Academic literature on the topic 'Agriculture – Italy – 20th Century'

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Journal articles on the topic "Agriculture – Italy – 20th Century"

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Ferrario, Viviana. "Learning from Agricultural Heritage? Lessons of Sustainability from Italian “Coltura Promiscua”." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168879.

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Agricultural heritage is gaining increasing importance as a repository of lessons to be learned for more sustainable agriculture in the future. Among the forgotten European agricultural heritage, the Italian grapevine “coltura promiscua,” which integrates agroforestry and intercropping, survives only in a few regions in the form of relics. Based on geographic, historic, agricultural literature published on the subject between 16th and 20th century with a focus on North eastern Italy, on previous fieldwork research, and on the analysis of recent candidacies to the Italian National register, this contribution identifies five principles that can be considered today as lessons of sustainability in agriculture: vertical intensification, spatial multifunctionality, resilience through crop diversity, labour-intensive production, personal/familiar/community attachment. Taken together, these principles describe a new rationality that seems to adapt to changed global and local conditions and can suggest new strategies to design new sustainable agricultural systems. The research suggests that sustainability principles can be found both by studying relics of agriculture heritage, and by carefully reading the literature that described them in the past, well before the concept of sustainability itself appeared in the scientific debate. Finally, this paper highlights some difficulties in practicing these lessons in modern agroforestry systems and suggests directions for future research.
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Andreoni, Luca. "Oilseed Cakes in Italy and France: Opportunities and Difficulties of a Market (late 19th and first half of the 20th Century)." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0006.

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Abstract This paper addresses the trade and commercialisation of oilseed cakes (residues from the extraction of oils) and press cakes in Italy and France during the last decades of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century. It tries to demonstrate that the diffusion of oilseed cakes for livestock, a distinctive sign of the intensification of breeding that involved all of Europe, or as organic fertilisers, took place at the crossroads of multiple dynamics. Trade policy of the states, industrial choices and development paths of the different rural worlds help to explain the variations in timing, spatial scale and methods used. The spread of oilseed cakes confirms that the modernisation of European agriculture happened on different and interrelated fronts.
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Bazzocchi, G., F. Casadei, and G. Gianquinto. "Green spaces in Italy from subsistence agriculture to public parks: the city of Bologna from 13th to 20th century." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1279 (June 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1279.6.

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De Vita, Pasquale, Loredana Matteu, Anna Maria Mastrangelo, Natale Di Fonzo, and Luigi Cattivelli. "Effects of breeding activity on durum wheat traits breed in Italy during the 20th century." Italian Journal of Agronomy 2, no. 4s (December 21, 2007): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2007.4s.451.

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Limoncelli, Massimo, and Giuseppe Scardozzi. "La ricostruzione tridimensionale e il restauro virtuale di una tomba etrusca dipinta dell’Etruria meridionale interna: la “Grotta Dipinta” di Pranzovico (Viterbo)." Virtual Archaeology Review 4, no. 8 (November 20, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2013.4285.

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<p>The paper concerns the 3D reconstruction and virtual restoration of a painted rock-cut chamber tombs located in the interior of Southern Etruria (Viterbo Province, Central Italy). The tomb was discovered in 1901 in a place named Pranzovico and it dates from the mid-fifth century BC; it has a cross plan with central atrium (decorated with paintings) and three chambers in which there are the rock-cut funerary beds. The paintings have been largely destroyed by illegal excavators in the days immediately following the discovery; during the 20th century it was damaged due to agricultural works in the surroundings and now it is partially filled up. Its 3D reconstruction is based on the scarce remains preserved, the plan and drawings of paintings made at the time of discovery and the comparison with other tombs from Tarquinia and Chiusi.</p>
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Lazrus, Paula Kay. "Land Use and Social Dynamics in Early 19th Century Bova, Calabria." Land 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101832.

