrenza sleale.
10
MacAuley, Lorien Eleanora. "On - Farm Apprenticeships: Labor Identities and Sociocultural Reproduction within Alternative Agrifood Movements." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80966.
Full textAbstract:
On-farm apprenticeships are gaining momentum as an important strategy for beginning farmer training. They are also a space for identity work and rehearsal of alternative agrifood movement practice (AAMs; MacAuley and Niewolny, 2016; Pilgeram, 2011). AAMs embody and recursively construct values of biophysical sustainability, food quality, egalitarianism, and agrarianism (Constance, Renard, and Rivera-Ferre; 2014). However, AAMs have been critiqued for disproportionately representing upper- to middle-class white cultural norms (Allen, 2004; Guthman, 2008a; Slocum, 2007), for romanticized agrarian ideology (Carlisle, 2013), and for mechanisms reproductive of neoliberalism, which buttresses the dominant agrifood system (Guthman, 2008b). These AAM discourse elements are expressed in on-farm apprenticeships. On-farm apprenticeships are variably understood as beginning farmer training (Hamilton, 2011), as inexpensive farm labor (MacAuley and Niewolny, 2016; Pilgeram, 2011), and as sites of tension between economic and non-economic attributes (Ekers, Levkoe, Walker, and Dale, 2016). I illuminate these dynamics within on-farm apprenticeships through the complementary theoretical lenses of cultural historical activity theory (Engeström, 1999), cognitive praxis (Eyerman and Jamison, 1991), and cultural identity theory (Hall, 1996). I employ critical ethnographic case study methodology to explore issues of power, social reproduction, and equity. I conducted 53 days of participant observation, worked alongside 19 apprentices on six farms for 37 days, conducted interviews (n=25), and completed a document analysis (n=407). I observed white spaces and class-based work values re/produced, mediated by AAM discourse. Furthermore, I observed three distinct objectives within the activity system: beginning farmer training, inexpensive labor for farms, and an authentic farm lifestyle experience. In contrast to the first two, this third objective, the authentic lifestyle, resists market-based logics. Instead, logics that did govern behavior include membership in a movement; an ascetic bent; the valorization of farmers and the authentic farm lifestyle; alignment with clean, healthy, and dirty parts of the job; and communitarianism. These logics point towards the creation of a third type of nonmarket/quasimarket space (Gibson-Graham, Cameron, and Healy, 2013). I describe several considerations for on-farm apprenticeship to lead to greater equity, reproduction of viable small farm labor models, and stabilized and legitimate nonmarket understandings of what makes on-farm apprenticeship function.Ph. D.
11
Som, Castellano Rebecca L. "Cooking Up Change?: Alternative Agrifood Practices and the Labor of Food Provisioning." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1372373020.
Full text
12
Santos, João Heitor de Ávila. "The coordination of the innovative process: dynamics of intra-firm interactions in agrifood SMES." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/168791.
Full textAbstract:
A inovação é reconhecida como o processo de renovação da firma, garantindo sua sobrevivência e sucesso. Devido ao ambiente constantemente em mudança, na era digital, as empresas exigem inovação tecnológica e resposta gerencial para se manterem competitivas. Embora, combinar e recombinar todos os recursos não é uma tarefa fácil. Em um mundo ideal e utópico, uma empresa seria composta por trabalhadores com conhecimentos iguais e completos sobre todas as operações, métodos, processos e técnicas das atividades da empresa. A crescente onda de empresas que cooperaram trouxe sucesso a algumas empresas, mas não a todas. Estudos como os de Nesheim (2015), Chatterji (2014) e Mina (2014) nos mostram que o conhecimento é complicado de se gerenciar e é comum que os pesquisadores identifiquem um conhecimento obtido de origem externa preso em certas unidades. Os autores argumentam que esse fenômeno pode acontecer devido a aspectos comportamentais, mas também devido a padrões de processo ou organizacionais. Do ponto de vista intra-firma, Paruchuri (2010) argumenta que uma empresa que melhore a difusão do conhecimento internamente ira aprimorar sua atividade inovadora. Aalbers (2015), refletindo sobre a governança do compartilhamento de conhecimento dentro das organizações, sugere que o conhecimento pode ser difícil de transferir por causa da dinâmica das interações. Essas dinâmicas podem criar uma relutância em compartilhar conhecimento com pessoas de outras unidades. Vários autores, como Hansen (1999 e 2002) e Cross (2003 e 2004) argumentam que os pesquisadores, em grande parte, que se concentraram no fluxo de conhecimento dentro de uma empresa, têm focado apenas nos indivíduos, independentemente da sua posição na organização, e acabam muitas vezes ignorando os limites das unidades da empresa, como possíveis obstáculos para que o conhecimento seja transferido. Devido a esta dinâmica, centrada na inovação, é importante criar novas formas de analisar e desenvolver as atividades da empresa, visando aprimorar seu desempenho e compreender melhor os facilitadores de soluções para que se gere inovação. Portanto, surge a questão da pesquisa: Como as empresas podem gerenciar interações intra-firma para melhorar as atividades inovadoras? Assim, este trabalho tem seu núcleo nas interações intra-firma para fins de inovação. Em outras palavras, exploramos fatores-chave que podem nos permitir analisar melhor as atividades inovadoras da empresa em uma perspectiva intra-firma. O principal objetivo é apresentar os aspectos chave na coordenação intra-firma, baseada nas interações, capaz de melhorar o fluxo de conhecimento para a inovação dentro da empresa. Assim, elaboramos e realizamos um estudo qualitativo com 8 FAI (Firmas Altamente Inovadoras), 4 localizadas no Brasil e 4 localizadas na França. 11 Utilizamos as dimensões e os papéis de corretagem adaptados de Aalbers (2015), Tsang (2015) e Indarti (2010) para desenvolver um instrumento semiestruturado para as entrevistas. Analisamos as interações de um projeto de desenvolvimento de produto em cada empresa e as interações foram classificadas de acordo com: Hierarquia (Horizontal ou Vertical); Alcance (unidade ou unidade cruzada); Tipo (Formal ou Informal) e utilizamos a Intensidade (Frequência) como base para a análise. Nossos resultados demonstram três formas de coordenação intra-firma usadas pelas empresas em suas atividades relacionadas a inovação e um mecanismo específico para a gestão do fluxo de conhecimento com o uso das interações intra-firmas. A primeira forma teve a hierarquia como base para a estrutura organizacional utilizada no projeto, centralizando o controle das interações no coordenador da unidade de desenvolvimento. A segunda forma foi orientada para as interações, os indivíduos com alta posição hierárquica estavam conscientes da importância do fluxo de conhecimento para os processos inovadores. As interações foram centralizadas e depois descentralizadas, em um movimento de interações que seguia o fluxo baixo para cima e cima para baixo. A terceira forma foi chamada de Coordenação do Fluxo de Conhecimento, pois seguiu uma sequência de interações inter-unidades e intra-unidades, usando interações informais para reunir as informações e as interações inter-unidades verticais formais para divulgar a informação. Além disso, as empresas adotaram uma nova abordagem, única para suas atividades inovadoras, atribuindo uma pessoa designada para reportar as atividades aos altos gerentes em uma interação formal, mas coletando informações com o uso de ferramentas para interações informais. A dinâmica das interações teve mudanças relevantes nas empresas analisadas. O compartilhamento de conhecimento sempre deve ser promovido, mas sem destruir o foco na inovação. No entanto, se é mais proveitoso formalizar as interações para o trabalho de ideação ou tentar usar interações informais de maneira mais sutil é uma questão que cada empresa deve responder. Esperamos que o nosso estudo forneça insights importantes sobre a inovação nas empresas. A definição das tipologias de interações foi um primeiro passo e mostrar a coordenação intra-firma, em um desenvolvimento de inovação, pode ajudar as empresas a entender o poder que as interações têm para gerenciar os processos de compartilhamento de conhecimento.Innovation is recognized as the process of renovation of the company, ensuring its survival and success. Although, to combine and recombine all these aspects is not an easy task. In an ideal and utopic world, a firm would be composed by workers with equal and complete knowledge about all the operations, methods, processes and techniques enrolled in the firm’s activities. To the intra-firm perspective, Paruchuri (2010) argues that a firm that can improve the diffusion of knowledge internally will enhance its innovative activity. Aalbers (2015), reflecting on the governance of knowledge sharing inside organizations, suggests that knowledge may be difficult to transfer because of the boundaries dynamics. Due to this dynamic, innovation centered, it is important to create new ways of analyzing and developing the firm’s activities, aiming to enhance its performance and to better understand solution enablers for the new challenges to come. Therefore, the research question emerges: How can firms manage intra-firm interactions to enhance the innovative activities? To answer this question, we designed and performed a qualitative study with 8 HIFs (Highly Innovative Firms), 4 located in Brazil and 4 located in France. We used the dimensions of interactions and brokerage roles adapted from Aalbers (2015), Tsang (2015) and Indarti (2010) to develop a semi-structured instrument for the interviews. We analyzed the interactions during a project of product development in each firm, and the interactions were classified according to: Hierarchy (Horizontal or Vertical); Reach (Unit or Cross-unit); Type (Formal or Informal) and we used Intensity (Frequency) as the base for the analysis. Our results of the firms’ intra-firm coordination for innovative processes showed us three different forms of intra-firm coordination and one specific mechanism for the intra-firm coordination. We hope that this thesis can provide insights to the innovation studies, defining the interactions was a first step and showcasing the intra-firm coordination, at a product development, might help the firms to understand the power that the interactions have to manage the knowledge sharing processes.
13
Jano, Pilar Alejandra. "Quality Incentives and the Development of High-value Agrifood Markets: Ecuador's Cacao Marketing Chain." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33483.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores constraints to the development of markets for high quality cacao in Ecuador. It focuses on the role of market level constraints, particularly the transmission of quality incentives along the marketing chain and their effects on farmersâ incentives to invest in quality production. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the problem, demonstrating that Ecuadorian farmers are not responding to international incentives to produce high quality cacao, and outlines the objectives, hypotheses, and structure of the thesis. Chapter 2 provides background to the market, detailing Ecuadorâ s role in world commodity and high-value cacao markets and gives a detailed description of the cacao market in Ecuador. Chapter 3 uses a subsector analysis to develop and test hypotheses that specific market level constraints, such as transaction costs, market power, and institutional constraints, impede the transmission of incentives to produce quality to farmers. The subsector analysis failed to support the hypotheses that intermediaries are able to exert market power but found that transaction costs and weak institutions presented significant constraints to the transmission of quality incentives. Chapter 4 examines the determinants of farmersâ market channel choice and the prices that they receive. In addition to determinants that are commonly found in the literature, such as the characteristics of the transaction and farmerâ s characteristics, hypotheses testing of quality incentives makes a unique contribution. Analysis of survey data of Ecuadorian farmers found minimal transmission of quality incentives to farmersâ only the cultivar Nacional as a quality indicator was found to affect the farmersâ market channel choice out of six indicators selected to represent quality. The quality indicators selected were pre- and post-harvest practices, variety, having received technical assistance, credit, belonging to a cacao association, and discounts at sale by the buyer. Also, pre- and post-harvest practices, having received credit, and belonging to a cacao association out of similar quality indicators were found to affect the price paid to the farmer. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the main points discovered through the research, discusses policy implications, and proposes further research needs.Master of Science
14
Wight, Robert. "Community Supported Agriculture as Public Education: Networked Communities of Practice Building Alternative Agrifood Systems." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427798047.
Full text
15
ADAMASHVILI, NINO. "Big data analytics tools for improving the decision-making process in agrifood supply chain." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/11369/425167.
Full textAbstract:
Introduzione: Nell'interesse di garantire una sicurezza alimentare a lungo termine di fronte a circostanze mutevoli, è necessario comprendere e considerare gli aspetti ambientali, sociali ed economici del processo di produzione. Inoltre, a causa della globalizzazione, sono stati sollevati i problemi delle lunghe filiere agroalimentari, l'asimmetria informativa, la contraffazione, la difficoltà di tracciare e rintracciare l'origine dei prodotti e le numerose questioni correlate quali il benessere dei consumatori e i costi sanitari. Le tecnologie emergenti guidano verso il raggiungimento di nuovi approcci socioeconomici in quanto consentono al governo e ai singoli produttori agricoli di raccogliere ed analizzare una quantità sempre crescente di dati ambientali, agronomici, logistici e danno la possibilità ai consumatori ed alle autorità di controllo della qualità di accedere a tutte le informazioni necessarie in breve tempo e facilmente.
