Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculture indoor'
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1
Mei, Song, Yifei Tong, Fengque Pei, Zhiyu Song, and Yifan Shao. "Research on High Precision Magnetic Positioning Technology Based on Facility Transport Platform." Actuators 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12010013.
Abstract:
With the continuous development of economic globalization, the research demand for intelligent agricultural machinery equipment in modern agriculture is increasing. This paper, which aims at the positioning problem of mobile robots in agriculture production, proposes a low-cost magnetic positioning scheme for cement ground. First, the analytical magnetic field model of ground magnets was established. Then, by comparing the analytic computing results, simulation results, and measured values, the modified model of magnetic fields was built and the relevant impact factors were calculated. After that, acquisition devices were used to collect the ground magnetic field data for the establishment of a magnetic field matching algorithm. Finally, the result showed that the positioning displacement error was ±1 mm, and the positioning accuracy was higher than the conventional indoor positioning method, which solved the problem of the low indoor positioning accuracy of agriculture mobile robots and contributes to the efficient production and modernization of agricultural machinery equipment.
2
Roy, Nazish, Chaerin Kim, Dongmin Lee, Seongeun Yang, Kyeong Yong Lee, Hyung Joo Yoon, Kwang-Sik Lee, and Kihyuck Choi. "Assessing potential impact of gut microbiome disruptions on the environmental stress resilience of indoor-reared Bombus terrestris." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (November 14, 2023): e0290848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290848.
Abstract:
Bumblebees are crucial for both natural ecosystems and agriculture, but their decline in distribution and abundance over the past decade is alarming. The global importance of bumblebees in natural ecosystems and agricultural food production cannot be overstated. However, the reported decline over the past decade has led to a surge of interest in understanding and addressing bumblebee population decline. Hence, we aimed to detect disruptions in the gut microbiome of male and worker bumblebees reared indoor and outdoor to assess potential resilience to environmental stress. Using the Illumina MiSeq platform for 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing, we analyzed the gut microbiome of male and worker bees that were raised indoors (designated as the IM and IW group) and those that were raised outdoors (also designated as the OM and OW group). Our results show presence of core bacteria Neisseriaceae, Orbaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae from indoor reared worker bees. However, a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium and absence of Fructobacillus from indoor reared worker bees was also observed. Indoor-reared male bees had lower diversity and fewer observed OTUs compared to outdoor-reared male bees. Additionally, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes was significantly lower in indoor-reared males, while Proteobacteria was significantly increased. Despite this, we did not observe any dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of indoor-reared bumblebees when comparing the role of the gut symbionts among the groups. These results suggest that indoor-reared Bombus terrestris may be resilient to environmental stress when used as outdoor pollinators.
3
Scapini, Rômulo, Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro, Eliandro Barbosa de Aguiar, and Alexandre Fernandes Santos. "HVAC PROJECT FOR INDOOR VERTICAL AGRICULTURE HVAC DESIGN FOR INDOOR GROWING ROOMS." Journal of Agricultural Sciences Research (2764-0973) 2, no. 12 (August 26, 2022): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.9732122223092.
4
Teng, Paul, and Jose Ma Luis Montesclaros. "Agricultural Transformation for Small (Island and Developing) States." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 20, no. 1 (2023): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2023.20.1.2.
Abstract:
Agriculture in the development literature has been postulated as providing impetus for urban industrialization through its role in capital accumulation. While large states with concomitant large export potential of agricultural surpluses may subscribe to this paradigm and may also allow growth of a rural agricultural sector in parallel with an urban industrial sector, small states find it difficult to use the agriculture sector as a springboard toward national economic growth by virtue of size limitations. Small states require alternate capitalization modalities to grow their economies, and some have sidelined agriculture in favor of urban activities, such as manufacturing, finance, banking, and tourism. It is plausible, based on demonstrated successes like Singapore, that structural transformation may take a path in which the agriculture sector is initially sacrificed in favor of more high value urban activities. Since its independence in 1965, Singapore made policy decisions to focus on developing its non-agriculture sectors such as finance, banking, and entrepôt trade. In 1983, the country even reduced its agricultural activities to less than one percent of land area located in six agrotechnology parks. Capital accumulation through the non-agriculture sectors proceeded to consequently make its GDP per capita one of the highest in the world. However, the country did a “U-turn” in the 2010s to re-invest in agriculture, but through high-tech farming, such as indoor plant factories, indoor aquaculture, and alternative (novel) proteins. The increased level of food self-production is strongly augmented by importing food from over 170 countries in diverse geographic regions, so as to confer supply resilience. This alternate development pathway, which emphasizes urban industrialization, may serve as a “leapfrogging” model for small cities and small developing states in a contemporary, technology-enabled landscape.
5
Dhuri, Prof Jayesh, Yateen Pradeep Kamble, Shreyas Shivram Dhamunse, Parth Santosh Amonkar, and Jeet Prakah Shah. "Indoor Farming Hydroponic Plant Grow Chamber 3 Layer: A Research." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 3610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50940.
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Abstract: The future of agriculture is indoor farming and gardening, which eliminates the need for large agricultural fields. Using intelligent grow chambers, which monitor and provide the plants with all the nutrients they need for healthy growth, gardening and farming are simple to accomplish and even better. So, utilizing a programmed hydroponic system, we have designed a three-layer indoor farming and gardening system. Without using soil, gardening is known as hydroponics. For an ideal grow environment, our system uses a sophisticated water supply and drainage system together with air flow and artificial sunshine. Our method would enable indoor organic food production in all weather conditions as and when necessary. By providing optimum plant conditions, the system offers a fully automated way to monitor and support plant development.
6
Langenfeld, Noah James, Daniel Fernandez Pinto, James E. Faust, Royal Heins, and Bruce Bugbee. "Principles of Nutrient and Water Management for Indoor Agriculture." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 10204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610204.
Abstract:
Mass balance principles are a cornerstone of efficient fertilizer use and can be utilized to optimize plant nutrition without discarding or leaching solution. Here, we describe the maintenance of closed hydroponic and soilless substrate systems based on mass balance. Water removed by transpiration is restored with solution that replaces the nutrients that were taken up with the water. The concentration of nutrients in this refill/irrigation solution is determined by multiplying the optimal concentration of each nutrient in plant tissue by the water-use efficiency (WUE; ratio of dry mass to water transpired). Optimal leaf nutrient concentrations are well established, but WUE in controlled environments varies widely and is less well characterized. Elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis and demand for nutrients, but partially closes stomata and reduces transpiration; so high CO2 dramatically increases WUE. The concentration of the refill/irrigation solution must be adjusted to account for a two-fold range of WUE, from 3 g L−1 in ambient CO2 in lower humidity, to 6 g L−1 in elevated CO2 in higher humidity. WUE and nutrient requirements vary during the vegetative and reproductive stages of growth, and adjustment of the solution over the lifecycle can be beneficial. Measurement of solution electrical conductivity (EC) is helpful, but if the solution is appropriate, low EC usually means healthy plants and active nutrient uptake. The ammonium to nitrate ratio is critical to pH management. We have applied these principles across multiple species and environments to achieve long-term, steady-state nutrient concentrations with no discharge or leaching of solution.
