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Journal articles on the topic "Agriculture and eDNA"
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Osathanunkul, Maslin, Nipitpong Sawongta, Wittaya Pheera, Nikolaos Pechlivanis, Fotis Psomopoulos, and Panagiotis Madesis. "Exploring plant diversity through soil DNA in Thai national parks for influencing land reform and agriculture planning." PeerJ 9 (August 2, 2021): e11753. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11753.
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Background The severe deforestation, as indicated in national forest data, is a recurring problem in many areas of Northern Thailand, including Doi Suthep-Pui National Park. Agricultural expansion in these areas, is one of the major drivers of deforestation, having adverse consequences on local plant biodiversity. Conserving biodiversity is mainly dependent on the biological monitoring of species distribution and population sizes. However, the existing conventional approaches for monitoring biodiversity are rather limited. Methods Here, we explored soil DNA at four forest types in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park in Northern Thailand. Three soil samples, composed of different soil cores mixed together, per sampling location were collected. Soil biodiversity was investigated through eDNA metabarcoding analysis using primers targeting the P6 loop of the plastid DNA trnL (UAA) intron. Results The distribution of taxa for each sample was found to be similar between replicates. A strong congruence between the conventional morphology- and eDNA-based data of plant diversity in the studied areas was observed. All species recorded by conventional survey with DNA data deposited in the GenBank were detected through the eDNA analysis. Moreover, traces of crops, such as lettuce, maize, wheat and soybean, which were not expected and were not visually detected in the forest area, were identified. It is noteworthy that neighboring land and areas in the studied National Park were once used for crop cultivation, and even to date there is still agricultural land within a 5–10 km radius from the forest sites where the soil samples were collected. The presence of cultivated area near the forest may suggest that we are now facing agricultural intensification leading to deforestation. Land reform for agriculture usage necessitates coordinated planning in order to preserve the forest area. In that context, the eDNA-based data would be useful for influencing policies and management towards this goal.
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Wakelin, SA, VM Cave, BE Dignam, C. D’Ath, M. Tourna, LM Condron, J. Zhou, JD Van Nostrand, and M. O’Callaghan. "Analysis of soil eDNA functional genes: potential to increase profitability and sustainability of pastoral agriculture." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 4 (July 25, 2016): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2016.1209529.
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Hayes, Endia Louise, and Norah MacKendrick. "“Leave No Stone Unturned”." Gastronomica 22, no. 2 (2022): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2022.22.2.64.
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African American foodways have historically shared many of the same imperatives prized by writers, experts, and pundits concerned with making food systems more sustainable—namely, encouraging farm-to-table food distribution networks, using “natural” or low-impact agricultural methods, and inspiring scratch cooking with local, fresh ingredients. Contemporary writing about sustainable food and agriculture in the United States locates the origins of this movement in Europe and northern California. In this article, we challenge this conceptualization by presenting what we call the “food imaginaries” of three key historical figures: George Washington Carver, Fannie Lou Hamer, and Edna Lewis. These imaginaries not only reflect the knowledge constructions of a social group and map future possibilities through foodways but also challenge damaging narratives about African American food histories, particularly across the south. We find that these imaginaries envision food as a pathway to freedom, autonomy, pleasure, and joy, and tell greater stories of how “organic” and “natural” falters when imagined outside of Blackness. These imaginaries, we argue, are central to American agricultural and political histories, and have important implications for sustainability and food justice movements in the United States.
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Soares, Tales Miler, Ênio Farias de França e Silva, Sergio Nascimento Duarte, Ralini Ferreira Melo, Cristiano de Andrade Jorge, and Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva. "PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE UTILIZANDO ÁGUAS SALINAS EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO." IRRIGA 12, no. 2 (August 10, 2007): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2007v12n2p235-248.