Obiettivo: L'oggetto della ricerca riguarda lo studio delle modalità di miglioramento del processo produttivo attraverso la riduzione dell'asimmetria informativa, rendendola disponibile alle parti interessate in un tempo ragionevole, analizzando i dati sui processi produttivi, considerando l'impatto ambientale della produzione in termini di ecologia, economia, sicurezza alimentare e qualità di cibo, costruendo delle opportunità per le parti interessate nel prendere decisioni informate, oltre che semplificare il controllo della qualità, della contraffazione e delle frodi. Pertanto, l'obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di studiare le attuali catene di approvvigionamento, identificare le loro debolezze e necessità, analizzare le tecnologie emergenti, le loro caratteristiche e gli impatti sulle catene di approvvigionamento e fornire utili raccomandazioni all'industria, ai governi e ai policy maker.Introduction: In the interest of ensuring long-term food security and safety in the face of changing circumstances, it is interesting and necessary to understand and to take into consideration the environmental, social and economic aspects of food and beverage production in relation to the consumers’ demand. Besides, due to the globalization, the problems of long supply chains, information asymmetry, counterfeiting, difficulty for tracing and tracking back the origin of the products and numerous related issues have been raised such as consumers’ well-being and healthcare costs. Emerging technologies drive to achieve new socio-economic approaches as they enable government and individual agricultural producers to collect and analyze an ever-increasing amount of environmental, agronomic, logistic data, and they give the possibility to the consumers and quality control authorities to get access to all necessary information in a short notice and easily. Aim: The object of the research essentially concerns the study of the ways for improving the production process through reducing the information asymmetry, making it available for interested parties in a reasonable time, analyzing the data about production processes considering the environmental impact of production in terms of ecology, economy, food safety and food quality and build the opportunity for stakeholders to make informed decisions, as well as simplifying the control of the quality, counterfeiting and fraud. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study current supply chains, to identify their weaknesses and necessities, to investigate the emerging technologies, their characteristics and the impacts on supply chains, and to provide with the useful recommendations the industry, governments and policymakers.
16
Shaw, Amanda. "Divergent economies of agriculture in Hawaiʻi : intersecting inequalities and the social relations of agrifood work." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3733/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyses agrifood work in Hawaiʻi from an intersectional, gendered perspective. It examines the intersecting social relations of production, investigating how different agrifood practices address, if at all, intersecting social inequalities. It asks, how do agroecological ‘alternatives’ address intersecting inequalities, if at all, in their work? Do forms of ʻalternative agriculture’ offer more ‘gender-inclusive’ forms of work when intersecting inequalities are considered? The research sought to address these questions by analysing three case studies which can be said to represent ‘outliers’ compared to the majority of Hawaiʻi’s agrifood production. It examines particular cases of small and collective agroecological growing practices, as well as examples of transnational seed production. The thesis utilised methods of participant observation, interviews and document analysis in order to understand how different how agrifood work is organised and how different participants in these practices make meaning of their work. It drew on analytical frameworks from agrifood studies of labour and justice and intersectional feminist and anti-imperialist political economic and ecological theorising. The research found that within the cases, agrifood practices are characterised by their diversity, and sought to draw out what I argue are nevertheless important tendencies within them. This entailed analysing the tensions, contradictions and possibilities these cases presented for addressing intersecting inequalities in their work. I showed that, in some ways, agroindustrial seed production offers more formal ʻgender-inclusive’ benefits but that agroecological practices create spaces to challenge gendered-norms on an individual and collective basis. At the same time, I suggested that projects for the recognition and inclusion of women and women’s work are highly limited when they fail to account for the ways gendered inequalities intersect with other differences of class and race, for example. At the same time, I argued that efforts to address intersecting gendered inequalities within agrifood work must attend to these contradictions, failures and possibilities and that doing so is not only revealing of some of the wider logics shaping agrarian ideals and agrifood practices, but potentially of how gendered colonialities operate.
17
BUCCI, GIORGIA. "Understanding the phenomenon of Digital Transformation in the Agrifood sector: Drivers, Actors, Benefits and Costs." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/289670.
Full textAbstract:
L'obiettivo della tesi è quello di investigare i principali benefici, drivers e attori della Trasformazione Digitale nel settore dell'Agri-food. Questo fenomeno gioca un ruolo criciale nell'Agribusiness, dal momento che porta ad una produzione agricola, più produttiva, sostenibile dal punto di vista economico, ambientale e sociale. Lo studio si è focalizzato sulla potenziale applicazione delle tecnologie di agricoltura di precisione tra gli imprenditori agricoli italiani. La ricerca è stata suddivisa in otto capitoli volti ad indagare quattro questioni principali: (1) fattori che influenzano l'intenzione di adottare Tecnologia di Agricoltura di Precisione PAT; (2) Sostenibilità degli investimenti in tali tecnologie, (3) Ruolo dell'agricoltore come attore del processo di innovazione all'interno dell' azienda agricola e (4) Ruolo del fornitore di tecnologia nel processo di adozione.
La metodologia proposta è originale perché prevede la combinazione di approcci quantitativi e qualitativi nella raccolta dei dati. Di conseguenza, questo lavoro mostra come (i) l'adozione delle Tecnologie di Agricoltura di Precisione in Italia dipendano ancora dalle caratteristiche socio-economiche dell'azienda agricola; (ii) l'uso della Tecnologie di Agricoltura di Precisione potrebbe aumentare la redditività dell'azienda agricola migliorando la resa, riducendo i costi variabili e ottimizzando; (iv) una stretta collaborazione tra fornitori di tecnologia e imprenditori agricoli potrebbe portare a un'introduzione di successo di una tecnologia.This work aims to understand the main benefits, drivers and actors of Digital Transformation in the Agrifood sector. This phenomenon plays a crucial role for agribusiness, especially in leading to a more productive, sustainable, and environmentally responsible food production. The study focused on the potential application of Precision Agriculture Technologies (PATs) among Italian farm managers. This research has been divided into eight research projects aiming to investigate four major issues: (1) factors affecting the intention to adopt PATs; (2) sustainability of the investments in those technologies, (3) the role of the farmer as a Manager in the farm's innovation process, and (4) the role of the provider in the technology adoption process. The proposed methodology is original because it accounts for the data acquisition process of the combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. As results, this work shows how (i) the adoption of PATs in Italy still depends on the socio-economic characteristics of the farm; (ii) the use of precision farming technology could enhance the profitability of the farm by improving the farm yield, reducing variables cost and improving the farm management; (iii) how the managerial capabilities of the farmer are fundamental to uptake the process of digital transformation; (iv) a strict collaboration between technology providers and farmers could lead to a successful introduction of a technology.
18
GHEZZI, DANIELE MARIA. "STRATEGIC NETWORKS AND FOREIGN EXPANSION: THE CASE OF ITALIAN AGRIFOOD SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/776.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi analizza le strategie di internazionalizzazione delle imprese agroalimentari di piccole e medie dimensioni, con particolare riferimento al caso italiano. In particolare, vengono prese in esame diverse forme di alleanze strategiche interorganizzative che tali imprese possono adottare per incrementare l'espansione internazionale e l'ingresso in nuovi mercati. A questo proposito, la tesi è essenzialmente articolata in due studi, uno riguardante il lato "a monte" della catena del valore (ossia il mercato di fornitura), e l'altro il versante "a valle", ossia il mercato del cliente finale.The thesis analyzes agrifood SMEs internationalization strategies, with specific reference to the Italian case. In particular, the study focuses on the different forms of interorganizational strategic networks to foster geographic expansion and foreign market entry. Regarding this matter, moreover, the thesis is basically articulated in two studies, one concerning the upstream side of the value creation system (i.e. the supply market), while the other the downstream side (i.e. customer market).
19
GHEZZI, DANIELE MARIA. "STRATEGIC NETWORKS AND FOREIGN EXPANSION: THE CASE OF ITALIAN AGRIFOOD SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/776.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi analizza le strategie di internazionalizzazione delle imprese agroalimentari di piccole e medie dimensioni, con particolare riferimento al caso italiano. In particolare, vengono prese in esame diverse forme di alleanze strategiche interorganizzative che tali imprese possono adottare per incrementare l'espansione internazionale e l'ingresso in nuovi mercati. A questo proposito, la tesi è essenzialmente articolata in due studi, uno riguardante il lato "a monte" della catena del valore (ossia il mercato di fornitura), e l'altro il versante "a valle", ossia il mercato del cliente finale.The thesis analyzes agrifood SMEs internationalization strategies, with specific reference to the Italian case. In particular, the study focuses on the different forms of interorganizational strategic networks to foster geographic expansion and foreign market entry. Regarding this matter, moreover, the thesis is basically articulated in two studies, one concerning the upstream side of the value creation system (i.e. the supply market), while the other the downstream side (i.e. customer market).
20
Gallesio, Lorenza <1996>. "Italian Wine in Chinese market Digital Commerce of Made in Italy agrifood products in China." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17632.
Full textAbstract:
The main object of this thesis is the study and the analysis of the digital commerce of the Made in Italy agri-food products, since they are one of the most important symbols of the tradition of the Italian style and Made in Italy all over the world.
The Italian Wine is well known in almost every part the world, for its long history, quality and taste. Many people come to Italy every year to visit wineries and the “food and wine” tourism is developing very quickly.
First of all, the thesis gives a general overview of the Italian agri-food products in the Chinese market, underlining the strengths and weaknesses that the food and beverage industry faces in such a distant country (both in term of geographical and cultural distance).
In the second chapter I would like to better analyze one of the most exported Italian product in China, that is to say the wine, with particular attention to the Italian red wine. This part of the thesis is going to be a summary of the main characteristics of the wine. I will try to show the importance and quality of the Italian wine, focusing for example on the denomination of origin and certification, the history and the development of the Italian wine in China.
The third chapter explains the differences in the behavior of Italian and Chinese consumers in the approach of the wine and alcohol market. It also takes into consideration the development of the market in the Chinese context presents some difficulties since China can still be defined as a non-acquainted market, that is to say that consumers do not perfectly recognize the quality of the products and this is a reason why small and medium enterprises find difficult to enter the market and they are obliged to follow big multinational companies.
In my analysis I would like to concentrate my attention on the tools that both Italy and China offer to SMEs in order to facilitate the penetration of the market. Obviously, in this field, Alibaba Group play a fundamental role but there are also other digital realities that the Italian companies can experience to be successful in China.
21
Cacco, Riccardo <1996>. "Agrifood 4.0 in Veneto: la digitalizzazione del settore agroalimentare come driver per lo sviluppo sostenibile." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20831.
Full textAbstract:
Questo lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare lo stato della digitalizzazione nel settore agroalimentare e il livello di avanzamento delle politiche di sviluppo sostenibile. Si pone inoltre l’obiettivo di spiegare come la digitalizzazione possa fungere da driver per la sostenibilità nel suddetto settore. Dopo aver analizzato nel primo capitolo il quadro di riferimento, fornendo numeri e dati relativi ai temi analizzati, si andrà ad effettuare uno studio, basato sulla letteratura scientifica, allo scopo di spiegare come la digitalizzazione impatta e contribuisce alla sostenibilità, specialmente per quanto riguarda il settore agricolo. Si analizzeranno inoltre le sfide ed i rischi che la digitalizzazione pone in termini di adozione e di utilizzo delle tecnologie, comprese le politiche che le istituzioni dovrebbero adottare per favorire uno sviluppo sostenibile delle stesse. Sebbene la letteratura sia scarsa in materia, si darà spazio a livello teorico anche all’eCommerce e ai social media. Infine, nel terzo capitolo, verrà data evidenza empirica a quanto detto nei precedenti capitoli, focalizzando l’attenzione in un campione di aziende venete relative al settore dei prodotti da forno e farinacei (codice ATECO 10.7), con particolare riferimento ai temi del commercio elettronico, dei social media e della sostenibilità, confermando come il comparto agroalimentare sia ancora in una fase embrionale nell’adozione della digitalizzazione e delle politiche di sviluppo sostenibile, sebbene esistano diverse realtà all’avanguardia e virtuose in questo senso. Date le dinamiche di sviluppo presenti e future, risulta necessario accelerare in questa direzione, visti anche gli obiettivi posti dalle istituzioni e dall’ONU nell’agenda 2030.
22
Goss, Jasper. "Fields of inequality: the waning of national developmentalism and the political economy of agribusiness in Siam: case studies of development and restructuring in Thailand's agri-food sector." Thesis, Griffith University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366819.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the political and social dynamics of agribusiness in Thailand. Over the last twenty years agribusiness firms grew in scope and activity as Thailand became the major agricultural exporting country of Southeast Asia. The context of this process is explored in terms of national developmentalism, the political economy of agri-food restructuring and history. The thesis analyses two sectors (dairy and shrimp) which demonstrated substantial productive increases and were accompanied with a high level of agribusiness activity. The experiences of these sectors are compared and contrasted to determine the degree to which they characterise historic moments of capitalist restructuring and development.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Science
Full Text
23
PATELLI, Niccolò. "Tracciabilità digitale basata sulla blockchain della filiera agroalimentare: percezione dei consumatori e analisi di un caso studio." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1276568.
Full textAbstract:
Food safety e food security sono aspetti cruciali in un mercato globale in costante crescita e cambiamento. Il primo fa riferimento alla prevenzione di malattie di origine alimentare, il secondo indica la sicurezza per un consumatore di comprare un prodotto specifico e non uno contraffatto. Una tracciabilità migliorata, basata su sistemi blockchain, può aiutare a prevenire i problemi riguardanti la sicurezza alimentare. La blockchain è un database distribuito, cioè un sistema in cui ogni partecipante possiede una copia dello stesso database posseduta dagli altri dove ogni modifica in una copia viene automaticamente apportata alle altre. Garantisce decentralizzazione, trasparenza, immutabilità e tracciabilità. Come si evince dai numerosi progetti sviluppati e applicati, è un sistema perfetto per la tracciabilità della filiera alimentare.
Una migliore tracciabilità può essere utile anche a livello di mercato. Ad esempio, l’italian sounding è la pratica di utilizzare parole, colori (come la bandiera italiana) e nomi italiani, a prescindere dal paese di origine e del metodo di produzione, a scopo promozionale. Colpisce molti settori, ma quello più danneggiato è quello agroalimentare.
