Academic literature on the topic 'Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics"
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Septiadi, Dudi, Tajidan Tajidan, and Wizatul Ika Wulandari. "TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN SEMI-ORGANIK PADA USAHATANI PADI: SUATU TINJAUAN DARI PERSPEKTIF ANALISIS INCREMENTAL BENEFIT-COST RATIO." AGROTEKSOS 33, no. 1 (June 11, 2023): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v33i1.826.
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The evaluation of the viability of agriculture through the analysis of the R/C ratio is consideredinappropriate in the application of new technology. The analysis tool that is considered adequate is theincremental benefit-cost ratio (IBCR). The objective of the research was to determine the effect of theapplication of semi-organic agricultural technology on production and to research objective was todetermine the effect of semi-organic agricultural technology on production and achieve the researchobjectives, the research was carried out in 40 rice farming units in Pringgasela district, East LombokRegency. The survey was conducted in rice farms applying semi-organic agriculture technology andfarms applying non-organic agriculture technology during the planting season of 2022. In each group offarmers, there are 20 units of rice farming applied semi-organic technology, and 20 units applied semiorganic technology. Sampling used a quota sampling technique and data were analyzed using IBCR. Theresults showed that the application of semi-organic technology in rice farming had a negative impact onrice production and was not economical (not feasible) to be applied to rice farming in the tropics with anIBCR value of <1.00, due to the application of semi-organic agricultural technology to rice farmingnegative impact on rice production, as well as providing lower economic benefits compared to nonorganic farming technologies.
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Adhikari, Raj K. "Economics Of Organic Rice Production." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 12 (February 5, 2013): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7569.
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Interest on organic agriculture is growing gradually in Nepal and the development interventions are concentrated more on technology generation and extension. But analysis on its economic aspect is lacking far behind. In order to know the economic performance of organic farming in general and that of organic rice production in particular, a survey research was carried out in Chitwan in 2010. From the study, the average productivity of organic rice production was found 3.15 Mt/ha which is consistent higher than national average. Among the factor cost, labor cost was found to contribute highest in total cost of production while poultry manure cost, human labor cost and oil cake cast were found to be significant factors at (P value < 0.05) to contribute in total revenue. The B:C ratio of organic rice production was found to be 1.15. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 97-103 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7569
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Lv, Yan Hang, and Rui Zhang. "Ecological Agriculture Technology in Urban Agriculture." Advanced Materials Research 224 (April 2011): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.224.38.
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Farming in city is the most significant practice of Urban Agriculture with important social and economic impact. It constructs a stable and sustainable eco-recycling system, utilizing daily waste for crops irrigation, livestock breeding and energy production. And these ecological technologies will be discussed about ecological characters, scientific principles and operation steps, to present the artificial agro-ecosystem efficiently in limited space.
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Győrffy, Béla. "From Organic to Precision Farming (Contemporary Publication)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 9 (December 10, 2002): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/9/3565.
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The paper presents a short review of the different types of farming systems:Biofarming, Organic farming, Alternatíve farming, Biodynamic farming, Low input sustainable agriculture (LISA)Mid-tech farming, Sustainable agriculture, Soil conservation farming, No till farming, Environmentally sound, Environmentally friendly, Diversity farmingCrop production system, Integrated pest management (IPM), Integrated farming, High-tech farmingSite specific production (SSP), Site specific technology (SST), Spatial variable technology, Satellite farming.Precision farmingIt concludes that the various systems are applicable in different ratios and combinations depending on the natural and economic conditions.The author predicts an increase in precision technologies , the first step being the construction of yield maps compared with soil maps and their agronomic analysis. Based on this information, it will be necessary to elaborate the variable technology within the field, especially for plant density, fertilization and weed control.The changes in weed flora during the past fifty years based on 10.000 samples within the same fields using the weed cover method are presented.
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Koutsos, Thomas, and Georgios Menexes. "Economic, Agronomic, and Environmental Benefits From the Adoption of Precision Agriculture Technologies." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2019010103.
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Precision agriculture (PA) as an integrated information- and production-based farming system is designed to delivery high-end technology solutions to increase farm production efficiency and profitability while minimizing environmental impacts on the ecosystems and the environment. PA technologies are technology innovations that incorporate recent advances in modern agriculture providing evidence for lower production costs, increased farming efficiency and reduced impacts. However, the adoption of the precision agriculture technologies has encountered difficulties such as additional application or management costs and investment on new equipment and trained employees. Some of these PA technologies were proven efficient, providing tangible benefits with lower costs and as a result they quickly gained scientific interest. To investigate further the economic, agronomic, and environmental benefits from the adoption of PA technologies a systematic review was conducted, based on the systematic search and evaluation of related eligible articles.
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HONCHARUK, INNA, Galyna MAZUR, and Liudmyla NOVYTSKA. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON THE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC COMPONENT OF AGRICULTURE." 3, no. 3(61) (December 23, 2022): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2022-3-7.
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The development of ecologically safe rural production is currently one of the most promising areas of the agricultural sector. This necessitates the study of areas of greening of agricultural development, which aims to reduce the negative impact on the environment, improve the quality of agricultural products, compliance with environmental requirements in the process of its production. The article outlines the author’s concept of greening of agricultural production. It is substantiated that in order to ensure and develop the greening of agricultural production in Ukraine, there is an objective need to introduce digital technologies. This primarily applies to the transition of domestic farmers to precision of farming technology. The article is devoted to revealing the potential of precision farming technologies in crop production as a leading branch of agricultural production, the most important source of human food resources. The strategy of using precision farming technologies is aimed at maximally attracting and using various information to develop timely and effective agro-technological solutions, their optimization in relation to specific soil-climatic and economic conditions of agricultural enterprises, differentiated implementation of basic technological operations within the field to achieve maximum quantitative and qualitative indicators. The paper identifies the prerequisites that determine the choice of precision farming technologies, which are grouped into three groups: socio-economic, technical-technological, environmental. On the basis of the conducted analysis the estimation of application of digital technologies at the agricultural enterprises in the modern period is made. It is explained the need to increase the level of digitalization, which will provide an opportunity to use the latest advances in information technology. The examples of introduction of digital technologies in large domestic agricultural holdings are given. Economic calculations of the introduction of certain digital technologies into the production activities of the Uladovo-Lyulinetskaya Research and Selection Station have been carried out, which makes it possible to objectively assess the prospects for the practical use of precision farming technologies. The economic and ecological advantages of digital agriculture in the context of ensuring the greening of agricultural production are established. The factors that slow down the introduction of digital farming technologies in the activities of agricultural enterprises have been identified. Keywords: agriculture, agricultural production, crop production, digital technologies, digital agriculture, greening
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Kaur, Simerjit, and Bhavin Dewan. "Hydroponics: A Review on Revolutionary Technology for Sustainable Agriculture." Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research 10, no. 4 (August 9, 2023): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4270.
