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1
Legesse, Afework. "Assessment of coffee (coffea arabica L.) genetic erosion and genetic resources management in Ethiopia." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 7, no. 3 (January 11, 2020): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.03.2972.
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Coffee is an important source of annual income and employment contributing significantly to the economies of many developing countries. Ethiopia is the center of origin and diversity of Coffea arabica L., there is immense genetic variability that offers great potential for improvement of the crop. The objective of this paper is to assess the status of Coffee genetic diversity, identify major factors that cause coffee genetic erosion and status of coffee genetics resources management in Ethiopia. The presences of high genetic diversity in wild Coffea arabica in Ethiopia were reported by different authors. However, the genetic diversity of coffea arabica L. are being lost rapidly due to several factors such as human population pressures leading to conversion of land to agriculture, deforestation and land degradation; low coffee prices leading to abandoning of coffee trees in forests and gardens and shifting cultivation to other more remunerative crops; and climate change. Additionally, narrow genetic basis of commercially used Arabica coffee cultivars and increased incidence of pests and diseases associated with climate change is leading to significant crop losses, threatening livelihoods in many coffee growing countries. Therefore, Conserving the wild Arabica coffee gene pool and its evolutionary potential present in Ethiopia is critically important for maintaining coffee yield, disease resistance, drought tolerant, quality and other important traits in future breeding program
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Lightbourne, Muriel. "Organization and Legal Regimes Governing Seed Markets and Farmers' Rights in Ethiopia." Journal of African Law 51, no. 2 (September 25, 2007): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855307000319.
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AbstractIn 2005 the government of Ethiopia prepared many proclamations, regulations and guidelines dealing with biosafety, traditional knowledge and plant breeders' rights, with a view to implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Cartagena Protocol to the CBD on Biosafety (CPB), and to joining the World Trade Organization. In the course of the lengthy negotiations of the Food and Agriculture Organization International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the Ethiopian government decided not to include coffee in the list, annexed to the treaty, of plants covered by the multilateral system of facilitated germplasm flows. The purpose of this paper is to analyse these texts and the potential bargaining power of Ethiopia regarding coffee germplasm transactions, after a rapid description of the general context of seed production and seed markets in Ethiopia. It concludes that policies aimed at improving germplasm and final product quality, and rewarding farmers for their contribution in this process, are paramount.
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Alebachew, Getachew Worku. "Economic Value of Pollination Service of Agricultural Crops in Ethiopia: Biological Pollinators." Journal of Apicultural Science 62, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2018-0024.
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Abstract The most important ecosystem service for sustainable crop production is pollination, the mutualistic interaction between plants and animals. Honeybees are being indispensable role in this process. The total economic value of crop pollination worldwide has been estimated at €153 billion annually. Animal pollination of agricultural crops is provided by both managed and wild pollinators. The aim of this study was to determine the economic value of pollination services and vulnerability of Ethiopian agriculture in the face of pollinator decline. An improved approach to determine the economic value of pollination (EVP) services is applied to multiply a crop’s total value by a coefficient between zero and one representing the crop’s dependency on pollination services for production. The potential production value loss due to lack of pollinators is also computed as the ratio of EVP to economic production value. Then EVP was $ 815.2 million dollars and vulnerability of Ethiopian agriculture due to lack of pollinators 16% in the 2015/16 crop production season. The regional state of Oromia benefited the most followed by the regional states of Amhara and South Nation Nationality People (SNPP). Coffee, the leading crop, has the highest EVP in the country followed by Faba beans and Nug (Guizotia abyssinica). Ethiopia has highly benefited from biological pollinators, so protecting them has significant role in the country’s economy. Most crops in Ethiopia have no pollination dependency ratio and some minor crop has no production data, incorporating them possible to better estimation of EVP service for the future.
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Negash, Girma. "The rise and rise of agricultural wage labour: evidence from Ethiopia's south, c.1950–2000." Africa 87, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016000681.
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AbstractThis article seeks to examine the dynamic transformation in the system of labour mobilization and the consequent intermingling of peoples of diverse cultural background in northern Sidama, Ethiopia. It investigates the different labour recruitment strategies deployed in the study area at different times, ranging from traditional to hired labour. In the former case, the household plays a major role in the recruitment and supply of agricultural labour, whereas in the latter case, ‘trans-locality’ reinforced by migration becomes central to the labour history of the region. In the 1940s and 1950s, Emperor Haile Selassie I granted large estates of land in the study area to absentee landowners who started schemes of commercial coffee farming. The subsequent expansion of commercialized coffee farming in a locality called Wondo Gänät (northern Sidama) from the 1950s onwards was responsible for the introduction of agricultural wage labour into the wider region. There was no local surplus labour to satisfy the labour needs of the new coffee farms. This void was later filled by Kembata, Hadiya and Wolayita migrant labourers who flocked into the study area from regions widely noted for their scarcity of arable land. This translocal movement of workers paved the way for the beginning of wage employment and eventually the commodification of farm labour in line with capitalist agriculture. Although commercial coffee plantations provided the initial stimulus for labour commodification in the study area, sugar cane-based cash cropping has helped it flourish even further. I argue in this article that the imperial land grants of the late 1940s and 1950s were an important milestone both for the agricultural history of the study area and for the organization of farm labour. Most importantly, I also argue that some of the social tensions and conflicts that often haunt contemporary northern Sidama are legacies inherited from the labour migrations of the 1950s and 1960s and the demographic heterogeneity that ensued.
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Hylander, Kristoffer, Sileshi Nemomissa, and Woldeyohannes Enkosa. "Edge effects on understory epiphytic ferns and epiphyllous bryophytes in moist afromontane forests of Ethiopia." Polish Botanical Journal 58, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0050.
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Abstract Most studies on edge effects in tropical forests have been conducted in landscapes with low human population density and in situations where the edges have been left unused after logging of the adjacent area. Here we studied forest margins heavily used by local farmers in a forest/agriculture mosaic landscape in Ethiopia. We compared forest structure and plant species composition across 41 forest-agriculture ecotones from 200 m out into the agricultural area to 200 m into the forest. There are strong edge effects from the edge and into the forest on canopy cover and number of stumps and apparently these forest-agricultural edges are intensively used by humans. They are penetrated by paths, beehives are found in the trees, timber of various dimensions is harvested and there is sometimes substantial cover of perennial wild (or semi-wild) crops such as coffee and spices. The number of understory epiphytic fern species as well as number of epiphyllous (i.e., growing on leaves) bryophyte species was lower at 20 m than at 75 m from the edge. The number of fern species was higher in newly created edges and thereafter they declined, which indicates an extinction debt. This pattern was not seen for the epiphyllous bryophytes. It is likely that different human management activities are responsible for many of the found edge effects besides wind and sun effects from the edge. Tropical forest margins provide important resources for people in many landscapes. It is important to understand how such use affects the biota of the forests. This study shows that there are substantial edge effects, but that the edge effects do not seem to become worse over time for epiphyllous bryophytes and only slightly so for ferns.
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Tadese, Semegnew, Teshome Soromessa, Tesefaye Bekele, and Brhane Meles. "Biosphere Reserves in the Southwest of Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2021 (April 26, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1585149.