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PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE UTILIZANDO ÁGUAS SALINAS EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO Tales Miler Soares1; Ênio Farias de França e Silva1; Sergio Nascimento Duarte1; Ralini Ferreira Mélo1; Cristiano de Andrade Jorge1; Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva21Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, talesmiler@bol.com.br 2Departamento de Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 1 RESUMO A tolerância das culturas à salinidade deve ser maior em sistemas hidropônicos do que em sistemas convencionais de cultivo. Essa possibilidade pode contribuir para uma nova perspectiva à agricultura do semi-árido brasileiro, colaborando, inclusive, para uma maior segurança ambiental. No período de 02/10/2006 a 03/11/2006, foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de águas salinas sobre a produção de alface crespa (Lactuca sativa L.) em condições hidropônicas. Os diferentes níveis de salinidade da água (0,43; 1,40; 2,23; 3,08 e 3,93 dS m-1) foram preparados com a adição de NaCl e CaCl2 (1:1, base peso). O aumento da salinidade da água não interferiu significativamente na acumulação de massa seca das raízes e na relação raiz/parte aérea, mas reduziu com significância estatística a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e o consumo de água pelas plantas. Também foi constatada diminuição de 4,08% na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea para cada acréscimo unitário (dS m-1) na condutividade elétrica da água. UNITERMOS: salinidade, condutividade elétrica, Lactuca sativa L., cultivo sem solo. SOARES, T.M.; SILVA, E.F.F.S.; DUARTE, S.N.; MÉLO, R.F.; JORGE, C.A.; BONFIM-SILVA, E.M.B. HYDROPONIC LETTUCE PRODUCTION USING SALINE WATERS 2 ABSTRACT Plant tolerance to salt is supposed to be greater in hydroponic systems than in conventional systems. This possibility can contribute to a new perspective in Brazilian semi-arid agriculture, besides improving environmental safety. From October 2 to November 3, 2006, astudy aiming to evaluate the effects of saline water on crisp head lettuce production under hydroponic conditions was carried out. Different water salinity levels (0.43; 1.40; 2.23; 3.08 and 3.93 dS m‾¹) were prepared with NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1, weight basis). Water salinity increase did not affect root dry mass accumulation and root/shoot ratio whereas it significantly decreased shoot dry mass and water consumption. For each unit increase in water salinity (dS m‾¹), lettuce production decreased in 4.08% KEYWORDS: salinity, electrical conductivity, Latuca sativa L., soil less cultivation
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Moro, L. N., G. Vichera, and D. Salamone. "240 QUALITY AND VIABILITY OF IVF BOVINE EMBRYOS AFTER INTRACYTOPLASMIC INJECTION OF DNA–LIPOSOME COMPLEXES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab240.
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Transgenic animals have important applications in agriculture and human medicine; nevertheless the available techniques still remain inefficient and technically difficult. We have recently developed a novel method to transfect bovine embryos that consists of intracytoplasmic injection of exogenous DNA–liposome complexes (eDNA-LC) in IVF zygotes. This study was designed to evaluate the quality and viability of IVF bovine embryos, after intracytoplasmic injection of pCX-EGFP–liposome complexes (EGFP-LC) or pBCKIP2.8-liposome complexes (plasmid that codifies the human insulin gene, HI-LC). First, we evaluated embryo development and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression of IVF embryos injected with both plasmids separately. This treatment was analysed by Fisher's Exact test (P ≤ 0.05). Cleavage rates for EGFP-LC, HI-LC and IVF embryos injected with liposomes alone (IVF-L) and IVF control (IVF-C) were 62% (63/102), 67% (67/100), 66% (67/101) and 79% (98/124); blastocysts rates were 17% (17/102), 21% (21/100), 21% (21/101) and 23% (28/124), respectively. No statistical differences were seen among groups. The percentage of EGFP-positive embryos (EGFP+) after EGFP-LC injection was 42.9% after 3 days of culture and 41.8% at the blastocyst stage. In the second experiment, the blastocysts obtained, EGFP+ or EGFP-negative (EGFP–), were analysed by TUNEL assay at Day 6 (Bd6), 7 (Bd7) and 8 (Bd8) of in vitro culture, in order to evaluate the effect of the transgene and culture length, on DNA fragmentation. This treatment was analysed by the difference of proportions test (P ≤ 0.05) using statistical INFOSTAT software. All EGFP+ blastocysts showed TUNEL positive cells (T+). The percentage of T+ in Bd6, Bd7 and Bd8 were 91, 73.7 and 99.5%, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). EGFP– blastocysts showed lower fragmented nuclei (0, 44.6 and 85%, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). Groups IVF-L and IVF-C were also evaluated. In both groups, there was no evidence of DNA fragmentation in Bd6 and Bd7, but T+ were detected in Bd8 (66.4 and 85.8%, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). In the third experiment, bovine blastocysts obtained from the HI-LC group were individually transferred to recipient cows after 6 (n = 11), 7 (n = 5) and 8 (n = 5) days of culture post-IVF and HI-LC injection. The pregnancies obtained were from Bd6 [18.2% (2/11)] and Bd7 [40% (2/5)], although none of the recipients receiving Bd8 were diagnosed pregnant. Two pregnancies developed to term, one derived from Bd6 and the other from Bd7. Analysis by PCR determined that none of the born cows were transgenic. In summary, IVF bovine embryos could be easily transfected after the injection of eDNA-LC and the technique did not affect offspring viability. The results indicate that extended time in in vitro culture increases the percentage of fragmented nuclei in blastocysts. Moreover, this parameter increases in blastocysts with transgene expression compared with those without expression. Finally, more transfers are required in order to obtain the real efficiency of this new technique and to overcome the drawbacks generated by in vitro culture length and transgene expression.
