Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture numérique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 21 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Agriculture numérique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Vandôme, Paul. "Rendre l'innovation technologique accessible aux systèmes irrigués ˸ co-conception, évaluation et implications de la low-tech numérique pour accompagner la gestion de l'eau en agriculture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2023. https://www.supagro.fr/theses/extranet/23-0025_Vandome.pdf.
Full textThe sustainability of irrigated agriculture is threatened by growing pressure on water resources, whose over-exploitation is leading to the degradation of ecosystems, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Despite investment in costly modern equipment, the performance of irrigation systems remains below expectations, notably due to induced effects on a wider scale. Digital information technologies offer new opportunities for better understanding and management of water resources, but they remain relatively inaccessible and poorly adapted to agrarian contexts, particularly for surface irrigation systems and in the global South. Therefore, to what extent can the participatory design of digital information technologies result in new tools that are useful and accessible to improve the performance of irrigation systems and contribute to greater territorial sustainability? The results of our PhD thesis show that digital innovation for irrigation management does not necessarily have to be complex, expensive and energy-intensive. We developed new simple, open source, do-it-yourself and low-cost measurement and automation systems to support real-time water management with farmers practising surface irrigation in France and drip irrigation in Tunisia. We proposed a multi-criteria and multi-scale modeling method to simulate the effects of the adoption of such new tools on the performance of irrigation systems. Our results put into perspective the benefits of changes in practices resulting from the adoption of innovations, and illustrate the trade-offs emerging on a larger scale. We believe that this work will contribute to the democratisation of digital low-tech for more autonomous, energy and water-saving irrigation systems. The designed tools and methods are highly reproducible and open the way to future research on the understanding and management of water flows in various agro-hydrological contexts
Reda, Ali. "A multiscale mechanical study of flax stems and fibres for the development of an in-the-field tool capable of predicting optimum retting." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN055.
Full textAgriculture 4.0, also known under several aliases such as ‘digital agriculture', ‘smart farming', and ‘e-farming' is currently developing rapidly in terms of research, development, and commercial applications. As with Agriculture 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, the objective of Agriculture 4.0 is the use of technology to improve all areas of agriculture. In Agriculture 4.0 it is the application of microelectronics and microtechnologies. Unlike before, these technologies bring things such as the internet-of-things, big data, telecommunications, novel sensing, rapid feedback, data analysis, connectivity, artificial intelligence etc. In principle, all these areas should result in a massive modernization of farming in terms of organisation, yield, efficiency, and quality of produce. However, Agriculture 4.0 is so vast that if one is to contribute to it, even in a minor way, one has to choose a specific area to contribute. The area chosen for the study in this PhD was flax fibre production. Flax fibres are naturally strong fibres which can be extracted from flax stems. The flax stems have evolved to have robust micrometre-diameter fibres running the length of the outside of the stem, and held in place in the external tissue of the stem. Once extracted and isolated, flax fibres have numerous applications ranging from textiles to composite materials. In order to facilitate the mechanical extraction of flax fibres from their parent stems, the stems undergo a process known as ‘retting'. Retting leads to the breakdown of the external tissue between the fibres. A common form of retting is known as ‘dew retting'. In dew retting, natural processes such as bacteria and fungi result in enzymes which break down the middle lamella and gradually separate fibre bunches and fibres from bunches. The length of dew retting depends heavily on the weather. Too little retting results in difficult fibre extraction in the factory, too much retting can result in a compromise in fibre quality. It has long been known that there is an optimum retting point-even the ancients knew this. Certain skilled artisan farmers are able to judge this point via a combination of manual manipulation of the stems, observation of damage caused to the external tissue via this manoeuvre, and also observing the colour and the smell of the stems during this very skilled, but artisanal, testing. It is clear that the artisan is performing rudimentary laboratory tests quite literally ‘in-the-field'. It would seem logical therefore to try to quantify such tests and see if a reliable tool can be made to help the artisan. And indeed, this is exactly what others have attempted. The introduction of the PhD gives examples of attempts to make optimal-retting tools in the 1980s and after. Inspired by this early work, the work of this PhD attempts a full multiscale mechanical characterization of flax stems and fibres during a retting cycle (summer 2022) and, somewhat ambitiously, performed in real time-to our knowledge for the first time. The mechanical characterization involved macroscopic mechanical tests (bending, crushing, and twisting), as well as novel microscopic mechanical testing of single flax fibres using novel methods inspired by MEMS. In addition, the nanoscopic mechanical properties of the primary cell wall of retting flax fibres was characterised using nanoindentation AFM. As the experimental work, analysis via analytical modelling, and interpretation descends in scale from macro, through micro, to nano, we learn a little more of how the retting affects the stems, their properties, and their fibres. In addition to simply learning, a very positive outcome of the PhD is that one is able to suggest a mechanically-induced damage mechanism in stems which could be the basis for a tool. One can note however, that the uncontrollable multiparameter nature of the subject, e.g. the weather, means that several studies would be needed to confirm beyond doubt observations from a single retting cycle
Deleplanque, Henri. "Segmentation des images numériques par seuillage adapté : application à l'automatisation du repiquage en agriculture." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10172.