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Forests that have a wide ecological gradient, diversity, and significant cover are confined in the southwestern part vis-à-vis other parts of Ethiopia, while the country is fronting biodiversity losses. The intention of this paper is comparative assessment of Majang, Kafa, Sheka, and Yayo biosphere reserves, located in the southwest of Ethiopia, regarding their status of plant diversity, challenges, and efforts of conservation. To this end, an extensive review of different journals, articles, and proceedings was made. Relevance to the objectives of the review was a selection criterion for sources inclusion. Consequently, the review indicates that all the biosphere reserves contained myriad plant biodiversity, specifically the “hotspot” of Afromontane rainforest biodiversity, with some degree of dissimilarities among them. For instance, the values of Shannon index illustrated a decreasing order in plant diversity as Sheka followed by Kafa, Yayo, and Majang biosphere reserve. Besides, out of the top ten documented plant families, the species richest families are Rubiaceae (15) in Yayo, Asteraceae (12) in Kafa, Euphorbiaceae (11) in Majang, and Asteraceae (11) in Sheka biosphere reserve, while the least species found in the families are as follows: Aspleniaceae and Sapindaceae in Majang; Poaceae, Solanaceae, and Araceae in Sheka; Celastraceae and Piperaceae in Kafa; and Fabacae and Solanaceae in Yayo. However, many challenges were encountered in all the biosphere reserves. The driving force behind is commercial coffee-tea plantation, agriculture expansion, overgrazing, firewood, charcoal, and other factors. Hence, to reduce forest conversion and biodiversity loss, the government of Ethiopia is creating conservation mechanism like the establishment of the protected area and biosphere reserve which is controlled and managed by the community and the government.
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Eshetu, Fassil, and Degye Goshu. "Determinants of Ethiopian Coffee Exports to Its Major Trade Partners: A Dynamic Gravity Model Approach." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732520976301.
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The aim of this article is to examine export determinants of Ethiopian coffee to 31 trade partner countries using a dynamic gravity model and system generalised moment method of estimation (GMM) for the period 1998–2016. Descriptive results showed that Ethiopia was exporting only 39% of its total coffee production, and 53.5% and 34.13% of Ethiopian coffee exports were directed to European and Asian countries, respectively, over the period 1998–2016. Regression results revealed that trade openness, population size of Ethiopia, foreign direct investment and institutional quality index of Ethiopia are positively and significantly affecting volume of Ethiopian coffee export. But population of partner countries, weighted distance, lagged export volume and real exchange rate are negatively and significantly influencing export volume of Ethiopian coffee. Hence, Ethiopia needs to diversify its export destinations and export items a way from primary agricultural exports to secondary industrial exports in order to secure dependable source of foreign currency. Also, controlling corruption, increasing government effectiveness, ensuring political stability promotion of foreign direct investment and encouraging trade liberalisation would help to boost the volume of Ethiopian coffee export. JEL Codes: F12, F13, F14
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Feyisa, Bekele Wegi. "Determinants of Ethiopia’s Coffee Bilateral Trade Flows: A panel Gravity Approach." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i1.21-27.3467.
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Ethiopia’s export earning is heavily dependent on primary agricultural commodities and raw materials. Coffee has been the principal export commodity of Ethiopia for many years and continued to be the leading export commodity. The objective of this paper was, therefore, to identify the determinants of Ethiopia’s coffee export to the major trading partners. Eighteen countries were selected based on the importance of the country as Ethiopia’s coffee export destination and availability of the required data. Annual panel data from 2001 to 2016 was collected from FAO database and other relevant sources. After appropriate econometric tests had been applied, random effect model was selected and used to analyze the data. From the seven variables entered into the model, four variables were found to affect Ethiopia’s coffee export significantly. GDP of the importing countries and population size of Ethiopia affect Ethiopia’s coffee export positively as expected. Weighted distance between Ethiopia and its trading partners was also found to have an expected effect, negative, on Ethiopia’s coffee export. Contrary to the hypothesis, foreign direct investment flows to Ethiopia affected Ethiopia’s coffee export negatively. Based on the results, the study draws conclusion and policy implications. To increase Ethiopia’s coffee export, government and other stakeholders should give prime attention to countries where there is high demand for Ethiopia’s coffee. Moreover, coffee exporters should exploit the existing nearest market opportunities. Finally, favourable conditions should be created for the large unemployed labor of the country to increase coffee production and export.
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Ayele, Ebud, Guesh Gebreayezgi, Teklewoini Mariye, Degena Bahrey, Gebrekiros Aregawi, and Gebregziabher Kidanemariam. "Prevalence of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in a Public General Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study Design." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (October 7, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2736536.
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Background. Undernutrition is a global health problem, particularly in pregnant women. Despite the limited studies performed in different parts of Ethiopia, the information about the prevalence of undernutrition of pregnant women in the current study area is not documented. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors in pregnant women. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in the Tigray region from August 01 to December 30, 2018. Study subjects were selected by systematic sampling technique from the respective hospitals. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were cleaned and entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and then exported to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23.0 for analysis. Multivariate analyses were carried out, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CI and significance level ( p value) <0.05 were considered. Results. Out of the total 844 selected pregnant women, 840 participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 99.5%; of this, respondent’s undernutrition prevalence was found to be 40.6% with 95% confidence interval (38.93% and 42.27%). Agriculture as occupation (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5, 4.5), women who wanted the pregnancy (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.448), no history malaria during pregnancy (AOR = 0.291, 95%: (0.152, 0.555)), coffee intake during pregnancy (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.69), and hemoglobin < 11 g/dl (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI: 3.09, 7.8) were the factors that were significantly associated with undernutrition, p value (<0.05). Conclusion. In this study, occupation, history of having malaria during pregnancy, wanted type pregnancy, coffee intake during pregnancy, and hemoglobin < 11 g/dl were factors significantly associated with undernutrition in pregnant mothers. So, healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders should give special focus on these factors.
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Larçon, Jean-Paul, and Corinne Vadcar. "Belt and Road in Ethiopia and China’s African Ambition." China and the World 04, no. 02 (May 17, 2021): 2150007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729321500073.
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China–Ethiopia economic cooperation in the period of 2000–2020 is marked by the convergence between the industrial policy of Ethiopia, the orientations of the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and the infrastructure development strategy which is the cornerstone of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China, the largest foreign investor in Ethiopia during this period, has had a major role in terms of investment and financing in the energy sector and the transportation infrastructure: Addis Ababa Airport, roads, railway, seaport terminal, and gas pipeline. The flagship project — the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway — connecting Addis Ababa to Djibouti City and Djibouti’s Doraleh Container Terminal, inaugurated in 2018, provided landlocked Ethiopia with a good connection between the hinterland and the seaport: the economic corridor accounts for more than 95% of Ethiopia’s foreign trade. The development of Ethiopian Industrial Parks on the model of Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) was the second pillar of the strategy of development of an export-oriented manufacturing sector. Chinese companies operating in Ethiopian Industrial Parks in the textile and leather industries have been pioneering this activity contributing to Ethiopia’s participation in the Global Value Chains (GVCs). Ethiopian government is also planning the development of agro-industrial parks specialized in added-value agricultural products such as coffee or cut flowers exported to Europe via Addis Ababa Airport and Ethiopian Airlines Cargo. Ethiopia’s main challenges in that direction are the necessity to go up the value chain to further penetrate European markets and, most likely, to identify the products or services which could be integrated into the African markets in the new context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement that entered into force in January 2021.
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Gebru, Belay Manjur, Sonam Wangyel Wang, Sea Jin Kim, and Woo-Kyun Lee. "Socio-Ecological Niche and Factors Affecting Agroforestry Practice Adoption in Different Agroecologies of Southern Tigray, Ethiopia." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 3729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133729.
