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Academic literature on the topic 'Agriculture industrialisée – Aspect environnemental'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agriculture industrialisée – Aspect environnemental"
Ghali, Mohamed. "Allier environnement et performances économiques des exploitations : des outils pour l'analyse de l'agriculture écologiquement intensive." Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0054.
Full textEcologically Intensive Agriculture (EIA) has emerged as a concept that could reach the dual challenge of environmental sustainability and productivity. The aim of this these is to understand the relevance of this concept through the analysis of agriculture-environment-economic performance relationship. We used different economic and multidisciplinary tools : 1) to discuss the originality of this concept, which aims to integrate environmental features and natural ressources as a specific production factors 2) to measure the technical efficiency of French farms, analyze their scope for improving energy ressources productivity and determine factors that could influence their overuse and 3) to analyze the economic and environmental impacts on a farm engaged in the EIA process. In addition to quantifiable and monetized ressources, this research has permitted to take into account other ressources such as soil quality, through the « engineer » production function obtained unsing biophysical models. Afficiency analysis has showed that the majority of farms are overusing energy ressources. Agricultural practises have heterogeneous effects on this overuse depending on the farm types and the nature of the used ressource. The bio-economic modeling of the studied farm shows that the adopted practices are as productive as traditional practices and help improving its economic and environmental efficiency
Marshall, Anaïs. "S'approprier le désert : agriculture mondialisée et dynamiques socio-environnementales sur le piémont côtier du Pérou : le cas des oasis de Virú et d'Ica-Villacuri." Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568044.
Full textChandra, Varunesh. "Nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from crop residue decomposition in soils." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS204.pdf.
Full textCrop residues are organic inputs to soil that enhance soil carbon stocks. Although, their decomposition in soils have been showed to cause higher nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions. On analysing related literature, we found that the position of residue incorporation affects these gaseous emissions. We carried out laboratory experiments with three different soil - small particled sandy, calcareous clayey and slightly calcareous clayey soils, with red clover and wheat residues incorporated in them. The residues were incorporated in three positions in soil microcosms - on the surface, mixed in the top layer and layered between two soil layers, to simulate real world scenarios. We found that surface placed residues on soil had the highest ammonia fluxes. While layered and mixed residues had higher nitrous oxide fluxes. The fluxes from red clover residue were higher than wheat owing to high nitrogen in the former. We used this flux data obtained to test a constructed nitrous oxide and and ammonia emission model by coupling CANTIS, NOE and ammonia volatilisation models. We found that the model simulations were underestimated although they were corresponding well qualitatively with the experimental observations
Cazals, Clarisse. "Analyse conventionnaliste des démarches environnementales volontaires : l'exemple de la viticulture et de l'arboriculture fruitière." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40034.
Full textVoluntary Environmental Approaches (VEA) are considered as all the firm free contracts aiming at improving their environmental performance, beyond legal requirements, in the limits of a formal or informal system. The dynamics of their expansion and their diversity leads to open an economical and ecological work in order to analyse them, selecting the acceptibility criteria, rather than the ecological one. We present an analysis of the various conditions of VEA emergence and durability in the agricultural sector, especially in wine growing and fruit arboriculture. As a matter of fact, these two sectors are concerned by the non-point source pollution due to chemical products. In order to cope with this major environmental issue, the actors have chosen two VEA models : organic farming and integrated farming. Starting from the economics of conventions theoretical foundations, we build an analysis that fits with the environmental problem, articulating possible worlds of environmental protecting production and environmental conventions. It allows us to focus on the distinction between the two VEA types in both processes
Tissot, Cyril. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle d'activités humaines à fort impact environnemental : Application à l'étude des pratiques agricoles intensives dans le département du Finistère." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES1006.