Questa ricerca è mirata allo studio delle applicazioni della blockchain alla tracciabilità della filiera agrifood, al suo impatto e alla sua percezione. L’uso di questi sistemi ha molti vantaggi, ma ha anche svantaggi: i produttori devono accettare di mostrare più trasparenza, il costo dei prodotti tracciati potrebbe aumentare (per via dei considerevoli costi di progettazione e manutenzione di questi sistemi) e la profilazione dei consumatori è un tema che va approfondito.
Per valutare l’interesse dei consumatori italiani verso l’utilizzo della tracciabilità digitale per il cibo, è stato svolto un sondaggio su 500 utenti. Le domande poste riguardano il loro interesse e la loro conoscenza verso la tracciabilità, la blockchain, preferenze di acquisto, suggerimenti su quali categorie di prodotti (carne, pesce, ecc.) necessitano una migliore tracciabilità. Infine, è stato valutato quale sia l’aumento di costo accettabile per prodotti dotati di tracciabilità digitale. I risultati mostrano che in media gli intervistati sono interessati alla tracciabilità del cibo, conoscono o hanno sentito nominare la blockchain, desiderano conoscere principalmente l’origine di carne, pesce e latticini, preferirebbero comprare un prodotto provvisto di tracciabilità digitale rispetto a un concorrente sprovvisto e l’aumento di costo accettabile per un prodotto tracciato con la blockchain è tra 10% e 15%.
Per completare la ricerca, è stato sviluppato un progetto in collaborazione con la startup innovativa Franceschi srl, che comprende Saporare e S|Trace. Saporare è un e-commerce di cibo e bevande della tradizionale italiana (aceto balsamico, miele, olio di oliva, vino), provenienti da piccoli e medi produttori, dove ogni prodotto ha una dichiarazione di origine. I prodotti venduti saranno tracciati con S|Trace, una piattaforma proprietaria di tracciabilità digitale basata sulla blockchain, provvista di una web-app per il caricamento dati, disegnata per essere facilmente fruibile. Saporare si pone come parte terza nella filiera, certificando l’origine e la sicurezza dei prodotti, senza sostituirsi a disciplinari di produzione o enti di controllo: è il caso studio perfetto per studiare l’applicazione della blockchain alla filiera agroalimentare.
Infine, considerando sia i costi che la complessità della blockchain, è stato sviluppato un diagramma di flusso per facilitare la scelta della giusta tecnologia da utilizzare. In particolare, questo diagramma può aiutare a definire quale tipo di blockchain è migliore per ciascuna filiera e quando la blockchain può avere maggiore efficacia.Food safety and food security are crucial aspects in the growing and constantly changing food market. The first definition refers to hygiene and foodborne diseases prevention, the second refers to the security for a consumer to by a specific product and not a counterfeit. An improved traceability, based on blockchain systems, may help to prevent food safety and food security issues. Blockchain belongs to the distributed ledgers, a type of database in which each participant owns a copy of the same data and every change in a copy is automatically reflected on the other copies. It is designed to guarantee decentralization, transparency, immutability and traceability. As shown by a relevant number of projects that has been developed and applied, it suits to the food supply chain traceability. An improved traceability based on blockchain can also be useful at the market level. For instance, Italian sounding is the practice to use Italian words, colours (such as the Italian flag colours) and names to give an Italian appearance to a product, irrespective of its country of origin and its production method, to promote it. It affects different sectors, but the food sector is the most damaged. The present research is focused on the application of the blockchain to the traceability of the food supply chain, its impacts and its perception. Indeed, the application of these systems may have several advantages, but also negative impacts: the producers must accept to show transparency to the consumers, it may lead to a price increase (as the design and maintenance of a digital traceability systems have a considerable cost) and consumer profiling is an aspect that must be properly discussed. To assess if the Italian consumers may be interested in the use of blockchain traceability for food, a survey has been performed on 500 users. The asked questions concern their interest and knowledge towards traceability, blockchain technology, shopping preferences, the suggestion of food categories (e.g. meat, fish and others) currently requiring an improved traceability. Lastly, the willingness to spend more to buy food provided with digital traceability was evaluated. The results revealed that respondents are generally interested in food traceability, they usually know what blockchain and digital traceability are, they buy food mainly at supermarkets, they are interested in knowing the origin of the food mainly for meat, fish and dairy, they would rather buy a product provided with digital traceability system instead of an unprovided competitor and they consider acceptable a 10-15% cost increase for a digitally traced product. To complete the research, a concrete project/case study has been completely developed in collaboration with the innovative startup Franceschi srl, composed by Saporare and S|Trace. Saporare is an online shop of traditional Italian food and beverages (e.g. balsamic vinegar, honey, olive oil, wine) of small and medium sized producers and each product has a declaration of origin. The products will be traced with S|Trace, a blockchain-based traceability system provided with a web app for data upload, designed to ease the operation for the producers. Saporare acts as the third part in the supply chain, certifying the origin and the security of the products, but without substituting production disciplinaries or food control agencies: this makes the perfect use-case to study the application of the blockchain to the food supply chain. Lastly, considering both costs and complexity of the blockchain, a pipeline facilitating the choice of the right technology has been developed. In particular, the developed pipeline may help to define which type of blockchain could be useful for each food supply chain and when a blockchain could be really effective.
24
Marsol, i. Vall Alexis. "Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of metabolomic compounds in agrifood products. New methods and applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403491.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta Tesi Doctoral se centra en el desenvolupament de nous mètodes de cromatografia de gasos acoblada a tècniques d'espectrometria de masses (GC-MS) i a l'aplicació d'alguns mètodes ja existents a l'anàlisi de mostres de fruites i derivats. La tesi es divideix en tres parts segons els enfocaments estudiats.
Inicialment, es va desenvolupar un mètode de cromatografia de gasos bidimensional comprensiva (GC×GC-MS) en la qual es van provar diverses configuracions de columnes. A la segona part de la Tesi, es van desenvolupar tres nous mètodes basats en la derivatització al port d'injecció. La primera va consistir en l’anàlisi selectiu de 17 polifenols glicosilats i no glicosilats en mostres de fruita i suc de fruita. El segon mètode es va destinar a l'anàlisi de HMF i patulina, dos compostos utilitzats com a marcadors de qualitat en la indústria dels sucs de fruites. L'últim mètode desenvolupat en aquesta part es va centrar en la fracció lipofílica lliure de sucs de fruita. En aquest cas, una microextracció líquid-líquid dispersiva (DLLME) va precedir a la derivatització en el port. La tercera part es va centrar en l'anàlisi dels compostos volàtils i semi-volàtils de diversos derivats de la fruita, a saber, fibres de fruita derivades de la indústria dels sucs i quatre mostres de sucs de préssec consistents en dues varietats (groc i vermell) i dos procediments d'elaboració per a cada varietat (recentment liquat i comercial).This Doctoral Thesis focuses on the development of novel gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques and the application of some existing methods to the analysis of fruit and fruit-derived samples. The thesis is divided in three parts attending the approaches studied. Initially, a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-MS) method was developed by testing several column configurations to analyse apples and peaches. In the second part of the Thesis, three new methods based on injection-port derivatization were developed. The first consisted on a targeted analysis of 17 glycosylated and non-glycosylated polyphenols in fruit and fruit juice samples. The second method was devoted to the analysis of HMF and patulin, two compounds used as markers of quality in the fruit juice industry. The last method developed in this part was focused on the free lipophilic fraction of fruit juices. In this case, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) preceded in-port derivatization. The third part was devoted to the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds in several fruit-derived products, namely fruit fibres deriving from the juice industry and four samples of peach juices consisting in two varieties (yellow and red-fleshed) and two distinct processing procedures for each variety (freshly blended and commercial).
Esta Tesis Doctoral se centra en el desarrollo de nuevos métodos de cromatografía de gases acoplada a técnicas de espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) y a la aplicación de algunos métodos existentes al análisis de muestras de frutas y derivados. La tesis se divide en tres partes según los enfoques estudiados. Inicialmente, se desarrolló un método de cromatografía de gases bidimensional comprensiva (GC×GC-MS) en la que se probaron varias configuraciones de columnas. En la segunda parte de la Tesis, se desarrollaron tres nuevos métodos basados en la derivatización en el puerto de inyección. La primera consistió en un análisis selectivo de 17 polifenoles glicosilados y no glicosilados en muestras de fruta y zumo de fruta. El segundo método se dedicó al análisis de HMF y patulina, dos compuestos utilizados como marcadores de calidad en la industria del zumo de frutas. El último método desarrollado en esta parte se centró en la fracción lipofílica libre de zumos de fruta. En este caso, una microextracción líquido-líquido dispersiva (DLLME) precedió a la derivatización en el puerto. La tercera parte se dedicó al análisis de los compuestos volátiles y semi-volátiles de varios derivados de la fruta, a saber, fibras de fruta derivadas de la industria de los zumos y cuatro muestras de zumos de melocotón consistentes en dos variedades (amarillo y rojo) y dos procedimientos de elaboración para cada variedad (recién licuado y comercial).
25
Beach, Sarah S. "And vegetables for all: urban and civic agriculture in Kansas City and visions for the U.S. agrifood system." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16699.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
László J. Kulcsár
In the United States, many are critical of agricultural policies and economic incentives that support large-scale food production and the dominant actors in the mainstream agrifood system. Critics point out that at the same time agribusinesses and very large-scale farmers receive support, there are those in poverty who struggle to meet their food needs. Critics question what that relationship should be between civil society and the agrifood system. A variety of activities are addressing concerns of social injustices in the system. For example, participation is increasing in civic and urban agriculture. Civic agriculture is the interrelated activities of small-scale, socially and environmentally sound practices of food production and consumption that aim to increase community sustainability. Urban agriculture is food production in and near cities. By focusing on Kansas and the Kansas City metropolitan area, this dissertation addresses the following questions: How do the relations between civil society and the U.S. agrifood system impact the level of fairness in the system? To what extent are urban agricultural activities fostering fairness in the agrifood system, including access to fresh foods, civic engagement, and fulfilling careers, while also benefiting the environmental health of the city? Survey and interview data collected by a research team on agriculture in Kansas sets the context for my examination of urban agriculture in Kansas City’s urban core. In addition to participant observations and primary and secondary data analysis, I conducted 38 semi-structured interviews with growers (27), food advocates (4), community organizers (4), and governmental employees (3). In Kansas City, many of the activities and programs in place are building community, strengthening civil society, and promoting food justice for the poor and for people of color, for example, in food deserts, which are locales where people particularly face challenges in meeting their food needs. While some participants are more focused on their immediate communities and less so on overt widespread change, others feel a part of a social movement aiming to change the agrifood system. Diverse people from various social classes and races are increasingly becoming involved in growing food and food advocacy to expand fairness in the system.
26
MALETTI, LAURA. "Strategie di recupero valorizzativo per la sostenibilità in ambito agrifood e metodologie di caratterizzazione dei prodotti da bioraffineria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278301.
Full textAbstract:
Questo lavoro di ricerca si pone obiettivi che coniugano i principi di economia circolare, bioeconomia e sostenibilità in ambito agrifood, per individuare percorsi di recupero valorizzativo di scarti agroindustriali mediante un approccio tipico delle applicazioni di bioraffineria.
Il focus principale è dedicato alle grandi produzioni massive di Cucurbitaceae, con particolare riferimento alle cultivar di Citrullus Lanatus (cocomero) e Cucumis Melo (melone), poiché il comparto agroalimentare rappresentato da queste colture primarie genera immense quantità di materiali di scarto lungo tutta la filiera ‘from farm to fork’.
L’idea cardine del progetto di dottorato consiste nella possibilità di estendere la catena del valore, che attualmente sembra interrompersi con l’abbandono in pieno campo dei prodotti di scarto, o di quelli genericamente devalorizzati per non conformità morfologica, per sovraproduzione o sovramaturazione, ripristinandone la continuità mediante trasformazioni dei cascami recuperati.
Le sfide dell’innovazione tecnologica di prodotto e di processo per l’agroalimentare, consentirebbero di utilizzare questi materiali per trasformazioni in ogni direzione, comunque tutte orientate secondo i target di programma dell’Agenda 2030. Pur riconoscendo la valenza strategica dell’intero contesto di cambiamento identificato dal programma ONU, abbiamo scelto di cogliere alcune delle maggiori sfide per convertirle in grandi opportunità operando sempre lungo le direttrici di contesto food&feed, trascurando gli aspetti direttamente connessi col recupero energetico da biomasse residuali e la valorizzazione mediante processi di compostaggio.
Pertanto, mediante efficace frazionamento a partire dalle matrici selezionate, è stato possibile ricavare:
● fibre alimentari di origine cellulosica, sia naturali tal quali, sia sbiancate per trattamenti con H2O2, fibre rosse ad alto contenuto di licopene;
● licopene da fibre rosse, ed altri pigmenti-coloranti naturali da altre frazioni e sottoprodotti da esocarpo;
● olio da germoplasma dei semi di Citrullus, e
● farina amido-proteica residuale post-estrazione dell’olio dai semi medesimi;
● prodotti di acetificazione del succo zuccherino estratto dall’endocarpo del cocomero;
● prodotti della canditura a partire dalla frazione mesocarpo (albedo) del cocomero.