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Adame, Maria Fernanda, and Ruth Reef. "Potential Pollution Sources from Agricultural Activities on Tropical Forested Floodplain Wetlands Revealed by Soil eDNA." Forests 11, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080892.
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Tropical floodplain wetlands are found in low-lying areas that are periodically inundated. During wet periods, these wetlands can receive large amounts of suspended and dissolved material from the catchment, including many potential pollutants. In this study, we use traditional isotope tracers (δ15N and δ13C) along with soil eDNA to investigate the sources of transported materials and potential contaminants in seven forested floodplain wetlands in tropical Australia. We hypothesised that eDNA and isotope tracers in the soil would reflect the land use of the catchment. Our goal was to test whether eDNA could be used as a potential tool to identify and monitor pollutants in floodplain wetlands. The sampling sites were located within catchments that have a mosaic of land types, from well-conserved rainforests to intensive agricultural land uses, such as grazing, sugar cane, wood production, and horticulture. The soil eDNA was comprised of a mix of plant species consistent with the land use of the catchments. Most of the eDNA pool was derived from native trees, accounting for 46.2 ± 6.5% of the total; while cultivated species associated with agricultural activities contributed to 1–24% of the total. From the cultivated species, highest contributions (>5%) were from Sorghum sp. used for grazing, banana (Musa ornata), melons (Cucumis melo), and Pinus radiata and Juniperus sp. grown for wood production. Interestingly, tropical wetlands on sites 15 km offshore had soil eDNA from agricultural activities of the mainland, highlighting the connectivity of these wetlands, probably during extensive floods. Overall, soil eDNA, more than isotopic tracers, showed promising results for tracing and monitoring potential pollutants in tropical floodplain wetlands that are highly connected and susceptible to environmental degradation.
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Adams, Clare, Luke Hoekstra, Morgan Muell, and Fredric Janzen. "A Brief Review of Non-Avian Reptile Environmental DNA (eDNA), with a Case Study of Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) eDNA Under Field Conditions." Diversity 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11040050.
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an increasingly used non-invasive molecular tool for detecting species presence and monitoring populations. In this article, we review the current state of non-avian reptile eDNA work in aquatic systems, and present a field experiment on detecting the presence of painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) eDNA. Thus far, turtle and snake eDNA studies have shown mixed results in detecting the presence of these animals under field conditions. However, some instances of low detection rates and non-detection occur for these non-avian reptiles, especially for squamates. We explored non-avian reptile eDNA quantification by sampling four lentic ponds with different densities (0 kg/ha, 6 kg/ha, 9 kg/ha, and 13 kg/ha) of painted turtles over three months to detect differences in eDNA using a qPCR assay amplifying the COI gene of the mtDNA genome. Only one sample of the highest-density pond amplified eDNA for a positive detection. Yet, estimates of eDNA concentration from pond eDNA were rank-order correlated with turtle density. We present the “shedding hypothesis”—the possibility that animals with hard, keratinized integument do not shed as much DNA as mucus-covered organisms—as a potential challenge for eDNA studies. Despite challenges with eDNA inhibition and availability in water samples, we remain hopeful that eDNA can be used to detect freshwater turtles in the field. We provide key recommendations for biologists wishing to use eDNA methods for detecting non-avian reptiles.