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India's economy heavily relies on agriculture, with the majority of the population depending on it for sustenance and livelihood. However, the rapid development of regions has resulted in severe issues affecting soil quality and cultivation practices. Additionally, factors such as natural disasters, climate change, and excessive use of chemicals have further deteriorated soil fertility. The scarcity of usable water for agriculture exacerbates the problem, leading to reduced food production and widespread hunger and malnutrition. Consequently, there is a critical need to embrace agricultural technologies that can conserve water, enhance food production, and ensure its availability. “Hydroponics” is one such methodology that can be adapted to counter all these problems. Hydroponic cultivation generally yields higher-quality produce with superior taste and nutritional value compared to traditional soil-based farming methods. Hydroponics offers numerous advantages compared to conventional soil-based crop cultivation. These benefits include shorter crop growing cycles, year-round production, reduced susceptibility to diseases and pests, and the elimination of labour-intensive intercultural tasks such as weeding, spraying, and watering. In the future, hydroponics has the potential to emerge as a prominent method for supplying food to the global population.
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Takácsné György, Katalin. "Economic aspects of an agricultural innovation – precision crop production." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2012): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/6.
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Innovation in agriculture ensures the wide-spread use of the latest, up-to-date technology. Such new technology is precision farming in crop production, which serves as a validation of the criteria of environmental and economic sustainability. The economic applicability of precision crop production depends on several factors.Among them the following aspects must be emphasized: the size of the farm, the characteristics of the production structure, the current input-output prices and their tendencies, the investment needed for transitioning to precision technology and its capital source, the level of professional knowledge and the managerial attitudes of the farm. I have examined the economic relations between potential savings in chemicals on EU level. It has been found that after switching to precision farming, the active ingredient use for fertilizers can be reduced by 340 thousand tons at the same expected yield level in an optimistic scenario in the EU-27, while the savings in pesticide use can be 30 thousand tons (calculating with the current dose-level). If approximately 30% of the crop producing and mixed farms over 16 ESU adopt this new technology, this will diminish environmental loads by up to 10-35%. The majority of farms characterized by greater output and size can be based on their own equipment but it might as well be presumed that smaller farms can turn to precision farming not based on their own investment. They can buy the technical service from providers, they can establish producer cooperation, for example in the frame of machinery rings. At a certain farm size and farming intensity precision crop production is a real, environmentally friendly farming strategy, with the help of which the farm can reach earnings that cover at least the economic conditions of simple reproduction.
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Marjudi, Suziyanti, Roziyani Setik, Mohamad Aizi Salamat, and Muhammad Fahruddin Irfan Yusfaidir. "The Design and Development of Smart Agriculture Data Analytics." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0123_10.
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Agriculture is on the verge of entering the Smart Farming era, in which farming operations will become digitalized and data-driven, allowing for better decision support, smart analytics, and forecasting. Farming is the most diverse economic sector and is critical to a country's overall economic development. The Internet of Things (IoT) can potentially optimize agriculture and farming sector activities by reducing manpower through technology. Forecasts are central to most agricultural and agricultural-related operations. Smart Agriculture Data Analytics (SADA) was developed to address this issue. SADA is an embedded system with two components: data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT in SADA also assists farmers in collecting data and learning more about the appropriate soil PH scale, fertilizer dataset, air humidity, and temperature. A prototyping model is used in software development. The farmer can provide real-time feedback, request project changes, and update model specifications. SADA will help farmers understand the trend of analytics crop production, allowing them to increase yield
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Sabirin, Nurul Hanis Azrin, Noor Fadzlina Mohd Fadhil, and Juliana Arifin. "Information Technology (IT) in Agriculture Sector: Issues and Challenges." Social & Management Research Journal 19, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/smrj.v19i2.19307.
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Agriculture is the backbone of food production in every nation and the central element in economic development. Rapid changes in information technology (IT) have promised substantial potential benefits in return, especially for developing countries. The success of IT applications in agriculture is widely reported in numerous previous studies. Regardless of its success, the transformation has brought many issues and challenges for farming businesses. Thus, this article aimed to review the major issues and challenges of IT usage and how technology resources can address the needs of demand for food production. The findings reveal three main themes of issues and challenges, which are infrastructure, people, and organisation. Due to these issues, there is a greater need for changes in IT resources in agriculture to meet the food demand for the rapid growth of the population by the year 2050. A systematic review using existing literature has been used in writing this article.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics"
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Kalkan, Almina, and Johanna Wiss. "Alleviating poverty with new technology? : A field study of the implications of a new agriculture production methodin Zambia and the factors affecting its adoption." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Economics and Economic History, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54685.
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New technology and new innovations have for long been considered as a spring for growth. Conservation farming (CF) is a new production method introduced in rural Zambia and previous research shows that it increases yields and improves soil fertility. Even though the method is proven more efficient than conventional agriculture, only approximately 10 % of Zambia’s farmers have adopted the method. The purpose of this study is to discuss the implications of the introduction of CF on the capabilities of farmers and on economic growth. Furthermore, the study aims to explore why CF, which is proven to be more economically efficient than the conventional method, is not adopted to a larger extent in Zambia.
A qualitative study of 25 farmers, farming with either CF or conventional methods, was performed in the region of Mumbwa, Zambia. The results were divided depending on whether the farmers were using the new method or not. To analyze the selected material theories were chosen that regard economic growth and technological change, the adoption process of new innovations, incentive creation and the expansion of capabilities.
The two groups showed differences in age, the size of their land, how many crops they grew and to what extent they were working for others or hiring labor. The conclusion from the small sample of farmers is that the farmers using CF had been able to expand their capabilities in different ways. They had food for all the year, the new method allowed them to plan their time better and it was more environmentally sustainable than the old method. The negative aspect of CF is that it is not compatible with the old method in terms of social norms. CF leads to a more efficient use of capital and labor and therefore it can increase the economic growth. In terms of a new innovation, CF seems to have a relative advantage over the old method but it must be spread to a larger group of farmers to reach a breakthrough. To create a higher adoption rate of the method the farmers’ perception must be taken into account.