7
Vu, Duc Tu, Vu Thi Nghiem, Tran Quoc Tien, Nguyen Manh Hieu, Kieu Ngoc Minh, Hoang Vu, Seoyong Shin, and Ngoc Hai Vu. "Optimizing optical fiber daylighting system for indoor agriculture applications." Solar Energy 247 (November 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.10.015.
8
Negrello, Maicol. "Indoor urban agriculture: from innovative design experimentation to standardisation." TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, no. 27 (June 10, 2024): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/techne-15136.
Abstract:
The need to reconfigure current supply models to address future climate and demographic scenarios has driven researchers and investors to experiment with innovative production systems that have reconnected agricultural production to the point of consumption, namely cities. The technological acceleration of the past decade has led to the emergence of new urban architectures and metabolisms, often created within regulatory gaps and constraints arising from the obsolescence of zoning plans or building regulations. This paper outlines the state of the art of technological innovation and how, along with design, it has reshaped norms.
9
Hsu, Kuo Wei, and Shang Zhen Liao. "The Application of Economic Value Added on Green Facilities of Urban Agriculture." E3S Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185705001.
Abstract:
Green facilities of urban agriculture offer a fertile ground for green innovation, such as rooftop gardens, green curtains, and indoor plant growing, which create a new forms of urban farming economy. The previous studies for cost-benefit analysis of urban agriculture indicated that green facilities could contribute both quantitative and qualitative benefits. The value of green facility strategies of urban agriculture may often be underestimated without transforming qualitative benefits to quantitative benefits. This study examined the effects of green facilities of urban agriculture development in Taiwan. The market reaction was explored by adopting economic value added (EVA) technique for the measurement of both quantitative and qualitative value contributed by green facilities. The results from this study support that there exists interaction between qualitative factors such as indirect economic benefits and social psychological benefits and quantitative factors, agricultural production and energy saving impacted by green facilities. The study concluded that consumers of urban agricultural crops are willing to pay more for eco-friendly products. The establishment of relationship between urban agricultural production and consumption can contribute to sustainability while generating economic opportunities.
10
Abdullah, Meshal J., Zhengyang Zhang, and Kazuyo Matsubae. "Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 12553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212553.
Abstract:
The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are considered food secure due to their ability to import sufficient food to meet their populations’ demand, despite considerable environmental limitations to conventional agriculture. However, over-reliance on externally produced food leaves these countries vulnerable to food shortages during crises that disrupt international production and shipping. Advanced Controlled Environment Agriculture technology has the potential to improve food self-sufficiency by multiplying vegetable crop yields while optimizing efficiency of agricultural inputs and minimizing land requirements. This paper demonstrates how approximately 15 km2 of indoor farms or less than 0.1 km2 of vertical farms could reduce or eliminate the need to import six important vegetable crops in the State of Kuwait. If properly contextualized and supported by clear legislation and well-managed regulatory bodies, indoor agriculture initiatives may provide a pathway for GCC countries to reduce their dependence on imported foods and increase resilience to food supply disruption during disasters or conflict. This case study contextualizes the need for improved food self-sufficiency in light of vulnerabilities from regional and global threats, illuminates unique challenges faced by GCC countries considering adoption of the proposed technologies, and summarizes opportunities inherent in the current legal and policy framework.
11
B Mano, B Arthi, M Arthi, R Asha, and P Dhivya prabha. "Aeroponics vertical indoor farming." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 11, no. 2 (March 30, 2024): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0430.
Abstract:
Aeroponics vertical indoor farming is a farming that involves growing crops in layers that are piled vertically. Aeroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. Vertical indoor farming is climate controlled so it can be done year-round regardless of environmental challenges. Emerging problems of food security, urbanization, farmland shortage, food miles increased greenhouse gas emissions focus on the need for vertical farming physiological constraints that occur within hydroponic systems. Today, agriculture especially in India to concentrate in some situation such as how to increase the productivity and profit. This paper presents a methodology for developing the plants are submerged in a nutrient-rich mist solution. This study challenges is cultivating the plant by organic farming natural nutrition.
12
KIYAK, Ismail, Semih ASCI, Sercan KESKINTAS, Emre KOCAK, and Ahmet DIBIC. "Design and Analysis of LED-Based Artificial Plant-Growing Fixture for Vertical Indoor Farming Systems." Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 26 (December 30, 2023): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1411050.
Abstract:
The ability to perform photosynthesis with artificial lighting has eliminated the dependence on the sun in the agricultural industry. With the elimination of dependence on the sun, indoor plant production has been enabled by using artificial lighting in facilities such as vertical farming facilities. As a result of making soilless agriculture possible in vertical farming facilities, more organic and healthier plant production can be achieved as the plant is free from diseases and pests and therefore there is no need for pesticides. At the same time, thanks to the facilities to be established in city centers, the access process and cost of the plants grown will be reduced. In this study, the light needed for the growth of plants in the indoor vertical soilless agriculture facility was artificially designed using LED chips. In the luminaire(fixture) design, the wavelength and level of light can be adjusted according to the needs of plant growth periods. Comparative analyzes were made of the LED-based internal vertical luminaire design results carried out within the scope of the study and equivalent products used for the same purpose.
13
Madne, Prof A. N., Vazira Moon, Mohit Gautre, Sameer Selokar, Ashish Bhimte, Vaibhav Sayankar, and Kaustubh Watekar. "Auto Indoor Hydro Phonic Fodder Grow Chamber." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41216.
Abstract:
Abstract 1) Hydroponics is changing the agriculture industry slowly. the ability to grow indoor brings another dimension to agriculture. We have develop a mini fodder grow chamber, they aregrow a fodder within week, 2) A chamber maintain a temperature and moisture monitoring to ensure proper indoor growconditions for a good growth. 3) The system makes use of arduino controller and many more senser to control temperaturemoisture. 4) The system use the motor to ensure water level, pump motor and adjust water level motorssome types of motor are use for maintain water level in chamber. 5) 5 ) In chamber we use artificial sunlight is switched on and off as per use. 6) In this chamber water are circulate in water pump and also added a some nutrient in wateralso. And fan work at a maintain a surrounding atmospheric air.
14
Mihailović, Branko Miodrag, Katica Radosavljević, and Vesna Popović. "THE ROLE OF INDOOR SMART GARDENS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART AGRICULTURE IN URBAN AREAS." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 70, no. 2 (June 19, 2023): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.59267/ekopolj2302453m.
Abstract:
The increasing global population and urbanization have led to a growing interest in urban farming to provide sustainable food production. Indoor smart gardens, a new form of urban farming, have emerged as an innovative and technology-based solution to urban agriculture. This paper explores the role of indoor smart gardens in modern urban farming and their potential impact on food production, environmental sustainability, and human health. Consequently, comparison was used of traditional outdoor farming vs. indoor smart gardening. Also, a comparative study was conducted using the case study of two leading brands of indoor smart gardens: Aerogarden and Click & Grow. The research’s results show that smart gardens have significant potential to revolutionize urban farming practices and address the growing demand for food production in urban areas. Our review of the literature and case study showed that smart gardens can significantly increase food production, improve environmental sustainability, and enhance human health in urban areas.
15
Hati, Anirban Jyoti, and Rajiv Ranjan Singh. "Smart Indoor Farms: Leveraging Technological Advancements to Power a Sustainable Agricultural Revolution." AgriEngineering 3, no. 4 (October 6, 2021): 728–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3040047.