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Kakuda, Aozora, Hideyuki Doi, Rio Souma, Mariko Nagano, Toshifumi Minamoto, and Izumi Katano. "Environmental DNA detection and quantification of invasive red-eared sliders, Trachemy scripta elegans, in ponds and the influence of water quality." PeerJ 7 (December 6, 2019): e8155. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8155.
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool for monitoring the distribution of aquatic macro-organisms. However, environmental factors, including the water temperature and water quality, can affect the inhibition and/or degradation of eDNA, which complicates accurate estimations of eDNA concentrations and the detection of the presence/absence of species in natural habitats. Further very few eDNA studies have been conducted for reptiles, especially with respect to estimating their biomass and/or abundances. Here we examined the relationship between the visually-observed number of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and eDNA concentrations across 100 ponds. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of water quality on red-eared slider eDNA concentration in these ponds. We found that there was a significant positive correlation between the observed number of red-eared sliders and the eDNA concentration in the ponds. On comparing various water quality indicators, including dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorous, organic matter, and chlorophyll a (Chl. a), we found that only Chl. a had a negative correlation with the red-eared slider eDNA concentration, while we did not find any inhibition in the quantitative PCR. We conclude that concentrations of eDNA can potentially be used for estimating the abundance of the red-eared slider. Additionally, Chl. a might indirectly influence the degradation of eDNA through the microorganisms bonded to the phytoplankton in the ponds, as microbial activity is thought to decrease eDNA persistence.
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Ogden, Lesley Evans. "The Emergence of eDNA." BioScience 72, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab120.
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Uchida, Noriko, Kengo Kubota, Shunsuke Aita, and So Kazama. "Aquatic insect community structure revealed by eDNA metabarcoding derives indices for environmental assessment." PeerJ 8 (June 11, 2020): e9176. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9176.
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Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis provides an efficient and objective approach for monitoring and assessing ecological status; however, studies on the eDNA of aquatic insects, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), are limited despite its potential as a useful indicator of river health. Here, we investigated the community structures of aquatic insects using eDNA and evaluated the applicability of eDNA data for calculating assessment indices. Field surveys were conducted to sample river water for eDNA at six locations from upstream to downstream of two rivers in Japan in July and November 2016. Simultaneously, aquatic insects were collected using the traditional Surber net survey method. The communities of aquatic insects were revealed using eDNA by targeting the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in mitochondrial DNA via metabarcoding analyses. As a result, the eDNA revealed 63 families and 75 genera of aquatic insects, which was double than that detected by the Surber net survey (especially for families in Diptera and Hemiptera). The seasonal differences of communities were distinguished by both the eDNA and Surber net survey data. Furthermore, the total nitrogen concentration, a surrogate of organic pollution, showed positive correlations with biotic environmental assessment indices (i.e., EPT index and Chironomidae index) calculated using eDNA at the genus-level resolution but the indices calculated using the Surber net survey data. Our results demonstrated that eDNA analysis with higher taxonomic resolution can provide as a more sensitive environmental assessment index than the traditional method that requires biotic samples.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agriculture and eDNA"
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Campos, Núria Mariana. "Disponibilidade de metais-traço em solos submetidos à agricultura intensiva em Jaguaquara, Ba." Instituto de Geociências, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/24546.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a disponibilidade, mobilidade e distribuição dos metais-traço (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb e Zn) em áreas cultivadas com olericólas do município de Jaguaquara, Bahia. Para avaliar a disponibilidade, distribuição e/ou mobilidade dos metais nos solos oriundos de aportes antropogênicos, como uso intensivo de agroquímicos, são utilizados diferentes métodos de extração, designados parciais (EDTA e água régia), digestão total ou extração sequencial (utilização de uma série de extratores, também conhecido com extração sequencial). A extração parcial promove a retirada dos metais fracamente adsorvidos nas frações geoquímicas; total também os teores não lábeis. Os métodos de fracionamento químico visam avaliar os metais associados desde a fração trocável até os metais que estão fortemente ligados na fração residual, com a utilização de reagentes seletivos sob condições experimentais específicas para cada etapa de extração. Neste trabalho foram realizadas extração sequencial, extração parcial (EDTA e água régia) e digestão total em 37 amostras de solos cultivados (0-20 cm). Para o fracionamento foi utilizado o método proposto por Tessier et al. (1979), adaptado. Foram realizadas também as seguintes análises: granulometria, pH, Eh, matéria orgânica (MO), nitrogênio total (N), fósforo assimilável (P), capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC). Os metais-traço Ni e Cr (digestão com EDTA) permaneceram abaixo dos limites de detecção em todas as amostras. Análises estatísticas mostraram que há diferenças significativas entre os métodos estudados e em relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos e a distribuição dos metais. Os parâmetros que mais interferem na distribuição dos metais (extração EDTA e água régia) são granulometria, pH, MO e P. O fracionamento químico revelou distribuições diferenciadas dos metais nas frações geoquímicas de solos e sedimentos. Os metais Cr, Pb e Zn apresentaram distribuição diferenciada nas frações; já o Pb apresentou sempre uma maior proporção na fração residual. Com o Fator de Mobilidade foi possível verificar a ordem de mobilidade dos metais Cr >Pb > Zn. Uma comparação entre os métodos mostrou que o EDTA extrai os metais mais facilmente disponíveis, a água régia, extraiu além, desses os metais com menos disponibilidade, e a digestão total extraiu principalmente os metais não disponíveis para ambiente.