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While interest in land use in the prehistoric periods in Italy has received attention, that cannot be said of the Post-Medieval period. The general view is that all activities and objects from the last 300–500 years or so are so indecipherable from their contemporary counterparts and that there is no need to study them. There is, in fact, very little Post-Medieval archaeological work done in the south of Italy, which is the focus of this paper. The landscape of southern Calabria has changed radically over the centuries. The distribution of dense macchia forests was diminished in the late 18th and 19th centuries for building railroads and ships, and more recently, arson has been used as social or political revenge. The removal of the macchia led to erosional landscapes and the loss of archaeological footprints. This paper explores agricultural practices and forest exploitation in the early 19th and 20th centuries by the citizens of Bova to better understand the social and economic dynamics that continue to influence the lives of people living in the community. It utilizes cadastral records, archival documents from the early 1800–1900s, and spatial analysis to better understand the potential economic and social dynamics in this community. Consideration is also given to how social status and power, represented by Church-owned vs. lay citizen-owned properties, was reflected in local land use. The overall paucity of archaeological materials from this period across the landscape supports and complicates the overall picture while also supporting an interpretation of a very local and insular community poorly integrated into the greater Italian economy of the day.
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Vidović, Jelena, Rafał Nawrot, Ivo Gallmetzer, Alexandra Haselmair, Adam Tomašových, Michael Stachowitsch, Vlasta Ćosović, and Martin Zuschin. "Anthropogenically induced environmental changes in the northeastern Adriatic Sea in the last 500 years (Panzano Bay, Gulf of Trieste)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 21 (November 1, 2016): 5965–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5965-2016.

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Abstract. Shallow and sheltered marine embayments in urbanized areas are prone to the accumulation of pollutants, but little is known about the historical baselines of such marine ecosystems. Here we study foraminiferal assemblages, geochemical proxies and sedimentological data from 1.6 m long sediment cores to uncover ∼ 500 years of anthropogenic pressure from mining, port and industrial activities in the Gulf of Trieste, Italy. From 1600 to 1900 AD, normalized element concentrations and foraminiferal assemblages point to negligible effects of agricultural activities. The only significant anthropogenic activity during this period was mercury mining in the hinterlands of the gulf, releasing high amounts of mercury into the bay and significantly exceeding the standards on the effects of trace elements on benthic organisms. Nonetheless, the fluctuations in the concentrations of mercury do not correlate with changes in the composition and diversity of foraminiferal assemblages due to its non-bioavailability. Intensified agricultural and maricultural activities in the first half of the 20th century caused slight nutrient enrichment and a minor increase in foraminiferal diversity. Intensified port and industrial activities in the second half of 20th century increased the normalized trace element concentrations and persistent organic pollutants (PAH, PCB) in the topmost part of the core. This increase caused only minor changes in the foraminiferal community because foraminifera in Panzano Bay have a long history of adaptation to elevated trace element concentrations. Our study underlines the importance of using an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in reconstructing the history of environmental and anthropogenic changes in marine systems. Given the prolonged human impacts in coastal areas like the Gulf of Trieste, such long-term baseline data are crucial for interpreting the present state of marine ecosystems.
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Yancheva, Svetla, Boryana Ivanova, and Hristina Yancheva. "Agricultural education in Bulgaria – traditions and future." Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 29 (June 7, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2021.29.001.

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The foundations of Bulgarian higher agricultural education date back to 1921. Until then, agricultural university graduates were trained in France, Germany, Italy and other European countries. In 1945, based on the Regents’ Council Decree No 180 of August 4th, published in the State Gazette on August 20th, the Ordinance setting up a state university located in Plovdiv was enacted. Nowadays, the Agricultural University (AU) is the successor of that first university situated outside the capital Sofia. The history and traditions of this higher educational establishment have invariably followed the social and cultural development of the country, which has gone through difficult and complicated political and economic times. Even today, the Agricultural University in Plovdiv is the only specialized state university in Bulgaria in the area of agricultural and related sciences of national, European, and international high prestige. The purpose of the present review is to present the traditions and challenges in agricultural education in Bulgaria. The University draws strength from the rich tradition but looks to the future and global problems to provide accurate decisions to the challenges of the twenty-first century in agricultural education, science, and safe food production for a better quality of life.
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Klein, Igor, Arturo Cocco, Soner Uereyen, Roberto Mannu, Ignazio Floris, Natascha Oppelt, and Claudia Kuenzer. "Outbreak of Moroccan Locust in Sardinia (Italy): A Remote Sensing Perspective." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 6050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236050.

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The Moroccan locust has been considered one of the most dangerous agricultural pests in the Mediterranean region. The economic importance of its outbreaks diminished during the second half of the 20th century due to a high degree of agricultural industrialization and other human-caused transformations of its habitat. Nevertheless, in Sardinia (Italy) from 2019 on, a growing invasion of this locust species is ongoing, being the worst in over three decades. Locust swarms destroyed crops and pasture lands of approximately 60,000 ha in 2022. Drought, in combination with increasing uncultivated land, contributed to forming the perfect conditions for a Moroccan locust population upsurge. The specific aim of this paper is the quantification of land cover land use (LCLU) influence with regard to the recent locust outbreak in Sardinia using remote sensing data. In particular, the role of untilled, fallow, or abandoned land in the locust population upsurge is the focus of this case study. To address this objective, LCLU was derived from Sentinel-2A/B Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data between 2017 and 2021 using time-series composites and a random forest (RF) classification model. Coordinates of infested locations, altitude, and locust development stages were collected during field observation campaigns between March and July 2022 and used in this study to assess actual and previous land cover situation of these locations. Findings show that 43% of detected locust locations were found on untilled, fallow, or uncultivated land and another 23% within a radius of 100 m to such areas. Furthermore, oviposition and breeding sites are mostly found in sparse vegetation (97%). This study demonstrates that up-to-date remote sensing data and target-oriented analyses can provide valuable information to contribute to early warning systems and decision support and thus to minimize the risk concerning this agricultural pest. This is of particular interest for all agricultural pests that are strictly related to changing human activities within transformed habitats.
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Karp, Sławomir. "Karp Familly from Rekijow in Samogitia in 20th century. A contribution to the history of Polish landowners in Lithuania." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 303, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134970.

