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1

Yadav, Harshdeep, Shivanshu Sharma, and Kavita Bhadu. "Sustainable use of agricultural waste." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.1/336-341.

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In India, which is mostly an agricultural nation, there are a lot of agricultural byproducts and wastes. The wastes and byproducts produced by agriculture are primarily organic in origin and contain nearly all of the nutrients required by plants. The biological cycle may be maintained by recycling waste and incorporating agricultural outputs into crop fields. The agricultural wastes may also be utilised as animal feed, organic manures and as a source of raw materials for ethanol and bioenergy production, among other things.
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2

Shafqat, Ali Raza, Muzzamal Hussain, Yasir Nawab, Munir Ashraf, Sheraz Ahmad, and Ghazia Batool. "Circularity in Materials: A Review on Polymer Composites Made from Agriculture and Textile Waste." International Journal of Polymer Science 2023 (September 26, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5872605.

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Agriculture and textiles have the highest production yields among all sectors to meet mankind’s basic needs, i.e., feeding and clothing; however, they are top contributors to environmental pollution and global waste generation. Their wastes and byproducts are precious organic materials, they have great potential as raw materials for the manufacturing of valuable products. This review sheds light on various textile and agricultural wastes, waste management issues, and their existing utilization. Current waste processing methods are mostly based on waste-to-energy routes or material reclamation; however, both methods are hazardous for the environment and are inefficient. During the past decade, many researchers have utilized agriculture and textile wastes in the fabrication of composites. Textile and agricultural wastes and byproducts can be efficiently used for composite fabrication and can be suitable alternatives to existing raw materials. Using textiles and agricultural wastes for composite manufacturing can not only address waste management issues and replace non-eco-friendly materials in the composite industry but also significantly improve composite properties.
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Tallapragada, Sridevi, Vandana, Rajesh Lather, and Gurnam Singh. "Recent ways of management and disposal of agricultural waste - A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/666-673.

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With the development of agriculture in India, the production of agricultural wastes increased rapidly. Basically these wastes are bio products and are very important for survival of animals and human beings. The occurrence of agricultural wastes is unique in the different areas. The agricultural straw and livestock excrement are considered to be potential resources. These substances are widely available on earth and can be a good source of energy or be converted into useful products. The wastes generated from crop have a good potential to convert to energy through related energy sector. The waste produce from animal or from crop residue is called biomass which has an interdependent relationship with ecosystem from production to disposal and has physicochemical properties. The recycling and utilization of agricultural wastes are considered to be the important step in environmental protection, energy structure and agricultural development. The present review deals with the research work carried out in the conversion of biomass and agricultural waste and to illuminate the potential environmental risk, recycling and utilization pathway, influencing factors and policy suggestions in the recycling and utilization progress of agricultural wastes. An attempt is carried out to increase the economic value of agricultural waste into useful product. The survey provided the development mode of industrialization and scale of agricultural waste recycling. The recycling and utilization pathway of agricultural wastes were also analysed. The crucial suggestions may be proposed, such as cultivating new industry, building economy incentive standard, improving laws and regulations, and creating rural market strengthening medium and long-term plans of agricultural waste recycling. The resource consumption, ecological crisis and other issues caused by agricultural wastes were evaluated.
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4

Sarıyer, Tolga, and Çağlar Kaya. "Agricultural wastes in climate change mitigation." JOURNAL OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE 1, no. 1 (July 12, 2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56768/jytp.1.1.03.

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Today, among the wastes that harm the environment, there are many wastes such as cleaning agent wastes and expired drugs. In addition to these wastes, agricultural wastes are an important issue. The vast majority of agricultural wastes are wastes containing high cellulose. Agricultural wastes include tobacco plant waste, vineyard and fruit tree pruning residues, wheat straw, cob, cotton stalk, mushroom compost residues, corn stalk, husk, rice bran, pulp, lentil waste, wood shavings, bean straw, leather waste, soybean straw, wastes consisting of a dysfunctional irrigation system and plastic mulches. Gases especially causing greenhouse gas effect (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other) which are released by the destruction of agricultural and other wastes by burning, accumulate in the atmosphere, causing global warming and negatively affecting the climate. The study has been compiled with the aim of revealing solutions for the use or recycling of agricultural wastes that cause greenhouse gases when destroyed by incineration.
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Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Catalin Razvan Vintu, Constantin Daniel Diaconu, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Study of Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Environmental Issue in Romania." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 3 (April 15, 2017): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.3.5503.