Per la caratterizzazione estesa delle diverse frazioni, abbiamo applicato una varietà di tecniche strumentali, metodologie analitiche e chimico-fisiche, compresa la preparativa adeguata dei campioni, che si possono così riassumere:
spettroscopia UV-Vis sia su campioni in stato solido che in soluzione, anche per la valutazione del punto colore con metodo CIELab;
tecniche cromatografiche GC-MS, SPME-GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS;
analisi elementare (CHNS);
metodi termici di analisi (TG/DTG/DTA/DSC);
Water Holding Capacity (WHC);
analisi ICP-OES per la valutazione del contenuto di metalli;
analisi morfologica con tecniche di superficie (SEM).
A chiusura delle attività di dottorato, possiamo rivolgere uno sguardo critico ai target conseguiti. Estendere la catena del valore ai materiali di scarto può consentire di acquisire competitività per il sistema agrifood, ma solo a fronte di sforzi adeguati per investimenti in ricerca ed innovazione.
L’analisi riportata descrive alcune caratteristiche strutturali di un comparto produttivo che, in ambito regionale e nazionale, è correlato alle performance del sistema agroalimentare sovradimensionato, poiché tende a sprecare risorse pre-waste ancora facilmente recuperabili. Proiettare questi risultati, che esprimono potenzialità competitive, in un orizzonte produttivo grintoso e di consumo ragionato, potrà garantire anche solo un piccolo contributo fattivo alla sostenibilità alimentare globale.This research work sets objectives that combine the principles of circular economy, bioeconomy and sustainability in the agrifood field, to identify strategies for the enhancement of agro-industrial waste through a typical approach of biorefinery applications The main focus is dedicated to the large productions of Cucurbitaceae, with particular reference to the cultivars of Citrullus Lanatus (watermelon) and Cucumis Melo (melon), since the agri-food sector represented by these primary crops generates huge quantities of waste materials along the entire supply chain “from farm to fork”. The key idea of the PhD project consists in the possibility of extending the value chain, which currently seems to be interrupted with the abandonment of waste products in the open field, or those generically devalued due to morphological non-compliance, for over-production or over-ripening, restoring its continuity through the transformation of recovered material. The challenges of product and process technological innovation for the agrifood sector, would allow the use of these materials for transformations in any direction, anyhow all oriented according to the program targets of the 2030 Agenda. While recognizing the strategic value of the whole context of change identified by the ONU program, we have chosen to seize some of the major challenges to turn them into great opportunities, always operating along the guidelines of the food&feed context, neglecting the aspects directly related to energy recovery from residual biomass and the enhancement through composting processes. Therefore, through effective fractionation steps starting from the selected matrices, it was possible to obtain: ● dietary fibers of cellulosic origin, either natural “as it is”, or bleached through treatments with H2O2, red fibers with a high lycopene content; ● lycopene from red fibers, and other natural pigments-dyes from other fractions and by-products from the exocarp; ● germplasm oil from Citrullus seeds, and ● proteic-starchy flour (residue of the oil extraction) from the kernel of the same seeds; ● acetification products of the sugary juice extracted from the endocarp of the watermelon; ● candying products starting from the watermelon mesocarp (albedo). For the extended characterization of the different fractions, we have applied several instrumental techniques, analytical and chemical-physical methodologies, including the proper preparation of the samples, which can be summarized as follows: UV-Vis spectroscopy both on samples in solid state and in solution, also for the evaluation of the color point with the CIELab method; chromatographic techniques GC-MS, SPME-GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS; elemental analysis (CHNS); thermal analysis (TG/DTG/DTA/DSC); Water Holding Capacity (WHC); ICP-OES analysis for the evaluation of the metal content; morphological analysis using surface techniques (SEM). At the end of the PhD activities, we can take a critical look at the targets achieved. Extending the value chain to waste materials can make it possible to acquire competitiveness for the agrifood system, but only if adequate efforts are made for investments in research and innovation. The reported analysis describes some structural features of a production sector that, at a regional and national level, is related to the performance of an oversized agrifood system, since it tends to reject pre-waste resources that are still easily recoverable. Projecting these results, which express competitive potential, in a gritty productive horizon and of reasoned consumption, can guarantee even only a small effective contribution to global food sustainability.
27
Mendonça, Maria Alice Fernandes Corrêa. "Sistemas agroalimentares e sustentabilidade : sistemas de certificação da produção orgânica no Sul do Brasil e na Holanda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132925.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese analisa a sustentabilidade de sistemas agroalimentares, a partir de uma articulação entre os estudos sobre produção de base ecológica e desenvolvimento rural, às pesquisas sobre sistemas agroalimentares e as transições sociotécnicas para a sustentabilidade. Como campo empírico comparou-se dois sistemas certificatórios para a produção orgânica: a) o Sistema Participativo do governo federal brasileiro recentemente implementado (2011), que garante o direito à certificação da produção através da organização social participativa. Estudaram-se duas experiências que estão sendo desenvolvidas no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; e b) o sistema holandês para implementação do EU Organic Logo que corresponde a um sistema de terceira parte sob a fiscalização exclusiva da empresa holandesa Skal Biocontrole. Estudou-se a experiência dos gardeners, produtores ecológicos em pequena escala. Analisou-se 1) às semelhanças e diferenças na organização da produção orgânica e de base ecológica em cada país e; 2) às dinâmicas e interações organizacionais entre os atores diversos envolvidos com os sistemas certificatórios em experiências localizadas. Os resultados revelaram o comprometimento desses atores com à construção da sustentabilidade agroalimentar em suas múltiplas dimensões: diversidade produtiva; saúde; construção de mercados justos; direito e acesso à terra e água; e soberania alimentar; revelam ainda que os agricultores familiares e produtores orgânicos em pequena escala produtiva, nos dois países, se comprometem com os sistemas certificatórios por razões diversas, não só por uma questão de mercados. Os sistemas participativos de certificação orgânica regulamentados no Brasil contribuem para o reconhecimento da produção em pequena escala e para a governabilidade mais democrática dos circuitos de produção, processamento, distribuição e consumo. Já na Holanda, há pouco benefício dos sistemas certificatórios de terceira parte para os produtores de base ecológica em pequena escala, e há certo abandono da certificação por parte desses produtores. Por fim, conclui-se que a sustentabilidade agroalimentar é construída através prática localizada, e que, no Brasil e na Holanda, os sistemas certificatórios somente contribuem para a sustentabilidade agroalimentar, na medida em que possibilitam aos produtores em pequena escala e agricultores familiares realizem suas práticas e projetos através de um processo de governabilidade multinível dos sistemas agroalimentares.This thesis fits on studies about sustainability of agrifood systems. It results from an academic effort to associate studies of ecologically based production and rural development, to the research on agrifood systems and the socio-technical transitions towards sustainability. The empirical research relies on two certification systems for organic production: a) the Participatory System recently implemented Brazilian federal government (2011) guarantees the right to certification of production through participatory social organization - data collected from two experiences in Southern of Brazil; and b) the Dutch system for implementation of the EU Organic Logo: corresponds to a third party system under the sole supervision of the Dutch company Skal Biocontrol - data collected from the experience of gardeners, ecological small-scale producers. We carried out a comparative study from field research with certification systems of organic production, taking into account: 1) similarities and differences on the organization of organic and ecologically based production on each country; 2) dynamics and organizational interactions between the various actors involved within certification systems in localized experiences. The results show the commitment of these actors with the construction of the agrifood sustainability in its multiple dimensions: productive diversity; health; fair markets; rights and access to land and water; and food sovereignty. Still, we argued that family farmers and organic farmers in small-scale production in both countries are committed to the certification systems for several reasons, not only for the sake of markets. Further, we argued that the participatory systems regulated in Brazil contribute to the recognition of small-scale production; also to build democratic governance on circuits of production, processing, distribution and consumption. In the Netherlands, the results show little benefit from certification systems of third party to the ecologically-based on small-scale production, and also that there is a tendency to abandon certification by those producers, if no changes take place. Finally, we argued that the agrifood sustainability is built through localized practices, and that, in Brazil and the Netherlands, certification systems only contribute for the food sustainability, while it gives scope to that small-scale producers and farmers conduct their practices and projects through a multilevel governance process of agrifood systems.
28
Goss, Jasper Adam, and n/a. "Fields of inequality: the waning of national developmentalism and the political economy of agribusiness in Siam: case studies of development and restructuring in Thailand's agri-food sector." Griffith University. School of Science, 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041105.142256.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the political and social dynamics of agribusiness in Thailand. Over the last twenty years agribusiness firms grew in scope and activity as Thailand became the major agricultural exporting country of Southeast Asia. The context of this process is explored in terms of national developmentalism, the political economy of agri-food restructuring and history. The thesis analyses two sectors (dairy and shrimp) which demonstrated substantial productive increases and were accompanied with a high level of agribusiness activity. The experiences of these sectors are compared and contrasted to determine the degree to which they characterise historic moments of capitalist restructuring and development.
29
Côrte-Real, Maria Violante Corrêa Leal. "Análise da sustentabilidade nas cadeias de abastecimento agroalimentares." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18464.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialO tema sustentabilidade está cada vez mais na ordem do dia. Os consumidores preocupam-se com a origem dos produtos, a forma como os produtos são processados, os impactos ambientais da produção e as condições laborais em que tais produtos são fabricados. Esta pressão por parte dos consumidores tem feito com que as empresas tenham vindo a desenvolver práticas sustentáveis. O presente estudo realiza uma análise detalhada da sustentabilidade nas cadeias de abastecimento agroalimentares líderes em sustentabilidade com o objetivo de identificar os principais fatores que permitem avaliar e monitorizar uma operação sustentável. Foi também identificado um conjunto de indicadores que abrange as três dimensões da sustentabilidade neste setor. Foi ainda possível verificar que as empresas não desenvolvem os seus relatórios todos da mesma forma e não reportam os temas da sustentabilidade da mesma maneira apesar de pertencerem ao mesmo setor. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as empresas líderes em sustentabilidade, identificadas neste estudo, têm vindo a desenvolver práticas sustentáveis e comprometem-se a atingir objetivos sustentáveis que abrangem tanto a área económica, como a área ambiental e a social.
The theme of sustainability is increasingly on the agenda. Consumers are concerned about the origin of the products, how products are processed, the environmental impacts of production and the working conditions in which they are manufactured. This pressure from consumers has led companies to develop sustainable practices. The present study performs a detailed analysis of sustainability in the leading agro-food supply chains with the objective of identifying the main factors that allow to evaluate and monitor a sustainable operation. It was also identified a set of indicators that cover the three dimensions of sustainability in this setor. It was also possible to verify that companies do not develop their reports all in the same way and do not report the subjects of sustainability in the same way, although belonging to the same setor. The results show that the leading sustainability companies identified in this study have been developing sustainable practices and are committed to achieving sustainable objectives that cover both the economic, environmental and social area.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
30
FORLEO, GIANROBERTO. "Digital AgriFood – Conversazioni online e Big Data per lo sviluppo della comunicazione strategica e progettuale del sistema produttivo marchigiano. Abstract." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11576/2710331.
Full text
31
Abdul-Rahaman, Awal [Verfasser]. "Coordination and Impact of Agrifood Value Chains on Farm Performance: Evidence from Smallholder Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana / Awal Abdul-Rahaman." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177797941/34.
Full text
32
Spigarolo, R. P. "EVALUATION OF THE STATUS AND THE POTENTIAL OF THE LOCAL AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS: INTEGRATED DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF LOCAL AND ORGANIC PRODUCTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233250.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis analyses the Local Agrifood Systems (LASs) and in particular the production of foodstuffs at municipal level, detected using the main sources of data available at national and regional level and the amount of the demand of the school public procurement, detected through a direct survey that involved the municipalities of Lombardy, aimed at quantifying the magnitude of this demand, focusing on the demand for organic and local products.
The main aim of the research is to analyze both demand and supply in public procurement of the school mass catering in Lombardy (administrative region of Northern Italy), at municipal level, in order to verify in this region the possibility to create some LASs, relying as driver on demand represented by the school catering and involving local producers in the supply of the foodstuffs produced in the neighboring areas.
33
Abrahams, Caryn N. "Zambia's food system : multiple sites of power and intersecting governances." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5656.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis contributes to research on agrifood systems in Africa. The research agenda is especially relevant in the context of revived developmental interest in agrifood sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Existing scholarship has tended to focus on economic restructuring and the way supermarkets and agribusiness firms increasingly transform African food economies. This thesis is an empirically grounded research endeavour that presents insights about key dynamics in the domestic food system in urban Sub-Saharan Africa, as seen through the case of Lusaka, Zambia. It also challenges existing scholarship by looking at transformations in domestic political economy contexts in Africa that promote the development of agrifood systems. The thesis is concerned with (1) what shapes Lusaka’s urban food system or what the key influencing factors are; (2) the institutions that are critical to the functioning of the urban food system; and (3) whether agribusiness firms and retailers govern economic interaction in Zambia or whether these firms and their economic interaction are governed by other institutions, and/or determined by the domestic political economy context. The thesis considers the changes in Zambia’s food system which point to growth paths that are intentionally pursued to strengthen the domestic economy so that it meets domestic priorities. Unexpectedly, this is not the concern of the state alone, but also of agribusiness firms. Other fascinating contradictions also became apparent in the course of the fieldwork, which looked at large agribusiness in the poultry sector, the Zambian National Farmers’ Union (ZNFU), the South African supermarket, Shoprite, urban markets, market traders and small-scale farmers, between January and November 2007. For instance, contractual arrangements between small-scale farmers and agribusiness firms are common, but the supply chain almost always incorporates intermediary traders; urban markets are formalising at management levels; and the supermarket faces growing pressure by the state to source locally. The methods consisted of in-depth interviews with the ZNFU, firms, farmers, traders, managers of urban markets and supermarkets, and the Ministry of Trade and Commerce. In sum, the thesis argues that urban food systems in Africa can be seen as situated or located in a domestic political economy, influenced by domestic and regional processes, and that they are the result of intersecting forms of governance by different firms and non-firm institutions. In offering a detailed case study of localised food systems in Africa, these findings lend to a robust research agenda on food studies and economic growth in Africa, and are well-placed to contribute to work on food security.