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The article concerns the fate of Felicjan Karp’s family, one of the richest landowners of Samogitia (Lithuania) in the first two decades of the 20th century. After his father, he inherited approximately 40,163 hectares. The history of this family perfectly illustrates the changes that this social class has undergone in the past century. The end of their existence was the end of the landowner’s existence. The twilight of the Samogitian Karps took place quite quickly, for only a quarter of a century from July 28, 1914, the date of the outbreak of World War I to the Soviet invasion of the Republic of Lithuania on June 15, 1940. Over the course of these years - on a large scale two-fold - military operations, changes in the political and economic system, including agricultural reform initiated in the reborn Lithuanian state in 1922 and deportations to Siberia in 1940 brutally closed the last stable chapter in the life of Rekijów’s owners, definitively exterminating them after more than 348 years from the land of their ancestors. Relations between the Karp family and the Rekijów estate should be dated at least from September 21, 1592. In addition to the description of the family, it is also necessary to emphasize their significant economic and political importance in the inhabited region. These last two aspects gained momentum especially from the first years of the 19th century and were reflected until 1922. At that time, representatives of the Karp family jointly owned approximately 70,050 ha and provided the country with two provincial marshals (Vilnius, Kaunas) and two county marshals (Upita, Ponevezys). The author also presents their fate during World War II in the Siberian Gulag, during the amnesty under the Sikorski–Majski Agreement of July 30, 1941, joining the formed Polish Army in the USSR (August 14, 1941), the soldier’s journey through Kermine in Uzbekistan, Krasnovodsk, Caspian Sea, Khanaqin in Iraq, Palestine to the military camp near Tel-Aviv and then Egypt and the entire Italian campaign, that is the battles of Monte Cassino, Loreto and Ancona. After the war, leaving Italy to England (1946), followed by a short stay in Argentina and finally settling in Perth, Australia.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agriculture – Italy – 20th Century"

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Gaudenzi, Bianca. "Commercial advertising in Germany and Italy, 1918-1943." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609367.

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WITKOWSKI, Victoria Margaret. "Remembering fascism and empire : the public representation and myth of Rodolfo Graziani in 20th-century Italy." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/72739.

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Defence date: 24 September 2021; Examining Board: Professor Lucy Riall (European University Institute); Professor Alexander Etkind (European University Institute); Professor John Foot (University of Bristol); Professor Marla Stone (Occidental College)
My PhD has utilised the cultural representation of Italy’s most popular military figure from the Fascist period to account for the myth-making and warped remembrance of Rodolfo Graziani in Modern-day Italy. By proving himself to Mussolini with his brutal tactics, namely, mass hangings, the erection of concentration camps, and utilisation of poison gas during the Italian ‘pacification’ of Libya in the 1920’s and the Fascist conquest of Ethiopia in 1936, my project highlights that Graziani was chosen by the Fascist government to be a national imperial war hero. Facilitated by the dawn of totalitarianism and mass consumption, the propaganda campaign to promote the Fascist Empire utilised Graziani as a modern-day celebrity, through many mediums, which became the source base for my research. Images of Graziani filtered back to Italy in the 1930s through postcards, books, magazines, film, radio, busts and the like. During the Second World War, collaboration with the Nazis under the Salò Republic led to his trial in 1948, but his colonial crimes remained unquestioned, testament to the effect of heroisation for his previous colonial career. Since then, this manipulation of historical consciousness has continued to pervade Italian society as the state searched for a collective ‘usable’ past from the remnants of the Fascist dictatorship. As Mussolini’s most popular enterprise, colonial ambition remained a shared goal across the political spectrum in the immediate post-war period. By countering national insecurities through the utilisation of male symbols, men like Graziani provided an opportunity to promote such ideals through untainted virtues of masculinity. Institutionally therefore, the role of individuals in bringing ‘civilisation’ to its African colonies continued to be revered in post-fascist and post-colonial Italy. Moreover, most recently, a regionally funded monument that was built in Graziani’s honour near Rome in 2012 only led to public outcry abroad and from interested national parties with almost no negative response from the Italian public. Graziani’s memory thus remains a fervent, multifaceted one and signifies tension in popular attitudes to Italy fascist and colonial history. It is with this timely and noteworthy case-study that I aim to shed light on the persistently neglected darker aspects of Italy’s recent past.
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Totaro, Genevois Mariella. "Foreign policies for the diffusion of language and culture : the Italian experience in Australia." Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8828.

