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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 April 2023

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1

Adamowicz, Mieczysław. "CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL POLICY SYSTEMS AND FORMS OF AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3208.

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The paper aimed to present the role of agriculture in the economy in OECD countries and changes in their agricultural policies. The aim of the work is an assessment of agriculture in the period 1995-2014 and changes in the level and structure of support by governments and their institutions to agriculture within the agricultural policy systems. The parspective for agricultual policy till 2020 was presented as well. The data and informations for the work was gathered foom literature, OECD publications, especially OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation Report 2015. Evaluation of GDP, TSE, PSE, CSE and GSSE were presented for specific group of countries.

2

Ahner, D. "Agriculture and agricultural policy in the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 2 (February 29, 2012): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5266-agricecon.

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The paper deals with the particular stages of development of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the last forty years. The process and impacts of CAP reforms are analyzed for the particular production industries of agriculture. The paper also presents a detailed description of Agenda 2000 and mid-term review of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2002 that brought about many proposals for the future working of CAP after accession of Central and Eastern European countries.

3

Střeleček, F., and J. Lososová. "Impact of Common Agricultural Policy on Czech agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 11 (March 2, 2012): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5439-agricecon.

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This contribution describes eight variants of the distribution of the direct payments and their impact on the farm economies in the years 2004–2006. For this purpose, selective set of 152 farms was divided in accordance with production regions: maize-growing, beet-growing, potato-growing, potato and oats-growing and uplands1. Possible demands for standard direct payments depending on the farm situation in 2002 and demands for payments set by different variants of the simplified system of direct payment distribution were figured to each of observed farms. To be comparable, individual bonuses were converted per 1 hectare of the farmland and to be considered more objectively, the eventual subsidies in terms of HRDP were calculated to the farms. In conclusion, all mentioned variants were compared from the point of view of their impact on the farm economies in different production and climatic regions.

4

Ramphul, O. "Agricultural exports and the growth of agriculture in India." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 5 (May 28, 2013): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/118/2012-agricecon.

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The study empirically investigates the causality between agricultural exports and gross domestic product (GDP) agriculture in India using the Granger causality test via Vector Error-Correction Model over the period 1970–1971 to 2009–2010. The results of unit-root tests suggest that the series of India’s GDP agriculture and farm exports are integrated of order one. The results of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach to co-integration show that there is a positive and stable long-run equilibrium relationship between India’s agricultural exports and GDP of agriculture. We find a unidirectional causal link running from farm exports to gross domestic product of agriculture. It indicates that in India, agricultural products export Granger causes the growth in GDP of agriculture, which supports the export-led growth hypothesis. It is suggested that in order to accelerate the agricultural growth rate in India, there is a need to implement the policies encouraging the agricultural exports.  

5

Seguin, Rose, Mark G. Lefsrud, Treena Delormier, Jan Adamowski, and Helen Fyles. "Interregional Differences in Agricultural Development across Circumpolar Canada." ARCTIC 75, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic74717.

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In response to the circumpolar region’s high levels of food insecurity, many Canadian communities have identified the development of local agriculture as a means to resolve the issue. Agricultural development is varied across the circumpolar region, an area which includes Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Nunavik (Quebec), and Nunatsiavut (Newfoundland and Labrador). This review explores the interregional differences in circumpolar agriculture, their historical development, and their relationship to prevailing biophysical, socioeconomic, and political conditions. Drawing upon local food strategies and literature pertaining to current agricultural initiatives, we discuss the future direction of circumpolar agriculture in Canada. Yukon and the Northwest Territories are the most agriculturally developed subregions of circumpolar Canada, and their territorial governments support the development of commercial agriculture. In Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut, relatively few agricultural initiatives are underway although local efforts have been made to establish community gardens or greenhouses and improve access to fresh commodities through subsidization of imported goods. Because of variability in biophysical, social, institutional, and political environments, strategies for food production would be most effective if tailored to each subregion. The continued development of agriculturally favorable policies and certified processing facilities in Yukon and the Northwest Territories could improve market access, both locally and out-of-territory. The eastern subregions (Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut) seem more inclined towards small, community-driven projects; these initiatives could be promoted to encourage community involvement for their long-term sustainability. Most studies on circumpolar agriculture have focused on the biophysical and social challenges; the region would benefit from additional research into the institutional and political barriers to agricultural development.

6

Crampton, Andrea, and Angela T. Ragusa. "Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 3 (March 25, 2014): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.212.