Abstract:
Conventional farming necessitates a large number of resources and infrastructure such as land, irrigation, manpower to manage farms, etc. Modern initiatives are required to automate conventional farms. Smart indoor farms offer the potential to remedy the shortfalls of conventional farms by providing a controlled, intelligent, and smart environment. This paper presents a three-dimensional perspective consisting of soilless farming, energy harvesting, and smart technologies, which could be considered as the three important characteristics of smart indoor farms. A six-layer smart indoor farms architecture has also been proposed, which explains how data are collected using various sensors and devices and then transmitted onto the cloud infrastructure for further analysis and control through various layers. Artificial lighting, smart nutrition management, and artificial climate control, to name a few, are some of the important requirements for smart indoor farms while considering control and service management factors. The major bottleneck in installing such systems is both the economical and the technical constraints. However, with the evolution of technology (and when they become widely available in the near future), a more favourable farming scenario may emerge. Furthermore, smart indoor farms could be viewed as a potential answer for meeting the demands of a sustainable agricultural revolution as we move closer to Agriculture 4.0. Finally, in order to adapt smart indoor farms and their study scope, our work has presented various research areas to potential researchers.
16
Zhao, Qingqing, and Ruoyu Wang. "Indoor Thermal Environment Test of Six Prism Terrace Greenhouse." E3S Web of Conferences 406 (2023): 04040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340604040.
Abstract:
Solar greenhouse occupies a large proportion of greenhouse types in China and is the most widely used agricultural facility in northern China. The application of solar greenhouse in agriculture is mainly to cultivate fruits, vegetables and flowers, and the bottom surface of greenhouse is mainly rectangular. So in this paper, based on regular hexagon, a greenhouse with hexagonal structure is designed, and a miniature model is constructed according to the scale. Then select some reasonable components and install them inside the structure for temperature test. By measuring the temperature inside the greenhouse at a fixed point, the temperature change inside the greenhouse in a day is obtained. Through the analysis of the longitudinal temperature comparison and the horizontal temperature field inside the greenhouse, the rationality of the structure model is verified.
17
Prawata, Albertus. "Creating Urban and Building Space for Agricultural Space Towards Sustainable Jakarta." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i2.2526.
Abstract:
Agricultural sector will be one of the many sectors affected by the rapid growing population in the cities. The agricultural crisis would lead to more dependence on imports for food. Another problem caused by the rapid growing population is the relocation of agriculture industries to the countryside. This will result inhigher price for food, air pollution, and traffic jam. Indoor controlled environment agriculture is one of the strategies that can help the city, so it can produce its own food and create sustainable lifestyle. This paper focuses on how to create Jakarta, one of the big cities in South East Asia, into a city based on agricultural system that can ensure food safety and make a sustainable urban lifestyle without damaging the environment. Also, it discusses the possibilities of converting the urban or building space into agricultural space, which can support the food production for the people of Jakarta.
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Umar, Syafril Rahmat, Nila Prasetya Aryani, Husni Zamani, Alfia Rayhan Nurjanah, and Rahayu Kurnia Sari. "Edukasi Pengaruh Pemberian Cahaya Lampu pada Proses Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai bagi Usaha Tani." Jurnal Bina Desa 4, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbd.v4i3.40520.
Abstract:
AbstrakLuas wilayah Desa Paudreso sebagian besar yaitu persawahan. Lahan pertanian sebagian besar ditanami tanaman cabai yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan Namun masalah hama dan cuaca buruk saat ini belum dapat diatasi dengan baik seiring perubahan iklim yang tidak menentu di Indonesia. Tentunya hal ini berpengaruh pada sektor pertanian. Oleh karena itu, diadakan edukasi dan penyuluhan tentang pertanian dalam ruangan (indoor farming). Edukasi dan penyuluhan dilaksanakan di kelompok tani Kulon Omah Desa Padureso dengan penyampaian materi tentang indoor farming khususnya pada tanaman cabai dengan media pencahayaan lampu LED warna merah, kuning, hijau, dan putih. Berdasarkan hasil riset yang telah dilakukan media pencahayaan yang baik untuk tanaman cabai yaitu lampu LED warna putih yaitu dengan pertumbuhan tinggi rata-rata sebesar 1,5 cm. Sedangkan pertumbuhan tinggi rata-rata terendah pada pencahayaan lampu LED hijau yaitu sebesar 0,59 cm. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka pencahayaan yang cocok diberikan pada tanaman cabai sebagai pengganti cahaya matahari yaitu lampu LED putih. Program ini telah berjalan dengan lancar dan peserta mengikuti kegiatan secara interaktif.AbstractThe area of Paudreso Village is mostly rice fields. Agricultural land is mostly planted with chili plants that have the potential to be developed but the problem of pests and bad weather at this time cannot be overcome properly as uncertain climate change in Indonesia. Of course this affects the agricultural sector. Therefore, education and counseling is held about agriculture indoor farming. Education and counseling is carried out in the Kulon Omah Farmers Group in Padureso Village with the delivery of material about indoor farming, especially on chili plants with red, yellow, green, and white LED lighting media. Based on the results of research that has been carried out good lighting media for chili plants, namely white LED lights with an average height growth of 1.5 cm. While the lowest average height growth in green LED lighting is 0.59 cm. Based on these results, suitable lighting is given to chili plants instead of sunlight, namely white LED lights. This program has been running smoothly and participants participated in interactive activities.Keywords: Agriculture; Chili; Education; LEDs; Plants
19
Shafie, A. M. M., A. Azlan, M. Z. Sariman, M. M. B. Mustafa, H. Sulaiman, and K. Fairuz. "Effect of various photoperiods towards lollo bionda growth using IoT based lighting control for indoor hydroponic farming system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012069.
Abstract:
Abstract Sustainable agriculture is actively developed to ensure food security which is a major threat to the world population in 2050 as projected by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The increasingly limited agricultural land nowadays makes indoor farming the best. Indoor farming is the method of growing crops in vertically stacked layers by implementing hydroponic and artificial light. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have been widely used to mimic sunlight for plant growth. However, every plant growth depends on the difference optimal value of light quality (light spectrums) and quantity (photoperiod). This study investigates the effect of light exposure on Lollo Bionda growth and determines which growing environment will provide optimum results in growing Lollo Bionda. This study conducted four types of experiments with different photoperiod treatments, namely T1 (no light exposure), T2 (24 hours), T3 (18 hours) and T4 (12 hours), with six replicates. The results show significant differences between each treatment mean. T2 provides the most significant result for all parameters compared to other treatments. In summary, light exposure helps in the productivity consistency in terms of weight, height and average leaf size of Lollo Bionda. This finding can be beneficial to the small-medium size entrepreneur.
20
Gudaj, Richard, Istvan Komlosi, and Endre Brydl. "Állat jóléti kérdések legeltetéskor." Gyepgazdálkodási Közlemények 8, no. 1-2 (October 27, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55725/gygk/2010/8/1-2/10259.