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Diazzi, Alessandra. "The reception of psychoanalysis in Italian literature and culture, 1945-1977 : Ottiero Ottietri, Edoardo Sanguineti, Giorgio Manganelli, Andrea Zanzotto." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709511.

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BARATIERI, Daniela. "Italian colonialism : memories and silences : 1930s-1960s." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10393.

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Defence date: 26 October 2007
Examining Board: Professor Luisa Passerini (EUI and Università di Torino); Professor Bo Strath (EUI); Professor Nicola Labanca (Università di Siena); Professor David Forgacs (University College London)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
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Ruffing, Jason L. "A Century of Overproduction in American Agriculture." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700066/.

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American agriculture in the twentieth century underwent immense transformations. The triumphs in agriculture are emblematic of post-war American progress and expansion but do not accurately depict the evolution of American agriculture throughout an entire century of agricultural depression and economic failure. Some characteristics of this evolution are unprecedented efficiency in terms of output per capita, rapid industrialization and mechanization, the gradual slip of agriculture's portion of GNP, and an exodus of millions of farmers from agriculture leading to fewer and larger farms. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an environmental history and political ecology of overproduction, which has lead to constant surpluses, federal price and subsidy intervention, and environmental concerns about sustainability and food safety. This project explores the political economy of output maximization during these years, roughly from WWI through the present, studying various environmental, economic, and social effects of overproduction and output maximization. The complex eco system of modern agriculture is heavily impacted by the political and economic systems in which it is intrinsically embedded, obfuscating hopes of food and agricultural reforms on many different levels. Overproduction and surplus are central to modern agriculture and to the food that has fueled American bodies for decades. Studying overproduction, or operating at rapidly expanding levels of output maximization, will provide a unique lens through which to look at the profound impact that the previous century of technological advance and farm legislation has had on agriculture in America.
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BALABAN, Ioan. "International and multinational banking under Bretton Woods (1945-1971) : the experience of Italian banks." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69996.

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Defence date: 11 February 2021
Examining Board: Professor Youssef Cassis (European University Institute); Professor Federico Romero (European University Institute); Professor Catherine Schenk (Oxford University); Professor Stefano Battilossi (University of Carlo III)
Business economists and financial historians distinguish between a first and a second wave of international and multinational banking. The Great Depression and the two World Wars interrupted the first wave which began in the mid 19th century. The second wave began in the 1960s and was triggered by the advent of the Euromarkets under the international monetary regime of Bretton Woods (1944-1971). The thesis investigates the determinants of the internationalization of European commercial banks under Bretton Woods by focusing on the experience of Italian banks. I argue that Italian banks re-entered international and multinational banking from the late 1940s onwards in order to contribute to establish Italy as a commercial power. Competition between the banks in the international arena led them to integrate Eurodollar deposits into their international and domestic banking strategies in the 1950s and the 1960s thus contributing to the globalization of finance. The big European continental commercial banks internationalized in parallel to Italian banks and for the same reasons. Nevertheless, in contrast to latter, the former became major actors in the Euromarkets as a result of the American challenge after 1965. The thesis argues that the growth of the Euromarkets in the second half of the 1960s was sponsored by the Federal Reserve of the United States. The Federal Reserve encouraged the growth of the Euromarkets, and the role of American banks in the market, in order to defend the US official gold stock and the US balance of payments. Sources are drawn from bank and central bank archives in Italy, France and the United States.
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Di, Lillo Ivano. "Opera and nationalism in Fascist Italy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283883.

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White, Brook. "ANOTHER FORGOTTEN ARMY: THE FRENCH EXPEDITIONARY CORPS IN ITALY,1943-1944." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2595.