Minor Field Study (Sida)
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Turner, Steven Dale. "Improving production agriculture efficiencies and profitability through the development of new planting technologies." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14045.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Arlo Biere
With a large portion of U.S. farm production expenditures related to the cost of fertilizer, seed, and chemicals, producers within the Corn Belt region are looking for new methods and/or planting processes that would deliver higher levels of production efficiencies and lower operating costs. Specifically within the planting operation, Corn Belt producers are faced with the challenge to better manage the higher cost of crop inputs in order to sustain profitability. The primary objective of this thesis is to examine new planting technologies that would better manage planting applications while directly lowering related input costs. Another objective is to understand through regression analysis how various planting variables affect yield potential. Results from the regression analysis illustrate how the various planting variables affect yield and show the importance of “realtime” planter management, advancements possible only with the new planter technology. Customer surveys and several on-site customer visits were conducted throughout the Corn Belt to better understand the actual needs of producers for new planting technologies. Throughout the customer visits, specific questions about the producers’ planting operation were asked to find new ways for precision technology to help increase overall productivity and ultimately profitability. Producer comments and feedback were analyzed through Quality Functional Deployment (QFD) practices and aligned into product development programs. The products developed from the customer research will help producers in the Corn Belt to reduce corn production inefficiencies and, potentially, increase profit margins, assuming profit levels remain steady and/or increase in lieu of reduced input costs.Farm level net present value (NPV) analyses of new planting technologies were performed. Corresponding yield data from efficiencies gained in seed corn placement and control during “real-time” planting applications were integrated into the NPV analyses along with the precision technology costs. The NPV results were positive.
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Figg, Jennifer E. "Expanding Eco-Visualization: Sculpting Corn Production." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4028.
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This dissertation expands upon the definition of eco-visualization artwork. EV was originally defined in 2006 by Tiffany Holmes as a way to display the real time consumption statistics of key environmental resources for the goal of promoting ecological literacy. I assert that the final forms of EV artworks are not necessarily dependent on technology, and can differ in terms of media used, in that they can be sculptural, video-based, or static two-dimensional forms that communicate interpreted environmental information. There are two main categories of EV: one that is predominantly screen-based and another that employs a variety of modes of representation to visualize environmental information.
EVs are political acts, situated in a charged climate of rising awareness, operating within the context of environmentalism and sustainability. I discuss a variety of EV works within the frame of ecopsychology, including EcoArtTech’s Eclipse and Keith Deverell’s Building Run; Andrea Polli’s Cloud Car and Particle Falls; Nathalie Miebach’s series, The Sandy Rides; and Natalie Jeremijenko’s Mussel Choir.
The range of EV works provided models for my creative project, Sculpting Corn Production, and a foundation from which I developed a creative methodology. Working to defeat my experience of solastalgia, Sculpting Corn Production is a series of discrete paper sculptures focusing on American industrial corn farming. This EV also functions as a way for me to understand our devastated monoculture landscapes and the politics, economics, and related areas of ecology of our food production.
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Hendriks, Joseph. "An analysis of precision agriculture in the South African summer grain producing areas / Hendriks J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7318.
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Both globally and locally, agriculture faces ever increasing challenges such as high input costs, strict environmental laws, decrease in land for cultivation and an increase in demand due to the growing global population. Profitability and sustainability requires more effective production systems. Precision agriculture is identified as such a system and is built upon a system approach that aims to restructure the total system of agriculture towards low input, high efficiency and sustainable agriculture.
The aim of this study was to analyse the state of precision agriculture in the summer grain producing areas of South Africa, specifically the North West and Free State provinces. In order to achieve this, a literature study was conducted. During the literature study the term ‘precision agriculture’ was defined and discussed. The precision agriculture cycle and its components were explained and benefits of precision agriculture were identified. The literature study was concluded with identifying and discussing the most widely used and most beneficial technologies as well as reasons for slow adoption.
Findings from the literature study were used to investigate the state of precision agriculture locally. In order to achieve this, a quantitative approach was used and information was collected by means of an empirical study using a questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to farmers using selling agents of an agricultural company that is well represented in the targeted areas. The data was then statistically analysed.
The survey showed that only 52% of summer grain producing farmers in the North West and Free State provinces of South Africa practises precision agriculture as defined in the
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literature study. The study also revealed that the majority of precision agriculture farmers are over the age of 40, have more than 16 years of farming experience, are well educated, cultivate more than 1,000 hectares and uses none or little irrigation. The most commonly used precision agriculture technologies were grid soil sampling and yield monitors. The perception among most of the farmers was that precision technologies are not very affordable, not easily available and that it lacks proper testing with regards to efficiency. The group of summer grain–producing farmers that have correctly implemented precision agriculture as per definition stated that the benefits they derived from precision technologies include reduction in input costs, increased outputs and improved management skills. Too high implementation costs and technologies not providing enough benefits were among the main reasons farmers do not implement precision agriculture.
It was concluded that a significant effort and amount of work is needed to increase the use of precision agriculture among summer grain–producing farmers in the targeted areas. A consolidated effort from government, agricultural institutions and agricultural companies will be needed to achieve this goal. Implementing precision agriculture as a system will require education (from primary to tertiary institutions) and improved marketing strategies. Only then will precision technologies be able to help meet the future demands placed on the agriculture sector.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Sotak, Michael Alan II. "ALLY OR ANTAGONIST? BANKING AND ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN AGRICULTURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406910957.
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Nguyen, Duc Kien. "Farming in Changing Production Conditions: Agricultural Technology, Climate Change and Adaptation in Vietnam." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17245.
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In an era when enormous challenges to food security are imposed on humanity through phenomena such as global climate change, it is important to understand how farming households adapt and respond to a changing production environment. This thesis consists of three empirical studies with a special focus on rural farming households in Vietnam. The first study investigates the pattern and determinants of the use of four agricultural practices – new rice seed varieties, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and mechanisation – in small-scale rice farming. Using a long panel dataset, the study applied a two-stage estimation strategy to determine how and to what extent the changes in agricultural technology have been affected by various factors. The second study examines the changes in climatological variables since 1975 using a comprehensive dataset for a relatively long time period (1975 to 2014) and a high density of climatic records. It first combines statistical methods with geostatistical techniques to graphically represent the distribution of climate patterns, identifying variations and trends and linking to rice production throughout the country. The third study investigates whether or not farmers have altered their farming strategies over time in response to pronounced changes in the climate. Since farmers’ decisions to use certain farming techniques are inherently dynamic, I estimated a dynamic random-effects probit model, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and state dependence. Vietnamese farmers have been operating their farms under a continuously transforming policy environment. However, new challenges are emerging and their impacts on agricultural production have been increasingly pronounced. The findings and policy implications drawn from these studies will be useful in enhancing farmers’ adaptive capacity in fast changing production conditions.