Abstract:
From the very beginning cattle was linked to the pastures and countryside. Development of the animal production and limited land resources pushed producers to keep cattle in places where they would be collected together. That solution helps to run breeding and husbandry procedures more efficiently. However, even with the support of genetics and management, modern agriculture faces problems related to indoor system. There is a dilemma among farmers to keep animals indoor or outdoor. In the following material attempt will be taken to analyse factors related to grazing and cattle welfare issues. This work will not only focus on Hungarian or European agriculture issues. Experiences and animal policies related to grazing cattle from different countries and regions of the world were also collected. Actions taken in one part of the world might be not applicable in another. However, it is still interesting to see how agricultural production affects nature resources and communities. There is the same background off all stories related to grazing cattle - sustainable development and particular lobby behind. Whether there is a farmer, holding, enterprise or animal welfare organisation. There is only a question if this is going to be more economical or ethical approach.
21
Lefers, Ryan M., Philip A. Davies, Nina V. Fedoroff, Nassar Almadhoun, Mark A. Tester, and TorOve Leiknes. "Proof of Concept: Pozzolan Bricks for Saline Water Evaporative Cooling in Controlled Environment Agriculture." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 6 (2018): 929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13013.
Abstract:
Abstract. Control of indoor temperature and humidity is of critical concern for controlled environment agriculture systems in hot, arid regions. Evaporative cooling is a technology utilized for energy-efficient cooling and humidification of these systems. However, the evaporative cooling process consumes considerable amounts of water, as much as 80-90% of the water footprint for indoor food production in these regions. The use of saline water in place of fresh water in evaporative cooling systems offers a potential solution for greatly improving the sustainability of these systems. However, the use of saline water in industry-standard cellulose pad systems can cause premature clogging of the porous medium, leading to system failure and the need for porous media replacement. A new evaporative cooling technology consisting of crushed pozzolan volcanic rock formed into porous bricks was evaluated for use in controlled environment agriculture systems using saline water. Two brick designs were tested for proof of concept cooling of commercial-scale greenhouses. Temperature-based cooling efficiencies of the bricks were achieved that are comparable to cellulose pads. In addition, the pozzolan-based bricks showed impressive resistance to saline water and harsh environments, requiring no replacement over the duration of the experimental trials. The integration of the pozzolan evaporative cooling systems using sea or brackish water with a water-saving growing technology, such as recirculating aquaponics or hydroponics, shows promise for reducing the fresh water footprint of food raised indoors in hot, dry environments by as much as 80%-90%. Keywords: Controlled environment, Evaporative cooling, Pozzolan, Salt, Water conservation.
22
Chavan, Sachin G., Zhong-Hua Chen, Oula Ghannoum, Christopher I. Cazzonelli, and David T. Tissue. "Current Technologies and Target Crops: A Review on Australian Protected Cropping." Crops 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2022): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops2020013.
Abstract:
Protected cropping offers a way to bolster food production in the face of climate change and deliver healthy food sustainably with fewer resources. However, to make this way of farming economically viable, we need to consider the status of protected cropping in the context of available technologies and corresponding target horticultural crops. This review outlines existing opportunities and challenges that must be addressed by ongoing research and innovation in this exciting but complex field in Australia. Indoor farm facilities are broadly categorised into the following three levels of technological advancement: low-, medium- and high-tech with corresponding challenges that require innovative solutions. Furthermore, limitations on indoor plant growth and protected cropping systems (e.g., high energy costs) have restricted the use of indoor agriculture to relatively few, high value crops. Hence, we need to develop new crop cultivars suitable for indoor agriculture that may differ from those required for open field production. In addition, protected cropping requires high start-up costs, expensive skilled labour, high energy consumption, and significant pest and disease management and quality control. Overall, protected cropping offers promising solutions for food security, while reducing the carbon footprint of food production. However, for indoor cropping production to have a substantial positive impact on global food security and nutritional security, the economical production of diverse crops will be essential.
23
Sulistyanto, M. Prayadi, and Ronny Dwi Agusulistyo. "Cultivation investigation of Brazilian Spinach through Indoor Hydroponic System." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2023): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijasst.v5i2.7030.
Abstract:
Agriculture is a vital sector for a nation's livelihood. However, in the near future, the agricultural sector faces various challenges, particularly related to environmental and cultural issues. In this era of digital transformation, technology plays a crucial role in the agricultural field. Research is conducted to control the quality of nutrition and water intake for hydroponic plants to ensure their healthy and high-quality growth. The controlled parameters for nutrition include pH and nutrient solution availability, while water intake involves temperature, acidity (pH), electrical conductivity, and nutrient dosage. These parameters are detected by pH sensors, temperature sensors, EC (electric conductivity) sensors, and controlled by microcontrollers. The sensor detection results control the pump operation, ensuring a continuous and quality water intake rate. The growth of Brazilian spinach plants under study is observed with water pH controlled at 6.5 – 7 and nutrient electrical conductivity at 2 – 2.1 ms/cm. Test results demonstrate that the growth of plants in the research growth medium and the comparison growth medium significantly improves, even though the growth is not uniform across all plants. Plants in the research growth medium exhibit significantly better growth compared to those in the comparison growth medium.
24
Rethnaraj, Jebakumar. "Future of Smart Farming Techniques: Significance of Urban Vertical Farming Systems Integrated with IoT and Machine Learning." Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 3 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000308.
Abstract:
World population in recent decades has significant impacts on the traditional agricultural systems which has resulted in increased demand for food, land use and deforestation, water scarcity, climate changes but not limited to these impacts. In order to overcome all these issues, there is a need for advanced farming technologies for growing the most demand food crops. Smart farming also known as precision agriculture has evolved which uses the advanced technology to optimize the efficiency and productivity of the farming operations. It involves the integration of various technologies such as IoT sensors, drones, robotics and machine learning technologies, big data analytics to gather data on crop growth, environmental conditions and weather patterns. Vertical framing (VF) is one such precision framing efficient crop growth practices which adapts the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) technologies in easier manner. Since, the vertical farming is completely an indoor farming technique, they do not depend on the particular geographical locations and outdoor growth parameters (like soil) for crop cultivation; hence, vertical farming is also known as controlled environment agriculture. This article explores the significance of different indoor vertical farming practices under controlled environment with the comparative analysis, efficiency, productivity, advantages and their potential benefits highlighting the need for sustainable agricultural practices that can meet the growing demand for food while minimizing the negative environmental impacts.
25
Bello, I. A., O. O. Ige, N. Kure, and A. H. Momoh. "ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION DOSE LEVEL AT KABBA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-599.
Abstract:
Background radiation involves the measure of the level of ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location. This research seek to generate data of the natural background radiation level of some selected Sections at Kabba College of Agriculture, using RadEye G20 survey meter. A total of 15 sections of the College were randomly selected and the background radiation dose rate of the sections were measured. The indoor dose rate ranged from (0.09 – 0.13) 𝜇Sv/yr, while the outdoor dose rate ranged from (0.07 - 0.10) 𝜇Sv/yr. The indoor annual effective dose were observed to be greater than the outdoor annual effective dose in all the College Sections measured. The lowest total annual effective dose 0.75 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟 was found at the Academic staff block. The highest total annual effective dose of 1.09 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟 was found at the livestock building, this might be due to the high-altitude nature of the area and the rocky materials used in the construction of the building. The highest total annual effective dose of the study area was slightly above the recommended limit of 1.0 𝑚𝑆𝑣/𝑦𝑟. The result obtained from this research may not constitute immediate health risk to the staff and student of the college
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Dimitri, Carolyn, and Anne Effland. "From farming to food systems: the evolution of US agricultural production and policy into the 21st century." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000522.