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The French Expeditionary Corps that fought in Italy during World War II was a French army, but that description must be qualified. Therefore this thesis asks two questions: how did France manage to send the equivalent of an army to Italy if French military leadership in 1943 had no direct access to French manpower resources; and the most important question since it is unique to the historical debate, why were the troops that were sent to Italy so effective once there when compared to the 1940 French army? To answer the first question, it was a French colonial army – soldiers mainly from Africa – that enabled France to send an army to Italy. The second question was not so easily addressed and is actually composed of two parts: current scholarship finds that at the tactical level French troops of 1940 no less capable than the troops in Italy, but more importantly it was the French military leadership's willingness to expend the lives of their colonial solders with little regard that allowed the French Expeditionary Corps to allow the United States Fifth Army to enter Rome just days before the Allied invasion of Normandy. And in order to understand why the French military was willing to expend the lives of its African soldiers, this thesis also had to examine the French colonial system dating to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Finally, this paper explores the different components of leadership that each army, which were African (primarily from North Africa and French West Africa) and metropolitan (mostly from European France), used to lead and direct their men. Thus, this study is more than just a pure military history. It is also a cultural and social history of France in relation to its colonies.
M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
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Lavenda, Daniel. "Disenchanted engagement : the philosophy and political praxis of Massimo Cacciari." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b322a1d4-2ec9-4d24-a847-4388832f5ba9.

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Several commentators have argued that the focus within political theory in recent decades on abstraction rather than 'reality' has left it with has nothing to say to political actors. On these grounds, some have even expressed concern regarding the discipline's future. As a reply to these concerns, I introduce in this thesis the scholarship and political career of the Italian philosopher Massimo Cacciari. Cacciari shares many goals with Anglophone political theorists, but neither his scholarship nor his practice have engaged in the kind of intellectual abstraction which they now find so troubling. Drawing from Cacciari's philosophy, political career, and interventions as a public intellectual, I show how his understanding of real-world conflicts and contradictions begins with a commitment to what I call his 'geophilosophy of the archipelago', which regards the foundations of human knowledge to be irreducibly plural. A commitment to irreducibly plural foundations means that philosophers and political actors must discard what Cacciari views as 'enchantment' with the possibility of ultimate or absolute resolution of all political discord. In return, however, he argues that hopeful political engagement is still possible, because political actors remain able to cope in material and semiotic terms with the complex realities they face. I suggest that serious consideration of Cacciari's example of recognising irreducible plurality, coupled with a disenchanted engagement with both the material and the semiotic dimensions of political life, offers a compelling alternative orientation to the world that may suggest new ways forward in political theory.
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Books on the topic "Agriculture – Italy – 20th Century"

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Collection, Estorick, ed. Still life in 20th century Italy. Milano: Mazzotta, 2004.

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Ferdinando, Meacci, ed. Italian economists of the 20th century. Cheltenham, England: E. Elgar, 1998.

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Modern Italy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

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Moelli, Francesca Romana. Faces 3: From 17th to 20th century. Roma: Galleria Carlo Virgilio & Co. arte moderna e contemporanea, 2020.

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Alok, Bhalla, and Bumke Peter J, eds. Images of rural India in the 20th century. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1992.

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B, Ludgate Thomas, Kitzler Janice Ludgate, and South Dakota Veterinary Medical Association., eds. The prairie practitioners: 20th century South Dakota veterinarians. Freeman, SD: Pine Hill Press, 1996.

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Vasta, Michelangelo, and Andrea Colli. Forms of enterprise in 20th century Italy: Boundaries, structures and strategies. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2010.

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Walton, Robin. Kentish oasts, 16th-20th century: Their history, construction, and equipment. Egerton, Kent: Christine Swift, 1998.

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Christian), Reynolds Matthew (Matthew, and Sauter Dale, eds. Greenville in the 20th century. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2013.

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A, Wadud Mian M., Bāṃlādeśa Kr̥shi Gabeshaṇā Kāunsila, and Bangladesh Academy of Agriculture, eds. Agricultural research in Bangladesh in the 20th century: Crops, forestry, livestock, fisheries. Dhaka: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council & Bangladesh Academy of Agriculture, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agriculture – Italy – 20th Century"

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Baker, Randall. "Colonial Agriculture in the 20th Century." In Environmental Management in the Tropics, 109–14. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003208983-9.

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Quinn, Kenneth M. "Dr. Norman E. Borlaug: 20th Century Lessons for the 21st Century World." In Perspectives in World Food and Agriculture 2004, 57–70. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470290187.ch3.

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Faralli, Carla. "Chapter 11 Legal Philosophy in Italy in the 20th Century." In A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence, 369–409. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1479-3_11.

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Gava, Gabriele, and Tullio Viola. "Pragmatism in Britain and Italy in the Early 20th Century." In The Routledge Companion to Pragmatism, 128–37. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315149592-22.