34
Bruns, Maren [Verfasser]. "Inter-organisational innovation processes in the agrifood industry : an approach to improving management support services applied to the meat industry / Maren Bruns." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016019629/34.
Full text
35
Escher, Fabiano. "Agricultura, alimentação e desenvolvimento rural : uma análise institucional comparativa de Brasil e China." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164710.
Full textAbstract:
Depois da eclosão da crise financeira de 2008, fatos recentes da economia política internacio-nal parecem revelar a possibilidade de estar-se assistindo a gestação de uma nova ordem mun-dial, em que alguns países – em especial os BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China, África do Sul) – vão gradualmente deixando para trás a sua condição periférica e começam a jogar um papel relevante na dinâmica do capitalismo globalizado. A ascensão da China ao status de grande potência traz enormes impactos e repercussões ainda desconhecidas sobre a ordem econômica e política contemporânea. E frente a sua trajetória nos últimos anos, o Brasil tem sido visto como uma potência emergente. No entanto, ainda são escassas as pesquisas na área de agricultura, alimentação e desenvolvimento rural nos BRICS. E particularmente no Brasil não se sabe quase nada sobre esta temática na China. Com o objetivo geral de analisar com-parativamente as “dinâmicas de desenvolvimento rural” emergentes no Brasil e na China mediante as distintas formas de inserção dos seus “sistemas agroalimentares” no “regime ali-mentar internacional”, este trabalho visa preencher parte dessa lacuna. A investigação é inspi-rada na tese da “grande transformação” de Karl Polanyi, sobre a ascensão e queda da “civili-zação liberal novecentista” organizada em torno de um sistema de mercados autorregulado. Estaríamos vivendo algo análogo na época atual, com reflexos na agricultura e na alimen-tação. Neste sentido, é fundamental a noção de “duplo movimento” do autor. De um lado, um movimento hegemônico, representado pela liberalização dos mercados agrícolas nacionais e a globalização dos sistemas agroalimentares sob o comando das grandes corporações transna-cionais do agronegócio, da indústria de alimentos e das grandes redes varejistas. De outro lado, um movimento contra-hegemônico, representado pelas novas dinâmicas desenvolvimen-to rural emergentes, envolvendo o realinhamento da agricultura na natureza e na sociedade para criar novas bases para a produção, distribuição e consumo de alimentos, enquanto uma expressão de resistência, resiliência e autonomia dos camponeses e agricultores familiares. A hipótese de pesquisa é que as novas dinâmicas de desenvolvimento rural emergentes na China e no Brasil são parte de um “contramovimento”. Elas emergem simultaneamente, numa mes-ma época histórica e em realidades tão distintas, porque representam respostas à questão agro-alimentar num contexto de crise da globalização neoliberal. Metodologicamente, o trabalho é caracterizado como uma “análise institucional comparativa”. Trata-se de um estudo de grande amplitude temática, teórica e histórica, que através da combinação da análise institucional e do método comparativo busca compreender os contextos, os mecanismos e os resultados des-tes fenômenos. Entre as principais conclusões da tese, destacam-se três. Em primeiro lugar, as trajetórias recentes da China e do Brasil estão relacionadas a uma série de mudanças institu-cionais que implicaram na reconfiguração das suas estruturas de classe, trazendo alterações nas correlações de forças entre os projetos políticos que disputam os destinos de cada país e possíveis desdobramentos na construção de uma nova ordem econômica e política mundial. Em segundo lugar, a formação do “complexo soja-carnes” Brasil-China encapsula de várias maneiras as mudanças em curso nos seus sistemas agroalimentares e é emblemática de um processo mais amplo de reestruturação policêntrica da dinâmica do regime alimentar inter-nacional; mas também gera contestações, ligadas, sobretudo, aos crescentes escândalos alimentares na China e ao uso abusivo de agrotóxicos no Brasil. E em terceiro lugar, as dinâ-micas de desenvolvimento rural têm propiciado novos circuitos de reprodução da agricultura e de oferta e demanda de alimentos, envolvendo as práticas técnico-produtivas e organizacio-nais de agricultores familiares e camponeses, os interesses formulados como ideias pelos intelectuais e adotados como políticas públicas pelo estado e os processos de luta política e construção de “novos mercados imersos” conectando produção e consumo de alimentos.After the outbreak of the 2008 financial crisis, recent events of international political econo-my seem to reveal the possibility of being watched the gestation of a new world order, where some countries – especially the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) – are gra-dually leaving behind its peripheral condition and beginning to play an important role in the dynamics of global capitalism. China’s rise to the status of a great power brings enormous impacts and and yet unknown repercussions on the contemporary economic and political order. And given its trajectory the recent years, Brazil has been seen as an emerging power. However, there is still scarce research on agriculture, food and rural development in the BRICS. And particularly in Brazil almost nothing is known about these topics in China. With the general objecttive of comparatively analyzing the “rural development dynamics” emer-ging in Brazil and China through the different forms of insertion of their “agri-food systems” in the “international food regime”, this work aims to fill part of this gap. The research is inspi-red by Karl Polanyi’s “great transformation” thesis on the rise and fall of the “nineteenth libe-ral civilization”, organized around a system of self-regulated markets. We are supposed to be living something similar at the present time, with consequences on agriculture and food. In this sense, it is fundamental the author’s notion of “double movement”. On the one hand, a hegemonic movement, represented by the liberalization of national agricultural markets and globalization of agri-food systems, under the control of transnational agribusiness corporations, the food industry and large retailers. On the other hand, a counter-hegemonic movement, represented by the newly emerging rural development dynamics, involving the realignment of agriculture in nature and society to create new foundations for food production, distribution and consumption as an expression of strength, resilience and autonomy of peasants and family farmers. The research hypothesis is that the new rural development dynamics emerging in China and Brazil are part of a “countermovement”. They appear simultaneously, in the same historical epoch and in such different realities, because they represent responses to the agri-food question in a context of crisis of neoliberal global-ization. Methodologically, the work is characterized as a “comparative institutional analysis”. It is a study of large thematic, theoretical and historical amplitude, which by combining institutional analysis and comparative method seeks to understand the contexts, mechanisms and results of these phenomena. Among the main conclusions of the thesis, three stand out. First, the recent trajectory of China and Brazil are related to a series of institutional changes that resulted in the reconfiguration of their class structures, bringing changes in the correlation of forces between the political projects competing for the destinies of each country and possible deployments on the construction of a new economic and political world order. Second, the formation of the Brazil-China “soy-meat complex” encapsulates in many ways the ongoing changes in their agrifood systems and it is emblematic of a broader process of polycentric restructuring of the international food regime dynamics, but also creates contesta-tions, above all, linked to rising food scandals in China and the abusive use of agrochemicals in Brazil. And third, rural development dynamics have been driving new reproduction circuits for farming and food supply and demand, involving technical-productive and organizational practices of family farmers and peasants, interests formulated as ideas by the intellectual and adopted as public policies by the state, and processes of political struggle and construction of “new, nested markets” connecting production and consumption of food.
36
Santos, Marisa Alexandra Marques dos. "Gestão de desempenho na Riberalves, S.A. : proposta de elaboração de um sistema de gestão de desempenho por competências." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6991.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosO projeto tem como finalidade o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Gestão de Desempenho por Competências numa empresa de Comércio e Indústria de Produtos Alimentares – Riberalves, S.A. Este inicia-se com uma revisão da literatura acerca do assunto e confere a sua importância na Indústria Agroalimentar. Seguidamente é feita uma breve caraterização da empresa e, após um conhecimento prévio de toda a sua envolvente, é apresentado o Sistema concebido, elucidando as diferentes fases do processo. O Sistema foi desenvolvido consoante as vantagens e desvantagens apresentadas pela literatura, e a respetiva adaptação à realidade organizacional. Notoriamente, serão apresentadas algumas conclusões e limitações ao trabalho realizado.
The project aims at the development of a Performance Management System for in a company of Commerce and Industry of Food Products - Riberalves, S.A. This begins with a state of the art about the issue and gives its importance in Agrifood Industry. Below is a brief characterization of the company and, after a prior knowledge of all its surroundings, the designed system is presented, explaining the different stages of the process. The System was established accordingly the advantages and disadvantages presented by the literature, and the respective adjustment to organizational context. Notably, some conclusions and limitations to the work performed will be presented.
37
Oliveira, Barros Filipe Marinho. "Proposal for a LCA improvement roadmap in the Agri-food sector based on information exchange requirements and the enclosed data in recent LCAs works." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/89082.
Full textAbstract:
Innovation is essential to promote human progress and to improve the humans' quality of life, but it should be done in a social and environmental context and in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. To achieve this challenge the environmental innovation guidelines should be taken into account. In this line, it is necessary to analyze the life cycle assessment (LCA) of any product, process or service and compute its environmental impacts.
Despite the rapid evolution of environmental methods and tools and the increase of sustainability studies in recent years, LCA remains an area that still has to face major development challenges. This thesis provides an analysis from a new perspective with the intention to serve as a support in the conceptual and empirical application of the LCA in the Agri-food sector. It consists of a qualitative analysis designed to know the type of relationship between the different actors involved and their information exchange needs. The case study made it possible to compare the differences between the academic and the industrial fields, as well as the differences between Spanish and Brazilian LCA experts. Through expert panels, 40 specialists were interviewed and were asked to made a survey to evaluate experts' relationships using the Social Network Analysis method (SNA). Moreover, the network flow of environmental information in Brazil and Spain was mapped.
A second quantitative study was carried out reviewing 70 scientific publications of LCA in the Agri-food sector according to a checklist based on the definition of 20 control variables. The objective was to evaluate the quantity and quality of the information enclosed in the different works. To do this, the entropy and diversity of information were calculated using the Shannon and the equitability indexes, using the number of inputs considered in each impact category. A threshold of minimum information is proposed, using percentiles 25 and 75 (Tukey values) of the calculated Shannon indexes from the papers sample.
Moreover, a cluster analysis was done using 10 out the 20 control variable to classify LCAs into clusters with similar levels of performance for the LCAs of the same group and different from the LCA belonging to the other groups. Based on the analysis of the centers of resulting group, the strengths and weaknesses of each group were identified.
Then, a roadmap or improvement plan was succinctly defined, pointing out the actions to be taken to improve the performance levels in each group in the short, medium and long term.
Finally, a set of actions to improve and facilitate the implementation of LCA in the Agri-food sector was defined as a kind of good practice manual. In sum, it could be concluded that this present thesis could serve to improve the LCA studies performance levels for industry, and, at the same time, it could serve as a baseline with which to compare academic standards of a more academic works.La innovación es esencial para promover el progreso de la humanidad y la mejora de la calidad de vida, pero debe realizarse respetando un suelo social y un techo ambiental de acuerdo con los principios del desarrollo sostenible. Para intentar conseguirlo surge la innovación ambiental. En esa línea, resulta necesario analizar el ciclo de vida (ACV) de cualquier producto, proceso o servicio y computar sus impactos ambientales. A pesar de la rápida evolución de los métodos y herramientas y del incremento de estudios en los últimos años, el ACV sigue siendo un área que se enfrenta a retos de desarrollo importantes. Esta tesis proporciona un análisis desde una perspectiva nueva con la intención de servir de apoyo en la aplicación conceptual y empírica del ACV en el sector agroalimentario. Consta de un análisis cualitativo destinado a conocer el tipo de relación entre los distintos actores involucrados y sus necesidades de intercambio de información. El caso de aplicación permite comparar las diferencias entre el mundo académico y el industrial, así como las diferencias entre expertos en ACV de España y Brasil. A través de paneles de expertos se entrevistó a 40 especialistas y con un cuestionario se evaluó la red de contactos usando el método de Análisis de Redes Sociales (SNA). Con todo se mapeó el flujo de información ambiental en Brasil y España. En un segundo estudio cuantitativo se realizó una revisión crítica de 70 publicaciones científicas de ACV pertenecientes al sector agroalimentario, evaluando las mejores revistas y congresos de todo el mundo entre 2010 y 2016 a partir de la definición de 20 variables de control. El objetivo era evaluar la cantidad y calidad de la información contenida en los distintos trabajos. Para ello se calculó la entropía y diversidad de la información a través del Índice de Shannon y del cálculo de la heterogeneidad en lo refiere al número de inputs considerados en cada categoría de impacto. Tras los valores obtenidos se proponen unos umbrales de información mínima aconsejable usando como límites el valor de las bisagras de Tukey de la distribución de los 70 índices de Shannon calculados. Por otra parte, a partir de 10 de las 20 variables de control se agruparon los distintos ACV analizados con objeto de clasificarlos en grupos con parecido nivel de desempeño para los ACV de un mismo grupo y distinto al de los ACV pertenecientes al resto de grupos. A partir del análisis del análisis de los centros de cada grupo, se identificó las fortalezas y debilidades de cada grupo, para más tarde definir de forma sucinta un mapa de ruta o plan de mejora apuntando las acciones a realizar para mejorar los niveles de desempeño en el corto, medio y largo plazo de cada grupo. Finalmente, se definió a modo de un manual de buenas prácticas un conjunto de acciones a realizar para mejorar y facilitar la realización de ACV en el sector agroalimentario. Con todo. Se podría concluir que la tesis puede servir para mejorar los niveles de desempeño de la realización futura de estudios de ACV en el sector industrial, al tiempo que podría servir como línea de base con la que comparar los estándares de estudios de carácter más académico.