Full textRobe, Christian. "Segmentation d'images par analyse de connexité : application au contrôle qualité en production horticole." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10088.
Full textLes principales difficultés pour extraire des images l'information utile ont été rencontrées au niveau de la segmentation des images, ce qui explique que les principaux apports méthodologiques de ce travail se situent au niveau des premiers traitements réalisés sur l'image. Nous proposons une technique de transformation non linéaire de l'histogramme des niveaux de gris qui permet d'optimiser la recherche automatique d'un seuil et ainsi fiabiliser les procédures classiques de segmentation par seuillage d'histogramme. D'autre part, les propriétés de luminance des points ne permettant pas toujours, à elles seules, de trouver un seuil approprié, nous proposons une nouvelle approche de la segmentation pour laquelle les propriétés de connexité et de luminance des points sont prises en compte conjointement pour segmenter de manière automatique l'image en autant de régions que nécessaire. Ce travail de recherche a finalement abouti par la réalisation d'une machine prototype qui intègre un système de vision artificielle pour l'examen du degré de croissance et de conformité des produits avant leur expédition chez les clients
Dimara, Euthalie. "L'agriculture grecque : une étude chronologique et régionale par l'analyse des correspondances et la classification automatique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066199.
Full textJönsson, Madeleine. "Political economics of gender relations in information and communication technologies in agricultural development. The case of knowledge-based platforms for farmers in Kenya." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA018/document.
Full textLow-income sub-Saharan African countries are confronted with demographic explosion since the last 60 years. Consequently, agriculture plays a key role in ensuring food security. The agricultural sector is also the main source of employment in this region. Women are the major contributing labour force in agriculture in these sub-Saharan African countries. Connected to their key role in the agricultural sector, women farmers are prioritised in policy intervention. Moreover, agricultural extension services are necessary to adapt to different constraints in these countries. Transfer of knowledge is also required to guarantee farm yields and consequently improve small-scale farmers’ livelihoods. Lately, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have enabled the development of new tools, aimed at improving the scope and the effectiveness of advisory services. Policy makers in sub-Saharan African countries are nonetheless confronted with critical questions regarding the impact of these tools, which can also contribute to a ‘digital gender gap’. These issues particularly concern women farmers.This PhD research analyses how ICT tools take into account gender relations, and the situation of women farmers. The thesis is based on the case of Kenya. The dissertation particularly focuses on the development of knowledge-based platforms in agriculture, an ICT policy instrument used by the Kenyan Government to achieve public policy objectives. This country is emblematic because it believes in the assumption that platforms can be inclusive of women farmers’. To answer to this research question, the work is based on three different institutional economic research approaches: feminist economics, the French regulation theory, and economics of services. A conceptual and methodological framework is presented to analyse the inclusion of gender equality in knowledge-based platforms at macro-, meso-, and micro- level.The results provide evidence that gender equality objectives is a fundamental guiding principle to the Government of Kenya. The analysis show that platforms are considered as new tools of inclusiveness in farm advisory services innovation. Observations from a developed platform typology framework show however that platforms can be source of gender inequality. It especially concerns women farmers unequal access to these instruments and the standardised services that they offer. This is essentially related to the institutional nature of the platform. Indeed, as it turns out, a high number of these instruments are based upon complex partnerships, and financed by multi-national corporations and/or foundations from the agrifood industry based in the Northern hemisphere. Combining institutional economic approaches allowed to bring out critical points of inclusion to be considered by policy makers and platform developers. Disregarding these specificities may make these platforms into new vectors of exclusion. Recognising and taking into account the conditions for inclusion can bring to light powerful levers for improving the efficiency of platforms
Vioix, Jean-Baptiste. "Conception et réalisation d'un dispositif d'imagerie multispectrale embarqué : du capteur aux traitements pour la détection d'adventices." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS022.