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Pellegrini, Emanuele. "7. Göring in Italy. The Ventura Case." In Transfer of Cultural Objects in the Alpe Adria Region in the 20th Century, 145–62. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412518899.145.

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Thanailaki, Polly. "Spreading the ‘Word of God’. Women-Missionaries and Protestant Education in the Balkans, Greece and Italy." In Gender Inequalities in Rural European Communities During 19th and Early 20th Century, 73–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75235-8_4.

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Celetti, David. "14. Considerations on Hemp and Alternative Agriculture in Italy, France and Russia from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century." In Alternative Agriculture in Europe (sixteenth-twentieth centuries), 315–43. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.5.119535.

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Thanailaki, Polly. "‘Caught in the Spider’s Web’. Women’s Schooling in the Rural Communities in Italy and in Parts of the Balkans." In Gender Inequalities in Rural European Communities During 19th and Early 20th Century, 27–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75235-8_2.

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Ferrari, Ivan, and Aurora Quarta. "San Cataldo (Lecce, Italy): The Historical Evolution Of The Coastal Landscape." In Proceedings e report, 58–68. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.07.

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San Cataldo is located on the Adriatic sea about 10 km east from Lecce (Italy). Since ancient times it was a port and the remains of a Roman pier are visible: the study illustrate the evolution of its coastal landscape from historical origins until today. The port was renovated in medieval times and also between the 19th and 20th centuries with the construction of a lighthouse, a new pier and a tramway with Lecce. During the last century emerged the tourist vocation of San Cataldo with events of overbuilding characterizing the nowadays coastal landscape.
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Gariano, Stefano Luigi, Olga Petrucci, and Fausto Guzzetti. "The Role of Rainfall and Land Use/Cover Changes in Landslide Occurrence in Calabria, Southern Italy, in the 20th Century." In Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides, 339–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53483-1_40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agriculture – Italy – 20th Century"

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Fratini, Fabio, Silvia Rescic, Mara Camaiti, and Manuela Mattone. "Traditional buildings for tobacco processing in Val Tiberina (Tuscany-Italy)." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14373.

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This paper focuses on the analysis of buildings used for tobacco processing, built in the first half of the 20th century in Tuscany (province of Arezzo), by studying construction techniques, materials, and preservation issues. Since the 16th century, in Tuscany, the sites involved in the cultivation of tobacco are both the upper Val Tiberina and Val di Chiana (in particular Arezzo and Siena areas). At first, tobacco was used either for medical purposes or as snuff and pipe powder. It soon became the most renowned cultivation throughout the Tiberina Valley, due to the excellent quality of the tobacco produced. The first significant crops date back to the early 17thcentury. The drying process took place in specific buildings named "tabaccaie", where tobacco leaves were placed over an oak wood fire to dry. This process was adopted until the 1970s. Subsequently, a profound crisis in the agricultural sector determined the falling into disuse and abandonment of numerous "tabaccaie". In some cases, these buildings have been reused as luxury hotels for tourism purposes, but many of them have been demolished or are in a state of ruin. They represent the testimony of agro-industrial vernacular architectures nowadays at great risk. Indeed, most of the recovery interventions have often completely obliterated the original structure to make the former “tabaccaie” able to satisfy housing and comfort requirements. The study aims to deepen the knowledge of these buildings to preserve cultural identities and transfer inherited values.
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Romano, Lia. "Architecture and Proto Industry. Watermills in the historic peri-urban landscape of Benevento (Italy)." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14567.

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The landscape of Benevento is historically characterised by the presence of vernacular architectures which exploited the driving power of water for productive purposes. The abundance of watercourses and natural resources coupled with the large quantity of agricultural products enabled the development of a real proto-industrial centre, which was particularly active in southern Italy between the 18th and 19th centuries. Production activities linked to the manufacture of textiles and leather were flanked by a dense system of watermills. Situated in the proximity of the city walls and the city's main rivers, such watermills and their inherent complex network of canals have shaped the historic peri-urban landscape of the city over centuries.Thanks to the availability of numerous historical maps and archival drawings of mills, a link can be established between the past and what is currently visible in the area. The recognition of the physical traces of the mills and of the remains of the water adduction system deepens the knowledge of an unresolved strip of city territory that still retains a peri-urban character, being delimited on one side by the historic walls and on the other by the 20th century expansion of the city.In light of these considerations, this paper offers a new contribution to the study of the proto-industrial architectural heritage of Benevento, focusing on the interpretation of material traces of the past: their recognition will strengthen the identity of this part of the city.
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Francesco Galioto, Meri Raggi, and Davide Viaggi. "Pricing Policies in Managing Water Resources in Agriculture: an Application of Contract Theory to Unmetered Water." In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, May 27-June 1, 2012, Bari, Italy. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41419.