Abstract:
AbstractNearly two decades into the 21st century, we revisit the topic of changes in the US agricultural system. We focus on trends in structure, technology and policy, and on the increasing influence of consumer preferences on this system, particularly for organic agriculture and local and regional foods. We examine technological innovations in the 21st century, including biotechnology, precision agriculture and indoor farming. Within overall trends toward consolidation, we identify an increasing number of vegetable farms and greenhouse operations, accompanied by a decrease in average size of those operations. We note the shift away from price support toward greater reliance on risk management in farm policy, and also track the impact of food movement trends on recent farm bills. While farm bill policies continue to focus on conventional field crop agriculture, some trends—expanded crop insurance, conservation program support and spending on federal data collection, research and community-based grants, for example—have begun to incorporate the growing movement toward organic, local and regional food systems into the mainstream of US agricultural production and policy.
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Yerebakan, Mustafa Ozkan, and Boyi Hu. "Wearable Sensors Assess the Effects of Human–Robot Collaboration in Simulated Pollination." Sensors 24, no. 2 (January 17, 2024): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020577.
Abstract:
Pollination for indoor agriculture is hampered by environmental conditions, requiring farmers to pollinate manually. This increases the musculoskeletal illness risk of workers. A potential solution involves Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) using wearable sensor-based human motion tracking. However, the physical and biomechanical aspects of human interaction with an advanced and intelligent collaborative robot (cobot) during pollination remain unknown. This study explores the impact of HRC on upper body joint angles during pollination tasks and plant height. HRC generally resulted in a significant reduction in joint angles with flexion decreasing by an average of 32.6 degrees (p ≤ 0.001) for both shoulders and 30.5 degrees (p ≤ 0.001) for the elbows. In addition, shoulder rotation decreased by an average of 19.1 (p ≤ 0.001) degrees. However, HRC increased the left elbow supination by 28.3 degrees (p ≤ 0.001). The positive effects of HRC were reversed when the robot was unreliable (i.e., missed its target), but this effect was not applicable for the left elbow. The effect of plant height was limited with higher plant height increasing right shoulder rotation but decreasing right elbow pronation. These findings aim to shed light on both the benefits and challenges of HRC in agriculture, providing valuable insights before deploying cobots in indoor agricultural settings.
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Hadj Abdelkader, Oussama, Hadjer Bouzebiba, Danilo Pena, and António Pedro Aguiar. "Energy-Efficient IoT-Based Light Control System in Smart Indoor Agriculture." Sensors 23, no. 18 (September 5, 2023): 7670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187670.
Abstract:
Indoor agriculture is emerging as a promising approach for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of agri-food production processes. It is currently evolving from a small-scale horticultural practice to a large-scale industry as a response to the increasing demand. This led to the appearance of plant factories where agri-food production is automated and continuous and the plant environment is fully controlled. While plant factories improve the productivity and sustainability of the process, they suffer from high energy consumption and the difficulty of providing the ideal environment for plants. As a small step to address these limitations, in this article we propose to use internet of things (IoT) technologies and automatic control algorithms to construct an energy-efficient remote control architecture for grow lights monitoring in indoor farming. The proposed architecture consists of using a master–slave device configuration in which the slave devices are used to control the local light conditions in growth chambers while the master device is used to monitor the plant factory through wireless communication with the slave devices. The devices all together make a 6LoWPAN network in which the RPL protocol is used to manage data transfer. This allows for the precise and centralized control of the growth conditions and the real-time monitoring of plants. The proposed control architecture can be associated with a decision support system to improve yields and quality at low costs. The developed method is evaluated in emulation software (Contiki-NG v4.7),its scalability to the case of large-scale production facilities is tested, and the obtained results are presented and discussed. The proposed approach is promising in dealing with control, cost, and scalability issues and can contribute to making smart indoor agriculture more effective and sustainable.
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Ray, Partha Pratim. "Indoor Aeromycroflora at Institute of Agriculture Library (Visva-Bharati): A Study." SRELS Journal of Information Management 54, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17821/srels/2017/v54i1/92575.
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Penuela, Javier, Cécile Ben, Stepan Boldyrev, Laurent Gentzbittel, and Henni Ouerdane. "The indoor agriculture industry: A promising player in demand response services." Applied Energy 372 (October 2024): 123756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123756.
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Chen, Weibin, Xuejie Zhang, Jianxian Zhou, Haoran Zhang, Jianle Zhuang, Zhiguo Xia, Yingliang Liu, Maxim S. Molokeev, Gening Xie, and Bingfu Lei. "Glass-ceramics with thermally stable blue-red emission for high-power horticultural LED applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 12 (2020): 3996–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00061b.
Abstract:
As one of the key elements of indoor agriculture, horticultural light sources are developing rapidly towards requiring high energy density, high output power and high stability, which poses a challenge for traditional phosphor conversion devices.
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Lee, A.-Young, Seon-Ok Kim, and Sin-Ae Park. "Elementary School Students’ Needs and Preferences Regarding Urban Agriculture." HortTechnology 28, no. 6 (December 2018): 783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04150-18.
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate elementary school students’ needs and preferences regarding urban agriculture. In total, 1268 students in grades 4 to 6 at four elementary schools in Seoul, South Korea, participated in the study. A 21-item questionnaire was developed and distributed in each school by trained researchers for 3 weeks in Oct. 2017. More than 73.7% of the students reported having an awareness of and need for urban agriculture, and 86.8% (N = 1048) indicated their participation intention. Students noted needing urban agriculture for scientific inquiry and recommended including a learning activity in urban agriculture (35.4%, N = 400) for psychological stability and stress reduction (20.9%, N = 236), and for leisure and hobby purposes (16.2%, N = 183). Students reported participating in urban agriculture activities in indoor and outdoor spaces (33.8%, N = 423) for more than 30 minutes and less than 60 minutes (42.0%, N = 525) twice per week (40.2%, N = 501) with friends (72.9%, N = 818). Preferred urban agriculture indoor activities were planting plants (21.8%, N = 822), arranging flowers (20.9%, N = 788), and making craftwork using plants (18.9%, N = 714). Harvesting (20.8%, N = 790), watering (15.1%, N = 570), and planting transplants (13.1%, N = 493) were preferred outdoor activities. Other preferred activities included playing with livestock (22.4%, N = 884), cooking with the harvested crops (21.3%, N = 805), and feeding livestock (17.2%, N = 650). The female students demonstrated greater perception, experience, awareness of the necessity, and willingness to participate in urban agriculture compared with male students (P = 0.01). The lower the grade, the more students perceived the necessity of urban agriculture (P < 0.001). The results of this study can provide basic data for the practical development of urban agriculture programs for elementary school students.
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G, ATCHUTH. "IOT-Based Air Purifier with Quality Monitoring ." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 8, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33311.