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Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural residents surrounded by agriculture, the link between agriculture and water quality is easy to make and thus informed decisions about water consumption are possible. Urban residents, however, are removed from agricultural activity and indeed drinking water sources. Urban and rural residents were interviewed to identify perceptions of agriculture's impact on drinking water. Rural residents thought agriculture could impact their water quality and, in many cases, actively avoided it, often preferring tank to surface water sources. Urban residents generally did not perceive agriculture to pose health risks to their drinking water. Although there are more agricultural contaminants recognised in the latest Australian Drinking Water Guidelines than previously, we argue this is insufficient to enhance consumer protection. Health authorities may better serve the public by improving their proactivity and providing communities and water utilities with the capacity to effectively monitor and address agricultural runoff.

7

Bowers, J. "Sustainability, Agriculture, and Agricultural Policy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 8 (August 1995): 1231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271231.

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In this paper, the problem of achieving sustainable development in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other policy suggestions is examined. Sustainable development is defined as a commitment to conserve necessary biological, cultural, and aesthetic capital for future generations. This is not a costless process. Constraints are required on current economic activity, entailing sacrifices by the current generation, if sustainability requirements are to be met. Specific wildlife sites within the farmed landscape are critical to the sustainability programme. Conservation of these sites entails the continuation of specific and often technically obsolete farming practices. Their conservation cannot be ensured by the practice of efficient sustainable agriculture as advocated by the authors Pretty and Howes. Furthermore, those authors are wrong in believing that such agriculture could be profitable without continuing subsidy. The approach of the CAP is to make payments for the practices necessary to safeguard these sites. However, the economic sustainability of the CAP is doubtful. Its costs are excessive and reforms are not reducing the excessive financial burden and resource costs. Alternative reform packages involving conservation through cross-compliance have even greater resource costs. The ability to safeguard these critical sites in the long run is therefore questionable. This suggests there is a need to rethink sustainability requirements for cultural and biological diversity.

8

Wragg, S. R. "Brazilian agriculture and agricultural research." Agricultural Administration 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-586x(85)90065-2.

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9

Xu, Zhun. "The Development of Capitalist Agriculture in China." Review of Radical Political Economics 49, no. 4 (July 21, 2017): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613417717046.

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Scholars have different views on the nature and pace of capitalist transformation of the Chinese agriculture. In this paper, we have, for the first time, estimated the approximate size of agricultural proletariat in China as well as the prevalence of wage labor in agricultural work. We argue that by comparing with typical capitalist agricultures in the world, China’s agriculture is increasingly capitalist rather than petty producer/populist.

10

Kan, Ying Bo, Ling Ling Wang, Yi Shan Zhang, and En Ping Liu. "Research on Control System of Tropical Intelligent Agriculture in Hainan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.923.

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Research on intelligent agriculture in our country has attracted great attention of the researchers now, but it is still under discovery. According to tropical agriculture in Hainan to IT's demand, the paper studies the key technology in the development of tropical intelligent agriculture, including automatic test technology, automatic control technology, Internet of Things and so on. This paper analyzes factors that affect tropical intelligent agricultures development, which include agricultural program, agricultural policies and regulations, agricultural technology situation, infrastructure construction, field management and other factors. The thesis builds a model between the development of tropical intelligent agriculture and its affecting factors. A developmental idea of tropical intelligent agriculture in Hainan is proposed on the basis of the model. The thesis analyzes the construction of intelligent agriculture control system in Hainan from the angles of data acquisition, data transfer, data analysis and data feed.

11

Kareemulla, K., Pandian Krishnan, S. Ravichandran, B. Ganesh Kumar, Sweety Sharma, and Ramachandra Bhatta. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Size and Equity in Ownership Dynamics of Agricultural Landholdings in India Vis-à-Vis the World." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810225.

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The increasing threat to sustainable agriculture is a major concern of planners worldwide. Human population growth together with increasing food requirements and competition for land use is leading to land scarcity for agricultural purposes. Farm size influences the extent of the adoption of mechanization and modern methods of farm management practices, which in turn results in increased productivity, production efficiency and agricultural income. We studied changes in macroeconomic factors such as dependency on agriculture, growth of the sector, the pattern of landholdings and tenure rights across major agriculturally important countries, as well as the priority of agriculture for the national economy (i.e., the share of agriculture in the national income) and its relationship to changes in farm size. The data on the percentage of area under farming, population growth, size of the agricultural workforce and other social dimensions from 24 countries of different geographical sizes were analysed. We used parameters such as the extent of changes in cropland, family-owned land, the agricultural workforce and their productivity, number of holdings and their distribution, women-headed holdings and finally total and per capita agricultural income, and measured the changes over time and space. The published data from national and international sources were used to establish the relationship between farm size and farm efficiency measured through the selected parameters. The results clearly establish that the size of farm holdings had an inverse relationship with the population dependent on agriculture, share of agriculture in national income and tenure rights. Australia had the largest average agricultural landholding (3243 ha), while India and Bangladesh had the lowest (1.3 and 0.3 ha, respectively). The inequality in the distribution of farmland ownership was greater in developed countries than in developing countries. Female farmland ownership was less than 20% in most developing countries and the relationship between the number of farm households and farm outcomes was found to have weakened over time. India, a developing as well as an agriculturally important country, was subjected to detailed analysis to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the size, distribution and ownership patterns of agricultural landholding.