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This study was carried out in the southern zone of Tigray to identify and characterize traditional common agroforestry practices and understand the existing knowledge of farm households on the management of trees under different agroforestry in different agroecologies. We conducted reconnaissance and diagnostic surveys by systematically and randomly selecting 147 farming households in the three agroecologies of the study area. A logit regression model was employed to determine how these factors influence farmers’ adoption decision. The findings indicate that a majority of the households (46.3%) were engaged in homestead agroforestry practices (AFP), followed by live fence (25.9%) and farmland or parkland (15%) agroforestry practices. The study identified Carica papaya, Malus domestic, Persea americana, Mangifera indica, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Balanites aegyptiaca as the most dominant fruit tree species found in the home garden agroforestry. In total, 68% of the households had some of these fruit trees around their home gardens. We also established the three most dominant agricultural production systems as: i) Agricultural production system, composed of fruit tree + cereal crops + Ziziphus spina-christi + Balanites aegyptiaca and/or acacia species; ii) agricultural production system, consisting of cash crops, like Coffee arabica and Catha edulies + fruit trees + Cordia africana + Balanites aegyptiaca and/or acacia species; and iii) agricultural production, composed of fruit trees + vegetables within a boundary of Sesbania sesban and other acacia species in the modern irrigated land. Furthermore, 90.16% of the households in the highlands reported a shortage of farmland for planting trees as the main constraint. About 34.44% farmers reported using leaves of Cordia africana, Balanites aegyptiaca, pods of acacia species, and crop residue as the main source of animal fodder. In total, 86.4% of the households also recognized the importance of multipurpose trees for soil fertility enhancement, control of runoff, microclimate amelioration, environmental protection, and dry season animal fodder. According to the logit model analysis, sex, family size, educational level, and landholding significantly (p < 0.05) influence the household’s role in the adoption of agroforestry practices. Based on these findings, farmers used different adaptation strategies, such as planting of multi-purpose trees (34.7%), conservation tillage to minimize both erosion and runoff potentials as soil conservation strategies (27.2%), varying planting dates, use of drought tolerant crop varieties (16.3%), and others based on farmers’ indigenous knowledge passed down from generation to generation. We conclude that agroforestry practices are important components of farming systems in Tigray, resulting in diversified products and ecological benefits that improve socio-ecological resilience. Therefore, we recommend that agroforestry practices are mainstreamed into development plans, especially in agriculture.
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Wale Mengistu, Melese, Melkamu Alemayehu Workie, and Abrar Sualeh Mohammed. "Physical and Cup Quality Attributes of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Varieties Grown in Highlands of Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6420363.
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Coffee is the second most traded commodity worldwide after oil both in terms of volume and value. The study was therefore initiated to evaluate the quality of highland coffee varieties grown in the region. For this purpose, coffee bean samples of the varieties Merdacheriko, Yachi, Wush Wush, Buno wash, 741, 7440, Ababuna, and Ageze were collected from trees which were grown in Adet and Woramit Agricultural Research Centers in RCBD with three replications. Physical (length and width of coffee beans, 100 bean weight, screen sizes, and raw quality) and cup quality (aromatic intensity, aromatic quality, acidity, astringency, bitterness, body, flavor, overall standard, and total cup quality) parameters, as well as total coffee quality, were evaluated by a team of certified panelists at Jimma Agricultural Research Center. The results depicted significant variations in physical quality parameters of coffee varieties, while the cup and total qualities of coffee varieties in WARC and in AARC were similar. In WARC, Buno wash, Wush Wush, and Ababuna coffee varieties showed better physical quality in terms of 100 bean weight, bean length, bean width, and screen size, while varieties Buno wash and Wush Wush showed better physical quality only in terms of 100 bean weight and bean length in AARC. Cup quality of coffee varieties grown in WARC ranged from 48.16% to 51.33% while that of coffees grown in AARC ranged from 45.00% to 50.83%. Total coffee quality in WARC was at the range from 85.50 to 89.33% while in AARC from 81.66 to 87.83%, which is within the standard of Ethiopian Commodity Exchange for coffee. All the tested varieties of Arabica coffee can be therefore used to produce coffee in both study areas and areas with similar agroecology of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Further research on the yield performance of the coffee varieties is also recommended.
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Degarege, Gebeyaw Ambelu, and Brent Lovelock. "Institutional barriers to coffee tourism development: insights from Ethiopia – the birthplace of coffee." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 15, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-11-2020-0273.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify pathways to improve the performance and competitiveness of Ethiopia's tourism sector using coffee as one essential tourism experience, thereby improving the socio-economic conditions of the local communities who depend on coffee for their livelihoods. Design/methodology/approach Based upon qualitative focus group discussions undertaken with key informants in both the coffee and tourism sectors in Ethiopia. Findings Despite the existing tourism development potential, Ethiopia has not yet fully exploited this position. While the country uses coffee to assist its destination marketing strategies, practical interventions to position coffee as a primary tourism product are absent and remain of critical importance. Research limitations/implications In this exploratory study key informant participants from government and industry share their experience within this policy domain. It is acknowledged that future research aiming to provide a fuller picture of governance in this domain would also include the perspective of community-level coffee growers. Practical implications Paramount among the implications of this study is the need to enhance cross-sectoral planning and collaboration and to establish a bridging organisation that will help integrate the agricultural (coffee) sector and the tourism sector. Social implications This study identifies key governance-related obstacles to addressing rural poverty through coffee-related agri-tourism initiatives in Ethiopia. Originality/value This paper addresses, from a governance perspective, the obstacles and opportunities for coffee as a tourism product/experience in Ethiopia. The paper identifies what interventions and innovations in policy and practice are necessary to enhance the role of Ethiopia's coffee culture in the performance of the country's tourism sector.
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Handino, Tinsae Demise, Marijke D’Haese, Freaw Demise, and Misginaw Tamirat. "De-commoditizing Ethiopian coffees after the establishment of the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange: an empirical investigation of smallholder coffee producers in Ethiopia." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 4 (June 18, 2019): 499–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0047.
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The repercussions of reforming an agricultural market are mainly observed at the most vulnerable segment of the value chain, namely, the producers. In the current commodity market created with trade through the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX), coffee is less traceable to its producers. Only cooperatives that sell certified coffee through the unions they belong to, are allowed to bypass the more commodified ECX market. This study aims to investigate if small-scale coffee producers in southwestern Ethiopia that sell coffee through the certified cooperative are better off. It is assumed that the coffee sales through, and membership of, a cooperative, allows farmers to improve their coffee production as well as to improve other aspects of their livelihood. A sustainable livelihood approach was used as the inspiration for the welfare indicators that needed to be considered, data collected amongst members and non-members of certified cooperatives, and a propensity score model to investigate the impact of cooperative membership on the livelihood indicators. Results suggest that members of certified cooperatives indeed receive, on average, better prices. Yet, no evidence was found that indicates that the higher price is translated into better household income. Furthermore, coffee plantation productivity of those members who were interviewed was lower than that of the non-members. This finding could explain the failure to find an overall effect. Since the majority of the producers’ income emanate from coffee, a sustainable way of enhancing the productivity of the coffee could revitalize the welfare of the coffee producers.
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TAYE, K., and J. BURKHARDT. "Hydraulic resistances in seedlings of Coffea arabica accessions under contrasting shade regimes in southwestern Ethiopia." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 5 (August 29, 2012): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961200069x.