Abstract:
The aim of this project is to develop an intelligent air purifier with quality monitoring capabilities to reduce indoor air pollution and mitigate health risks. With indoor air quality becoming a growing concern, especially in densely populated areas like India where a significant portion of the population is engaged in agriculture, there is a pressing need for innovative solutions. The "Design and Fabrication of Smart Air Purifier with Quality Monitoring" system is designed to address this need by minimizing indoor air pollution while enhancing monitoring accuracy and efficiency. The proposed system features a multipurpose autonomous air purifier equipped with quality monitoring sensors, controlled via an ESP module. Field tests demonstrate the system's successful operation, with the air purifier effectively removing pollutants while monitoring air quality parameters in real-time. Keywords: Smart Air Purifier, Quality Monitoring, ESP-Module, Indoor Air Pollution
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Harkare, Aarya, and Dr Rupesh C. Jaiswal. "Object Fetching UAV using Autonomous Flight and Object Detection Algorithms." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55692.
Abstract:
Abstract: Autonomous UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) are being used in various applications around the world like surveillance and aerial security, construction, agriculture, delivery, etc. These applications require heavy duty UAVs with high payload capacity and long battery life. The aim of this project is to use the principles of autonomous flight and object detection for indoor autonomous flight with the target to fetch and deliver lightweight objects with minimum energy and time consumption to create a viable prototype for indoor applications like delivering objects to bedridden patients, smart home applications, warehouse management and more.
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Shen, Yao. "Construction of a Wireless Sensing Network System for Leisure Agriculture for Cloud-Based Agricultural Internet of Things." Journal of Sensors 2021 (November 13, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3021771.
Abstract:
This paper provides an in-depth study and analysis of the construction of a cloud-based agricultural Internet of Things system for a wireless sensing network system for leisure agriculture. Using more mature agricultural sensor technology, compliant economy designed for indoor feeding and planting of distributed and integrated two sensor collection and transmission scheme, analysis of environmental factors selected high-performance various types of sensors and regulation equipment, between nodes based on SI4432 for wireless communication, and controller nodes selected STM32 as a microprocessor, through the W5500-based network port access module or ESP8266-based WiFi module for broadband access. In response to the development of mobile technology and the reality of diversified types of mobile terminals, to make all kinds of terminals accessible to the leisure agriculture system, the server software adopts the SOA software architecture, which makes the system have good openness and scalability. The NoSQL database MongoDB is used for the cloud storage of massive data, and the data structure design is completed after analyzing the database requirements, including collections, documents, and fields. The autosharding technology is used to build a database sharding cluster in the cloud, which realizes the high-speed cloud elastic storage of massive data and rewrites the database access object DAO to ensure that the WEB application is normal. Traditional leisure agriculture is mostly based on field tourism and agritourism methods, and the model is developing slowly and has increasingly failed to attract the interest of urban residents. The introduction of IoT technology in traditional leisure agriculture can increase the interest of leisure agriculture and improve the interest of urban residents in leisure agriculture.
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Akrami, Mohammad, Alaa H. Salah, Akbar A. Javadi, Hassan E. S. Fath, Matthew J. Hassanein, Raziyeh Farmani, Mahdieh Dibaj, and Abdelazim Negm. "Towards a Sustainable Greenhouse: Review of Trends and Emerging Practices in Analysing Greenhouse Ventilation Requirements to Sustain Maximum Agricultural Yield." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072794.
Abstract:
Cultivation in open fields mainly depends on the location and time of farming, which itself highly depends on the quality and quantity of water for irrigation, weather conditions and soil characteristics. Water resources are highly dependent on the limited freshwater resources from the groundwater system, or rainwater. Countries in MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) rely mostly on desalination technologies for agriculture, due to water scarcity. Therefore, greenhouse (GH) agriculture can be developed to succeed in dealing with the water scarcity and provide sufficient sources of agricultural products as a sustainable solution. These indoor agriculture facilities, which are enclosed by transparent covers, can produce different sources of fruits and vegetables, using a controlled amount of water. By reducing the exchange rate of air with the outside environment, which is known as the confinement effects, greenhouses generate a suitable environment for the plants to grow under transparent covers to trap the sunlight. This raises the inside temperature above the maximum threshold levels, especially within the warm season, due to the high solar radiation intensity, having an adverse influence on the microclimate conditions and consequently the crop growth. In order to sustain maximum agricultural yield, greenhouse ventilation is an important parameter in which its trends and emerging practices were reviewed in this study.
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van de Vlasakker, Paulien C. H., and Esther J. Veen. "Effects of High-Tech Urban Agriculture on Cooking and Eating in Dutch Nursing Homes." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 5379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135379.
Abstract:
Questions have arisen about the sustainability of the industrialised food system. Alternatives like urban agriculture have emerged to reduce the negative social, environmental and health impacts of industrial agriculture. Such new food supply chains can change the way that people acquire and process food. This study looks at high-tech indoor gardening practices in nursing homes for elderly people, studying four nursing homes in the Dutch city of Velp. We used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data, using site visits, a survey amongst employees, and semi-structured interviewees with residents and decision makers. Inspired by social practice theory, we aimed to understand the transformation of existing practices, investigating how the gardens affect cooking and eating practices, and how their constitutive elements of meaning, material and competences enable these transformations. Our work shows that the indoor gardens resulted in an integration of gardening and the resulting harvest into cooking practices, which in turn transformed residents’ eating practices. Appreciation of the taste of fresh vegetables and appearance of the meal decorated by fresh vegetables, as well as observing the growth of plants and their use, holds value for the elderly residents. Employees welcome the possibility to serve healthier meals. The integration of indoor gardens in existing cooking practices is more successful when employees have gardening and/or cooking competences, when they enjoy cooking and when they do not already cook with fresh ingredients. The gardens are more easily integrated when they are easily accessible. The materiality of the gardens does not require fully equipped kitchens.
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Shabbir, Syed Waqas, and Nazia Malik. "Agriculture Biomass and Indoor Air Pollution as Risk Factors for Women Health." Review of Education, Administration & LAW 4, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v4i2.141.
Abstract:
This research looks at the effects of biomass and air pollution on women's health. Respondents were surveyed using a multi-stage questionnaire. Data was collected purposively. a self-designed survey (72 items) was used to collect data Results show that a strong correlation was established between age and nonrespiratory diseases. The findings reveal that a positive relationship was found between age, respiratory disease, and non-respiratory diseases. It indicates that age predicts health-related among women. The study's findings show that the use of Agriculture Biomass (UAB), Indoor Air Pollution (IAP), Frequency of Usage (FU), Kitchen Type (KT), Kitchen Ventilation System (KVS), and Time Spent in Kitchen (TSK) have a significant impact on women's respiratory diseases (WRD), whereas the type of stove (ST) and exposure to smoke (ES) have no significant impact on women's health. Collectively, these variables predict up to 20% of respiratory diseases (Upper and lower respiratory infection, Cough, Lung cancer, Asthma, Throat irritation, Cough without phlegm) among women but predict 36.9% of non-respiratory diseases (Diminished vision, Eye irritation, Watering of eyes, Running of the nose, Cough/without phlegm, Hypertension, Stroke, Skin irritation/skin burn and Miscarriages, Stillbirth and Low birth weight) in women.
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McKeon-Bennett, Michelle M. P., and Trevor R. Hodkinson. "Sphagnum moss as a novel growth medium in sustainable indoor agriculture systems." Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 22 (August 2021): 100269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100269.
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K.C., Saban Kumar, and Sanjivan Satyal. "IoT Application in Agriculture: A Spotlight on Indoor Plant Monitoring System-IPMS." Kathford Journal of Engineering and Management 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kjem.v3i1.62887.