12

Forbes, J. D., Murray Fulton, Ken Rosaasen, Andrew Schmitz, and L. Auer. "Canadian Agricultural Policy and Prairie Agriculture." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 16, no. 2 (June 1990): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550985.

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13

鲜, 雨航. "Big Data, Smart Agriculture, Agricultural Information." Advances in Social Sciences 11, no. 08 (2022): 3121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2022.118428.

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14

Nishimura, Hiroyuki. "New Agricultural Polciy and Regional Agriculture." Journal of Rural Problems 29, no. 4 (1993): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.29.141.

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15

Koike, Tsuneo. "New Agricultural Polciy and Regional Agriculture." Journal of Rural Problems 30, no. 4 (1994): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.30.143.

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16

Lyson, Thomas A. "Advanced agricultural biotechnologies and sustainable agriculture." Trends in Biotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 2002): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(02)01934-0.

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17

Pokrivčák, J. "Development of the Slovak agriculture and agricultural policies during the transition period." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 11 (March 2, 2012): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5443-agricecon.

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The economic importance of agricultural sector in Slovakia declined during transition period. There are several reasons for this: declining terms of agricultural trade, extreme weather, transformation of agricultural sector, unclear property rights in transition period, short-run privatization distortions, transformation of up and downstream sectors, world market fluctuation, decline of real wages, low stability of agricultural policy and other. The development in economic market was paralleled by activity in political market. After initial liberalization, agricultural protection subsequently increased. The EU accession influences both levels of protection as well as instruments of agricultural policy.

18

Bhattacharyya, P. N., M. P. Goswami, and L. H. Bhattacharyya. "Perspective of beneficial microbes in agriculture under changing climatic scenario: a review." Journal of Phytology 8 (May 14, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jp.2016.v8.3022.

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<p>Agriculture is a complex network of interactions of plants with microorganisms. There is a growing demand for ecologically compatible environment friendly technique in agriculture that might be able to provide adequate supply of nutrients for the increasing human populations through improvement of the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Under the changing climatic scenario of global fluxes of the key biogenic greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub>, methane and nitrous oxide), and some other environmental problems, the application of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture would serve as an important alternative gateway to some of the traditional agricultural techniques. Microorganisms of agricultural importance represent key ecological strategy for integrated management practices like nutrient management, disease and pest management in order to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture as well to improve cultivar performance. The present review is intended to focus on the emergence of agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) to develop an ideal agricultural system through efficient utilization of nutrients and recycling of energy and thereby to preserve the natural ecosystem resources under climate change. The progress to date in using the beneficial microflora in a variety of applications related to agriculture along with key mechanism of action is also discussed in this review.</p>

19

Rocha Filho, Gilson Brandão da, José Coelho de Araújo Filho, Renata Maria Caminha Mendes de Oliveira Carvalho, Maria do Socorro Bezerra de Araújo, Maria Núbia Medeiros de Araújo Frutuoso, and Sofia Suely Ferreira Brandão. "Potencial Agroecológico do Município de Itacuruba, Pernambuco, Brasil (Agro-Ecological Potential of the Municipality of Itacuruba, Pernambuco, Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.1.p172-184.

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A pesquisa teve como objetivo buscar uma metodologia para levantar as vocações naturais de determinadas regiões, de maneira que se facilitem os planejamentos no âmbito da agricultura, pecuária e áreas afins bem como usos não agrícolas. Desse modo, buscou-se através de informações disponibilizadas pela (EMBRAPA) analisar o potencial global (agrícola e não agrícola) do município de Itacuruba, que está situado no semiárido pernambucano. De acordo recursos naturais da região o potencial agrícola do município mostrou-se bastante limitado. Entretanto, existe água abundante de boa qualidade a disposição do município o que pode ser uma importante alternativa de fonte de renda para atividades não agrícolas. A B S T R A C T The research was based on exposing past and current needs to seek a methodology to raise agricultural ability of certain regions, so that they facilitate the planning in agriculture, livestock and related fields. Consequently, thus, we sought through information available by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) to analyze the agricultural potential of the municipality of Itacuruba, which is situated in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. According to the characteristics presented, the municipality's agricultural potential proved to be very limited. Keywords: agriculture, semiarid, agricultural potential.