Full textWeed detection is one of the most important issues for a non-polluting and productive agriculture. In this PhD we present a new method based on aerial images acquired with a remote controlled aircraft. We use a multispectral image sensor based on a CCD camera and a wheel of filters. This sensor is compact enough to be shipped in a remote controlled aircraft. An image mosaicing is done in order to be able to use spectrometric information. Later, spectral information is used to establish three classes : soil, crops and weeds. Classification is split in two steps. First, a non-supervised algorithm allows the separation between soil and plants. Second, supervised methods are used to distinguish crops and weeds. These various algorithms are compared to each other. A crop row detection method based on Gabor filter is developed. This information allows weeds/crop separation regardless of their spectral characteristics. An original method for computing time acceleration based on wavelet packets is detailed. These two methods having different error sources, we suggest to merge them using a Bayesian approach. Finally, a region growing algorithm achieves the classification. Experimental results obtained in test fields are provided to assess the quality of the classification
Jones, Gawain. "Modélisation d'images agronomiques : application à la reconnaissance d'adventices par imagerie pour une pulvérisation localisée." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS035.
Full textPlant (crop and weed) identification is a very active field of research in agriculture since the reinforcement of European laws about pesticide applications for a site-specific management of spraying practices. A new crop/weed simulation model was developed to allow the evaluation of crop/weed spatial identification methods from imaging. Considering multiples agronomic parameters – crop location, weed infestation rate, weed spatial distribution – the first step of this model allows the simulation of an infested crop field. Then, in a second step, a world to camera transformation is applied to allow every kind of picture (with or without perspective effect). The validation of this model was performed using statistical tests comparing a real image to its homologous virtual one. New crop/weed discrimination algorithms based on the Hough Transform to detect crop rows were also developed. Three methods, using the crop row information and based on a blob-coloring, an edge estimation or a probabilistic classification were exhaustively tested using this model. Results show very good performance of these methods with correct average classification rate of 90% and up to 98% under special conditions. A spectral approach was also explored for the model in order to overcome the limitations imposed by spatial algorithms. Crop and weed plant patterns are now in 3D to allow the calculation of the bidirectional reflectance (BRDF) of plants and soil based on PROSPECT and SOILSPECT models. We also discussed the transformation of a reflectance spectrum into a RGB color, the simulation of optical filter effects and the creation of multispectral images
PANNETIER, Romain. "Développement des modèles biomécaniques de l'humain pour l'évaluation ergonomique de commandes automobiles : application à la pédale d'embrayage." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992216.
Full textViavattene, Christophe. "Exploitation socio-économique de la modélisation souterraine du transfert des nitrates à l'échelle du bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001750.
Full textColin, Julien. "Séchage en continu du bois énergie comme moyen de préconditionnement en vue de sa conservation thermochimique : approches expérimentale et numérique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00861231.
Full textLazrak, El Ghali. "Fouille de données stochastique pour la compréhension des dynamiques temporelles et spatiales des territoires agricoles. Contribution à une agronomie numérique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782768.
Full textHossard, Laure. "Conception participative et évaluation numérique de scénarios spatialisés de systèmes de culture. Cas de la gestion du phoma du colza et de la durabilité des résistances." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01041619.
Full textBellón, de la Cruz Beatriz. "Une approche multiscalaire par télédétection pour la cartographie et la caractérisation des systèmes agricoles à l’échelle régionale." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0002.