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SUMMARYThe study was carried out to determine the variations among different Coffea arabica germplasm lines in hydraulic resistances under controlled nursery settings at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center in southwest Ethiopia. The experimental treatments included contrasting shade conditions (moderate shading v. full sunlight) and seedlings of 12 arabica coffee accessions of varying geographical areas in Ethiopia. Root hydraulic conductance and hydraulic resistances in the whole-shoot and different shoot parts were measured using a high-pressure flow meter. The results depicted significantly lower hydraulic resistances in the whole-shoot and in various shoot segments from the full sunlight exposed seedlings. The contribution of root and shoot resistances varied significantly in response to shade treatments. Likewise, seedlings of coffee accessions exhibited significant variation in the resistance contribution of the main stem-cut to whole-shoot resistances. The maximum hydraulic resistances in main stem-cut were noted in the order of Bonga>Berhane-Kontir>Yayu>Harenna coffee populations, suggesting a direct relationship between growth and hydraulic characteristics. The resistance contributions declined across seedling growth parts: roots>leaf>whole-shoot>lateral branch>petiole, which is consistent with hydraulic gradients and thus sensitivity to drought stress. Moreover, the findings indicate the possibility of predicating the latter stage performances of coffee genotypes at specific field locations. In support of the hypothesis, the effects of both environmental and genetic factors need to be considered in fully understanding drought tolerance strategies in coffee genotypes. In view of the continuous multifaceted threats on the untapped coffee genetic resources, due mainly to, among others, anthropogenic activities coupled with climate change, there is an urgent need for global collaborative actions for future development of the coffee sector in Ethiopia and worldwide.
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Shumeta, Zekarias, and Marijke D’Haese. "Do coffee cooperatives benefit farmers? An exploration of heterogeneous impact of coffee cooperative membership in Southwest Ethiopia." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2015.0110.
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Smallholder farmers’ participation in agricultural cooperatives is often promoted as a promising strategy for overcoming market imperfections and to increase farmers’ productivity and income. In recognition of this potential, in recent years, Ethiopia has shown renewed interest in promoting cooperatives. However, there is lack of empirical evidence of the impact that cooperatives have on farmers’ performance in Ethiopia. Using a matching technique, we evaluate the impact of coffee cooperatives on the performance of their member households in terms of income and coffee production. We use data from coffee farmers in south-west Ethiopia. The overall results suggest that members of cooperatives are not faring much better than non-members. The treatment effects we measured were not statistically significant from zero. Yet, the aggregate figures mask differences between cooperatives and amongst individual cooperative members. Average treatment effects on members differ between cooperatives, in general older members, those who have benefitted from more education and those with larger coffee plantations seem to benefit more from membership. Our analysis sheds light on the heterogeneity in the impact that membership of a cooperative can have: this differs by cooperative and by members within cooperatives, a finding that has important policy implications.
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Mertens, Jan E. J., Willem-Jan Emsens, Merlijn Jocqué, Lore Geeraert, and Matthias De Beenhouwer. "From natural forest to coffee agroforest: implications for communities of large mammals in the Ethiopian highlands." Oryx 54, no. 5 (December 6, 2018): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000844.
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AbstractIn tropical regions the extent of agricultural land is increasing rapidly at the expense of natural forest, with associated losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Agroforestry has long been proposed as a more sustainable agricultural system, conserving biodiversity while providing significant local livelihoods. In this context, camera traps were deployed to compare communities of large mammals between natural forest (22,272 hours across 24 deployments) and extensively managed coffee forest (19,059 hours, 23 deployments) for the first time in the south-west Ethiopian highlands. Mammal communities in the two forest types were similar in species richness and Shannon diversity but differed in community composition. Significant indicator species of coffee forest were the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata and the Ethiopian hare Lepus fagani, whereas leopards Panthera pardus and civets Civettictis civetta had a preference for natural forest. The number of detections of mammals was higher in coffee forest, where activity patterns were predominantly crepuscular and nocturnal, which may be a direct adaptation to frequent human disturbance. In natural forest, mammal activity peaked during daytime. Despite the high mammal diversity in extensively managed coffee forest, it cannot fully replace natural forest as a habitat for large mammals. We suggest that a balanced landscape mosaic of coffee and natural forest may be a valuable combination for both conservation and coffee cultivation.
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Kebede, Teshale Tadesse, and Mitiku Weldesenbet. "Enhancing Agronomic Efficiency of P Fertilizer through Integration with Agricultural Lime Coffee Husk Ash and Charcoal on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Grown in Acidic Soil of Masha District Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i2.320-324.2296.
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Poor soil fertility is important constraints that limited crop production in Ethiopia. The Masha district was highly prone to phosphorus fixation with ions like Aluminum ion since soil of the area is prone to acidity. This experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of of phosphorus fertilizer with agricultural lime, coffee husk ash and coffee husk charcoal on yield of faba bean and agronomic efficiency of the fertilizer on acidic soils of Masha district. Field experiment involving two rates of phosphorus (23 and 46 kg P2O5/ha) and the three soil amendments was in randomized complete block design with three replication. The result indicated that significantly high grain yield was obtained from integrated application of 46 kg P2O5/ha with the agricultural lime, coffee husk ash and coffee husk charcoal with the observed values of 2265, 1953 and 1943 kg/ha, respectively. Agronomic efficiency significantly great values were obtained from treated with the agricultural lime+23 kg P2O5/ha, agricultural lime+46 kg P2O5/ha, coffee husk ash+23 kg P2O5/ha and coffee husk charcoal+23 kg P2O5/ha with the observed values of 14.86, 14.60 and 10.07, respectively. It can be concluded that 46 kg P2O5 with 2.5 ton agricultural lime, 7.5 ton coffee husk ash or 7.5 ton coffee husk charcoal per hectare on acid soils for high yield and yield components on faba bean at Masha district. When 23 kg P2O5/ha was integrated with the soil amendments, relatively high agronomic efficiency was observed.
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Minten, Bart, Thomas Assefa, and Kalle Hirvonen. "Can Agricultural Traders be Trusted? Evidence from Coffee in Ethiopia." World Development 90 (February 2017): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.018.
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Schuit, Pascale, Justin Moat, Tadesse Woldemariam Gole, Zeleke Kebebew Challa, Jeremy Torz, Steven Macatonia, Graciano Cruz, and Aaron P. Davis. "The potential for income improvement and biodiversity conservation via specialty coffee in Ethiopia." PeerJ 9 (February 9, 2021): e10621. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10621.
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The specialty coffee sector represents opportunities for coffee farmers and other actors due to increased value within the supply chain, driven by elevated consumer purchase prices. We investigated these relationships up to the export stage, as well as the potential for specialty coffee to improve stakeholder participation in biodiversity conservation. Household data was collected from a sample of 272 coffee farmers belonging to five primary cooperatives, in the heavily forested area of Yayu, in the Illubabor administrative zone of Oromia regional state in south-western Ethiopia, for the 2017/2018 harvest season. Qualitative and quantitative data, gathered between 2015 and 2019, from focus group discussions, was used to supplement the survey and to explain the empirical findings. We show that the income from coffee (and thus household income) can be increased, in some cases substantially, via participation in the specialty coffee market. The unit price for coffee was much higher than standard market prices and those including certification premiums. Whilst quality is a key factor for specialty coffee, income increases via the specialty market are caveat bound. In particular, there is a critical requirement for efficient and effective cooperative management, and we provide suggestions for improvements. In the long-term, more focus is needed to increase the financial and human capacities of Ethiopian coffee cooperatives, to make them more effective partners in the specialty coffee value chain. The high conversion rates from harvested to clean exportable specialty coffee (8:1, or higher) is identified as a major constraint on profitability. We show that specialty coffee can bring about positive environmental benefits. Elevating coffee prices and farm profitability to bring household income levels to around or above the global poverty line may ensure the continuation of forest coffee production, and thus the retention of forest. The increases in income via specialty coffee production, reported in the study, were achieved without increasing land use or the application of environmentally costly inputs. Moreover, analysis of satellite data shows that a large proportion of the coffee farms surveyed retain a level of forest cover and quality approaching primary (undisturbed) forest, and that the coffee production area at Yayu has not experienced any significant deforestation (since 2000). We recommend that coffee premiums linked to environmental benefit should demonstrate clearly defined and appropriate metrics, as we have demonstrated here for forest (canopy) quality and coverage (area).