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"Infant Mortality in the Shadrinsky Uyezd in the Early 20Th Century: the Role of Religious Factors." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-2.

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The paper analyses the influence of religious factors on infant mortality in the Shadrinsky uyezd of the Perm governorate in the early 20th century. The Shadrinsky Uyezd was characterized by its relative natural, climatic and economic homogeneity and poorly developed social infrastructure for children. Based on ethno-religious and legal factors, the population of the uyezd was divided into Orthodox Russian former state peasants and Bashkir-Meshcheryak landowners/landless Muslims employed in agriculture. According to the research results, all other factors equal, Muslim religious precepts had a tremendous impact on the survival of children: the difference in infant mortality rates between confessional groups was more than 200 ‰.
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Imamaliyev, Elvin, and Sabina Musevi. "The Relationship of Service Sector Employees with Work Stress and Burnout." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02703.

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The aim of this research is to reveal the relationship between job stress and burnout of service sector employees. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, the concept of service is examined. The concept of service emerged in the 17th century and expanded in developed and developing countries from the second half of the 20th century, surpassing the two important sectors of agriculture and industry, and gained great importance in the economy. The increase in people's free time, the increasing number of women in the workforce, and the increase in people's incomes have caused the service sector to gain importance in the economy. In the second part, the concept of stress and burnout is examined. Over time, all sectors have modernized and made people's daily lives easier, and at the same time, this modernization has increased the level of stress in people, and a feeling of burnout has emerged in people due to increased stress. The symptoms and characteristics of stress, which people cannot completely remove from their lives, also differ. Thus, people have coped with the resulting stress and burnout caused by stress by using different methods and have continued their lives. In the third part of the study, the relationships between work stress and burnout were discussed and research was conducted. As a result of the research, a significant and positively charged relationship was determined between job stress and the feeling of burnout. A meaningless and negatively charged relationship was found between work stress and lifestyle. A significant and negatively charged relationship was found between the feeling of burnout and lifestyle.
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Vinogradovs, Ivo, Oļģerts Nikodemus, Guntis Tabors, Imants Krūze, and Didzis Elferts. "ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS OF LANDSCAPE CHANGE IN MOSAIC TYPE LANDSCAPE: A CASE STUDY OF VIDZEME, LATVIA." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2016.31.

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Landscape change has been extensively documented throughout rural Europe over the past decades. The dominating tendencies are intensification of agriculture and land marginalization. In territories of former USSR radical land use changes have shattered rural landscape structure throughout the 20th century, which in many cases have led to land marginalization in form of abandonment of agricultural lands and subsequent uncontrolled afforestation. This process is especially evident in mosaic type landscapes – landscapes of small intertwining structure of patches of agricultural land and forests. The paper presents the results of the study based on application of multinomial logistic regression and cross-analysis using binary logistic regression in R of important physical factors of landscape structure such as land quality, soil texture, slope, as well as land use patch size. Additionally certain human induced factors such as distance to closest paved road, cadastral plot size and availability of Single Area Payments are added for more accurate assessment of the driving forces of landscape change and possible vectors for supplementary studies. Data was gathered in intensive field surveys combined with analysis of high quality remotely sensed data. Results show strong interrelationship of several analyzed factors and thus calls for attention to further development of methodology.
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MOUDRÝ, Jan, Helena PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Tomáš CHOVANEC, and Eliška HUDCOVÁ. "SOCIAL FARMING – INTRODUCTION OF THE CONCEPT AND THE CURRENT SITUATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.216.

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Historically, agriculture always fulfilled a social function as well. However, its intensification taking place in the 20th century brought about a number of changes accompanied by putting this and a number of other non-productive functions in the shade. However, recent years have seen the establishment of agricultural directions that contribute to their renewal. This also includes social farming. Social farming is the most complex component of the concept “green care”. In its current form, it creates room for providing for the people who have hardly any chances on the labour market and for their involving in farming activities. While in a number of European countries this concept has been used for many years, in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe it has still been in the early stages and has not been formally defined in many countries yet. In the Czech Republic, the concept of social farming has been developed approximately since 2013, growing and gaining in importance continuously. The article introduces the concept of social farming and describes its current situation in the Czech Republic. The data were obtained through questionnaire surveys and directed interviews in the field. As part of the analysis of the structure of social farming in the Czech Republic, the selected set of thirty entities involved in social farming is described in terms of the structure of the farming production, the main target groups of clients and the funding sources.
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De Marco, Paolo, and Antonino Margagliotta. "La construcción del lenguaje en el Teatro Popular de Sciacca de Giuseppe y Alberto Samonà. *** The construction of language in the Sciacca popular Theatre by Giuseppe and Alberto Samonà." In 8º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 8. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab8.2018.7580.