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Agriculture and animal husbandry produce significant quantity of solid or liquid residues and waste products. Unfortunately, some of these wastes are not dealt with properly and are causing considerable damage to the environment. Agricultural wastes (AW) in Romania amount range from 7600 thousand tons a year of which only 1400 thousand tons as animal feed and 1100 thousand tons as organic manure are being utilized. These crop waste results after harvesting in the farm of leaves stem which are characterized as coarse plant by-products and big size, chemically low in protein and fat contents, or, like other country (example: Netherlands) avoid waste as much as possible, recover the valuable raw materials from any waste that is created, try to generate energy by incinerating the residual waste, and only then dump what is left. The focus of the research paper is to investigate the importance of agriculture wastes that becomes very obvious and aggregated after the harvest crops. The most common solution is the utilizations of agricultural waste for compositing, as animal fodder, most often as a source of energy, food production, by growing mushroom on agricultural wastes such as oat straw as a substrate. This means the conversion of wastes to economic, nutritional human food. Growing vegetables on oat straw compacted bales in areas where soil disease and salinity are constrains. The implementation of most of the solutions to agricultural waste management does not meet the basic elements of sustainability like environmental protection and social progression, technical and technological improvement as well as economic improvements.
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6

Gagnon, Graham A., Margaret Trias, Rob C. Jamieson, Jean-Claude Meindersma, Gary T. Patterson, and Robert J. Gordon. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 72, no. 6 (October 1, 2001): 827–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143000x138490.

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7

Fahie, Chris R., Margaret Trias, Robert J. Gordon, and Graham A. Gagnon. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 73, no. 6 (October 1, 2001): 826–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143001x143637.

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8

Smith, Erin L., Chris R. Fahie, Robert J. Gordon, and Graham A. Gagnon. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 74, no. 6 (October 1, 2002): 644–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143002x140558.

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9

Hu, Zhifei, Maruf Mortula, Robert J. Gordon, and Graham A. Gagnon. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 75, no. 6 (October 1, 2003): 828–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143003x141475.

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10

Gibbons, Meaghan K., Maruf Mortula, Zhifei Hu, and Graham A. Gagnon. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 76, no. 6 (September 2004): 1479–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143004x142112.

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11

Jin, Tao, Zheng Zhang, and Mohamed Gamal El-Din. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 77, no. 6 (September 2005): 1661–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143005x54470.

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12

Ikehata, Keisuke, David Bressler, Parmjit Singh, Mohamed Kaddah, and Mohamed Gamal El-Din. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 78, no. 10 (September 2006): 1525–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143006x119297.

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13

Wesley, Mary Joy, Wojciech Pikus, Keisuke Ikehata, Hongjing Fu, Ahmed G. El-Din, David C. Bressler, and Mohamed Gamal El-Din. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 79, no. 10 (September 2007): 1568–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143007x218502.

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14

Fu, Hongjing, Wojciech Pikus, Wahida Zaman, Ding Wang, Pamela Chelme-Ayala, Ahmed G. El-Din, David C. Bressler, and Mohamed Gamal El-Din. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 80, no. 10 (October 2008): 1340–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143008x328671.

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15

Yang, Xuejiao, Sarah Pattison, Yang Lin, Keisuke Ikehata, Boris L. T. Lau, Scott Chang, and Yang Liu. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 81, no. 10 (September 10, 2009): 1490–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143009x12445568399974.

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16

Yang, Xuejiao, Keisuke Ikehata, Robert Lerner, Yue Hu, Kartik Josyula, Scott X. Chang, and Yang Liu. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 82, no. 10 (January 1, 2010): 1396–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143010x12756668801338.

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17

Liang, Jiaming, Qingye Lu, Robert Lerner, Xiaohui Sun, Hongbo Zeng, and Yang Liu. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 83, no. 10 (January 1, 2011): 1439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143011x13075599869614.

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18

Zhang, Zhenyuan, Andrea M. Gonzalez, Evan G. R. Davies, and Yang Liu. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 84, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1386–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143012x13407275695193.

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19

Poggi-Varaldo, Héctor M., and Carlos Estrada-Vazquez. "Agricultural wastes." Water Environment Research 69, no. 4 (June 1997): 575–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143097x134876.