La innovació és essencial per a promoure el progrés de la humanitat i la millora de la qualitat de vida, però ha de realitzar-se respectant un sòl social i un sostre ambiental d'acord amb els principis del desenrotllament sostenible. Per a intentar aconseguir-ho sorgix la innovació ambiental. En eixa línia, resulta necessari analitzar el cicle de vida (ACV) de qualsevol producte, procés o servici i computar els seus impactes ambientals. A pesar de la ràpida evolució dels mètodes i ferramentes i de l'increment d'estudis en els últims anys, l'ACV continua sent una àrea que s'enfronta a reptes de desenrotllament importants. Esta tesi proporciona una anàlisi des d'una perspectiva nova amb la intenció de servir de suport en l'aplicació conceptual i empírica de l'ACV en el sector agroalimentari. Consta d'una anàlisi qualitativa destinada a conèixer el tipus de relació entre els distints actors involucrats i les seues necessitats d'intercanvi d'informació. El cas d'aplicació permet comparar les diferències entre el món acadèmic i l'industrial, així com les diferències entre experts en ACV d'Espanya i Brasil. A través de panells d'experts es va entrevistar a 40 especialistes i amb un qüestionari es va avaluar la xarxa de contactes usant el mètode d'Anàlisi de Xarxes Socials (SNA). Amb tot es dissenyà el flux d'informació ambiental a Brasil i Espanya. En un segon estudi quantitatiu es va realitzar una revisió crítica de 70 publicacions científiques d'ACV pertanyents al sector agroalimentari, avaluant les millors revistes i congressos de tot el món entre 2010 i 2016 a partir de la definició de 20 variables de control. L'objectiu era avaluar la quantitat i qualitat de la informació continguda en els distints treballs. Per a això es va calcular l'entropia i diversitat de la informació a través de l'Índex de Shannon i del càlcul de l'heterogeneïtat en el que es refereix al nombre d'inputs considerats en cada categoria d'impacte. Després dels valors obtinguts es proposen uns llindars d'informació mínima aconsellable usant com a límits el valor de les frontisses de Tukey de la distribució dels 70 índexs de Shannon calculats. D'altra banda, a partir de 10 de les 20 variables de control es van agrupar els distints ACV analitzats a fi de classificar-los en grups amb paregut nivell d'excel·lència per als ACV d'un mateix grup i diferent del dels ACV pertanyents a la resta de grups. A partir de l'anàlisi de l'anàlisi dels centres de cada grup, es va identificar les fortaleses i debilitats de cada grup, per a més tard definir de forma succinta un mapa de ruta o pla de millora apuntant les accions a realitzar per a millorar els nivells d'exercici en el curt, mitjà i llarg termini de cada grup. Finalment, es va definir a manera d'un manual de bones pràctiques un conjunt d'accions a realitzar per a millorar i facilitar la realització d'ACV en el sector agroalimentari. Amb tot, es podria concloure que la tesi pot servir per a millorar els nivells d'exercici de la realització futura d'estudis d'ACV en el sector industrial, alhora que podria servir com a línia de base amb què comparar els estàndards d'estudis de caràcter més acadèmic.
Oliveira Barros, FM. (2017). Proposal for a LCA improvement roadmap in the Agri-food sector based on information exchange requirements and the enclosed data in recent LCAs works [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/89082
TESIS
38
Baraibar, Matilda. "Green Deserts or New Opportunities? : Competing and complementary views on the soybean expansion in Uruguay, 2002-2013." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-106563.
Full textAbstract:
In just over a decade, soybean production in Uruguay emerged from almost non-existence to second most important export product. The extraordinary rapid soybean expansion is often referred to as representing changes that go far beyond the mere substitution of one agrarian activity for another, but evolved into a broad societal concern. Accordingly, the soybean expansion has not only been debated in national media, but among NGO’s, firms, scholars, farmers, political parties as well as within broad sectors of the state apparatus. Although the views expressed are allegedly about the soybean expansion, they are found to reflect much deeper values and assumptions about what is good, appropriate and desirable. All this ultimately represents discordant alternative visions and paths of development. This dissertation outlines and analyzes the dynamics of different, complementary and competing views on the soybean expansion in Uruguay between 2002 and 2013. These have in turn been related to wider debates about “development” of longer historical roots within the social sciences. Rather than exclusively relying on the mediatized accounts expressed in the public debate, often posed in a rather superficial and antagonistic way in accordance to some media logic, this study has made intensive use of in-depth interviews. This has allowed for deeper, more complex and nuanced accounts, as well as made possible to include voices that were only indirectly “represented” in the public debate. The main agreements and disagreements expressed in relation to the soybean expansion have been outlined, described, situated and explored. While constant contingency and unfixity are acknowledged, three main broader competing world-views, or discourses, have also been identified. These are discerned through the analysis of patterns of regularities in the articulations about the soybean expansion. The first is labelled “agro-ecology discourse”, reflecting anti-capitalist notions and centered in values of local autonomy and justice. The other is labelled “pro-market discourse”, reflecting market faith and centered in values of growth, dynamism and meritocracy. The third is labelled “pro-public regulation discourse”, reflecting beliefs in development intervention and centered in values of progress and upgrading.FORMAS - 2006-2246 "The soybean chain in contemporary agro-food globalization: challenges for a sustainable agro-food system"
39
Cotton, Jérôme. "Application de l'analyse métabolomique à la détection ciblée et globale de contaminants organiques dans des matrices agroalimentaires et environnementales par spectrométrie de masse à ultra-haute résolution." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066094/document.
Full textAbstract:
La pollution des produits agroalimentaires et des eaux environnementales par les substances phytosanitaires et les médicaments est une réelle préoccupation de santé publique. Il existe aujourd’hui de nombreuses méthodes d’analyses quantitatives développées sur des appareils de type triple quadripôle pour leur détection mais elles ne se préoccupent peu ou pas des résidus médicamenteux et des produits de dégradation abiotique ou biologique des polluants et sont limitées à un nombre restreint et figé de molécules.Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé une méthode d’analyse basée sur la métabolomique par chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à ultra-haute résolution (LC-HRMS). Deux matrices (miel et eau souterraine) ont ainsi été étudiées comme preuve de concept. Nous avons montré que la LC-HRMS associée à des outils de fouille de données permet (i) une recherche ciblée de polluants prioritaires, (ii) la détection sans a priori de contaminants inattendus ou inconnus et (iii) la recherche de métabolites nécessaire à la classification des échantillons en fonction de leur métadonnée (adultération, origine géographique, etc.). Ensuite, une approche semi-quantitative ciblée large spectre a été développée et validée pour la détection de pesticides, médicaments et métabolites dans l’eau par couplage de la SPE en ligne avec l’UHPLC-ESI-HRMS. Cette méthode permet la détection de 539 contaminants organiques en 36 minutes dans 5 millilitres d’eau au seuil minimum réglementaire de 0,1 µg/L. L’étude de 26 eaux du robinet de la région parisienne a permis de mettre en évidence la présence à l’état de trace de 37 polluants dont 6 médicamentsPollution of agrifood and environmental water by pesticides and drugs is a real public health concern. There are many quantitative methods developed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for their detection, but drug residues and abiotic or biological degradation of pollutants are generally not considered and are limited to a predetermined and restricted list of molecules.In this context, we have developed an analytical method based on metabolomic analyses by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Two matrices (honey and groundwater) were investigated as proof of concept studies. We showed that LC-HRMS associated to data mining tools enables (i) targeted analyses of pollutants, (ii) detection of untargeted and unknown xenobiotics, and (iii) detection of metabolites useful for the characterization of matrices. Then, a large targeted and semi-quantitative approach has been developed and validated for the detection of pesticides, drugs and metabolites in water samples by using on line SPE and UHPLC-ESI-HRMS. This method allowed the detection of 539 organic contaminants at the MLR of 0.1 µg/L in 36 minutes with only 5 milliliter of water. A study of 26 tap water samples from the Paris region showed the presence of 37 pollutants including 6 drugs
40
Vial, Luiz Antônio Machado. "Encurtando distâncias entre produtores e consumidores: a abordagem da fileira corta para cadeias agroalimentares." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3581.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-19T21:20:41Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
encurtando_distancias.pdf: 1563400 bytes, checksum: 0ad7002e28d37ea36ae0995d9a5b6290 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T21:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 encurtando_distancias.pdf: 1563400 bytes, checksum: 0ad7002e28d37ea36ae0995d9a5b6290 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-19
Nenhuma
Essa dissertação abordou um movimento que se consolida na Europa e que tem sido discutido e difundido, principalmente na Itália, a abordagem da filiera corta. Seu principal objetivo é estudar cadeias produtivas curtas e encurtadas em sistemas agroalimentares. A filiera corta trabalha no sentido de reduzir o número de intermediários comerciais, colocando em contato mais direto produtores e consumidores, criando valor agregado no território de origem e reforçando as especificidades do produto. As cadeias curtas têm como objetivo saltar intermediações, permitindo à empresa agrícola aumentar sua margem de lucro, oferecendo produtos de melhor qualidade a preços menores para o consumidor final, favorecendo a relação entre quem produz e quem consome. O modelo econômico é o de mercados agrícolas de venda direta. As cadeias produtivas curtas têm como força a relação direta entre consumidor e produtor. Alguns fatores presentes na decisão de compra de consumidores de produtos de cadeias curtas são: a qualidade dos produtos; a ligação com o território (tipicidade, certificados etc.); método de produção da agricultura biológica; e proximidade do mercado consumidor. Em particular, a posição favorável da empresa, nas adjacências de centros urbanos e de sítios de interesse turístico, histórico, arqueológico ou natural. O objetivo principal de pesquisa foi descrever como pode ser organizada uma cadeia produtiva agroalimentar cujo objetivo seja aproximar produtor e consumidor eliminando etapas e operações intermediárias. O método de pesquisa foi o estudo de caso múltiplo. A pesquisa foi feita em duas etapas, uma na Itália e outra no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram entrevistados cinco agentes italianos (dois pesquisadores, dois empreendedores e um representante de classe) e três empreendedores gaúchos. Foi obtida uma lista de aspectos presentes nas operações encurtadas italianas e comparados com os gaúchos. Ao fim, foram feitas considerações caso se deseje ampliar a abordagem no RS.
This master level thesis has addressed a movement that has been consolidated in Europe and has been discussed and disseminated, primarily in Italy: the short supply chain approach. Its main objective is to study short and shortened supply chains in agrifood systems. Short supply chains ought to reduce the number of commercial intermediaries, putting in more direct contact producers and consumers, creating added value in the territory of origin of goods and reinforcing the specificity of products. The short chains are aimed at jump intermediation, allowing to increase farm profit margins by offering better quality products at lower prices to final consumers and fostering the relationship between those who produce and those who consume agrifood products. The economic model of agricultural markets is the direct sale. Short supply chains have strength as the direct relationship between consumer and producer. Some of these factors in purchasing decisions of consumers of products of short chains are: product quality, the link with the territory (typicality, certificates etc.), method of production based on organic farming, and proximity to the consumer market. In particular, it worths the favorable position of the company, in the vicinity of urban centers and tourist sites, historical, archaeological or natural. The main research objective was to describe how can be organized agrifood production chain whose aim is to bring producers and consumers by eliminating intermediate steps and operations. The research method was the multiple case study. The survey was conducted in two stages, one in Italy and another in Rio Grande do Sul. Five Italian agents (two researchers, two entrepreneurs and a class representative) and three entrepreneurs from Rio Grande do Sul were interviewed. We obtained a list of issues involved in shortened operations in Italy and compared with those in Rio Grande do Sul. In the end, there are considerations about how to expand the approach in RS, based on research findings.
41
Kennedy, Rachael Eve. "Establishing Nourishing Food Networks in an Era of Global-local Tensions: An Interdisciplinary Ethnography in Turkey." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85589.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation ethnographically explores the social concerns related to the global, agro-industrial system's impact on many communities' potential for livelihood and health. At the core of this study is the desire to understand the complex and dynamic ways that communities strive to develop, and make sense of, networks that address these wicked problems and to understand how these strategies might aggregate to promote community resiliency.
An investigation of alternative food networks (AFNs) was contextualized in one province in Western Turkey. The AFNs were articulated by an ethnographic design that utilized tools from different fields of study. Integrating actor-network theory, new social movements theory, and the nourishing networks framework allowed for robust triangulation of data.