Full text: In a context of regional land-use planning, agricultural systems’ mapping - crop types and cropping practices – allows monitoring of what is being produced, where and how, and therefore represents a key element for regional assessment of the agricultural production and its environmental impact. The production of information on agricultural systems generally requires a lot of data and expertise. This information is thus very heterogeneous in quantity and quality in space and time, the availability and updates being extremely variable between countries and regions. Remote sensing, through its ability to retrieve synoptic spatial information on the state and dynamics of vegetation from satellite images, represents a valuable tool for agricultural monitoring. However, the conversion of images into regional-scale map products remains a field of research for many applications. This thesis presents original methodological developments in a semi-automatic multiscale approach based on the processing and analysis of optical satellite imagery for the mapping and characterization of agricultural systems at regional scale. The approach is composed of two main methods: (i) regional stratification into landscape units and classification of these units to produce a map of agricultural land-use systems; (ii) field-level segmentation and unsupervised classification of the segments by a “landscape-clustering” method to produce a cropping systems’ map. The methods were developed on a region of intensive agriculture, the Brazilian state of Tocantins, where the cultivated area, as well as the main agricultural land-use systems and cropping systems were successfully mapped from an annual NDVI-MODIS time series and a mosaic of Landsat images. The reproducibility of the approach was then assessed in Burkina Faso, where landscapes are shaped by the smallholder agriculture. Only the cultivated area could be mapped with satisfactory results, highlighting the limitations of these methods and the current offer in satellite imagery given the challenging specificities of this type of agriculture for remote sensing. The resulting maps were assessed with ground-truth data and agricultural statistics, and compared to other existing maps. The results of this thesis show the potential of the new method of regional stratification into landscape units which, based on NDVI time series and combined to the unsupervised “landscape-clustering” classification method, contributes to significantly improve discrimination of crop types and agricultural practices, and allows representing the agricultural systems at different levels of spatial organization. The originality of the developed methods lies mainly in the simplicity of their implementation. They are almost exclusively based on satellite data and require little “expert” intervention and external data, which gives them a high reproducibility potential. Thereupon, this thesis contributes, with these novel methods, to the development of generic tools to support large-scale monitoring of agriculture and to provide decision-support products for reasoned land-use planning
Chartin, Caroline. "Effet de l'évolution du parcellaire agricole sur la redistribution des sols et la morphologie des versants cultivés - exemple du Sud-Ouest du bassin parisien." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643554.
Full textMuller, Pierre-Antoine. "Mathematical modelling of particle transport and deposition in the acinar region of the lung." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674565.
Full textGuilhamassé, François. "Etude du captage post-combustion du co2 grâce à un procédé vsa (vacuum swing adsorption) avec de nouveaux adsorbants." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978530.
Full textBediaf, Houda. "Quantification et modélisation par traitement d'images de la répartition des produits pulvérisés à l'échelle de la feuille en fonction de son état de surface et la nature du produit." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS005/document.
Full textIn the context of agricultural spraying, reducing the amount of input became a crucial step particularly in viticulture. The development of spraying precision in this domain needs the mastery of the use of spray equipment, product and distribution of these products on the foliage. In this area, many research have been done, their main goal being to optimize the use of plant product protection and to reduce significantly the input quantity inside the culture. However, few research has been done on the behavior of the product directly on the foliage which constitutes finally the main goal of this thesis. The first part of this report deals particularly with the analysis of leaf surface state by focusing precisely on the leaf surface roughness, one of the main parameters in product adhesion process. A leaf surface analysis is performed by determining the textural features extracted from microscopic images. A new roughness indicator is proposed and, spatial and frequency parameters were used to estimate and characterize the leaf roughness. These parameters allow both the characterization of surface homogeneity and the detection of the presence of rib/hair on the leaf surface. Indeed, this part represents a fundamental basis for understanding the spray droplet behavior on the vine leaf. The second part of this thesis deals with experimental studies which aim to define and to create statistical models to estimate the amount of product remaining on the leaf surface or the surface occupied by droplets. These models consider different spray parameters, such as droplet size and velocity, surface tension of the product, slope angle and roughness of the leaf. These models could be seen as aid-decision tools to optimize the amount of spray and the estimated product remaining on the leaf
Affagard, Jean-Sébastien. "Identification des propriétés hyperélastiques des muscles de la cuisse à l'état passif : couplage des techniques de corrélation d'images aux techniques d'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975741.
Full textVulgarakis, Minov Sofija. "Integration of imaging techniques for the quantitative characterization of pesticide sprays." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS068/document.