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20

Poggi-Varaldo, Hector M., Carlos Estrada-Vazquez, and Noemi Rinderknecht-Seijas. "Agricultural wastes." Water Environment Research 70, no. 4 (June 1998): 601–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143098x134307.

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21

Poggi-Varaldo, Héctor M. "Agricultural Wastes." Water Environment Research 71, no. 5 (August 1999): 737–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143099x133767.

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22

Kari, Zulhisyam Abdul, Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri, Nor Dini Rusli, Khairiyah Mat, M. B. Mahmud, Nik Nur Azwanida Zakaria, Wendy Wee, et al. "Recent Advances, Challenges, Opportunities, Product Development and Sustainability of Main Agricultural Wastes for the Aquaculture Feed Industry – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0082.

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Abstract Million tonnes of agricultural waste are generated annually worldwide. Agricultural wastes possess similar profiles to the main products but are lower in quality. Managing these agricultural wastes is costly and requires strict regulation to minimise environmental stress. Thus, these by-products could be repurposed for industrial use, such as alternative resources for aquafeed to reduce reliance on fish meal and soybean meal, fertilisers to enrich medium for growing live feed, antimicrobial agents, and immunostimulatory enhancers. Furthermore, utilising agricultural wastes and other products can help mitigate the existing environmental and economic dilemmas. Therefore, transforming these agricultural wastes into valuable products helps sustain the agricultural industry, minimises environmental impacts, and benefits industry players. Aquaculture is an important sector to supply affordable protein sources for billions worldwide. Thus, it is essential to explore inexpensive and sustainable resources to enhance aquaculture production and minimise environmental and public health impacts. Additionally, researchers and farmers need to understand the elements involved in new product development, particularly the production of novel innovations, to provide the highest quality products for consumers. In summary, agriculture waste is a valuable resource for the aquafeed industry that depends on several factors: formulation, costing, supply, feed treatment and nutritional value.
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23

Karthikeyan, S., P. Sivakumar, and P. N. Palanisamy. "Novel Activated Carbons from Agricultural Wastes and their Characterization." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2008): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/902073.

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Solid waste disposal has become a major problem in India, Either it has to be disposed safely or used for the recovery of valuable materials as agricultural wastes like turmeric waste,ferroniashell waste,jatropha curcusseed shell waste,delonixshell waste andipomea carniastem. Therefore these wastes have been explored for the preparation of activated carbon employing various techniques. Activated carbons prepared from agricultural solid wastes by chemical activation processes shows excellent improvement in the surface characteristics. Their characterization studies such as bulk density, moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, matter soluble in water, matter soluble in acid, pH, decolourising power, phenol number, ion exchange capacity, ion content and surface area have been carried out to assess the suitability of these carbons as absorbents in the water and wastewater. For anionic dyes (reactive, direct, acid) a close relationship between the surface area and surface chemical groups of the modified activated carbon and percentage of dye removal by adsorption can be observed. Cationic dyes large amount of surface chemical groups present in the sample (mainly carboxylic, anhydrides, lactones and phenolsetc.) are good anchoring sites for adsorption. The present study reveals the recovery of valuable adsorbents from readily and cheaply available agriculture wastes.
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24

Mohd Rosli, Noor Sharina, Norazlina Abu Sari, and Nur Maizatul Idayu Othman. "UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURE WASTE AS A SOIL AMENDMENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SWEET CORN (Zea Mays.)." International Journal of Innovation and Industrial Revolution 5, no. 13 (June 27, 2023): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijirev.513009.

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The decline in soil fertility of agricultural land and the abundance of agricultural wastes is a major problem in the environment. To overcome these problems, agricultural wastes have the potential to serve as a beneficial product that provides sustainable agriculture. The use of agricultural wastes as soil amendments is a sustainable practice in improving soil quality and plant productivity. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the potential of agricultural wastes and agriculture wastes-derived biochars as soil amendments toward sweet corn (Zea Mays.) growth performance. The study was conducted in the greenhouse for 75 days. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), EFB biochar, decanter cake, corn cob and corn cob biochar) in combination with mineral soil and four replication was used during the study. Plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves were assessed for each treatment. Results indicate that corn cob biochar significantly increased the sweet corn height and plant diameter by respectively 11.0% and 25.0% as compared to the control. An increase in the stem diameter by 10.0% due to the application of EFB was observed at 45 days compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the agricultural waste which is corn cob biochar were observed to have the potential in enhancing the sweet corn (Zea Mays.) growth.
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Nath, Pinku Chandra, Amiya Ojha, Shubhankar Debnath, Minaxi Sharma, Kandi Sridhar, Prakash Kumar Nayak, and Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. "Biogeneration of Valuable Nanomaterials from Agro-Wastes: A Comprehensive Review." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020561.