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Roba, Alemayehu Diriba, Shimelis Dekeba, Wasihun Gizaw, and Mosisa Mezigebu. "EVALUATION OF COFFEE GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY UNDER COFFEE SHADE TREES AT MECHARA ON STATION, WEST HARARGHE ZONE, ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3816.
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Abstract: Coffee production with shade trees is important to improve growth and quality of coffee, sustain and restore agroecology and nature based agroforestry practices. The trial was conducted at Mechara Agricultural Research Center (on station) in DaroLebu District of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The study was intended to evaluate the influence of coffee shade trees on growth performance, yield and quality of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) under the canopy of Erytherina absinica, Cordia africana and Acacia sieberiana. The design was Randomized complete block design with three replications. The outcome had been observed a significant value at (p<0.05) probability level, non- significant value at (p>0.05) probability level and highly significance value at (p<0.01) probability level between treatments. Statistically significant and non- significant differences were observed between shaded and unshaded as well as within shaded effect based on the given parameters. Integration of shade in coffee farming system created creditable promising in producing organic coffee. Shade utility could be confirmed as to be ecologically sustainable, economically viable and socially acceptable practice. In so doing that, the effect of Erytherina absinica, Cordia africana shade trees illustrated the highest mean value in most parameters, while the least one is under the Acacia sieberiana shade tree. So the effect of Erytherina absinica mean observed with the highest value on total bearing plants 60%, thousand seed weight 59% and yield in Quintal per hectare 47.4% greater than the least treatments’ mean value based on growth parameters. On the other hand, the effect of Erytherina absinica mean observed with the higher value on aromatic intensity 46.4%, aromatic quality 87.2%, acidity 92.4%, body 93.5%, flavors 88.6% and overall quality 88.6% than the least treatments’ mean value, and also the effect of un-shade mean observed with the higher value on astringency 68.8% and bitterness 93.5% than the least treatments’ mean value based on organoleptic parameters. The highest mean value of Erytherina absinica observed on total bearing plants 12.1, thousand seed weight 130 gram and yield in Quintal per hectare 5.7 based on growth parameters, while based on organoleptic parameters, the highest mean value observed under the effect of Erytherina absinica shade tree on aromatic intensity 4.5, aromatic quality 3.9, acidity 7.9, body 7.7, flavors 7.9 and overall quality 7.9. Therefore, based on the most treatments’ parameters, to be the best shade tree was Erythrina abyssinica followed by cordia africana. Commonly, the dynamic indication of the treatment’s means difference were indicated between shaded and unshaded rather than within shaded means variation at most treatments’ parameters.
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Alemu, Abera. "Determinants of Participation in Farmers Training Centre Based Extension Training in Ethiopia." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i2.8.
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The study assessed the determinants of farmers’ participation in farmers training center based trainings and its outcome on maize, haricot bean and coffee productivity. Data were collected from randomly selected 194 households. Outcomes of the FTC based training on maize, haricot bean and coffee productivity was analyzed using t-test whereas binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors determining farmers’ participation in FTC based training. The result showed that education, land size, contact with development agent, access to road, wealth status and livestock holding of the household positively determine households’ decision to participate whereas distance from FTC negatively determines households’ decision to participate. There was positive outcome of the FTC basedtraining on maize, haricot bean and coffee productivity. The study recommends that governmental, public and private sectors should expand access to education, access to road and strength linkage between famers and agricultural development agents.
Keywords: Farmers training centers, crop productivity
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Kassaye, Tolessa, Duchateau Luc, and Boeckx Pascal. "Analysis of coffee quality along the coffee value chain in Jimma zone, Ethiopia." African Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 29 (July 19, 2018): 1468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2018.13118.
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Shiferaw, Wondwesen, Ermiyas Mekonen, Kebere Bezaweletaw, Eliyas Mesikelu, Getachew Gashaw, Shiferaw Boke, Alayu Mekuria, and Bereket Zeleke. "IDENTIFICATION OF CROP PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS AND TECHNOLOGY NEEDS IN H1 AGRO-ECOLOGY OF SHISHIR PA IN SOUTH ARI DISTRICT OF SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1.2015.3053.
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The livelihood of over 93% of the people Southern Nation Nationality and peoples Region of Ethiopia dependent on agriculture; however, agricultural system in the region is at subsistence level. Much effort has been put to generate or adapt agricultural technologies that would help to increase production and productivity but only few technologies adopt by the end users. Because, technologies might have not be driven from the real need of the end users. A top bottom approach that dominantly centered researchers/ professional attitudes has been fallowed. For the successful research and development achievement, an agro-ecology based assessment is crucial to understand the specific farming system production practices and problems and technology needs of farmers and /or pastoralists. In this line, an assessment study was conducted in H1 agro-ecology of Shishir PA in Debub Ari district of South omo zone. Mixed farming is the livelihood of the farmers in the PA. The rain fall pattern is bimodal .Major crops grown in the area are Sorghum Maize, Common bean, field pea, and sunflower, Enset (Ensetventricosum), Yam, Cassava, Irish Potato, Sweet Potato, Taro, Garlic, Shallot, Cabbage, Banana, Coffe, Sugarcane, Corianders, Ginger and Peppers.
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Gashaw, Getachew, Amare Fassil, and Fuad Redi. "Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Pleurotus spp. Cultivated on Different Agricultural Wastes in Chiro, Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (August 27, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9312489.
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In the present study, mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida, were cultivated on different agricultural wastes namely coffee straw (CS), pea straw (PS), Sorghum Grain Residue (SGR), and Wheat Grain (WG) for the evaluation of antibacterial activity. Antimicrobial activity evaluation was carried out against human pathogenic microorganisms, namely, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi by using the disc diffusion method. Methanolic extracts of P. ostreatus cultivated on a Sorghum grain residue substrate were recorded for the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (19.8 mm) and P. aeruginosa (16.4 mm), and methanolic extracts of P. florida cultivated on a wheat grain substrate were recorded for the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (18.6 mm) and S. faecalis (14.8 mm). Therefore, results suggested that P. ostreatus and P. florida cultivated on the coffee straw and Sorghum grain substrate were found with the highest antimicrobial activity in comparison to other substrates. The results supported that the methanolic extracts of P. ostreatus and P. florida might indeed be potential sources of antibacterial agents.
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Lim, Sung Soo, Alex Winter-Nelson, and Mary Arends-Kuenning. "Household Bargaining Power and Agricultural Supply Response: Evidence from Ethiopian Coffee Growers." World Development 35, no. 7 (July 2007): 1204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.09.016.
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Kidist, Teshome, Girma Zerihun, and Eshetu Biniam. "Assessment of pre and post-harvest management practices on coffee (Coffea arabica L.) quality determining factors in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia." African Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 28 (July 11, 2019): 1216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2019.14116.
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Duguma, Mezgebu, Debela Feyssa, and Lisa Biber-Freudenberger. "Agricultural Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of Major Farming Systems: A Case Study in Yayo Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern Ethiopia." Agriculture 9, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9030048.