Abstract:
The incorporation of Internet of Things-IoT technology in agriculture has ushered in a transformative era, shifting from qualitative, experience-based practices to quantitative, datadriven methodologies in recent years. This paper delves into the world of IoT in agriculture, with a particular emphasis on Indoor Plant Monitoring Systems. This study investigated the practical implications of an IoT framework designed for indoor plant monitoring, to bridge the gap by focusing on improving data collection and visualization capabilities. A prototype-based approach was used, which included DHT11 sensors for temperature and humidity monitoring, a soilmoisture sensor, and a watering actuation subsystem. Succulent plants were chosen as resilient samples to test the IoT system's ability to capture and respond to critical parameters because of their capacity to endure changes in environmental conditions and flourish in arid environments. The DHT11 sensor results demonstrated the interconnected dynamics of temperature and humidity, providing the important insights into climate control strategies for optimal plant growth. The data from the soil moisture sensors, combined with manual interventions, demonstrated the IPMS's adaptability in maintaining favorable soil conditions. A point-biserial correlation analysis, in particular, revealed a strong negative correlation (−0.89) between moisture levels and water pump status, confirming the system's efficacy in automated watering. The IPMS demonstrated its effectiveness in leveraging real-time data for informed decison-making, paving the way for future enhancements and comprehensive plant health assessments.
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Rajkumar, P., and B. Vijay Bhaskar. "A Study on Recycling of Saw Dust and Pollution-Free Indian Railways." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i1.3140.
Abstract:
The Madurai Kamaraj University is situated in Madurai town, Tamil Nadu state, India is an urban area has geographical Location of Latitude 9.941418, Longitude 78.008896 and GPS Latitude coordinates - 9° 56’ 29. 1048 “N and Longitude 78° 0’ 32.0256 “E. The population in Madurai metropolitan town is around 14, 65,625 Lakhs (in 2011 census)-[Male-7, 33,821 Lakhs and female-7, 31,804 Lakhs]. The study of air pollution in this paper consist of two parts- One part deals with (1): The survey of Improved air quality dedicated to nation by Indian Rail Transport (98.5%), in outdoor air pollution control, which is done by a conversion process of electrification implemented in all rail tracks in India - and other part deals with (2): Indoor air pollution generated in a saw mill may be handled by best solid waste recycling process of – compost method for agricultural usage. This study of saw dust recycling is come under the Indoor air quality engineering .The Indoor air pollution is very important because the outdoor air pollution is lower than Indoor air pollution. Also, the outdoor air is a source of supply of air to indoor environment in a house/ Industry. In general, the saw mill generates more amount of saw dust per year. The solid waste of saw dust is disposed by open firing method, creates air pollution in local atmosphere and creates lot of health problems to working people inside and surrounding living people nearby saw mill in an urban area. The saw dust mixed with (cow + goat dung) is completely converted into natural fertilizer for agriculture. This study also focus on The Indian railway introduces electrification in rail track (except Rameshwaram) in several routes and ensure air pollution free zone that is zero percentage carbon emission zone.
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Seong, Joseph, Simone Valle de Souza, and H. Christopher Peterson. "Seeds of Industry Sustainability: Consumer Attitudes towards Indoor Agriculture Benefits versus Its Advanced Technology." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032369.
Abstract:
Indoor agriculture (IA) mitigates, to some extent, global problems such as increasing demand for food and limited natural resources. Though the potential benefits of IA as a sustainable agricultural production method are widely discussed, the success of the industry depends on consumer acceptance of IA innovative technology and their willingness to consume leafy greens produced under this technology. Using cluster analysis, four distinct groups of U.S. leafy green consumers were identified: “IA Skeptics”, “IA Open”, “IA Supportive”, and “IA Engaged”. A strong positive consumer cluster emerged with no evidence of an existing cluster of consumers who could be referred as “Knowledgeable Rejectors”, often found from the studies of consumer acceptance for novel food technologies. We concluded that, overall, U.S. leafy green consumers are ready to accept IA produce, but a significant number of consumers are yet to clearly decide on their attitude towards IA technology. Based on the evidence found from this study, we identified market opportunities for the IA industry with consumers of leafy greens given their broad willingness to consume IA produce and suggest marketing strategies to expand consumer awareness and acceptance of IA produce.
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Fitzner, Maria, Anna Fricke, Monika Schreiner, and Susanne Baldermann. "Utilization of Regional Natural Brines for the Indoor Cultivation of Salicornia europaea." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 12105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112105.
Abstract:
Scaling agriculture to the globally rising population demands new approaches for future crop production such as multilayer and multitrophic indoor farming. Moreover, there is a current trend towards sustainable local solutions for aquaculture and saline agriculture. In this context, halophytes are becoming increasingly important for research and the food industry. As Salicornia europaea is a highly salt-tolerant obligate halophyte that can be used as a food crop, indoor cultivation with saline water is of particular interest. Therefore, finding a sustainable alternative to the use of seawater in non-coastal regions is crucial. Our goal was to determine whether natural brines, which are widely distributed and often available in inland areas, provide an alternative water source for the cultivation of saline organisms. This case study investigated the potential use of natural brines for the production of S. europaea. In the control group, which reflects the optimal growth conditions, fresh weight was increased, but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups comparing natural brines with artificial sea water. A similar pattern was observed for carotenoids and chlorophylls. Individual components showed significant differences. However, within treatments, there were mostly no changes. In summary, we showed that the influence of the different chloride concentrations was higher than the salt composition. Moreover, nutrient-enriched natural brine was demonstrated to be a suitable alternative for cultivation of S. europaea in terms of yield and nutritional quality. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence for the future potential of natural brine waters for the further development of aquaculture systems and saline agriculture in inland regions.
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Bersani, Chiara, Ahmed Ouammi, Roberto Sacile, and Enrico Zero. "Model Predictive Control of Smart Greenhouses as the Path towards Near Zero Energy Consumption." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143647.
Abstract:
Modern agriculture represents an economic sector that can mainly benefit from technology innovation according to the principles suggested by Industry 4.0 for smart farming systems. Greenhouse industry is significantly becoming more and more technological and automatized to improve the quality and efficiency of crop production. Smart greenhouses are equipped with forefront IoT- and ICT-based monitoring and control systems. New remote sensors, devices, networking communication, and control strategies can make available real-time information about crop health, soil, temperature, humidity, and other indoor parameters. Energy efficiency plays a key role in this context, as a fundamental path towards sustainability of the production. This paper is a review of the precision and sustainable agriculture approaches focusing on the current advance technological solution to monitor, track, and control greenhouse systems to enhance production in a more sustainable way. Thus, we compared and analyzed traditional versus model predictive control methods with the aim to enhance indoor microclimate condition management under an energy-saving approach. We also reviewed applications of sustainable approaches to reach nearly zero energy consumption, while achieving nearly zero water and pesticide use.
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Yoganandham, Dr G. "Technological Transformation And Progress Of Agricultural Development In Gudiyattam Taluk – An Assessment." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 11, 2021): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2376.