I conclude that AFNs in this province are nascent and remain fragmented. At present, AFNs have not been leveraged for community resiliency efforts. However, they hold the seeds of what may become a food sovereignty social movement.
This ethnography reveals that the province has assets, including numerous affinity groups, and a durable connection to heritage with strong reverberations of a nature-culture. I illuminate the broad spectrum of submerged and visible actants and actors that prime the AFNs' development. The wide variance creates diffuse and contradictory cultural implications.
Actors report they constantly negotiate cultural aspects related to AFNs. They conceptualize this work as a polymorphous phenomenon of fragmented communities and a culture of dependency; but they show fortitude by negotiating multi-phasic actions and multi-vocal resistance messaging.
By way of this study I illustrate that their cultural politics take place where economy and identity interface. Actors seek legitimization. They speak of infusing heritage-based ideals into projects. They are firm that agricultural modernization must come from Turkish values. And, they are formulating and strengthening ideological-based discourses.
I further clarify their development strategies by showing how AFNs are experimenting with new governance strategies and focusing on social embedding. Promotion of niche markets has begun. However, public and private resources are limited, which hinders the momentum of AFNs. Additional research is needed to better understand the processes for high functioning AFNs in Turkey.Ph. D.
42
Lima, Sílvia Maria Canavilhas Biscaia. "Como comer de forma saudável com cozinha tradicional alentejana: um projeto de educação para adultos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18355.
Full textAbstract:
No âmbito do Projeto Europeu Food-Med, desenvolveu-se um Trabalho de Projeto de mestrado para formação de adultos em alimentação saudável com base na Cozinha Tradicional Alentejana. Objetivos Gerais: Desenho de uma ação de formação para adultos residentes em zonas urbanas em alimentação saudável com base na cozinha tradicional alentejana. Com a formação pretende-se que os participantes possam adquirir os conhecimentos e incentivos necessários ao desenvolvimento de um estilo de vida saudável, bem como a uma melhor gestão da sua alimentação diária. Metodologia: Elaboração de um módulo de formação com materiais de apoio, testados através da sua aplicação em seminários piloto, e realização de avaliação com base em questionários a formadores e formandos. Conclusões: Não foram registadas alterações na dieta alimentar dos participantes na formação. No entanto, verificou-se uma melhoria no conhecimento dos conceitos básicos de uma alimentação saudável, maior intenção de construção de um jardim comestível e valorização do jardim enquanto fator contributivo para uma dieta alimentar mais saudável. A cozinha tradicional alentejana também passou a ser considerada, pelos formandos, como uma alimentação equilibrada e ligada à dieta mediterrânica; ABSTRACT: Included in the European Project Food-Med, this master report presents an Adult Educational Project on healthy diet based on the Traditional Alentejo Cuisine. Objectives: Develop a training course for adults living in urban areas about healthy diet based on traditional Alentejo cuisine. With the training is intended that the training participants acquire the needed knowledge and incentives to develop a healthy lifestyle, as well as better management of the food they eat in their daily diet. Methodology: Development of an educational Project and material support, tested trough practical application, and application of questionnaire forms to the trainers and trainees. Results: The trainees demonstrated a better knowledge of the basic concepts of healthy eating, but there were no changes in the diet pattern. The results showed an increase in the intention of constructing an eatable garden, and the appreciation of the eatable garden as an important contribution to a healthy diet pattern.
43
Odukoya, Johnson Oluwaseun. "Influence of bioremediation on the chemical and nutritional composition of produce from crude oil-polluted sites." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10040.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of crude oil-contaminated and remediated sites on agrifood production is not clearly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the research was divided into two stages involving: (1) assessment of the efficiency of two bioremediation strategies to support hydrocarbons degradation as well as agrifood production with the initial analysis of the experimental materials, and (2) evaluation of the effect of different crude oil remediation intervention values (CRIV) on selected vegetables (Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea, Lactuca sativa and two different cultivars of Solanum lycopersicum). Results from the first stage showed that the crude oil used had a pristane/phytane ratio of 0.98 (within the 0.8 – 3.0 range of most crude oils), higher concentrations of C10 – C14, C15 – C20 and C21 – C27 alkanes than the C28 – C36 alkanes including higher concentrations of two of the US EPA priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - phenanthrene and anthracene. Four treatments were prepared in which weekly tillage enhanced the degradation of C15 – C20 and C21 - C27 alkanes in the Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation (RENA) treatment. The two bioremediation strategies (RENA and bioaugmentation) enhanced PAHs degradation compared with the remediation-study control treatment while only RENA application among the two approaches supported the growth of B. juncea. Although there was no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) between the major dietary mineral contents of samples from the various treatments compared with the control treatment samples, RENA application affected the Cr, Zn and Pb contents. Meanwhile, the Ca/P (> 1.0) and Na/K (< 0.60) ratios of all the harvested samples imply that they provide a good source of these minerals for bone formation and would not contribute to high blood pressure. The crude oil used also deterred the attack of juvenile caterpillars of cabbage white butterfly. Findings from the second stage revealed that the yield of the green leafy vegetables including one of the selected tomato cultivars (Micro-Tom), was in most cases impaired at CRIV ≥ 3,000 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). Compared with the control treatment samples’ composition, crude oil stress at 10,000 mg/kg TPH enhanced the concentration of K, Mn and crude protein of B. oleracea and L. sativa as well as the sucrose, total sugars, total phenolics and total flavonoids contents of the latter vegetable. Sucrose was also only detected in M82 tomato cultivar samples from the crude oil-containing treatments. The Cd content of B. oleracea, Pb contents of: L. sativa and M82 tomato harvested samples were all below the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission 2015 recommended maximum levels. However, tartaric acid was only detected in B. oleracea and L. sativa samples from the 10,000 mg/kg TPH treatment as well as in M82 tomato cultivar samples from the treatment involving CRIV of 5,000 mg/kg TPH. Generally, the yield of these crops in response to crude oil contamination varied in which B. juncea had the least tolerance to crude oil stress among the green leafy vegetables tested. Most of the quality parameters in the two tomato cultivars were not affected by CRIV between 750 - 5,000 mg/kg TPH with p-xylene having the greatest toxic potential among the VOCs emitted from the 5,000 mg/kg TPH treatment. The research findings, under the experimental conditions, indicated the effectiveness of RENA for the degradation of low molecular weight PAHs and its agricultural benefits. They also suggest that crude oil-contaminated sites at ≤ 3,000 mg/kg TPH present a similar growing environment to a clean site for agrifood production and the possibility that crude oil stress at 10,000 mg/kg TPH could enhance crop quality. Nonetheless, the contribution of bio- accumulated PAHs in these crops to the food chain demands further investigation.
44
Martin, Alicia. "The Socio-Environmental Aspects of Students’ Food Literacy: An Exploratory Case Study of Two Ontarian High Schools." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37320.
Full textAbstract:
North American food environments have gone through dramatic shifts over the past six decades. During this period, we have witnessed the consolidation of a globalizing industrial agrifood regime, accompanied by new types of foods available and an excess of marketing. In recent years however, a growing number of scholars, environmentalists, rural organizations and consumers have highlighted the negative environmental and social impacts of this model of large scale, intensive monocultures. Another critique that has been more and more common is the lack of a comprehensive food literacy among youth populations. This thesis starts from the assumption that such knowledge is crucial to equip younger generations with the ability to understand the connections among these issues, to make conscious and informed choices and become engaged citizens, participating in transforming today’s predominantly unsustainable agrifood systems. This is essential as younger generations are the future consumers, heads of households and decision-makers in Canadian society. As such, one of the primary objectives of this research was to (re)situate the concept of food literacy amidst the many literatures while also providing an original comprehensive framework of analysis, reaffirming both its health and well-being and agrifood systems components. Consequently, and based on such assessments, the thesis offers an original and exploratory analysis of high school students’ food literacy levels. Using a mixed methods approach, it draws from qualitative and quantitative primary data resources and secondary literature to survey and compare eight groups of students in grades 9 and 10 in Ontario. Four of these groups took a food-related class and four were control groups, between two different types of food-related curricula. The research shows that a majority of the high school students who participated in the study have a basic level of food literacy. This is especially notable when including socio-environmental considerations in order to assess their level of agrifood systems’ literacy, which is the main focus and contribution that this research sought to evaluate.
45
MOURA, Iracema Ferreira de. "Agroecologia na agenda governamental brasileira: trajet?rias no per?odo 2003-2014." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2410.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-04T19:47:02Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2016 - Iracema Ferreira de Moura.pdf: 2444921 bytes, checksum: c61a9f7139de37ce4cebdd0c9158f2bd (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T19:47:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Iracema Ferreira de Moura.pdf: 2444921 bytes, checksum: c61a9f7139de37ce4cebdd0c9158f2bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29
In the context of the agrifood system and the Brazilian political situation, since 2003 agroecology is a contemporary approach inserted into the construction of public policies and interrelated to rural development, food sovereignty and Human Right to Adequate Food. Under this perspective, the general objective of this thesis is to comprehend how agroecology entered the governmental agenda and the formulation process of the National Policy on Agroecology and Organic Production (PNAPO) and the National Plan for Agroecology and Organic Production (PLANAPO). The specific objectives are: comprehend the influence of the institutional and political context in the building of the agenda; identify the historical background and agroecology founding aspects at the brazilian public policies after 1985; identify the main governmental decision-makers, actors and civil society groups who acted on the construction of PNAPO and PLANAPO; understand how the junction of the problems flows and alternatives was made to originate the Policy.The theoretical framework employed comprises the Gramscian concept of Estate, analysis of the neo-institutionalist public policies and of the public policy cycle, taking into consideration the referential of agrifood system, food issues and rural development. Two theoretical models were used as analytical references on the policy process, specifically for the governmental agenda definition (agenda setting) and the formulation phase: the Multiple Stream Model from Kingdom, and the Punctuated Equilibrium Model from Frank Baumgartner and Brian Jones. The results of the desk research of relevant literature, secondary sources and semi-structured interviews revealed that the agroecological approach gained space in some public policies since 2003. The convergent actions from the agroecological and organic movements, especially peasant and rural women organizations, together with the favorable political moment, were fundamental factors for the entrance at the governmental agenda and the formulation of PNAPO and PLANAPO. The transformation process of the governmental agenda into public policy occurred by means of open and transparent dialogue between civil society representatives and the federal government, in a political and historical context of a government that created dialogue mechanisms with society and opened up for agendas that were not accepted before. Apart from the limitations, conflicts and constraints, PNAPO and PLANAPO have the great merit of being the affirmation of an agenda that counteracts the agribusiness. They constitute a mark and a political achievement and put the agroecological agenda in another level at the public policies. However, the agroecological approach is not yet consolidated as a federal government strategic and central policy that sustains the transformations of the agrifood system and of the rural development aiming food sovereignty and the Human Right to Adequate Food.
A agroecologia constitui-se em um enfoque contempor?neo inserido na constru??o de pol?ticas p?blicas interrelacionado ao desenvolvimento rural, soberania alimentar e Direito Humano ? Alimenta??o Adequada (DHAA), no contexto do sistema agroalimentar e da conjuntura pol?tica brasileira a partir de 2003. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo geral desta Tese consiste em compreender como ocorreu a entrada da agroecologia na agenda governamental e o processo de formula??o da Pol?tica Nacional de Agroecologia e Produ??o Org?nica (PNAPO) e do Plano Nacional de Agroecologia e Produ??o Org?nica (PLANAPO). Os objetivos espec?ficos s?o: compreender a influ?ncia do contexto pol?tico e institucional para a forma??o da agenda; identificar os antecedentes hist?ricos e os aspectos fundantes da agroecologia nas pol?ticas p?blicas brasileiras ap?s 1985; identificar os principais decisores governamentais, atores e grupos da sociedade civil atuantes na constru??o da PNAPO e do PLANAPO; compreender como foi feita a jun??o dos fluxos de problemas e alternativas que deram origem ? Pol?tica. O marco te?rico utilizado engloba o conceito gramsciano de Estado, an?lise de pol?ticas p?blicas neoinstitucionalista e do ciclo da pol?tica p?blica, acrescidos do referencial de sistema agroalimentar, quest?o alimentar e desenvolvimento rural. Utiliza-se como refer?ncia anal?tica sobre processo de pol?ticas p?blicas (policy process), especificamente para a defini??o de agenda governamental (agenda-setting) e a etapa de formula??o, dois modelos te?ricos: o Modelo de Correntes M?ltiplas (Multiple Stream Model) de Kingdon e do Equil?brio Pontuado (Ponctuated Equilibrium Model) de Frank Baumgartner e Brian Jones. Os resultados da pesquisa documental, fontes secund?rias e entrevistas semiestruturadas evidenciaram que o enfoque agroecol?gico ganha espa?o em algumas pol?ticas p?blicas a partir de 2003. A atua??o convergente do movimento agroecol?gico e org?nico, com destaque para as organiza??es das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais e camponesas, aliada a um momento pol?tico favor?vel, foi fator fundamental para a entrada na agenda governamental e a formula??o da PNAPO e do PLANAPO. O processo de transforma??o da agenda governamental em pol?tica p?blica aconteceu por meio de um di?logo aberto e transparente entre os representantes da sociedade civil e do governo federal em um contexto pol?tico-hist?rico de um governo que criou mecanismos de di?logo com a sociedade e que se abriu para pautas antes n?o acolhidas. Apesar das limita??es, conflitos e lacunas, a PNAPO e o PLANAPO t?m o grande m?rito de serem a afirma??o de uma agenda que se contrap?e ao agroneg?cio. Constitui-se em marco e conquista pol?tica e colocou a agenda da agroecologia nas pol?ticas p?blicas em outro patamar. Entretanto, o enfoque agroecol?gico ainda n?o se consolidou como uma pol?tica estrat?gica e central do governo federal que sustente as transforma??es do sistema agroalimentar e do desenvolvimento, com vista ? garantia do DHAA e da soberania alimentar.