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Farming systems, with their concerns of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and productivity and production issues towards progress in human needs, wellbeing, and sustainable development, are challenging in most biosphere reserves. In this study, we assess the levels and trends of the agro-biodiversity and ecosystem services of different farming systems in the Yayo Biosphere Reserve in Ethiopia. Interviews with a total of 120 farmers, 16 key informants, and 12 focal group discussions (FDGs) were conducted, and species composition was assessed based on data collected on ten plots per major farming system. Result indicate that four farming systems, namely homegardens (HG), plantation coffee (PC), semi-forest coffee (SFC), and annual crop production (CP) systems, can be identified. Shannon and Evenness indices were highest in the HG system (H′ = 3.14, E = 0.8), and lowest in the CP system (H′ = 0.71, E = 0.18). Additionally, more diversified and relatively less cultivated farming systems provide more ecosystem services, and land users tend to practice less diversified farming systems in order to increase food supply at the expense of other ecosystem services. Therefore, this study recommends that diversified farming systems need to be considered to conserve or enhance specific ecosystem services in ways that reduce their negative tradeoffs.
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Biazin, Birhanu, Dong-Gill Kim, and Tefera Mengistu. "Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Following Land Use Changes in a Sub-Humid Climate." Environment and Natural Resources Research 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n1p70.
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There has been an incessant conversion of natural forests to agricultural land uses such as farmlands, grasslands and parkland agro-forestry in Africa during the last century. This study investigated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks following the conversion of a natural forest to coffee-based agro-forestry, grazing grassland and well-managed maize farm in a sub-humid tropical climate of Ethiopia. Soil samples (up to 1m depth) were taken from each of these four land use types. Taking the natural forest as a baseline and with duration of 35 years since land use conversion, the total SOC and TN stocks were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the different land use types when the entire 1m soil depth was considered. However, in the upper 0-10cm soil depth, the SOC and TN stocks were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the natural forest than the agricultural land use types. There were different patterns of SOC and TN distributions along the soil depths for the different land use types. The SOC stocks decreased with depth in natural forest, but did not show any increasing or decreasing trends in maize farm, grazing grassland, and coffee-based agroforestry. The results of this study revealed that the negative effects of converting natural forests to agricultural land use types on SOC and TN can be prevented through appropriate land management practices in cultivated and grazing lands and use of proper agroforestry practices in a sub-humid tropical climate.
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Kassa Cholbe, Mesfin, Fassil Kebede Yeme, and Wassie Haile Woldeyohannes. "Fertility Status of Acid Soils under Different Land Use Types in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3713967.
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Information on soil fertility status of acid soil of a particular area as affected by land use type is important for developing sound soil management systems for improved and sustainable agricultural productivity. The main objective of this study was to assess the fertility status and effect of land use change on soil physicochemical properties. In this study, adjacent three land use types, namely, enset-coffee, crop, and grazing land use were considered in four districts (i.e., Bolos Sore, Damot Gale, Damot Sore, and Sodo Zuria) of Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–20 cm from each land use type of the respective districts for physicochemical analyses. The results showed that land use types significantly affected ( P ≤ 0.05 ) soil properties such as bulk density, available P, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca, Mg), exchangeable acidity, and CEC. Besides, soil pH, OC, and TN were influenced significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) both by districts and land use types. The very strongly acidic soils were found predominantly in the crop and grazing lands whereas a neutral acidity level was found in the enset-coffee land use type of four districts. In conclusion, the study proves that land use type change within the same geographic setting can affect the severity of soil acidity due to over cultivation and rapid organic matter decomposition. Finally, the study recommends an in-depth study and analysis on the root causes in aggravating soil acidity under crop and grazing land use types.
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Feyisa, Jira Wakoya, Sultan Hussen Hebo, Firdawek Getahun Negash, Negussie Boti Sidamo, Kabtamu Tolosie Gergiso, Mulugeta Shegaze Shimbre, and Bitew Mekonnen Chekol. "Sub-fecundity and associated factors among mothers with natural planned conception attending antenatal care service in Arba Minch Health Facilities." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0241995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241995.
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Background Fecundity is a physiological ability to have children. The inability to get the desired child which was commonly caused by the prolonged time to conceive due to unwanted non-conception period increased from time to time. As a result, many couples are developing psychological, social, and economic problems and unstable life. However, information on fecundity status is limited in Ethiopia context. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of sub-fecundity and associated factors in Ethiopia context. Methods A health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch health facilities from March 25 to April 25, 2020. By using a systematic sampling method, 539 mothers were selected for the study. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the sub-fecundity. Variables with p-value <0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression analysis were interred and checked for association in a multivariable logistic regression model. The level of statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. Result The proportion of sub-fecundity was 17.8% with 95%CI (14.8%-21.3%). Mothers’ age ≥ 30 (AOR = 2.54, 95%CI; 1.18–5.48), partners’ age ≥ 35 (AOR = 2.20, 95%CI; 1.01–4.75), coffee consumption of ≥ 4 cups/day (AOR = 2.93, 95%CI; 1.14–7.53), menses irregularity (AOR = 3.79 95%CI; 2.01–7.14) and coital frequency of 1day/week (AOR = 3.65, 95%CI; 1.47–9.05) were significantly associated with the sub-fecundity. Conclusion This study found that a substantial proportion of mothers were sub-fecund. Factors that contributed to the sub-fecundity were pre-pregnancy; mothers’ age, partners’ age, coffee drinking of ≥ 4 cups/day, coital frequency of 1day/week, and menses irregularity. Thus, efforts to prevent sub-fecundity should focus on awareness creation as to plan to conceive at early age, reducing coffee consumption, increasing days of coital frequency per week, and investigating and treating mothers with irregular menses.
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Tesfaye, Tadesse Tefera, Tesfaye Bizuayehu, and Abera Girma. "Evaluation of the performance of coffee varieties under low moisture stressed areas of Southern Ethiopia." African Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2019.14591.
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Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, and Tefera Belachew. "Care and not wealth is a predictor of wasting and stunting of ‘The Coffee Kids’ of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia." Nutrition and Health 23, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106017706253.
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Background: The generation of cash from agricultural products is the mainstay of the livelihood of many households in developing countries. However, critics of cash cropping have highlighted its influence on dietary diversity and availability of food at the household level, eroding the potential for optimal child caring practices. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in three randomly selected coffee-producing districts of Jimma Zone in southwest Ethiopia. The underlying causes of malnutrition, food access, hygiene and care were assessed using the household food insecurity access scale, morbidity reports and infant and young child feeding practice core indicators of the World Health Organization. Anthropometric data were converted into weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and weight for height Z-scores to determine child nutritional outcomes. Results: Prevalence of underweight, wasting, stunting and thinness were 14.2%, 9.1%, 24.1% and 9.9%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that children with suboptimal meal frequency were more than three times more likely to develop wasting (AOR = 3.3, p < 0.0001). Female children were twice as likely to develop wasting compared with males (AOR = 2.00, 4.1, p = 0.05). Children with suboptimal dietary diversity were almost four times as likely to develop stunting (AOR = 3.95, p < 0.0001). Those who were not exclusively breastfed during their first 6 months were almost five times as likely to develop stunting (AOR = 4.66, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings imply that in coffee-producing areas, child caring practices are stronger independent predictors of nutritional status than wealth or economic indicators alone.
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Aschalew, Emire, and Asfaw Zebene. "Coffee growers local knowledge on shade tree species in Adola Rede District, Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia." African Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 40 (October 4, 2018): 2183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2018.13350.
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Abebe, Yadessa, Burkhardt Juergen, Bekele Endashaw, Hundera Kitessa, and Goldbach Heiner. "The role of soil nutrient ratios in coffee quality: Their influence on bean size and cup quality in the natural coffee forest ecosystems of Ethiopia." African Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 35 (December 31, 2019): 2090–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2019.14332.