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Ahmed, Allam El Nour Osman. "Internal technology transfer in the Sudan : the dichotomy between agricultural research and agricultural practice." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2000. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1051806.
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Sudan is the largest country in Africa and boasts the largest farm in the world. Sudan is a predominately agricultural economy; agriculture employs more than eighty percent of the country's labour force and its industry. The national agricultural research institutions are charged with the key responsibility of implementing sustainable agricultural growth and development in Sudan. By adoption of demonstrable benefit farms, the research institutions view their contribution as providing improvements to traditional Sudanese practices rather than focusing on developing new techniques. Any research institution must have methodsof improving farming practices and the pertinent test of their relevance is improved management practices. Crop productivity is extremely low and does not exceed thirty percent of the level attained in research or demonstration fields; the difficult economic position of the country has adversely affected the activities of the agricultural research institutions; technology generation is greatly hampered; the extension service is fragmented and its efforts are conned to a small number of farmers; the research institutions are weakened due to frequent staff turnover, lack of continuity in the research agenda and inadequacies in management and hence their impact is limited. The main purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the implementation capacity constraints which exist in formal agricultural research and the impact this has on thedevelopment of the agricultural sector of the Sudanese economy. The study also attempts to provide a better understanding of the relationships between low productivity in Sudan and the determinants of this. The data for this research were obtained from a field survey carried out in 1999. In the survey, a total of 120 farmers from the Gezira Scheme, 84 researchers from the Agricultural Research Corporation, 33 academic staff from the Gezira University as well as extensionists from the Central State were successfully interviewed. The research explores various aspects of the internal technology transfer system and the productivity gap in traditional agriculture. A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature on technology transfer has been conducted in the study. It is obvious that economic analysis alone will not provide a satisfactory solution to the type of problems investigated in the study as these issues and problems also have political and socio-cultural dimensions. Therefore, the proposed solutions simply seek to change the behaviours of both individuals and institutions. To do this it is necessary to recognise all the dimensions of the technology transfer problem. This study provides insights into the influence of demographic, socio-economic, cultural, technical and decision-making factors on technology transfer and productivity in Sudan. The thesis concludes with discussion of key policy implications and areas for further research. The findings of this research should assist in guiding planners and policy-makers in improving the internal technology transfer system and perhaps in enabling agricultural productivity to improve in the Sudan.
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Ho, Thong Quoc. "Economic analysis of sustainable coffee production in Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119700/2/Thong_Ho_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis presents an economic analysis of sustainable coffee production in Vietnam. It examines economic and environmental performance of different coffee-farming systems, including coffee mono-crop versus diversified systems and sustainability certified versus non-certified farm groups. Results show that diversifying to perennial crops helps improving economic and environmental performance. Certified coffee farms perform better than non-certified farms but there is a convergence of the two groups over time. Farms are faced with a trade-off between cost and environmental efficiency. Advanced irrigation technologies help improving water efficiency, while there is no significant difference in the water efficiency between certified and non-certified farms.
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Deva, Faton. "A Future Wine Cluster in Kosova?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5724.
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This thesis deals with the Kosovar agricultural economy and the introduction of new approaches. Kosova is an economy in transition with high unemployment, young population and structural problems. The privatization process promises a better future and economic growth. However, hard work and new approaches are needed. Privatization does not mean immediate growth. Hereby, clusters are considered as an appropriate approach to develop rural areas. Especially the wine sector in Kosova could be an example for cluster development as it is a promising sector. Wine has a long history in Kosova although wine consumption is not widespread. This sector is a rare example where exports are higher than imports. Climate conditions cheep working force and as stated the background make this sector attractive. Foreign agencies and investors are very interested in this sector. This thesis will show the main problems and main opportunities of this sector. It will describe the structural changes and current developments. Cluster creation is not a government function. Further, it is not a tailor-made solution. In fact, clustering involves many roles. Each participant has certain duties but the whole process needs coordination. The monitoring and supervision of the whole process, the identification of needs and permanent exchange of the participants are organized in a cluster. At the end, a win-win situation is created even if competition is raised to a high level. Competition and the functioning of free markets guarantee the success of the sector and as a results regional development. One cluster helps to create another. Starting one process means that many others could follow. By reading this thesis, the reader should recognize potentials and understand the local circumstances. This is the aim of the study.Faton Deva "Shkodra" 14, Prishtina 10000 Kosova mob: +377(0)44122883 e-mail:faton99d@gmail.com
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Sousa, Rennaly Patricio. "Impact assessment of incentive program to castor production in Cearà state." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13031.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThe present study aimed to evaluate the level of technological adoption in castor production in Cearà and the impact of the incentive offered to produce castor on the generation of employment and income of family farmers included in that program. To this end, we selected a sample with a group of producers of castor and a second group of non-producing of castor in order to make comparisons. The research was based on primary data, obtained through the application of semi-structured interviews in the municipalities of Santa QuitÃria, Monsenhor Tabosa and Boa Viagem. As methodology, the following techniques were used descriptive statistics, the construction of the Technology Adoption Index (INATEC), analysis of variance, analysis of logistic regression and propensity score matching. The main results showed a low level of technology adoption by producers. They also revealed that the incentive to produce castor generated significant impact on total farm income, farm income per hectare and total employment of the producers of this cultivar. However, are not observable impacts on the level of employment per hectare.
O estudo aqui apresentado teve como objetivo principal avaliar o nÃvel de adoÃÃo tecnolÃgica na produÃÃo de mamona no Estado do Cearà e os impactos do programa de incentivo à produÃÃo de mamona sobre a geraÃÃo de emprego e renda dos agricultores familiares. Para tanto, selecionou-se uma amostra composta por dois grupos: um primeiro grupo de produtores de mamona e um segundo grupo de nÃo produtores de mamona, a fim de estabelecer comparaÃÃes e anÃlises de impacto. A pesquisa baseou-se em dados primÃrios, por meio da aplicaÃÃo de entrevistas semiestruturadas nos municÃpios de Santa QuitÃria, Monsenhor Tabosa e Boa Viagem. Como metodologia, o estudo fez uso de mÃtodos de estatÃsticas descritivas, construÃÃo do Ãndice de AdoÃÃo de Tecnologias (INATEC), anÃlises de variaÃÃo, anÃlise de regressÃo logÃstica e mÃtodo Propensity Score Matching. Os principais resultados obtidos revelam um baixo nÃvel de adoÃÃo de tecnologias por parte dos produtores. Revelam ainda que o programa de incentivo à produÃÃo de mamona gerou impacto significativo sobre a renda agrÃcola total, renda agrÃcola por hectare e emprego total dos produtores desta cultivar. Contudo, nÃo sÃo observÃveis os impactos sobre o nÃvel de emprego por hectare.