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RUSSO, ANA C. "Avaliação da biodisponibilidade dos radionuclídeos Ra-226, Ra-228 e Pb-210 presentes nos fertilizantes fosfatados e no fosfogesso de procedência nacional." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10199.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Reyes, Gutiérrez Marco Antonio. "Evaluación de calidad de fruto de higo (Ficus carica L.) con aplicación de calcio foliar, traslocado por quelatos EDTA y glicina." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/98698.
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The fig (Ficus carica L.) is characterized as a highly perishable infructescence due to its high
susceptibility to softening and mechanical damages. During the last decades, the
conservation studies of fresh fruit have focused on the application of new post-harvest
technologies to increase the useful life of the fruit to maintain the original quality of fresh
fruit as long as possible. Some studies prove that the application of calcium (Ca+2) increases
the useful life of the fruit. However, the low mobility of calcium in the phloem and its low
translocation from the place of application can limit the effect of calcium in situ. Therefore,
the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the fruits of the fig tree with
biophysical and biochemical variables, during the development and post-harvest, by the
effect of calcium chelating translocation to the infructescence, when it is applied foliarly. The
work was done in Alfajayucan municipality, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Nine treatments were
performed of which five of them employed the amino acid glycine applied simultaneously
with calcium chloride (1.6 mM+0.5%, 1.6 mM+1.0%, 3.2 mM+0.5%, 3.2 mM+1.0%, 3.2
VI
mM+1.5%), in three treatments the EDTA chelate was applied simultaneously with calcium
chloride (2.68 mM+0.5%, 2.68 mM+1.0%, 2.68 mM+1.5%) and a control (0 mM glicina, 0
mM EDTA y 0% CaCl2). The samples obtained in pre-harvest and post-harvest were
transported to Horticultural Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UAEMéx.,
where were evaluated pre-harvest variables: fresh weight, polar/equatorial diameter and
calcium content (Ca); and post-harvest variables: weight loss, firmness and color. The
statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for the variables: fresh
weight, polar/equatorial diameter and firmness, nevertheless, for the variables weight loss,
calcium content and color there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). The control treatment
showed the infructescences with the lowest calcium content (0.103mg∙g-1
) and a considerable
loss of weight (49.3% 7 days after harvest) compared to the infructescences of treatments 1.6
mM glycine + 1.0% CaCl2 y 2.69,mM EDTA + 1.5% CaCl2 that obtained positive results for
these variables: 30.5% y 2.74 mg∙g-1
; 29.9% y 3.59 mg∙g-1
respectively.
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Boissinot, Sylvaine. "Partenaires et rôle dans le cycle viral des différentes formes de la protéine RT du Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998392.