Full textThis main goal of this thesis is to propose a methodological frameworkdedicated to long-term changes of modelling of the coastal environment under the influence of anthropic activities. Beyond these general problems the finality of this research task is based on the constitution of a simulation chain. This simulation chain is able to modelise the variability of activities which have a strong environmental impact. It integrates the physical, economic and lawful factors which can influence their progress. The whole developments associated with this study is articulated around two complementary axes :- a methodological axis devoted to formalization of a modelling environment based on the coupling of quantitative and qualitative models within a generic simulation platform ;- a thematic axis centered on the realization of a specific modelling application of intensive breeding progress in the department of Finistère (France). These two steps are concretized by the development of the platform "Dynamique des Activités HUmaines" (DAHU) and the "Module Activités Littorales" (MAL). The construction of simulator DAHU is based on the transcription of a complex environment in a model of reality based on the description of human activities progress in space and time. The "Module Activités Humaines" allows to test the methodology of modelling associated with platform DAHU. This application particulary shows that it is possible to simulate variability of practical spreading with reactives agents. The results obtained shows that the variability of spreading is closely related to legal framework evolution fixing the use of organic fertilizer, and with weather conditions changes observed at the intra-annual scale
Fanokoa, Pascaux Smala. "Dynamique des pratiques paysannes face à la déforestation de l'extrême sud de Madagascar." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS012S.
Full textIn the Androy region of southern Madagascar, farmers have been confronted with the questioning of their rights to priority access to natural resources and their agricultural practices are being evaluated. This situation is a confrontation between those promoting the protection and sustainable use of natural resources, and the farmers whose current livelihood practices depend on current extractive use. This necessitates that new practices are introduced to ensure that farmers social structures are redefined to maintain cohesion and meet livelihood needs. The Tandroy people are one of the many groups who develop based on their natural resources. An economic analysis of the productive systems within the landscape of androy is presented to provide insights into the features of the system. Two approaches are presented, firstly a socio-economic method to analyse the co-herence of the production system using natural habitat, and secondly, a socio-anthropological method to understand the position of the farmers and their strategies within their socio-cultural environment. This problem of unsustainable peasant practices is challenging to resolve and this study presents ways that a multidisciplinary approach, namely system dynamics can understand the evolution of interdependence of socioeconomic and ecological systems
Kadhel, Philippe. "Pesticides aux Antilles : impact sur la fonction de reproduction." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0212.
Full textReproductive function is known to be sensitive to the effects xenobiotics. The agricultural activies of the French West indies lead to a very hight rate of pesticide use. Individuals professionally exposed to pesticides are at risk. Moreover, the use of chlordecone in the past has caused persistent pollution of the natural environment and the contamination of food products. This raises questions and concerns regarding the potential effects on health in the population as a whole. We investigated, in Guadeloupe, the consequences of pesticide use for the fertility of individuals working on banana plantations. We stutied reproductive function in male ship rats from two ecosystems with different levels of pesticide pollution. We also stutied the level contamination of the population (agricultural workers, pregnant women and neonates) with chlordecone and other persistent pollutants. Finally, we evaluated the incidence of gynaecological cancers. The fertility of agricultural workers (sperm analyses and reproductive hormones) did not seem to be affected by the pesticides currently in use, and were not correlated with blood chlordecone concentration. Chlordecone was the persistent pollutant most frequently detected but concentrations were lower than those associated to toxic effects at Hopewel. The study of wild shpi rats showed the potential problems and limitation of the use of this model as a sentinel species. The incidence gynaecological cancers appears to be consistent with expectations, taking into account the socio-cultural, economic, ethno-geographic and health characteristics of Guadeloupe
Glandières, Anne. "Qualité et environnement : innovation de produit et dynamique organisationnelle dans l'alimentaire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/698/.
Full textGrowing environmental preoccupations and a rapid evolution in food consumption tendancies have led us to analyse the strict interdependance between farming and food production with regards to the natural environment. Environmentaly friendly food products are the result of modifications in production practices, that we consider to be a technological change within the farm, and thus add a social fonction to the food function, making these products highly specific. The major stake in developing these products will be to suceed in showing their economic and commercial value. From varius examples of organic or integrated products, we have made an attempt to list the quality conditions requiered for these products. These conditions are established through coordination between agents and quality agreements based on trust. But new technological changes in environmentally friendly farming practices are going to make production structures evolve because they necessitate individual and collective learning. This evolution can lead to new forms of business organizations in order to maintain the specificity of theses products to the end consumer. Observing varius examples allow us to suggest some ways to develop these products
Barron, Xavier. "Etude de la fertilité des sols de Gabia (Côte d'Ivoire) : étude de la dynamique de la matière organique du sol." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066760.