20

Krechetnikova, E. O., V. V. Krechetnikov, I. E. Titov, and V. K. Kuznetsov. "Geoinformation system for designing adaptive landscape farming systems on the radioactively contaminated territory of the Tula research institute of agriculture." Geoinformatika, no. 4 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2020-4-12-19.

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GIS project was developed for the radioactively contaminated territory of the Tulskii NII. It was created in order to project the adaptive landscape agricultures. It was based on the information on the concentrations of 137Cs radionuclide in soil, compiled over 16 years. Electronic maps have been developed to create a GIS project and included the location of agricultural lands; crop rotation systems; distribution of specific activity values for artificial 137Cs radionuclide in agricultural lands; agrochemical indexes (the humus content, potassium content, contribution of phosphorus, the acidity), soil types, relief. The created GIS project and the corresponding data bases will be used to collect, store and analyse the results of the survey in order to project the adaptive landscape agricultures. Key words: GIS project, adaptive landscape agriculture, agricultural lands, radiation safety.

21

Martin, Michael, and Kellie Enns. "The Conflicts of Agriculture: Exploring the Agricultural Ideologies of University Agricultural Education Students." Journal of Agricultural Education 58, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.01207.

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22

Inegbedion, Henry, Eseosa Obadiaru, Barnabas Obasaju, Abiola Asaleye, and Adedoyin Lawal. "Financing Agriculture in Nigeria through Agricultural Extension Services of Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs)." F1000Research 7 (November 21, 2018): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16568.1.

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The ADPs were designed in response to a fall in agricultural productivity and hence a concern to sustain domestic food supplies. The study examined “Financing Agriculture in Nigeria through Agricultural Extension Services of Agricultural Development Programmes.” It sought to ascertain the extent to which agricultural extension services of the agricultural development programmes have impacted the financing of agriculture in six selected local government areas in Edo South senatorial district, Nigeria using a sample of 120 respondents. Stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents. Interview schedule served as the research instrument. The research data were analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation, which served as the inferential statistics. The research findings showed that the extension services of ADP have impacted significantly on crop development in the selected communities but have not had significant impact on employment creation and the development of infrastructural facilities. The study also revealed that there was no significant difference between the implementation of the projects in the selected communities, as revealed by the correlation test. On the basis of the research findings, the need for a complete redesign of the project to ensure that it achieves its stated goals as well as ensure proper monitoring of its implementation were suggested, among others.

23

Inegbedion, Henry, Eseosa Obadiaru, Barnabas Obasaju, Abiola Asaleye, and Adedoyin Lawal. "Financing Agriculture in Nigeria through Agricultural Extension Services of Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs)." F1000Research 7 (May 13, 2019): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16568.2.

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The ADPs were designed in response to a fall in agricultural productivity and hence a concern to sustain domestic food supplies. The study examined “Financing Agriculture in Nigeria through Agricultural Extension Services of Agricultural Development Programmes.” It sought to ascertain the extent to which agricultural extension services of the agricultural development programmes have impacted the financing of agriculture in six selected local government areas in Edo South senatorial district, Nigeria using a sample of 120 respondents. Stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents. Interview schedule served as the research instrument. The research data were analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation, which served as the inferential statistics. The research findings showed that the extension services of ADP have impacted significantly on crop development in the selected communities but have not had significant impact on employment creation and the development of infrastructural facilities. The study also revealed that there was no significant difference between the implementation of the projects in the selected communities, as revealed by the correlation test. On the basis of the research findings, the need for a complete redesign of the project to ensure that it achieves its stated goals as well as ensure proper monitoring of its implementation were suggested, among others.

24

Inegbedion, Henry, Eseosa Obadiaru, Barnabas Obasaju, Abiola Asaleye, and Adedoyin Lawal. "Financing Agriculture in Nigeria through Agricultural Extension Services of Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs)." F1000Research 7 (May 30, 2019): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16568.3.