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Les polérovirus infectent de nombreuses plantes d'intérêt économique telles que la pomme de terre, la betterave à sucre et les cucurbitacées. Ces virus icosaédriques renferment un ARN simple brin et leur capside est constituée d'une protéine majeure (CP) et d'un composant mineur (RT*) localisé à la surface des virions. Ces virus sont restreints aux cellules du phloème dans lesquelles ils se multiplient et se déplacent. Les protéines CP et RT sont essentielles à la dissémination du virus par le puceron vecteur et à son mouvement dans la plante. L'objectif de cette étude a consisté à identifier dans les cellules du phloème, les protéines associées aux virions susceptibles d'intervenir dans le cycle viral en criblant une banque d'ADNc de cellules compagnes (CC) d'A. thaliana avec les protéines de structure ou des domaines protéiques du CABYV. Quatre gènes codant pour une protéine Heat Shock (HSP), la profiline 3 (PRF3) une glysosyl hydrolase ; et la protéine " Response to low sulfur 3 " ont été identifiés. Tous ces gènes candidats interagissent avec le domaine RTC-ter du CABYV et avec la protéine RT* pour la protéine HSP. En plus de ces gènes candidats, je me suis intéressée à la protéine ALY, identifiée au laboratoire, au cours du criblage d'une banque d'ADNc de puceron entier avec les deux protéines de structure du Turnip yellows virus (un autre polérovirus). Cette protéine possède quatre orthologues chez Arabidopsis susceptibles d'être impliquées dans le mécanisme de gene silencing mis en place contre le Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus. Les protéines ALY sont donc des candidats intéressants et j'ai montré une interaction entre les protéines de structure du CABYV et du TuYV et les quatre orthologues d'Arabidopsis. L'implication de ces gènes candidats n'a pas pu être confirmée à ce jour dans des mutants knock-out d'arabidopsis. Les résultats complexes obtenus pour le candidat PRF3 au cours des analyses de validation fonctionnelle, m'a conduit à étudier l'interaction entre ce candidat et le domaine RTC-ter du CABYV in planta par FLIM mais aucune interaction n'a pu être confirmée à ce jour. Tous les candidats isolés lors du criblage de la banque d'ADNc de CC interagissant avec le domaine RTC-ter du CABYV, ce travail m'a conduit à analyser le rôle dans le cycle viral de ce domaine et de la protéine RT (sous sa forme complète ou dépourvue du domaine RTC-ter), en étudiant l'accumulation de ces mutants dans les plantes et le clivage de la protéine RT. Tout d'abord, afin de localiser précisément le site de clivage de la protéine RT, des mutants ponctuels dans la zone de clivage ont été réalisés ce qui a permis de montrer que la structure secondaire de la protéine est importante pour son clivage. Puis, afin d'analyser le rôle du domaine RTC-ter dans le cycle viral, j'ai obtenu par délétion, un mutant n'exprimant plus ce domaine. Ce mutant synthétise uniquement la protéine RT tronquée, forme des particules virales semblables au virus sauvage et est transmissible par puceron. Par contre, de façon surprenante, ce mutant est incapable d'envahir les feuilles non-inoculées d'une plante. Ce résultat suggère que les deux formes de la protéine RT (complète et tronquée) sont indispensables au mouvement à longue distance du virus et nous proposons un modèle dans lequel le domaine C-terminal de la protéine RT agit en trans sur la particule virale pour promouvoir le mouvement du CABYV à longue distance.
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Meerkotter, Marÿke. "Sources of heavy metals in vegetables in Cape Town and possible methods of remediation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1721.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDCape Town includes two vegetable farming areas within the city limits, the Joostenbergvlakte/Kraaifontein area and the Philippi area. Both areas supply produce to local markets and further afield. Sporadically, high levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc have been found to occur in some of the soils, irrigation water resources and crops. To find the sources of specifically Cd, Pb and Zn to these agricultural systems, extensive analysis of several heavy metals in inputs such as fertilizers, agrochemicals and supplementary water resources to these farming areas was undertaken. Heavy metal concentrations in soils, irrigation water resources and crops were also determined. Two mitigation techniques that could be used to remediate Cd, Pb and Zn contamination were investigated. The first mitigation method included immobilization of heavy metals as phosphate complexes by using a triple super phosphate fertilizer, while the second method involved mobilisation and thus leaching of heavy metals away from plant roots using EDTA. These mitigation methods were tested in a pot experiment using cabbage as the experimental crop and soil from these areas as growth medium. A survey of common farming practices in these two areas and farmers willingness to use remediation methods was conducted.
South Africa
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Meerkotter, Maryke. "Sources of heavy metals in vegetables in Cape Town and possible methods of remediation." Thesis, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5235_1332924778.