Books on the topic "Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics"
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Carter, E. S. British farming: Changing policies and production systems. Ipswich: Farming Press, 1994.
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Grand, Yves Le. Tradition pastorale et modernisation des systèmes de production au Sahel. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1998.
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European agriculture: Policies, production, and trade. London: Routledge, 1996.
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R, Simpson James, and C. A. B. International, eds. Japan's beef industry: Economics and technology for the year 2000. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CAB International, 1996.
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., ed. Egg marketing: A guide for the production and sale of eggs. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003.
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Mikkel, Andersen, Pazderka Catherine, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Commodities and Trade Division., and FAO Meeting on Voluntary Standards and Certification for Environmentally and Socially Responsible Agricultural Production and Trade (2004 : Rome, Italy), eds. Voluntary standards and certification for environmentally and socially responsible agricultural production and trade. Rome: Commodities and Trade Dvision, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.
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1968-, Wu Zhaohui, ed. Food supply chain management: Economic, social and environmental perspectives. New York: Routledge, 2011.
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Longworth, John W. Agribusiness reforms in China: The case of wool. Oxford: CAB International in association with ACIAR, 1995.
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Jon, Pyke, and Whitehead Roger 1946-, eds. Mastering your organization's processes: A plain guide to business process management. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Vincent, Barbara. Farming meat goats: Breeding, production and marketing. Collingwood, VIC: Land Links, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics"
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Hill, Berkeley. "Production economics: theory of the firm." In An introduction to economics: concepts for students of agriculture and the rural sector, 72–114. 5th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620063.0005.
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Abstract This chapter introduces the scope of production economics and explains the major relationships studied in production economics, namely: factor-product, factor-factor, and product-product relationships. The impacts of advances in technology on the three central relationships are also discussed, as well as the implications for the agricultural industry.
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Mujeyi, Angeline, and Maxwell Mudhara. "Economic Analysis of Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies in Maize Production in Smallholder Farming Systems." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 225–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_17.
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AbstractSmallholder farmers who grow the staple maize crop rely mainly on rain-fed agricultural production, and yields are estimated to have decreased by over 50% largely due to climate change. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, as adaptive strategies, are thus increasingly being promoted to overcome problems of declining agricultural productivity and reduced technical efficiency. This study analyzed profitability and profit efficiency in maize (Zea mays) production as a result of CSA technology adoption using cost-benefit analysis and stochastic profit frontier model. The study used data from a cross-sectional household survey of 386 households drawn from 4 districts in Mashonaland East province located in the northeastern part of Zimbabwe. Results from the cost-benefit analysis reveal that maize performs best under CSA technologies. The profit inefficiency model shows that extension contact, number of local traders, and adoption of CSA had significant negative coefficients indicating that as these variables increase, profit efficiency among maize-growing farmers increases. This implies that profit inefficiency in maize production can be reduced significantly with improvement in extension contact, access to farm gate/local markets, and adoption of CSA. The findings call for development practitioners to incorporate market linkages that bring buyers closer to the farmers, support for extension to be able to have frequent contacts with farmers, and promotion of CSA adoption.
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Mureithi, Joseph, Saidi Mkomwa, Amir Kassam, and Ngari Macharia. "Research and technology development needs for scaling up conservation agriculture systems, practices and innovations in Africa." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 176–88. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0009.
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Abstract Although the net agricultural production across all regions of Africa has experienced a significant increase, African agriculture has performed below its potential over recent decades. Many aspects have been fronted to curb this situation, including sustainable intensification of farming systems and value-chain transformation through Conservation Agriculture (CA) across Africa. Based on the latest update, Africa has about 2.7 million ha under CA, an increase of 458% over the past 10 years with 2008/09 as baseline. However, this constitutes a mere 1.5% of the global area under CA, and less than 1.4% of the total cropland area in Africa. A combination of modern techniques and the optimization of agroecological processes in CA systems and practices requires that agricultural research plays a bigger role in its evolution and focus in the different regions of Africa. This targeted research should crucially contribute towards making agriculture in Africa more productive, competitive, sustainable and inclusive in terms of its functionality towards the farmer, society and nature. Scientific solutions for agricultural transformation need to be pursued without losing sight of the potentials and fragility of Africa's agricultural environments, the complexity of its agricultural production systems and the continent's rich biodiversity. The agricultural research and development agenda in Africa must build on the rich traditional farming culture, knowledge and practices, supported by coherent longer-vision for investments in science for agricultural development. Most of these investments are expected to come from national public and private sources, with governments also expected to invest in generation of 'public goods' such as the national or global environmental benefits typical of CA, and to also catalyse innovation and support market growth. The absolute imperative is that farmers must shift from outdated conventional tillage-based methods to modern, well-tested and knowledge-based methods of land use. Making this transition will be difficult without the creation of an enabling environment. This chapter discusses the various roles and advances required in CA-based research that will support the adoption of CA systems by millions of smallholder farmers in Africa with a view to enhancing sustainable and effective agricultural development and economic growth.
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Joyce, Alyssa, Simon Goddek, Benz Kotzen, and Sven Wuertz. "Aquaponics: Closing the Cycle on Limited Water, Land and Nutrient Resources." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 19–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_2.
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AbstractHydroponics initially developed in arid regions in response to freshwater shortages, while in areas with poor soil, it was viewed as an opportunity to increase productivity with fewer fertilizer inputs. In the 1950s, recirculating aquaculture also emerged in response to similar water limitations in arid regions in order to make better use of available water resources and better contain wastes. However, disposal of sludge from such systems remained problematic, thus leading to the advent of aquaponics, wherein the recycling of nutrients produced by fish as fertilizer for plants proved to be an innovative solution to waste discharge that also had economic advantages by producing a second marketable product. Aquaponics was also shown to be an adaptable and cost-effective technology given that farms could be situated in areas that are otherwise unsuitable for agriculture, for instance, on rooftops and on unused, derelict factory sites. A wide range of cost savings could be achieved through strategic placement of aquaponics sites to reduce land acquisition costs, and by also allowing farming closer to suburban and urban areas, thus reducing transportation costs to markets and hence also the fossil fuel and CO2 footprints of production.