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Begajo, Tesfaye Megiso, Yidenek Woldesenbet Bilina, and Gubay Aniley Getie. "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices in Coffee Producer Farmers’ Cooperative Unions: The Case of Bench-Maji, Kaffa, and Sheka Zones, South Western Ethiopia." World Journal of Business and Management 5, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v5i1.14224.
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The seventh ICA principle of "concern for community" clearly urges the cooperatives to carry out sustainable community development activities. Even though the cooperatives are serving the community directly or indirectly, their sight to the concept Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not clearly considered by their members, academicians, and the government. The objective of this study was to assess the corporate social responsibility practices performed by Coffee Producer Farmers’ Cooperative Unions at the study area. In this study primary and secondary data source were used. The size of respondents was 395 members of Cooperative Society and 50 Government officials. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The finding shows that there are job creation, supply of agricultural input, and expansion of coffee processing industry for serving both members and non-members, whereas drawback on the awareness creation to the community, participation of community in planning, implementing, and evaluating community projects, inconsistent allocation of community fund, and financial statements at unions’ offices for CSR budget. Therefore, management of the unions should participate the community during planning, implementing, and evaluating socially responsible projects, cooperative social responsibility practices should be thoroughly supervised and supported by the government, cooperatives from their annual surplus should allocate community fund, both GOs and NGOs working on sustainable development activity at the area must work with cooperatives, and Cooperatives have to maintain separate book of account to record financial activities of cooperative social responsibility practices.
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Hernandez, Manuel A., Shahidur Rashid, Solomon Lemma, and Tadesse Kuma. "Market Institutions and Price Relationships: The Case of Coffee in the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 99, no. 3 (March 24, 2017): 683–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaw101.
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Berhanu, Megerssa. "The role of avocado production in coffee based farming systems of South Western Ethiopia: The case of Jimma zone." African Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 19 (May 23, 2013): 2285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar11.2332.
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Mehare, Abule, and Abdi K. Edriss. "Evaluation of the Effect of Exchange Rate Variability on the Export of Ethiopia’s Agricultural Product: A Case of Coffee." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 7, no. 2 (May 2013): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801013483506.
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Teklay, Tesfay, and Anders Malmer. "Decomposition of leaves from two indigenous trees of contrasting qualities under shaded-coffee and agricultural land-uses during the dry season at Wondo Genet, Ethiopia." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, no. 5 (May 2004): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.12.013.
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Abera, Wuletawu, Lulseged Tamene, Tibebu Kassawmar, Kalkidan Mulatu, Habtemariam Kassa, Louis Verchot, and Marcela Quintero. "Impacts of land use and land cover dynamics on ecosystem services in the Yayo coffee forest biosphere reserve, southwestern Ethiopia." Ecosystem Services 50 (August 2021): 101338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101338.
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Kumera, Gemechu, Kalkidan Haile, Nurilgn Abebe, Tefera Marie, and Tewodros Eshete. "Anemia and its association with coffee consumption and hookworm infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 13, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): e0206880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206880.
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Belayneh Mulaw, Temesgen, Christian Kubicek, and Irina Druzhinina. "The Rhizosphere of Coffea Arabica in Its Native Highland Forests of Ethiopia Provides a Niche for a Distinguished Diversity of Trichoderma." Diversity 2, no. 4 (April 5, 2010): 527–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d2040527.
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Sewnet, Tadesse Chanie, and Fassil Assefa Tuju. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with shade trees and Coffea arabica L. in a coffee-based agroforestry system in Bonga, Southwestern Ethiopia." Afrika Focus 26, no. 2 (September 14, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v26i2.4912.
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In a first step to understand the interactions between Coffea arabica L. trees and mycorrhizae in Ethiopia, an investigation of the current mycorrhizal colonization status of roots was undertaken. We sampled 14 shade tree species occurring in coffee populations in Bonga forest, Ethiopia. Milletia ferruginea, Scheffiera abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, Ficus vasta, F. sur, Albizia gummifera, Olea capensis, Cordia africana, Ehretia abyssinica, Pouteria adolfi-friederici, Pavetta oliveriana, Prunus africana, Phoenix reclinata and Polyscias fulva. Coffee trees sampled under each shade tree were all shown to be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi). Four genera and 9 different species of AM fungi were found in the soils. Glomus (Sp1, Sp2, & Sp3 & Sp4), Scutellospora (Sp1 & Sp2) and Gigaspora (Sp1 & Sp2) were found under all 14 shade tree species, whereas Acaulospora (Sp1) occurred only in slightly acidic soils, within a pH range of 4.93-5.75. Generally, roots of the coffee trees were colonized by arbuscules to a greater degree than those of their shade trees, the arbuscular colonization percentage (AC%) of the former being higher than the latter (signifIcant difference at 0.05 level). Though differences were not statistically signifIcant, the overall hyphal colonization percentage (HC%) and mycorrhizal hyphal colonization percentage (MHC%) were shown to be slightly higher under coffee trees than under their shade trees. However, the differences were statistically significant at 0.05 level in the case of HC% values of coffee trees under Pouteria adolf-friederici and MHC% under Cordia africana. Spore density and all types of proportional root colonization parameters (HC%, MHC%, AC% and vesicular colonization percentage, VC%) for both coffee and shade trees were negatively and significantly correlated with organic soil carbon, total N, available P, EC and Zn. Correlation between arbuscular colonization for coffee (AC%) and organic carbon was not significantly positive at a 0.05 level. Incidence of specific spore morphotypes was also correlated with physical and chemical soil properties. Results indicate that AM fungi could potentially be important in aforestation and help to promote coffee production activities in Ethiopia providing an alternative to expensive chemical fertilizer use, and would offer management methods that take advantage of natural systems dynamics that could potentially preserve and enhance coffee production. Key words: aforestation; agroforestry, coffee groves, ecology, integrated production systems, rhizosphere, sustainable agriculture, symbiosis
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Verdoolaege, Annelies. "Editorial." Afrika Focus 26, no. 2 (September 14, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v26i2.4964.
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The Africa Platform of the Ghent University Association and its journal Afrika Focus have always tried to focus on academic expertise in Africa and on academic north-south collaboration. Through its annual conference and its journal the Africa Platform offers a forum in which African academics and northern scholars working on Africa can forge new and often interdisciplinary collaboration. Most of this research on Africa is highly relevant to the development of African societies, as became clear at the last symposium of 1 This editorial was written just a few days before Nelson Mandela passed away on 5 December 2013. We have lost a great man. Hamba Kahle Madiba. [5 ] the Africa Platform, entitled ‘Africa: (post-development)?’ This special issue of Afrika Focus contains a number of articles that were presented at that symposium, which took place on 7 December 2012. In his article ‘Performance, poverty and urban development: Kigali’s motari and the special city’ Rollason describes the con ict between motorcycle taxis in Kigali and the city authorities. Urban development of Kigali is at stake here as these motari do not seem to match the image of the city the government wants to present. The article by Debusscher ‘Gender equality in European Union development policy: incorporating women’s voices or con rming hierarchies?’ is highly critical of the gender mainstreaming approach of the EU in its development aid towards sub-Saharan Africa. The EU seems to be more con- cerned with reaching its policy goals rather than challenging existing power structures in Africa. Both of these articles raise awareness on the level of a particular development-re- lated issue, and they have the potential to lead to concrete recommendations for national or EU development policies. The three remaining articles in this issue do not t in with the development-topic. Mulamba’s article ‘Luba folklore and women’s ethno-gendered discourse of wifehood in “Cintu Wa Bujitu”’, throws light on the socialization function of the Lubà folk song, a folkloric tradition that seems to perpetuate gender inequalities. Naphulo’s linguistic article (‘Teacher and learner beliefs and expectations about English language teaching at a Mozambican university’) critically analyses English language teaching in tertiary in- stitutions. The conclusion is that cultural backgrounds and beliefs need to be considered in order to enable effective teaching. The nal article of this issue (‘Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with shade trees and Coffea arabica L. in a coffee-based agroforestry system in Bonga, Southwestern Ethiopia’) examines coffee production and describes how a certain type of fungi could be used as a (natural) alternative to chemical fertilizers, so as to enhance coffee production in the forest areas of Ethiopia. All three of these articles indicate that traditional knowledge – be it linguistic, cultural or botanic – always plays an important role when trying to gain insight into African societies or when trying to improve practices and policies related to education, health care or agriculture. This is an idea that should as a mat- ter of course be a consideration when designing research in an African context. We like to remind the reader that in addition to fully- edged articles, Afrika Focus also publishes reports of doctoral research or eld work. In this issue we offer you four reports of PhDs defended at Ghent University. All four of these PhD degress were ob- tained by African scholars, thus testifying to the vibrant research collaboration that exists between African institutions and this Western European university. These current reports belong to the domains of Biology and Marine Biology, Linguistics and Health Care.