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The ADPs were designed in response to a fall in agricultural productivity and hence a concern to sustain domestic food supplies. The study examined “Financing Agriculture in Nigeria through Agricultural Extension Services of Agricultural Development Programmes.” It sought to ascertain the extent to which agricultural extension services of the agricultural development programmes have impacted the financing of agriculture in six selected local government areas in Edo South senatorial district, Nigeria using a sample of 120 respondents. Stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents. Interview schedule served as the research instrument. The research data were analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation, which served as the inferential statistics. The research findings showed that the extension services of ADP have impacted significantly on crop development in the selected communities but have not had significant impact on employment creation and the development of infrastructural facilities. The study also revealed that there was no significant difference between the implementation of the projects in the selected communities, as revealed by the correlation test. On the basis of the research findings, the need for a complete redesign of the project to ensure that it achieves its stated goals as well as ensure proper monitoring of its implementation were suggested, among others.

25

Allahyari, Mohammad Sadegh, Masoumeh Mohammadzadeh, and Stefanos A. Nastis. "Agricultural experts’ attitude towards precision agriculture: Evidence from Guilan Agricultural Organization, Northern Iran." Information Processing in Agriculture 3, no. 3 (September 2016): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2016.07.001.

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26

Ajmy, Samar R., and Awf A. Alsaad. "Complementarity and Substitutability between Agricultural Imports and Production Factors in Iraq’s Agriculture." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.2.nq22272.

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The study aimed to study the relationship between agricultural imports (exogenous variable) with domestic variables such as labor and capital in the Iraq’s agricultural sector for the production of goods for the period (1990-2018) using transcendental logarithmic cost function, which is a type of flexible functional forms. The iterative seemingly unrelated regression method (ITSUR) was adopted as a standard method for estimating the model to take advantage of the multiple properties such as imposing and testing various restrictions. After estimating the system of equations with imposing mathematical restrictions, own and cross-elasticities were calculated to investigate complementarity and substitutability between agricultural imports, capital, and labor. Share of imports was the largest with respect to the total shares within the system of cost functions as it reached 52% followed by share of the capital of 25%, and finally share of the labor of 23%. Demand for labor was highly elastic with value of Allen's partial elasticity of -1.9, and this indicates that the labor resource was affected by price changes. In addition, demand for capital and agricultural imports was less elastic as value of elasticities -1.68 and -0.87 respectively. The study recommended conducting indepth studies on the nature of substitution among production factors in Iraqi agriculture due to the absence of such studies to know the nature of factor substitution. Especially since in recent decades there have been developments including economic and political shocks in general, and particularly in the agricultural sector.

27

Budi Tjahjono, Kundang Karsono, and Lista Meria. "Development of Precission Farming Hydropoonic Model Based On Internet of Things Using Arduino." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 6 (November 29, 2021): 1946–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i6.392.

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Agricultural land in urban areas was needed for community food security. Narrow agricultural land posed obstacles in the implementation of urban agriculture. Hydroponi is a solution for agricultureal development on narrow land. Precesion farming was needed to maintain plant growth. Hydroponic system required regulation of air and water temperature, humidity, water level, pH, water nutrient. This study used SDLC methodology. The result of this research is an automatic hydroponic implementation that can monitor and control an Internet of Things based hydroponic system using Arduino.

28

Beus, Curtis E., and Riley E. Dunlap. "Agricultural Paradigms and the Practice of Agriculture1." Rural Sociology 59, no. 4 (February 3, 2010): 620–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00551.x.

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29

Kathula, Domeniter Naomi. "Factors Impacting Agricultural Production and the Role of Agricultural Extension Services in Kenya." Journal of Agriculture 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4115.

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Productivity in agricultural is also important for spurring economic growth in other sectors. Farmers live in remote rural areas and make up 75% of the world’s poor. In Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), productivity in agriculture lags behind globally, and is below the required standards of achieving food security, poverty goals and food sufficiency. As an important sector in the Kenyan economy, agriculture continues to dominate other sectors despite its declining contribution to real GDP. The development in agriculture is that one which revolutionizes the industry by bringing forth profitable agriculture and environment friendly solutions. Kenya government through the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, have in the past tried to pass information to the farmers via agricultural extension officers. However, the quality of the information disseminated to the farmers has not been up to date, information delivery has not been good, the mode of communication also questionable owing to literacy levels of our farmers and indeed that of the extension officers, information technology has not been embraced fully making it difficult for our farmers to progress with their counterparts in other parts of the world. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the factors impacting agricultural production and the role of agricultural extension services in Kenya. This study is anchored on Diffusion of Innovations Theory. The study employed a mixed design involving a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approach. And the target population was made up of farmers, officers from the ministry of agriculture and officers from agricultural extension service providers. Data was gathered using both structured questionnaire and interview guides. The collected data was analysed with the aid of SPSS software using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed a coefficient of determination (R squared) of 0.319 implying that agricultural extension services explains 31.9 % of the variation in agricultural production in Kenya. The study also showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between agricultural extension services and agricultural production in Kenya (β=1.561, p=.003<.05). The study concludes that agricultural extension services play a significant role in improving agricultural production in Kenya because agricultural extension services offers technical advice on agriculture to farmers. It is thus recommended that agricultural extension service delivery should be boosted through timely recruitment, periodic training of agents and provision of adequate logistics to the farmers. Keywords: Agricultural extension services, agricultural factors, agricultural production, farmers in Kenya