Abstract:
The present day farming habitually employ trendy know-how such as automation, warmth and moisture sensors, aerial images, and GPS know-how. These highly developed devices and accuracy farming and mechanical structure permit business to be more money-making, competent, safer, and extra environmentally gracious. Contemporary farming knowledge is used to develop the wide types of production learn working by farmers. It is the basis of technological transformation. Advocating technology transfer should believe the various kinds of social capital as a choice policy alternative to the existing top down move towards in order to get better smallholder source of revenue. The key technological know-how modernization in the breathing space encompass paying attention about the areas such as indoor vertical farming, automation and robotics, livestock technology, modern greenhouse practices, precision agriculture and artificial intelligence, and block chain.
Contemporary agricultural practices use mechanized tools for irrigation, tilling and harvesting beside with hybrid seeds. In India, the cultivation know-how are labour intensive, whereas the contemporary agriculture equipment are mostly capital intensive. In this background, the researcher mainly concentrates on Technological Transformation and Progress of Agricultural Development in Gudiyattam Taluk of Vellore of Tamil Nadu in analytical perspectives.
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Martini, Bruno Guilherme, Gilson Augusto Helfer, Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa, Regina Célia Espinosa Modolo, Marcio Rosa da Silva, Rodrigo Marques de Figueiredo, André Sales Mendes, Luís Augusto Silva, and Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt. "IndoorPlant: A Model for Intelligent Services in Indoor Agriculture Based on Context Histories." Sensors 21, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051631.
Abstract:
The application of ubiquitous computing has increased in recent years, especially due to the development of technologies such as mobile computing, more accurate sensors, and specific protocols for the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the trends in this area of research is the use of context awareness. In agriculture, the context involves the environment, for example, the conditions found inside a greenhouse. Recently, a series of studies have proposed the use of sensors to monitor production and/or the use of cameras to obtain information about cultivation, providing data, reminders, and alerts to farmers. This article proposes a computational model for indoor agriculture called IndoorPlant. The model uses the analysis of context histories to provide intelligent generic services, such as predicting productivity, indicating problems that cultivation may suffer, and giving suggestions for improvements in greenhouse parameters. IndoorPlant was tested in three scenarios of the daily life of farmers with hydroponic production data that were obtained during seven months of cultivation of radicchio, lettuce, and arugula. Finally, the article presents the results obtained through intelligent services that use context histories. The scenarios used services to recommend improvements in cultivation, profiles and, finally, prediction of the cultivation time of radicchio, lettuce, and arugula using the partial least squares (PLS) regression technique. The prediction results were relevant since the following values were obtained: 0.96 (R2, coefficient of determination), 1.06 (RMSEC, square root of the mean square error of calibration), and 1.94 (RMSECV, square root of the mean square error of cross validation) for radicchio; 0.95 (R2), 1.37 (RMSEC), and 3.31 (RMSECV) for lettuce; 0.93 (R2), 1.10 (RMSEC), and 1.89 (RMSECV) for arugula. Eight farmers with different functions on the farm filled out a survey based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). The results showed 92% acceptance regarding utility and 98% acceptance for ease of use.
47
Ngo, Ha Quang Thinh, Van Ngoc Son Huynh, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, and Hung Nguyen. "Sustainable Agriculture: Stable Robust Control in Presence of Uncertainties for Multi-Functional Indoor Transportation of Farm Products." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110523.
Abstract:
Currently, integrated trends play a key role in every aspect of automation applications. In particular, if the mechanization of agriculture becomes a competitive factor among farmers or nations, then the multi-functional transportation of agricultural products is inevitable in global trade. In sustainable transportation, the challenge of overcoming stable control in harsh environments, such as through imprecise parameters or varying loads, should be addressed. In this paper, a novel controller for a nonholonomic mechanical system able to adapt to uncertainties is proposed. Based on the multi-functional autonomous carrier (MAC), the system configuration of the kinematic and dynamic model is launched in order to identify the unstable problems that arise when tracking the trajectory. To solve these troubles, the decoupled formation of a MAC system has been investigated by considering two second-order components, namely a linear speed-based sub-system and angular speed-based sub-system. To stabilize the whole system using the Lyapunov theory, the advanced control techniques are studied. To validate the proposed approach, a series of test scenarios have been carried out. From the superior performance of numerous trials, it is clear that our approach is effective, feasible, and reasonable for the advanced control of agricultural applications.
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Niu, Genhua, and Joseph Masabni. "Plant Production in Controlled Environments." Horticulturae 4, no. 4 (September 21, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040028.
Abstract:
Crop production in open fields is increasingly limited by weather extremes and water shortages, in addition to pests and soil-borne diseases. In order to increase crop yield, quality, and productivity, controlled environment agriculture (CEA) can play an important role as an alternative and supplemental production system to conventional open field production. CEA is any agricultural technology that enables growers to manipulate the growing environment for improved yield and quality. CEA production systems include high tunnels, greenhouses, and indoor vertical farming, as well as hydroponics and aquaponics. Currently, ‘low-tech’ CEA techniques such as high tunnels (plastic greenhouses with minimum or no cooling and heating) are primarily utilized in developing countries where labor costs are relatively low, and China has by far the largest area covered by high tunnels or ‘Chinese-style’ solar greenhouses. The most control-intensive ‘high-tech’ CEA approach, namely indoor vertical farming, has gained tremendous attention in the past decade by researchers and entrepreneurs around the world, owing to advancements in lighting technology, including use of light emitting diodes (LEDs), and increasing urbanization with new market opportunities. This special issue covers some of the CEA topics such as LED lighting, substrate, and hydroponics.
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Xie, Xiulan, Hao Cheng, Chenyang Hou, and Maozhi Ren. "Integration of Light and Auxin Signaling in Shade Plants: From Mechanisms to Opportunities in Urban Agriculture." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 3422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073422.
Abstract:
With intensification of urbanization throughout the world, food security is being threatened by the population surge, frequent occurrence of extreme climate events, limited area of available cultivated land, insufficient utilization of urban space, and other factors. Determining the means by which high-yielding and high-quality crops can be produced in a limited space is an urgent priority for plant scientists. Dense planting, vertical production, and indoor cultivation are effective ways to make full use of space and improve the crop yield. The results of physiological and molecular analyses of the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that the plant response to shade is the key to regulating the plant response to changes in light intensity and quality by integrating light and auxin signals. In this study, we have summarized the major molecular mechanisms of shade avoidance and shade tolerance in plants. In addition, the biotechnological strategies of enhancing plant shade tolerance are discussed. More importantly, cultivating crop varieties with strong shade tolerance could provide effective strategies for dense planting, vertical production, and indoor cultivation in urban agriculture in the future.
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H. Parthasarathi, Patra, Sridhar Gandatti, and Shaik Lateefa. "A novel approach to smart autonomous monitoring of indoor plant health based on leaf color." i-manager’s Journal on Image Processing 10, no. 4 (2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jip.10.4.20289.
Abstract:
Automation of technology is being implemented in various fields, including deep space research and the automobile industry. However, the real necessity for automation is identified in the agricultural sector. Therefore, this paper focuses on addressing this requirement and is primarily concerned with automating the determination of a plant's health based on the color content present in any one of its leaves, while simultaneously monitoring it. A plant's leaf is examined, and the algorithm makes the decision of whether to provide water and light whenever there is a notable change in the leaf's color. The automation of watering and lighting is explained in detail in the proposed methodology. This paper explores the vital role of automation in agriculture, focusing on using color analysis of plant leaves to automate health assessment. The algorithm used monitors and responds to color changes, enabling informed decisions on water and light provision for optimal plant growth.