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The exponential growth of agricultural output is a result of the increasing world population. Agro-wastes are now acknowledged as an alternative material for the manufacture of renewable, inexpensive, and sustainable bio-composite-based products. Huge amounts of agricultural produce are often lost owing to a lack of processing facilities or storage space. Agriculture wastes contain a significant concentration of carbohydrates as well as various multifunctional groups and organic substances, such as polymeric proteins. Interestingly, nanotechnology provides better potential to transform agricultural wastes easily into valuable and cost-effective products, removing the need to utilize noxious chemicals, which can create a variety of health and environmental difficulties. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in eco-friendly nanomaterial (NM) production techniques that utilize extracts generated from agricultural waste. Such nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied for numerous uses, including antibacterial agents, water purification, the breakdown of industrial colours, and many others. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to investigate the different sources, characteristics, and nano-management of agro-waste; valuable NMs derived from agro-waste; and their possible applications.
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26

Barati, Saeideh. "Applications of agricultural waste in food industry." Journal of Biological Studies 6, no. 1 (May 10, 2023): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.62400/jbs.v6i1.7779.

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Agricultural wastes are by-product outputs of production and processing of agricultural products that contain bioactive compounds, which have many benefits on human health. Agricultural wastes produced from various sources such as cultivation, livestock, industrial means, and etc are great concern because of the problems of environmental pollution, recycling and utilization. Therefore, application of agricultural wastes in any other environmentally friendly way like compost production by fermenting the agricultural, animal feed production, food production and energy production (bio gas) is suggested. It can be concluded that recycling agricultural wastes is important and necessary for environment and economical saving. This recycling of agriculture wastes enhance agricultural and food production along with improve their quality.
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27

Sabiiti, Elly. "Utilising agricultural waste to enhance food security and conserve the environment." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 11, no. 6 (November 25, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.47.sc007.

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The rapid increase in the world’s population coupled by urban migration has resulted into an increased demand for food which has in turn led to the production of large amounts of agricultural wastes, both at the farmer, municipality and city levels. The bulk of the agricultural food in developing countries is transported to cities in its raw forms, thus compounding the net effect on large deposits of waste in urban markets, around homes and in slums as well as in various dumping grounds. In Kampala alone, over 1000mt of waste accumulate in the city and only about 30% of it is collected by the City Council leaving the rest to rot and pollute the environment. Although it is recognized that the accumulation of waste has enormous ill effects on humans and the environment, such wastes, if properly managed could be considered an important bioresource for enhancing food security in the small holder farming communities that would not afford use of expensive inorganic fertilizers. These organic wastes contain high levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and organic matter important for improving nutrient status of soils in urban agriculture. Various factors amplify the agricultural waste problem, especially in developing countries where there are limited waste recycling facilities. Most of the nutrients are leached from the dampfills and end up polluting water bodies and this has been associated with the invasion of water weeds. Most importantly, there is lack of planning, poor public awareness, poor government policy and laws, and lack of or insufficient utilization of resources. In Kampala, many small holder farmers have improved milk production by feeding animals with various combinations of agricultural wastes. Others have increased nutrient supply in soils by applying organic compost leading to improved crop yields, especially vegetables and maize which fetch high prices for the farmers thus reducing poverty levels and enhancing food security. This alternate method of removal of these wastes for agricultural production by farmers has also reduced the rate of accumulation with subsequent reduction on environmental pollution thus improving on environmental health. This paper briefly reviews how agricultural wastes can be used to enhance food security and conserve the environment.
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28

Dauda, Deborah, and Manju Dominic. "Effectiveness of agricultural wastes in soil stabilization." Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research 10, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/safer-v10n1-art2452.