30

Montero, Eduardo, and Dean Yang. "Religious Festivals and Economic Development: Evidence from the Timing of Mexican Saint Day Festivals." American Economic Review 112, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 3176–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20211094.

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Does variation in how religious festivals are celebrated have economic consequences? We study the economic impacts of the timing of Catholic patron saint day festivals in Mexico. For causal identification, we exploit cross-locality variation in festival dates and in the timing of agricultural seasons. We estimate the impact of “ agriculturally coinciding” festivals (those coinciding with peak planting or harvest months) on long-run economic development of localities. Agriculturally coinciding festivals lead to lower household income and worse development outcomes overall. These negative effects are likely due to lower agricultural productivity, which inhibits structural transformation out of agriculture. Agriculturally coinciding festivals may nonetheless persist because they also lead to higher religiosity and social capital. (JEL O12, O13, O18, 043, Q12, Z12, Z13)

31

Zang, Dungang, Zhijia Hu, Yunqi Yang, and Siyu He. "Research on the Relationship between Agricultural Carbon Emission Intensity, Agricultural Economic Development and Agricultural Trade in China." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 11694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811694.

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Under the interactive background of more emphasis on low-carbon and environmentally friendly agricultural production modes and the coordinated development of agricultural foreign trade, China is paying more and more attention to the coordination between agricultural trade, economic development and ecological agriculture development. This paper selects the relevant data of China from 2002 to 2020 as the research object. Taking the agricultural carbon emission intensity as an indicator of environmental pollution, measuring it and then constructing a time series model for analysis, the research finds that, in the long run, the increase in agricultural carbon emission intensity in China will reduce the level of agricultural trade by 2%, which will also lead to a decline in the overall development level of the agricultural economy by 2 to 4 percent. At the same time, this paper also finds that the current situation of China’s agricultural trade reduces the development of China’s agriculture by 1%, which will also lead to an increase in agricultural carbon emission intensity by about 0.5%. Finally, this paper finds that the development of the agricultural economy makes the overall increase in agricultural trade 2%, and with the development of the agricultural economy, the agricultural carbon emission intensity decreases by 0.1%, but the impact is small. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the construction of a leadership mechanism, implement the development strategy of low-carbon agriculture and provide corresponding financial security and other policy suggestions to promote the coordinated development of China’s agricultural trade and low-carbon agricultural production environment.

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Dewi, Dewi Rakhma. "AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE." International Journal of Business, Law, and Education 2, no. 3 (October 12, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v2i3.22.

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The purpose of writing this article is to to describe some of the functions of waste. Waste is the residue or by-product of the main product. Agricultural waste is part of agricultural plants above the ground or part of the shoots, stems that are left after being harvested or the main product is taken and is an alternative feed used as animal feed. The purpose of writing this article is to to describe some of the functions of waste. The method used in this research is literatur review. Based on the results of literature reviews of several agricultural books, most of the rice straw is used as compost. The percentage of rice straw is 65% is composted and 35% is used for animal feed. Agricultural waste is waste that comes from agricultural activities in a broad sense (agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries and forestry) and agriculture-based industrial activities (agro-industry) in the form of solid waste (plant residues, leaves, animal waste) or liquid waste.

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Novkovic, Nebojsa, Sandor Somodji, and Milenko Matkovic. "Selection of agricultural land for multifunctional agriculture." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, no. 1-2 (July 30, 2010): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/1-2/6.