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El Teatro popular de Sciacca de Giuseppe Samonà y su hijo Alberto –dos importantes guras de la arquitectura italiana– es una de las más significativas obras italianas de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Inaugurado en 2015, después de una larga construcción de cuarenta años, el teatro tiene una original implantación con doble sala; está compuesto por tres grandes volúmenes (un paralelepípedo, un cono y una pirámide) y expresa una arquitectura de la imagen, una idea de un espacio determinado por formas puras y del uso de un único material (el hormigón visto). El uso de tres formas arquetípicas es una vuelta a los orígenes, una idea casi clásica y racional de la arquitectura; al mismo tiempo es la evocación de una perfección arcaica. Para esta idea es fundamental el empleo del hormigón, conceptualmente entendido como material primordial, que participa en la expresión de estabilidad y duración. El edificio se convierte en icono y se inserta en el paisaje como un monumento. En este sentido, esta arquitectura es un homenaje a Le Corbusier, construida a través de la interpretación del lenguaje del gran maestro. El Teatro de Sciacca representa, probablemente, el más notable ejemplo de arquitectura le corbuseriana en Italia.***The Sciacca Popular Theatre by Giuseppe Samonà and his son Alberto - two important figures of Italian architecture - is one of the most significant Italian building of the second half of the 20th century. Inaugurated in 2015, after a forty years long construction, the building has an original layout with two auditoriums; composed by three big volumes (a parallelepiped, a cone and a pyramid) and expresses an architecture of image, an idea of space determined by pure forms and using a single material (the raw concrete). The use of three archetypal forms is a return to the origin, an idea al- most classical and rational of architecture; at the same time is the evocation of an archaic perfection. Within this context, the use of raw concrete is also fundamental. Understood as primitive material, it participates to the expression of stability and durability across the building. As a result, the building is converted to an icon that sits in the landscape like a monument. In this sense, this architecture is a tribute to Le Corbusier, built through the interpretation of the great master language. The Sciacca Theatre represents, probably, the most remarkable example of architecture by Le Corbusier in Italy.
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Soares, Liliana, and Ermanno Aparo. "The Concept of Tantra as Meta-Design to Create Sustainability." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001422.

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This article is an ongoing research and takes Tantra (Saraswati, 1981) to present an academic project that refers to the expansion of knowledge, understanding the body of an object through as a supreme shelter link. On the one hand, the female element represents the a whole as the beginning of everything and the supreme power of creation. On the other hand, the male element is associated with transcendence.Similar to designing, from the perspective of tantrism, the union of the two energies - feminine and masculine – is crucial and for this reason, the care of the object's body is essential.Phenomenologically, as Feuerstein (2005) states the tantric point of view does not deny the world of experiences, but views positively the culture of potential intrinsic psychophysical body and mind. This thesis comprises not only time and space, but also the external factors that cross-fertilize reality and, for this reason, enter into design process. In this sense, objects’ body is full of organs, but visible only to designers, requiring guidance from a master.In art, in early 20th century, there were similarities between the abstractions of Paul Klee, Piet Mondrian or Robert Delaunay. After that, Neo Tantrism emerged in the 1960s with the indian artist K. C.S. Paniker (1911-1977).In design, it seems Tantra contest divisions between opposites by teaching that everything is respected and incorporated, which includes the concept of marginal in society. For instance, Bauhaus (Germany, 20’s), Memphis (Italy, 60’s), Droog Design (Netherlands, 90’s) seem to represent it, as this is more about change in the world, via the body, rather than transcendence of it. In design Tantra can be understood as a moment of reflection on the nature of design and an occasion to continually think and get to know design, for instance, a process-oriented process. A reality that enhances scenario hypotheses, but without reaching a productive result.This ongoing research is non-interventionist and interventionist. The non-interventionist phase consists of the analysis and interpretation of concepts, contents from the past as well as visual imagery of Tantra. The interventionist phase resides on a pilot project.Thus, thinking about method in design means thinking about a phenomenological process such as interpretation. A path that is inductive like self-production, deductive like engineering, abductive intelligently linking hypotheses through experience, and also intuitive, imaginative, inventing, telling the story of material culture in another way. An alternative that needs to die and to live again, a process that, between analysis, intuition and experience, appeals to the dialectical reflection of design as an interlocutor between the individual and material culture in order to create sustainability.
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Reports on the topic "Agriculture – Italy – 20th Century"

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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.
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