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Junge, Ranka, Tjasa Griessler Bulc, Dieter Anseeuw, Hijran Yavuzcan Yildiz, and Sarah Milliken. "Aquaponics as an Educational Tool." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 561–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_22.
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AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of possible strategies for implementing aquaponics in curricula at different levels of education, illustrated by case studies from different countries. Aquaponics can promote scientific literacy and provide a useful tool for teaching the natural sciences at all levels, from primary through to tertiary education. An aquaponics classroom model system can provide multiple ways of enriching classes in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), and the day-to-day maintenance of an aquaponics can also enable experiential learning. Aquaponics can thus become an enjoyable and effective way for learners to study STEM content, and can also be used for teaching subjects such as business and economics, and for addressing issues like sustainable development, environmental science, agriculture, food systems, and health. Using learner and teacher evaluations of the use of aquaponics at different educational levels, we attempt to answer the question of whether aquaponics fulfils its promise as an educational tool.
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Hill, Berkeley. "Demand and supply: the price mechanism in a market economy." In An introduction to economics: concepts for students of agriculture and the rural sector, 26–50. 5th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620063.0003.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the theories of demand and supply, including the factors affecting the demand for commodities (the price of the commodity itself, the incomes of consumers, the price of competitive (or substitute) goods, the price of complementary goods, and the tastes of consumers) as well as the factors affecting supply (the price of the good, the prices of other goods that firms could produce or do produce, the prices of factors of production, the state of technology, and the goals/objectives of firms). The significance of the price and income elasticities of demand to the agricultural sector is highlighted.
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Stott, Alistair, and Bouda Vosough Ahmadi. "Farm animal welfare: the future." In The economics of farm animal welfare: theory, evidence and policy, 173–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0173.
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Abstract Science can help us understand what animals want and economics can provide the understanding of human motivation needed to deliver such wants. In our view, what needs further development in future is for economics and information/communication science and technology to channel awareness into appropriate action. This chapter elaborates on this idea by providing some illustrative examples. Focusing on animal health and welfare, it argues that there is much scope for improvement in profit and welfare on commercial farms simply by adopting the best disease management approach available. We also emphasize the importance of systems modelling and operations research (OR) in the future to ensure that animal welfare taps into the growing opportunities that developments in these methods are likely to bring. The chapter also argues that OR can provide a bridge between animal welfare science, economics and business to deliver improvements in animal welfare through food markets. The importance of big data and precision livestock farming in livestock production/reproduction, animal health and welfare, and the environmental impact of livestock production are also discussed. New genetic approaches to optimize livestock resilience and efficiency are highlighted. We argue that tackling difficult problems, such as sustainability (that encompasses animal welfare alongside environment and climate change), efficiency and resilience in farm animal production systems, is and will remain a vital focus of research in the agri-food sector. Research methods and governance still need to change to properly reflect this. It is envisaged that animal welfare will be affected by these developments and should, wherever appropriate, be explicitly considered.
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Kumar, Arvind, Meenu Rani, Aishwarya, and Pavan Kumar. "Drone Technology in Sustainable Agriculture: The Future of Farming Is Precision Agriculture and Mapping." In Agriculture, Livestock Production and Aquaculture, 3–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93262-6_1.
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Gantulga, Gombo, and Noov Bayarsukh. "Current Issues of Mongolian Agriculture Sector Development and Needs to Implement Smart Farming Technology." In Agriculture Digitalization and Organic Production, 15–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4165-0_2.
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Rogotis, Savvas, and Nikolaos Marianos. "Smart Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Production." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 191–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_15.
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AbstractThe chapter describes DataBio’s pilot applications, led by NEUROPUBLIC S.A., for sustainable agricultural production in Greece. Initially, it introduces the main aspects that drive and motivate the execution of the pilot. The pilot set-up consisted of four (4) different locations, four (4) different crop types and three (3) different types of offered services. The technology pipeline was based on the exploitation of heterogeneous data and their transformation into facts and actionable advice fostering sustainable agricultural growth. The results of the pilot activities effectively showcased how smart farming methodologies can lead to a positive impact from an economical, environmental and societal perspective and achieve the ambitious goal to “produce more with less”. The chapter concludes with “how-to” guidelines and the pilot’s key findings.
Conference papers on the topic "Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics"
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Muhtarom, Abid, and Tri Haryanto. "Agriculture Land and Technology: Agricultural Production in the Welfare Improvement." In Mulawarman International Conference on Economics and Business (MICEB 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/miceb-17.2018.29.
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Mrvica Mađarac, Sandra, Zvonimir Filipović, and Sandra Jurić. "Analysis of Agriculture in the European Union." In Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2022.373.
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With its agricultural policy, the European Union wants to encourage member states to invest in agricultural production, production and promotion of quality agricultural products, care for the environment, development of rural areas, increase market transparency, and encourage innovation in agriculture. The main challenges for agricultural production in the European Union are global market competition, economic and political crises, climate change and rising costs of production factors. The European Union wants to provide support for the sustainable income of agricultural holdings and the stability of the agricultural sector, and it contributes greatly to the financing of agriculture in the member states. In this way, the aim is to ensure the long-term security of the food supply and the agricultural diversity of the member states. The paper states the objectives of the agricultural policy of the European Union, researches and analyzes data on the number of employees in agriculture, the age structure of farmers, the size of agricultural holdings, agricultural and livestock production, fishing and promotional activities of agricultural production in the European Union.
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Petrova-Hristova, Kristina. "Bulgarian Agriculture – Principles, Traditions and Development of the Organic Agriculture." In Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2022.381.
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Agriculture as a traditional branch has a strategic importance for Bulgaria, not only because it ensures food security, and creates raw materials for many other industries and sectors of the national economy, but also provides work and income for a significant part of the population in rural areas. When we talk about agriculture as an economic activity we must always consider it in direct correlation with rural areas and their vitality. The sector is among the most dynamically developing in terms of modernization, robotization, digital transformation, also provoked by the ambitious goals related to climate and green challenges on a global scale. Precisely the agricultural sector is at the center of the circular economy and bio-based societies, preservation and development of the regions, and is in close connection with the development of science – from applied to the top – called to carry humanity into the next era. Bulgarian agriculture has deep traditions in society, its history can be traced back in time. But in the circumstances of globalization, facilitating access to imported food, it is important to increase the competitiveness of Bulgarian agricultural products. In recent years, there is more and more talk about ecologically clean production, and Bulgaria is no exception because it is making serious attempts to develop organic agriculture in the country.