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The modern concept of rural development implies the use of agricultural resources, primarily agricultural land, for other (non-agricultural) activities besides its agricultural purpose. The integral aim of this concept of rural development is the maximization of economic results, besides the sustainable development of rural areas, environmental protection and the production of strategic (staple) agricultural products. The objective of this paper is to define the general, theoretical, quantitative model for the determination of the size and quality of agricultural land which, considering the above-mentioned demands (criteria), is optimal for the utilization in agricultural production in certain regions. The remaining agricultural land would be available for the non-agricultural purposes. The economic optimal model for the selection of agricultural land in the traditional agriculture is the model of linear programming. The criteria of the land selection for traditional agriculture are the economic effectiveness (measured by net income or by gross national product) and the economic efficiency (measured by the production economy). The maximum economic effectiveness is determined by the standard method of linear programming and the maximum economy by the method of broken linear programming. The solution of compromise can be determined by multi-criteria programming, based on the minimum differences. The limitation groups in the mentioned variations of the model are: limitations of production quotas of agricultural products, minimum quantities of staple agricultural products, limitations of processing plants in a region (minimum and maximum), limitation of crop rotation, limitations of the needs in animal husbandry for bulky for age and limitations of agricultural land according to various types of utilization. By quantitative defining of the structure and size of agricultural land for traditional agriculture, “the surplus” and structure of agricultural land available for non-agricultural purposes is automatically determined.

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Allahyari, Mohammad S. "Reorganization of Agricultural Extension toward Green Agriculture." American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2009.105.109.

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Rita, Ana Elisabeth Cavalcanti Santa, Carla Saturnina Ramos de Moura, Elielma Santana Fernandes, Erilva Machado Costa, Rosimeire Morais Cardinal Simão, Wellington Dantas de Sousa, David Fernandes Lima, Lucia Marisy Souza Ribeiro de Oliveira, and Jorge Luis Cavalcanti Ramos. "Feasibility of agricultural transition in family agriculture." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 8, no. 6 (2021): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.86.13.

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Kovách, Imre, Boldizsár Gergely Megyesi, Attila Bai, and Péter Balogh. "Sustainability and Agricultural Regeneration in Hungarian Agriculture." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020969.

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Generational renewal is a core issue in European agriculture. Despite the continuous efforts of governments and the EU Council, the ageing of farmers seems an unstoppable process, accompanied by land concentration, the decrease in agricultural activity and the transformation of the European countryside. Consequently, there is a very rich scientific literature analysing the problem; a great part of it argues that the young farmer problem consists, in fact, in a number of different problems, with these problems showing huge regional differences. Hungary, as a new member state, with a heterogeneous (both fragmented and concentrated) land-use structure offers a good field to analyse generational renewal. Our paper is based on the first results of an ongoing Horizon 2020 project analysing rural regeneration. As a part of the research study, 48 semi-structured interviews were conducted with young farmers, successors of farmers and new entrants into farming. In our paper, we explore how education, access to land and family traditions influenced generational renewal and how it impacts sustainability practices.

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TAKAHASHI, Toru. "Role of Agricultural Cooperative for Local Agriculture." JOURNAL OF RURAL SOCIETY AND ECONOMICS 37, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11617/jrse.37.1_24.

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Bliss, Francis R., and Robert J. Buck. "Agriculture and Agricultural Practice in Roman Law." Classical World 79, no. 1 (1985): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4349820.

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Beavington, Frank, and Guy M. Robinson. "Agricultural Change: Geographical Studies of British Agriculture." Geographical Journal 156, no. 1 (March 1990): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635466.

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Suehara, Tatsuro. "Agriculture, Peasant ^|^amp; Agricultural Studies in Africa." Journal of African Studies 2001, no. 58 (2001): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.2001.58_19.

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Dastagiri, M. B. "Global Agricultural Policies: Reforms and Future Agriculture." Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2, no. 1 (2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130201.12.

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Dastagiri, M. B. "Global Agricultural Policies: Reforms and Future Agriculture." Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2, no. 1 (2013): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130201.15.

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Charlesworth, Andrew. "Agricultural change: Geographical studies of British agriculture." Journal of Historical Geography 16, no. 4 (October 1990): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(90)90183-c.

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Riley, Ralph. "New directions for agriculture and agricultural research." Food Policy 13, no. 4 (November 1988): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(88)90093-0.

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Havlicek, Joseph. "Megatrends Affecting Agriculture: Implications for Agricultural Economics." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68, no. 5 (December 1986): 1053–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1241853.

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Basso, Bruno, and John Antle. "Digital agriculture to design sustainable agricultural systems." Nature Sustainability 3, no. 4 (April 2020): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0510-0.