Full textIn recent years, advances in plant protection have contributed considerably to increasing crop yields in a sustainable way. Easy to apply and rather inexpensive, pesticides have proven to be very efficient. However, when pesticides are applied to crops some of the spray may not reach the target, but move outside the intended spray area. This can cause serious economic and environmental problems. Most of the pesticides are applied using agricultural sprayers. These sprayers use hydraulic nozzles which break the liquid into droplets with a wide range of droplet sizes and velocities and determine the spray pattern. Small droplets are prone to wind drift, while large droplets can runoff from the target surface and deposit on the soil. Therefore, efforts are being undertaken to come to a more sustainable use of pesticides which is more and more regulated by international environmental laws. One of the main challenges is to reduce spray losses and maximize spray deposition and efficacy by improving the spray characteristics and the spray application process. Because mechanisms of droplets leaving a hydraulic spray nozzle are very complex and difficult to quantify or model, there is a need for accurate quantification techniques. The recent improvements in digital image processing, sensitivity of imaging systems and cost reduction have increased the interest in high-speed (HS) imaging techniques for agricultural applications in general and for pesticide applications in specific. This thesis focused on the development and application of high speed imaging techniques to measure micro (droplet size and velocity) and macro (spray angle and shape, liquid sheet length) spray characteristics.The general aim was to show that the spray characteristics from agricultural spray nozzles can be measured correctly with the developed imaging techniques in a non-intrusive way. After a review of the spray application process and techniques for spray characterization (Chapter 2), two image acquisition systems were developed in Chapter 3 based on single droplet experiments using a high speed camera and a piezoelectric droplet generator. 58 combinations of lenses, light sources, diffusers, and exposure times were tested using shadowgraph (background) imaging and evaluated based on image quality parameters (signal to noise rate, entropy ratio and contrast ratio), light stability and overexposure ratio and the accuracy of the droplet size measurement. These resulted into development of two image acquisition systems for measuring the macro and micro spray characteristics. The HS camera with a macro video zoom lens at a working distance of 143 mm with a larger field of view (FOV) of 88 mm x 110 mm in combination with a halogen spotlight and a diffuser was selected for measuring the macro spray characteristics (spray angle, spray shape and liquid sheet length). The optimal set-up for measuring micro spray characteristics (droplet size and velocity) consisted of a high speed camera with a 6 μs exposure time, a microscope lens at a working distance of 430 mm resulting in a FOV of 10.5 mm x 8.4 mm, and a xenon light source used as a backlight without diffuser. In Chapter 4 image analysis and processing algorithms were developed for measuring single droplet characteristics (size and velocity) and different approaches for image segmentation were presented. With the set-up for micro spray characterization and using these dedicated image analysis algorithms (Chapter 4), measurements using a single droplet generator in droplet on demand (DOD) and continuous mode were performed in Chapter 5. The effects of the operating parameters, including voltage pulse width and pulse amplitude with 4 nozzle orifice sizes (261 μm, 123 μm, 87 μm and 67 μm) on droplet diameter and droplet velocity have been characterized (...)
Boutron, Olivier. "Étude de l’influence de l’hydrodynamique sur le transfert de produits phytosanitaires en fossés agricoles : approche expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10045.
Full textThe aim of this work was to better understand the influence of hydrodynamics on the transfer of pesticides in water flows in agricultural ditches. Special attention was given to four parameters: i) the speed of the surface water flow, ii) the submergence, defined as the mean ratio between the height of the bedforms and the water depth, iii) the shape of the bedforms and iv) the water content of the bed substrate before contamination by pesticides. The influence of these various parameters was investigated with an experimental flume, using a standard of substrate made of hemp fibres. Hemp fibres were chosen as a simplified model of natural substrates such as grass, dead leaves, decaying vegetation, straw and sediments, which are rather complex and heterogeneous. Hemp fibres were selected from preliminary laboratory studies which allowed to compare the adsorption and desorption characteristics of various pesticides for different fibres often used in the geotextile industry (jute, linen, hemp, polyamide, polypropylene and polyester). The flume experiments were designed in order to assess the influence of the four parameters mentioned above. The comparison between the different experiments shows that an increase in surface water speed results in an increase in the amount of pesticides transferred from the water to the bed substrate and the transfer kinetics. A similar result is observed when increasing the submergence, or when going from small sinusoidal bedforms to larger rectangular bedforms. In addition, the data show that the transfer of pesticides from surface water to the bed substrate is strongly decreased when the substrate was saturated with water at the beginning of the experiments. Also, it appears that there is a link between the influence of the differents parameters. When considering the long time duration and the cost of the experiments, it was decided to use a model from the literature which was adapted and used to confirm and extend the interpretation of the experimental data