Full textArvor, Damien. "Etude par télédétection de la dynamique du soja et de l’impact des précipitations sur les productions au Mato Grosso (Brésil)." Rennes 2, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00422109/fr/.
Full textSince 2005, Mato Grosso became the first soybean producer State in Brazil. This evolution is the result of the progression of a pioneer frontier, which brought about undeniable positive socio-economic development but also high deforestation rates. The objective of this PhD is to contribute to a better knowledge of the interactions climate / society in Mato Grosso. More precisely, this work aims at determining the role of soybean dynamic as a driving force of the pioneer frontier, as well as evaluating the way rainfalls acts on the evolution of soybean territories. The analysis of these dynamics is carried out using classifications of temporal series of MODIS TERRA/EVI remotely sensed data. Our results indicate that the soybean agricultural expansion between 2000 and 2007 explains 12 % of the deforestation in Mato Grosso. In addition, 71 % of newly cultivated soybean fields in Mato Grosso are sewed in formerly deforested areas. Another important observation is that the agricultural sector is now initiating a new stage of development based on agricultural intensification: 46 % of the increase of agricultural production was obtained through changes in agricultural management practices. This is the consequence of the adoption of double cropping systems, which concern 30 % of the cultivated area in 2007 (against 6 % in 2000). We also show that agricultural intensification is affected by a strong spatial variability linked to the rainy season characteristics (annual rainfall, onset, end and duration of the rainy season). Those were computed using precipitation estimates from remotely sensed TRMM 3B42 products. Our results demonstrate a narrow relationship between intense rainy seasons and agricultural intensification
Desde 2005, o Mato Grosso transformou-se no maior Estado produtor de soja do Brasil. Essa evolução é a conseqüência do avanço de uma frente pioneira que trouwe um desenvolvimento socioeconômico certo, mas tambem resultou em altas taxas de desmatamento. Esta tese procura definir as interações clima / sociedade no Mato Grosso estudando o papel da dinâmica da soja como ator essencial da frente pioneira, além de avaliar a maneira pela qual as condições pluviométricas representam um fator importante, afetando a evolução dos territórios da soja. Essas dinâmicas são estudadas a partir de classificações de séries temporais de dados do sensor MODIS /EVI. Os resultados indicam que a expansão agrícola entre 2000 e 2007 explica 12% do desmatamento no Mato Grosso ; 71% das novas áreas de soja no Estado foram plantadas em talhões previamente desmatados. Atualmente, o setor agrícola matogrossense parece iniciar uma nova fase do seu desenvolvimento baseada na intensificação agrícola : 46% do aumento da produção agrícola é devido a mudanças nas práticas culturais. Isso é conseqüência da adoção generalizada dos sistemas safra-safrinha que representaram 30% das áreas agrícolas em 2007 (contra 6% em 2000). Essas mudanças são afetadas por uma forte variabiliadade espacial relacionada as condições pluviométricas (acúmulo anual de chuva, início, fim e duração da estação chuvosa), determinadas a partir das estimativas de precipitações dos produtos TRMM 3B42. Os resultados demonstram que as regiões caracterizadas por uma agricultura mais intensiva, são aquelas onde a estação chuvosa é a mais intensa, em volume e em duração
Books on the topic "Agriculture industrialisée – Aspect environnemental"
Agriculture et société: pistes pour la recherche (1993 : Paris), ed. Agricultures et société: Pistes pour la recherche. Paris: Association Descartes, 1993.
Find full textCleaver, Kevin M. Reversing the spiral: The population, agriculture, and environment nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1994.
Find full textSaporta, Isabelle. Le livre noir de l'agriculture : Comment on assassine nos paysans, notre santé et l'environnement. Hachette Pluriel Editions, 2012.
Find full textCrummey, Donald, James C. McCann, James McCann, and Donald E. Crummey. Farming and Famine: Landscape Vulnerability in Northeast Ethiopia, 1889-1991. University of Wisconsin Press, 2018.
Find full textFarming and Famine: Landscape Vulnerability in Northeast Ethiopia, 1889-1991. University of Wisconsin Press, 2018.
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