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Badrudin, Redy, Bambang Sumantri, and Meiliza Cecilia. "ANALISIS PERAMALAN DAN PERMINTAAN KREDIT SEKTOR PERTANIAN PADA PT.BRI (PERSERO) UNIT KEPAHIANG I." Jurnal AGRISEP 3, no. 2 (September 6, 2004): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.3.2.82-91.

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The study was aimed to Know growth and forecast the amount of demand for agricultural sector credit at PT. BRI (Persero) Unit Kepahiang I, and (2) examine factors influencing for agricultural sector credit. Data was secondary data from 1993 up to 2003. Ratio to Moving Average Method, Double Exponential Smoothing with moved period 3 monthly and regression function of Non Doubled Linear were used. Results of research indicates that growth of demand for agricultural credit at PT. SRI (Persero) Unit Kepahiang I tend to fluctuate. Forecasting of demand for agricultural sector creditb to period quarterly at 2003 till 2004, tend to have experience decreasing significantly compare to previous period. Overall of factors influencing demand of agricultural sector is rate of interest level (X1), price level (X2), and agriculture product exchange rate (X3), while earning level (X4) does not have an effect on demand Key Words: BRI, Forecasting, demand for credits,agricultura/s , sectors

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Souy, Cheng Mou. "Agricultural activities and the market for agricultural business products." Journal Siplieria Sciences 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jss.v1i1.4.

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Basically, there are not many farmers who can sell their own products to the market, both domestic and foreign markets, because these markets are generally too far away for them. Individual farmers cannot contact buyers in these markets because they do not have adequate means of transportation and do not have the necessary knowledge or facilities for various purposes, such as packaging, storage, processing and nothing else related to the marketing. Therefore, a good and efficient trading system for agricultural products is needed in supporting the success / success of the market for agricultural products. So that agriculture is not only viewed in a narrow sense, where the agricultural sector is very large and wide, it is necessary to convey the history of agriculture and its development for the advancement of agriculture and the application of technology in agriculture. Farmers need knowledge in terms of crop management and good management in the context of the welfare of the farmers, where we know that many farmers feel disadvantaged in the sale or marketing of their agricultural products.

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Chi, Yuanying, Wenbing Zhou, Zhenyu Wang, Yu Hu, and Xiao Han. "The Influence Paths of Agricultural Mechanization on Green Agricultural Development." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 12984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312984.

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For sustainable agricultural development, increasing efforts are put on promoting agricultural mechanization and green agricultural development all over the world. Based on the panel data of Chinese provincial agriculture from 2002 to 2018, the System Generalized Method of Moments model and mediation model are constructed to explore the paths of agricultural mechanization affecting green agricultural development. The results show that agricultural mechanization can not only promote the green agricultural development directly but also indirectly by transferring the agricultural labor force and increasing fertilizer input. However, because of the surge of pesticide demand, agricultural mechanization also leads to serious pollution indirectly. With the development of large-scale agricultural machinery, the direct promotion of agricultural machinery on green agricultural development will be more significant. However, it will be less efficient to substitute more agricultural labor force with machinery power. The problem of pesticide abuse will also become more serious. Therefore, it is important for green agricultural development to encourage human capital investment in agricultural mechanization. In addition, more attention should be paid to improving the input efficiency of fertilizers and pesticides so that agriculture will be sustainable in production and the ecological environment.

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Opeyemi, G., S. S. Olusegun, A. Taiwo, and A. O. Mobolaji. "Impact of Agricultural Input Supply on Agricultural Growth in Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 8 (November 26, 2021): 1349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i8.2.

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Improving the production capacity of agriculture in Nigeria through agricultural input supply is an important policy goal in a country where agriculture represents an important sector in the economy. The agricultural sector provides livelihood to a significant portion of Nigerian population, especially in rural areas, where poverty is more pronounced. Thus, a growing agricultural sector contributes to both overall growth and poverty alleviation. The study specifically examined the effects of agricultural input supply on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. The objective of this study is to examine agricultural input supply in Nigeria and its implications on the growth of agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data covering 1986-2016 obtained from FAOSTAT, World Development Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria data base. This study utilized Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the variables. The finding of the study shows that there is co-integration between the variables. The result of the study shows that gross capital formation and Fertilizer supply to agriculture were significant in influencing agricultural growth in Nigeria with coefficient values of (-0.002468), and (0.001506), with P- values of (0.0222) and (0.0171) respectively. Given the robust nature of the result, it is evident that agricultural input supply contributes in great measure to agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study then conclude that agricultural input is essential for the growth of agricultural sector in Nigeria and recommend that given the lean resources available to government, attention should be given to the inputs that contributes significantly to the growth of the sector.