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Birsan, Jullia, Diana Stavarache, Mariaiuliana Dascalu, Bujor ionel Pavaloiu, and Ana maria Neagu trocmaer. "INTERNET OF THINGS IN EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY FOR LEARNING AGRICULTURE." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-149.
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Nowadays investing in innovation and technology is essential for social progress and economic development. A great challenge is to learn how to properly exploit all the benefits brought by technology in various industrial fields. The current paper focuses on agricultural industry and proposes a monitoring and controlling system for a greenhouse using the concept of Internet of Things. Of the many advantages Internet of Things brings, its ability to innovate the landscape of current farming methods is outstanding. The Internet of Things is transforming the agriculture industry by increasing the quality, quantity and cost effectiveness of agriculture production. Our proposed system uses Internet of Things to remotely monitor sensors that detect soil moisture, temperature and luminosity and control the irrigation equipment. Real time data is displayed with the use of a web application and the user has the possibility to control functions such as opening/closing the roof of the greenhouse, turning on/off the lights and irrigation or even setting a desired temperature just by one click. The system is a miniature; thus it can be used in educational purposes: one can learn how to grow plants or learn biology in a more interactive way. Our proposed smart greenhouse can be implemented both vertically and horizontally, only by changing the design, so it is highly extensible and can be easily replicated in real-life contexts. Implementing such a project means that we would be able to learn how to produce 100 times more food than the regular farming. Consequently, the proposed learning instrument could have a very high impact on increasing quality of life.
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Smoljić, Mirko, Branka Stipanović, and Marina Guzovski. "Digitization of Agriculture: Mobile Applications in Agriculture as an Important Aspect of the Third Green Revolution." In 6th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2022 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2022.57.
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Information and communication technology has caused (r)evolution in many industries, and the agricultural sector is not an exception. The paper deals with the use of mobile applications that have informative, educational and advisory services in agricultural activities. The paper aims to present the features and benefits of the use of mobile applications in agricultural production. The use of these applications enables the spread of specialized knowledge in certain agricultural sectors practically and easily, and at the same time contributes to the increase of efficiency in agricultural production. The link between the public advisory service and farmers and the dissemination and exchange of good practices among farmers are important features of mobile applications in agriculture aimed at raising the overall competitive advantage. The research is expected to prove the role of mobile applications in the development of the third green revolution in the agricultural sector.
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Gurčík, Ľubomír, Zuzana Bajusová, and Jana Ladvenicová. "Economic Assessment of Sea Buckthorn Cultivation and Processing in Conditions of Intensive Production." In Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2022.401.
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The cultivation of medicinal plants is a current topic of growing importance. In Europe, but also the world, the demand for high-quality food is constantly growing. Sea buckthorn can be considered a functional food, which is an intermediate step between classic foods and medicines. Sea buckthorn contains a high content of vitamin C, which makes it an ideal helper in the treatment of flu or angina; thanks to the high content of vitamin B, it heals burns, has antiseptic effects, consumption of products from this medicinal plant ensures prevention in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, supports digestion, detoxifies the body, purifies and supports the activity of the kidneys and urinary system, reduces high cholesterol, improves memory, has anti-inflammatory effects. In the contribution, we focus on the economic assessment of the cultivation and processing of this superfood in an intensive cultivation method. We modeled two alternatives: “Alternative A” – frozen fruits, “Alternative B” – 100% sea buckthorn juice. Based on the performed analysis, the second alternative is more economically efficient, given that the payback period is before the seventh vegetation year, the internal rate of return is at the level of 35.67% and the net present value reaches the level of 1,379,316 €. In the contribution, we also evaluated the intensity of production based on the resulting indicators (revenues, costs, management result per hectare, average profitability of revenues and costs) with conventional crops grown in the corn production area (wheat, barley, corn). We found that the values of all indicators were more favorable for sea buckthorn.
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Sergeev, V. S., and D. R. Mukminov. "Биологизированная технология возделывания сахарной свеклы." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.37.
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Sugar beet is the main technical crop in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Beet growing in the region is carried out in the zone of risky agriculture. Based on the bioproducts produced for Beta vulgaris growing, the team of the BashInkom Scientific & Innovation Enterprise together with scientists from the Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar and leading Russian beet growers improved and optimized the traditional technology, which, even under stressful conditions (drought, temperature decrease, waterlogging, freezing, toxic chemical oppression, lack of readily soluble nutrients) and a significant reduction in production costs, increases crop productivity by 20% and sugar content by 0.1-0.3%. Production experiments were carried out in beet-growing farms of the republic: farming company “Mukminov”, LLC “Voskhod” (Gafuri region), LLC farming company “Salavat”, LLC “Michurina” (Aurgazinsky district), LLC “Region-Agro” (Davlekanovsky district), etc. Research results confirm the effectiveness of the use of biological products and biofertilizers in sugar beet cultivation technology. The increase in the yield amounted to 2-10 t/ha compared to traditional technology; sugar content increased to 0.3%; finance costs that are attributable to the acquisition and use of biological products and bioactivated fertilizers have paid off, and high profitability is guaranteed. Conclusions: 1. Biological products and bioactivated fertilizers are an integral and mandatory element in the technology of sugar beet cultivation, as well as an innovative solution in protecting plants from environmental stress factors and in balancing plant nutrition by carrying out leaf feeding in key phases of growth and development. 2. Biologized technology allows increasing the yield of sugar beet by 20% and reducing the cost of chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers by 1.2-1.3 times. 3. Economic efficiency in the cultivation of sugar beet from the use of biological products and bioactivated fertilizers is up to 8 net profit per 1 RUB production costs.
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Tahiri, Alberta, and Idriz Kovaci. "Impact of Government Spending on the Growth of Agricultural Production in Kosovo and Export of Agricultural Products." In Fifth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2021.169.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of government spending on the volume of production and the export of agricultural products from Kosovo. For that purpose, secondary data sources from relevant state institutions were used. Based on these data, calculations of the coefficient of determination and the correlation coefficient were made in order to determine whether and to what extent government expenditures in Kosovo affect the volume of agricultural production and exports of agricultural products. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that government expenditures for the agricultural sector have almost no impact and do not contribute to increased production and export of agricultural products. The fact that the import of agricultural products in Kosovo is far greater than the export of agricultural products speaks even more in favour of this thesis.