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Temesgen, Fikiru, Milkessa Wakjira, and Abdissa Abirham. "Assessing the Economic Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Production and Distribution of Livestock Across Value Chain Approach: The Case of Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia." International Journal of Rural Management, March 15, 2021, 097300522199336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005221993369.
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The aim of the study was to assess the economic impact of the Coronavirus on the production and distribution of livestock across the value chain approach in the case of Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia, based on a total survey of 320 farmers. Descriptive statistics were used to present the effects of the pandemic on the marketing and consumption of major crop production and dairy products in the study areas. Survey result indicated that about 160 small holder farmers those involved in agriculture in the study areas were impacted by COVID-19 crises because the revenue of the farmer were close to down from 25 per cent to 50 per cent. The survey results also indicated that more than 37 per cent of the sample households in the study area affected by the COVID-19 crisis on workforce reduced consumer confidence. Lower demand in virus-affected states across the world will be transferred down the value chain, affecting demand and production levels at each stage, even in areas not directly affected by the virus. It seems that logistical issues linked to the COVID-19 crisis are creating extra costs in the coffee marketing system. Logistical and administrative issues regarding to the COVID-19 during the production time in the study areas were very low to providing service particularly input and fertilizer for the farmers on the time. Therefore, this study recommends that both fiscal and monetary policy instruments introduced by the government to fight the pandemic shall be continued, enforced and implemented in a coordinated way to support the effectiveness of interventions until the economy recovers.
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Gebreselassie, S., and E. Ludi. "Agricultural Commercialisation In Coffee Growing Areas Of Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of Economics 16, no. 1 (September 11, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eje.v16i1.39825.
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Adem, Abdi. "Evaluation of Hararge coffee (Coffea arabica L.) landraces for moisture stress tolerance." Journal of Plant Stress Physiology, June 30, 2021, 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.6413.
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Arabica Coffee is an important export commodity for Ethiopia, contributing 25 to 30 % of the country’s total foreign exchange earnings. Moisture stress is one of the major constraints of coffee production in Hararge, Eastern Ethiopia. Moisture stress affects the growth, yield and quality of coffee. Local coffee landraces are source of desirable traits including moisture stress tolerance. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate Hararge coffee landraces for moisture stress tolerance. Treatments consisted of 200 coffee landraces (178 from seven districts of east Hararge Zone and 22 from two districts of west Hararge Zone). The coffee landraces were field planted in July 2005 at Mechara Agricultural Research Center using augmented design with six trees per plot or accessions. Moisture stress tolerance was recorded from three randomly selected coffee trees per plot, three times a day (in the morning, noon and night) from January 05 to 25, 2014. The stress tolerance was determined using 1-5 scale by visual scoring (1- all leaves green and turgid, 2- most leaves still turgid but younger leaves show leaf folding; 3- all leaves wilt or fold, 4- Leaves partially turning pales, and partly shed showing severe wilting and 5-leaves completely turning brown and dry, mostly dropping). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study revealed that the coffee landraces varied in their level of tolerance to moisture stress. The 200 coffee landraces were grouped into seven clusters based on their level of tolerance to moisture stress. Nine coffee landraces (4.5%) were highly tolerant to moisture stress, 25 (12.5%) were tolerant, and 36 (18%) were moderately tolerant. On the other hand, 60 coffee landraces (30%) were less tolerant; while 57 (28.5%), 11(5.5%) and 2 (1%) were moderately sensitive, sensitive and highly sensitive to moisture stress, in that order. There was variation in coffee landraces for moisture stress tolerance both between and within areas of the collection. Hence, it is advisable to maintain and use promising coffee landraces in coffee breeding. Screening of the landraces under controlled conditions like green house and studying of mechanisms of moisture stress is also the way forward.
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Berhanu Sugebo. "ASSESSMENT AND FORECASTING OF BIOMASS POTENTIAL AND ENERGY DEMAND OF WONDO GENET DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA." EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD), February 13, 2021, 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra6242.
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Biomass energy is one of the important alternative sources of energy because it is renewable, cheaper, readily available and environmentally friendly.In Ethiopia, the lack of access to modern energy services that are clean, efficient and environmentally sustainable is a critical limitation of economic growth and sustainable development.The main aim of the present study was to assess biomass potential and energy potential from chat,sugarcane and coffee husk in Wondo Genet District and to forecast biomass and energy potential of the District for the coming ten years.Secondary data from agricultural office of Wondo Geneet District were used as data source of yearly available biomass potential and also purposively 60 electric city user households from the District were interviewed on their amount of energy consumption per month. Biomass potential forecasting for the next ten years was done using empirical formula. In the District in 2019 the total area covered by chat, coffee plant and sugarcane was 5414 hectares and from crop production 7255.03tons per year of residue was produced.The amount of energy produced from chat waste, coffee husk and sugarcane waste was 46397.62 GJ/year. Yearly growth rate of agricultural residues of chat,sugarcane and coffee husk is 2.7%, 2.3% and 1.4% per year respectively and after ten years residues will be grown 9224.602 tons/year.In the year of 2019,the average energy consumption of households in the District was 6KWh/day and total energy consumption of households in the Distric was 2040.22152GWh/year.The energy demand for households after ten years will be grown 472.021009979GJ/year. KEY WORDS: Biomass, Chat, coffee husk, energy
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Gashaw, Getachew, and Abebe Getu. "Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Pleurotus species Cultivated on Different Agricultural Wastes in Chiro, Ethiopia." Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, Of (November 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-165.
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Background: Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida were found to be an edible mushroom which have gained worldwide recognition and increasing popularity owing to their nutritional and medicinal values that can be cultivated on different agricultural wastes like Coffee straw, Pea straw, Sorghum Grain Residue, banana leaves, caw dung and Wheat Grain. The current study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Pleurotus species grown on different agricultural wastes and its nutritional purposeMethods: Antifungal activity was carried out against three human pathogenic microorganism Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum gypseum by using disc diffusion method. Result: Methanolic extract of Pleurotus florida gave strong antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum (12.8mm) and Epidermophyton floccosum (11.9mm) when compared to Pleurotus ostreatus. The results suggested that Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida cultivated on coffee straw and sorghum grain substrate were found with highest antifungal activity in comparison to other substrates. The results supported the methanolic extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida might indeed be potential sources of antifungal agents.