Full textAbstract:
Cape Town includes two vegetable farming areas within the city limits, the Joostenbergvlakte/Kraaifontein area and the Philippi area. Both areas supply produce to local markets and further afield. Sporadically, high levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc have been found to occur in some of the soils, irrigation water resources and crops. To find the sources of specifically Cd, Pb and Zn to these agricultural systems, extensive analysis of several heavy metals in inputs such as fertilizers, agrochemicals and supplementary water resources to these farming areas was undertaken. Heavy metal concentrations in soils, irrigation water resources and crops were also determined. Two mitigation techniques that could be used to remediate Cd, Pb and Zn contamination were investigated. The first mitigation method included immobilization of heavy metals as phosphate complexes by using a triple super phosphate fertilizer, while the second method involved mobilisation and thus leaching of heavy metals away from plant roots using EDTA. These mitigation methods were tested in a pot experiment using cabbage as the experimental crop and soil from these areas as growth medium. A survey of common farming practices in these two areas and farmers willingness to use remediation methods was conducted.
Books on the topic "Agriculture and eDNA"
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Roald, Dahl. Fantastic Mr Fox (Colour Edn). Puffin, 2014.
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Blake, Quentin, and Dahl Roald. Fantastic Mr Fox (Colour Edn). Penguin Books, Limited, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Agriculture and eDNA"
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Roopa G. M., Arun Kumar G. H., Naveen Kumar K. R., and Nirmala C. R. "Optimized Data Mining Techniques for Outlier Detection, Removal, and Management Zone Delineation for Yield Prediction." In Modern Techniques for Agricultural Disease Management and Crop Yield Prediction, 222–58. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9632-5.ch010.
Full textAbstract:
Enormous agricultural data collected using sensors for crop management decisions on spatial data with soil parameters like N, P, K, pH, and EC enhances crop growth for soil type. Spatial data play vital role in DSS, but inconsistent values leads to improper inferences. From EDA, few observations involve outliers that deviates crop management assessments. In spatial data context, outliers are the observations whose non-spatial attributes are distinct from other observations. Thus, treating an entire field as uniform area is trivial which influence the farmers to use expensive fertilizers. Iterative-R algorithm is applied for outlier detection to reduce the masking/swamping effects. Outlier-free data defines interpretable field patterns to satisfy statistical assumptions. For heterogeneous farms, the aim is to identify sub-fields and percentage of fertilizers. MZD achieved by interpolation technique predicts the unobserved values by comparing with its known neighbor-points. MZD suggests the farmers with better knowledge of soil fertility, field variability, and fertilizer applying rates.
Conference papers on the topic "Agriculture and eDNA"
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Zhao, Hefei, and Selina Wang. "Isolation and purification phenolic compounds in California olive pomace by pilot-scale C18 gel chromatography." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/hkjz6249.
Full textAbstract:
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United States (mainly in California) produced 151,950 tons of olives in 2019, which resulted in a large amount of pomace waste. While many researchers focused on crude extraction and macroporous resin purification from European olive pomace on an analytical scale, few studies have been conducted to isolate fractions of US olive pomase (OP) by pilot-scale C18 chromatography. Hexane defatted Arbequina California OP was extracted by water, and the extract was loaded to a pilot-scale chromatography column with 262.5 mL C18 gel, and the elute syrup (ES) was collected. Desorptions were applied by 1 L of acidified water (AW), 35% methanol (35M) and 70% methanol (70M), respectively. The fractions were concentrated then freeze-dried. Total phenol contents (TPC) were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Individual phenols were determined by HPLC-DAD. Results showed that the TPC of the fractions of ES, AW, 35M and 70M were 2.88, 29.39, 170.56 and 235.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, respectively. Heatmap cluster analysis showed that ES and AW fractions had similar phenol profiles with hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol-glucoside; and 35M had hydroxytyrosol-glucoside, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol-glucoside, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), verbascoside and oleuropein; 70M contained hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol-glucoside, tyrosol, but generally had more nonpolar compounds such as verbascoside, rutin and oleuropein. Very interestingly, the 3,4-DHPEA-EDA in water extract at 31.43 min disappeared in 35M and 70M fractions, meanwhile a new peak at 29.25 min showed up which could be a new compound derived from 3,4-DHPEA-EDA possibly because of the acidified process. This study could be the first-ever report of phenol profile of pilot-scale C18 fractions of the US OP. This new data on the chemical compositions of the OP C18 fractions provides practical knowledge for the valorization and industrial food applications of the US olive wastes.