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Markov, Serjoza. "HOUSEHOLD/INDIVIDUALS IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY OF ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES – PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.267.
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First and foremost, the main inspiration for the specific problematics in this paper is solar energy as clean and profitable energy for businesses in the Republic of North Macedonia. The question that arises as the basis is finding the reason why the progress in the sector of renewable energy sources in this country is still slow and insufficient. The results and conclusions of the research shall be achieved via comprehensive analysis, and by finding the answer to the posed question through the: theoretical analysis, the inductive and deductive methods, as well as description shall be used, whereas the techniques utilized shall be questionnaires, interviews, observations. By summarizing in one place all the theoretical and empirical aspects, we are finding the answer to the main question asked: One of the possible reasons for this actual situation is the fact that so far there is no possibility in this country for individuals to be involved in the process of production and transmission of electricity in the energy system. The goal is achieved in this paper through providing specific guidelines and suggestions regarding the improvement of the legal framework in the Republic of North Macedonia, emphasizing on benefits if the households are allowed to deliver their produced solar energy and considering the possible ways to remove the determined obstacles for implementing this idea.
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Duraj (Zani), Brunilda, and Viola Theodhori. "Taxation of Agricultural Sector in Albania." In Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2022.387.
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Agriculture contributes about 20% to the Gross Domestic Product in Albania. It is one of the main sectors of the Albanian economy, which supports and impacts other important sectors such as tourism, product processing and exports. In the conditions of the globalization of the economy, the free movement of goods and capital, and multilateral and bilateral agreements for the removal of tariff barriers, Albanian agriculture faces the challenges of very strong competition from the countries of the region, EU countries and beyond. In these conditions of strong competition, what can make Albanian agriculture survive, is that its products appear not only in the domestic market and those of the region but also in the international markets of goods and products. The ambitions of our country for the development of intensive, year-round, coastal and mountain tourism, elite and agrotourism, requires the increase of the quantity, quality and lowest possible prices of agricultural and livestock products, in order to avoid the competition of imported goods that can be traded at lower prices. How should agriculture, farmers, livestock, agricultural and livestock production be stimulated? Should they be incentivized through exemptions from the tax system or should the process of stimulating production through subsidizing the elements of agricultural and livestock production be used more efficiently? The strategy implemented in our country has strengthened tax exemptions for inputs, agricultural and livestock products, farmers’ income, etc. This strategy intends to promote the cooperation of agricultural and livestock production in Agricultural Cooperation Societies by offering minimum tax rates. Considering the great impact that agriculture has on the economy, especially in the tourism sector, we will deal with the tax policies applied in the agriculture and livestock sector and the effects of tax incentives over the years. The objective is not only to support the farmers and livestock farmers with funds but also to ensure tax relief and stimulate tax treatment for agricultural and livestock production, aiming to increase competitiveness not only in the regional market but also in the EU market, without compromising the quality of the product.
Reports on the topic "Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics"
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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.
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Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.
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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, and Joseph Teye. Long-Term Patterns of Change in the Commercialisation of Cocoa in Ghana: Forest Frontiers and Technological Transformation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.045.
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The commercialisation of cocoa production in Ghana has a long history dating back to the nineteenth century. The process of commercial development in cocoa is well documented and provides an alternative mode to contemporary models of commercialisation rooted in the adoption of modern technology and integration of farmers into markets. This working paper critically analyses frameworks for agricultural commercialisation in cocoa through intensification based on the uptake of synthetic inputs and hybrid seeds, by placing agricultural development within a broader framework of the historical development of the frontier in Ghana, and the related problems of ecological and economic crises. The study examines access to land, labour and technology, and how the complex interactions of scarcity of access to physical resources and labour influence farmers’ farming strategies and adoption of technology.
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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.
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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.
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Marshall, Amber, Krystle Turner, Carol Richards, Marcus Foth, Michael Dezuanni, and Tim Neale. A case study of human factors of digital AgTech adoption: Condamine Plains, Darling Downs. Queensland University of Technology, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227177.
Full textAbstract:
As global agricultural production methods and supply chains have become more digitised, farmers around the world are adopting digital AgTech such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, blockchain, and satellite imagery to inform their on-farm decision-making. While early adopters and technology advocates globally are spruiking and realising the benefits of digital AgTech, many Australian farmers are reluctant or unable to participate fully in the digital economy. This is an important issue, as the Australian Government has said that digital farming is essential to meeting its target of agriculture being a $100billion industry by 2030. Most studies of AgTech adoption focus on individual-level barriers, yielding well-documented issues such as access to digital connectivity, availability of AgTech suppliers, non-use of ICTs, and cost-benefit for farmers. In contrast, our project took an ‘ecosystems’ approach to study cotton farmers in the Darling Downs region in Queensland, Australia who are installing water sensors, satellite imagery, and IoT plant probes to generate data to be aggregated on a dashboard to inform decision-making. We asked our farmers to map their local ecosystem, and then set up interviewing different stakeholders (such technology providers, agronomists, and suppliers) to understand how community-level orientations to digital agriculture enabled and constrained on-farm adoption. We identified human factors of digital AgTech adoption at the macro, regional and farm levels, with a pronounced ‘data divide’ between farm and community level stakeholders within the ecosystem. This ‘data divide’ is characterised by a capability gap between the provision of the devices and software that generate data by technology companies, and the ability of farmers to manage, implement, use, and maintain them effectively and independently. In the Condamine Plains project, farmers were willing and determined to learn new, advanced digital and data literacy skills. Other farmers in different circumstances may not see value in such an undertaking or have the necessary support to take full advantage of the technologies once they are implemented. Moreover, there did not seem to be a willingness or capacity in the rest of the ecosystem to fill this gap. The work raises questions about the type and level of new, digital expertise farmers need to attain in the transition to digital farming, and what interventions are necessary to address the significant barriers to adoption and effective use that remain in rural communities. By holistically considering how macro- and micro-level factors may be combined with community-level influences, this study provides a more complete and holistic account of the contextualised factors that drive or undermine digital AgTech adoption on farms in rural communities. This report provides insights and evidence to inform strategies for rural ecosystems to transition farms to meet the requirements and opportunities of Agriculture 4.0 in Australia and abroad.