46
Buke, Atakan. "Globalization, Transnationalization And Imperialism: Evaluation Of Sociology Of Agriculture And Food In The Case Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610288/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to evaluate conceptual considerations of the sociology of agriculture and food from inside and outside of the literature in relation to transnationalization and its claim on the emergence of a transnational state. Although the history of the literature can be traced back to mid-1970s, its development corresponds to 1990s which is also the period that witnessed the hegemony of the concept of globalization in social sciences. This study argues that the claim on transnationalization reflects the intimate relationship of sociology of agriculture and food with the globalist interpretation of the concept of globalization or globalization theory which suffers from methodological and theoretical problems mainly in relation to the analysis of immanent contradictions and distinctive features of capitalism. With the criticism of the concepts of globalization and transnationalization, this study aims to break the intimate relationship of the sociology of agriculture and food with the globalization theory and suggests that the concept of imperialism is a powerful analytical concept in comprehending the transformation of capitalist relations, particularly the agrifood relations since late 1970s. In other words, this study aims to reevaluate the concepts (agrifood system and food regime) and problematics formulated in the sociology of agriculture and food literature within the theoretical framework based on the concept of capitalist imperialism exemplified in the analysis of transformation of agrifood relations since 1980 in the case of Turkey.
47
Cortes-Lobos, Rodrigo. "Nanotechnology research in the US agri-food sectoral system of innovation: toward sustainable development." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47541.
Full textAbstract:
Nanotechnology, the scientific study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale (1 to 100 nanometers) that provides new properties in materials and devices had received considerable research attention and public funding support during the last decade in the US. This emerging technology promises to improve the competitiveness of most of the US industrial sectors. Malerba (2004) an innovation system researcher has developed the theoretical framework "Sectoral System of Innovation (SSI)" to study the process by which new technologies and knowledge are produced and transferred to industrial sectors, where actors interact based on an institutional framework to generate innovation processes.
In this dissertation I studied the agriculture and food processing sector, which is a key sector of the US economy that has provided with enough food for the US population, but in an unsustainable way that has harmed the environment, natural resources and human health. The US agrifood sector is facing new challenges of increasing food demand, which need to be addressed in a more sustainable way that takes consideration on economic, environment, and social aspects. The main questions that this dissertation research focuses on studying how much attention the public nanotechnology agrifood research agenda has paid to sustainability issues during the last decade in the US and what role has played the system's actors in influencing this research agenda. The analysis of the policy process in which system's actors try to influence the research agenda is framed in the Advocacy Coalition Framework (Sabatier 1993) that complemented the Sectoral System of Innovation approach in studying the formation of advocacy groups to achieve their coalition's policy goals.
Three data sources were utilized to achieve my research goals, the CNS-ASU nanotechnology publications dataset 2000-2010(Porter A, Youtie J et al. 2007; De Bellis 2009)which was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the agrifood nanotechnology research publications in the US, semi-structured interviews with key actors and their interaction in advocacy coalition groups, and a literature review of several official documents and public hearing with respect to the US nanotechnology system to evaluate the influence of advocacy groups in the policy process. Utilizing Vantage point data mining and Nvivo qualitative analysis software I conducted the data analysis of my research. The results show increasing research attention toward environmental research and food safety issues that can indirectly impact positively on sustainability development, as well as increasing research attention in studying environmental, health and safety issues (EHS) that can reduce potential risks.
The analysis of actors' interaction to influence the policy process, two advocacy coalitions was identified. On one side, a coalition that advocate for more research funding oriented to applied research to achieve the potential that this coalition members believe this technology has to revolutionize the way food is produced giving more competitiveness to the US agrifood sector, this coalition is composed by researchers, federal agency managers and industry representatives. On the other side, a rival coalition that raise concerns respect to potential risks associated to this technology that required to be addressed by the public research agenda. This coalition mainly composed by environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other social actors claim for a regulatory framework that guarantee a nanotechnology development environmental friendly that benefit the society.
The influence of these two coalitions have succeed in allocating more federal funding resources to research nanotechnology in the agrifood sector, with particular emphasis in EHS research that show the right path to a sustainable development that guarantee enough resources for the future generations.
48
Alba, Martín Federico. "CONOCIMIENTO INCORPORADO Y VÍNCULOS INTERSECTORIALES. APROXIMACIONES MEDIANTE EL ANÁLISIS INPUT-OTPUT." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15181.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo el estudio de la actividad innovadora de los sectores económicos desde la perspectiva de los vínculos tecno-productivos que se establecen entre ellos. Dentro de este objetivo general, cobra una destacada importancia el territorio en el cual se encuentran estos sectores, siendo España y la Comunidad Valenciana los casos analizados.
Ante estos objetivos, se plantean las siguientes preguntas que guían la investigación:
a) ¿Qué rol desempeñan los servicios empresariales intensivos en conocimiento en la generación y difusión de innovación en el sistema económico? ¿Qué contribución cuantitativa realizan tales sectores al sistema de creación y generación de conocimiento?
b) ¿Cuáles son los patrones de innovación de sectores menos intensivos en conocimiento, clasificados típicamente como tradicionales, pero con gran arraigo e influencia territorial (en particular el sector agroalimentario)? ¿A qué fuentes recurren con mayor intensidad cuando el territorio presenta también bajas intensidades tecnológicas o baja capacidad de absorción (la Comunidad Valenciana)?
c) ¿Qué patrones de innovación se corresponden con distintas capacidades sectoriales para crear nuevas empresas? O en otras palabras, ¿el patrón de generación/absorción de conocimiento de cada sector afecta a su capacidad para crear nuevas empresas?
Para dar respuesta a estas preguntas se ha utilizado el enfoque del "embodied knowledge". Esta aproximación permite mensurar el conocimiento "incorporado" en los productos y servicios que cada sector utiliza como inputs en sus procesos productivos y que indirectamente contribuyen a su propia intensidad o esfuerzo tecnológico y de innovación. La metodología implementada puede sintetizarse en la idea de que el mayor o menor grado de esfuerzo innovador en un sector no solo estará determinado por su propio gasto en actividades innovadoras, sino también por el gasto que sus proveedores realizan en estas actividades.Alba, MF. (2012). CONOCIMIENTO INCORPORADO Y VÍNCULOS INTERSECTORIALES. APROXIMACIONES MEDIANTE EL ANÁLISIS INPUT-OTPUT [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15181
Palancia
49
Bui, Sibylle. "Pour une approche territoriale des transitions écologiques. Analyse de la transition vers l’agroécologie dans la Biovallée (1970-2015)." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0078/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les transitions agroécologiques impliquent une transformation radicale des modes de production, mais également des modes de transformation, de distribution et de consommation, du conseil agricole, des politiques publiques et de la recherche - en d’autres termes : une reconfiguration du système agri-alimentaire. Dans la vallée de la Drôme, la forte proportion d’acteurs plaçant l’agriculture biologique au coeur de leur stratégie de développement et leur collaboration dans le projet Biovallée semblent indiquer qu’une transition agroécologique est en cours et que l’échelle territoriale offre des leviers permettant de la déclencher. Cette thèse propose une analyse historique des dynamiques à l’oeuvre sur ce territoire, afin de contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes de transition et à leur conceptualisation. En mobilisant la théorie des transitions sociotechniques et à travers une approche pragmatique et ethnographique, nous montrons qu’une reconfiguration du système agri-alimentaire territorial est en cours, et qu’elle résulte des interactions entre une configuration sociotechnique dominante et deux configurations alternatives qu’ont construites les acteurs au fil du temps, autour de deux paradigmes alternatifs à la modernisation agricole. Nous montrons comment, à travers ces interactions, les acteurs parviennent à modifier les rapports de force régissant le système agri-alimentaire, et que l’échelle territoriale leur offre des marges de manoeuvre inexistantes à une échelle plus large. Nous mettons en évidence le rôle essentiel d’une diversité d’initiatives, au sein desquelles les acteurs ont progressivement construit de nouvelles formes de coordination. Dès lors, la question est non plus de penser les transitions à partir du développement d’une innovation technique, mais de créer les conditions pour favoriser la coexistence d’une diversité d’initiatives, porteuses d’innovations sociales, et leurs interactions avec le système dominantAgriculture’s transition towards agrocology requires a radical transformation of production practices based on ecological principles, but it also requires radical changes within transformation, distribution and consumption practices and within advisory systems, public policies and research. In other words, it requires a profound reconfiguration of the whole agrifood system. In the Drome Valley (France), the high proportion of actors who consider organic agriculture as central in their development strategy and their involvement within the “Biovallée” project, suggest that an agroecological transition is in process and that the territorial scale might facilitate it. This thesis analyses the agricultural dynamics at the scale of this territory since the 1970s, in order to understand the transition mechanisms and to conceptualize them. Based on a framework inspired from the sustainable transition theories and on an ethnographic and pragmatic approach, it shows that a reconfiguration of the whole local agrifood system is indeed in process, and that it results from the interactions between a dominant sociotechnical configuration and two alternative ones which local actors have set up over time around two alternative paradigms. We analyze how actors succeed in changing the balance of power within the local agri-food system and how the territorial scale offers them some levers which do not exist on a larger scale. In this case, certain traditional actors and a diversity of initiatives allowed actors to progressively set up new forms of coordination, that is social or organizational innovations (rather than technological ones). Therefore the main issue shifts from thinking transitions based on the development of atechnological innovation, towards creating conditions in order to favour the coexistence of a diversity of initiatives that develop social innovations and to favour their interactions with the dominant system
50
Pereira, Mara Elena Bereta de Godoi [UNESP]. "Coordenação na agricultura familiar e desenvolvimento territorial: o caso das indicações geográficas para o café." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140283.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Mara Elena Bereta de G Pereira (mara@tupa.unesp.br) on 2016-06-30T20:35:19Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertação - Mara Elena Bereta de Godoi Pereira.pdf: 2054270 bytes, checksum: d35184a89025f3fca84787c1e05c4971 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-04T18:35:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_mebg_me_tupa.pdf: 2054270 bytes, checksum: d35184a89025f3fca84787c1e05c4971 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-04T18:35:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_mebg_me_tupa.pdf: 2054270 bytes, checksum: d35184a89025f3fca84787c1e05c4971 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10
A agricultura familiar desempenha importante papel na economia e na sociedade como fornecedora de alimentos de primeira necessidade e geradora de mercado consumidor. Com a crescente demanda do mercado por produtos diferenciados, as Indicações Geográficas (IGs) têm sido reconhecidas como uma ferramenta com capacidade de fortalecer a agricultura familiar à medida que ela garante a qualidade e a reputação de um produto, ligando-o à sua origem, bem como reduzindo as assimetrias informacionais e protegendo o território da ação de oportunistas. Considerando as dificuldades encontradas pelos agricultores familiares para acessar mercados, esta pesquisa analisou como os registros de IGs favorecem a coordenação do sistema agroalimentar de café na agricultura familiar e quais suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento territorial. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória de casos múltiplos em duas regiões brasileiras que possuem o registro de IG para o café e que apresentam elevado número de propriedades familiares: a Serra da Mantiqueira em Minas Gerais e o Norte Pioneiro do Paraná. A abordagem teórica que sustentou a análise da coordenação vertical está centrada na Nova Economia Institucional, com base no Ambiente Institucional e na Economia dos Custos de Transação, buscando verificar por meio da escolha da estrutura de governança, a minimização dos custos envolvidos na transação. Já a abordagem teórica dos Sistemas Agroalimentares Localizados auxiliou na compreensão da coordenação horizontal e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento territorial. Os resultados apontaram que nos territórios pesquisados o registro de IG contribui, principalmente, para a coordenação horizontal na medida em que reforça os laços entre os atores sociais que compõem o território, o que pode vir a contribuir para o seu desenvolvimento.
Family farming plays an important role in the economy as a supplier and consumer of food and goods. Under the growing market demand for differentiated products, geographical indications (GIs) have been recognized as a tool capable of strengthening family farming as it ensures the quality and reputation of a product by connecting it to its territory, as well as reducing informational asymmetries and protecting the territory from opportunistic actions. Considering the difficulties faced by farmers to access markets, this research examined how the IGs favor the coordination of the family farmers in the coffee agrifood system and what are their contribution to territorial development. To this end, an exploratory study of multiple cases was carried out in two Brazilian regions with GI registration for coffee and with a large number of family farms: the Serra da Mantiqueira in Minas Gerais and the Pioneer North of Paraná. The theoretical approach that supported the analysis of vertical coordination is based on New Institutional Economics, as Institutional Environment and the Economy of Transaction Costs. The theoretical approach of Localized Agrifood Systems helped in understanding the horizontal coordination and their contribution to territorial development. The results indicated that GI registrations contribute mainly to the horizontal coordination as it strengthens the links between social actors within the territory leading to local development.