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Many ways have been sought to improve soils, especially expansive soils which have been problematic to structures and pavements built over them and soil stabilization seems to be one of the effective ways. But soil stabilization in itself is not cost-effective hence the introduction of agricultural wastes being researched on and seen as a cheaper means to be used as stabilizing agents which helps in minimizing the cost of soil stabilization, thereby reducing the problem of waste disposal. Agricultural wastes like Rice Husk Ash, Bagasse Ash, Sugarcane Straw Ash, Saw Dust Ash, Coconut Husk Ash, Millet Husk Ash, Corn Cob Ash, Locust Bean Pod Ash, Cassava Peel Ash and Bamboo Leaf Ash have been experimented with in stabilizing soils and as well, serving as supplementary cementitious materials for cement in concrete production. The strengths of the soils and the concrete stabilized with these wastes were seen to improve significantly and their effectiveness was estimated based on an average optimum value. Agricultural waste processing Industries can be set up to help in the massive production of these natural stabilizers which would lessen the cost of soil stabilization using cement and chemicals and also generally reduce problems that are associated with waste disposal, helping in waste management. Keywords—expansive soils, soil stabilization, agricultural wastes
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29

Namdharani, Vishakha, Aditi Mutatkar, Hrutuja Tamore, Priyanka Purohit, and Prof Ashwini Shanbag. "Behaviour of Green Concrete (Blended Concrete) using Agro-Industrial Waste AS Partial Replacement of Cement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 7 (July 31, 2023): 1925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55001.

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Abstract: Rapid urbanisation has increased demand for natural resources, and industrialised nations' agricultural waste disposal problems have made it possible for agricultural waste to be utilised in building. Research is being done on how to use agricultural or industrial wastes as a source of building materials to support the construction industry all over the world. In addition to being feasible, using these wastes would also produce an environment free from contamination. For financial, environmental, and specialist reasons, waste reduction research has focused on the use of agricultural and mechanical waste provided by current processes. There is an urgent need for waste management solutions since agricultural and industrial wastes like sawdust and rice husk ash are seriously impacting the environment. The initial step of the project will include creating blended cement from agro-industrial waste and evaluating its properties using various mix proportions. Then, using mixed cement, green concrete will be produced.
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Widayati, Trisiwi Wahyu, Bernaddeta Wahyuni Irianti Rahayu, Dwi Djoko Rahardjo, and Budi Santoso. "The Utilization of Agricultural and Food Industry Wastes as Feed of Grower Pigs in Manokwari Regency West Papua." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.3.723.

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The aim of this study was to find out the potential of agricultural and food industry wastes as the constituents of pig feed to improve pigs’ performance and to reduce the feeding cost. This study was conducted at Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. The agricultural and food industry wastes were collected from two traditional market, and four small-scale food industries. All materials used as feed were proximately analyzed to determine their nutritional values. Average daily gain, feed consumption and feed coversion ratio were taken to determine the pigs performance. Feed cost using local market prices was estimated in knowing the ability of agricultural and food industry wastes to substitutes commercial feed. The result of this research indicates that the use of agricultural and food industries wastes as an alternative components of pigs’ feed to substitute the commercial feed do not reduce the pigs’ performance and production. Among three feeds that use of agricultural and food industry wastes, feed with the combination of 75% waste and 25% commercial feed had the best feed conversion ratio, namely 2.36. On the other hand, a mixture of 25% wastes and 75% commercial feed was the most economic one, and able to reduce the feeding cost of grower pig up to 48.00%.Key words: agricultural waste, food industry wastes, grower period, pig, feed
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Kumari, Sonika, Ivan Širić, and Sami Abou Fayssal. "Biochar as a Versatile Resource for Achieving Sustainability in Agri-food Chains." AgroEnvironmental Sustainability 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.59983/s20230101010.

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The agriculture sector generates a significant quantity of waste. These wastes, when mismanaged, can cause environmental issues like air, water, and soil pollution. Thus, the upcycling of agricultural wastes especially for bioenergy production would be highly advantageous. Biofuels, including biochar, biogas, biodiesel, and bioethanol, are eco-friendly fuels owing a significant contribution to the bioenergy industry. Biochar, a carbon-rich substance prepared from a wide range of feedstocks, can be produced from agricultural wastes via pyrolysis and has numerous applications. When added to soil, biochar enhances soil fertility by acting as a soil conditioner. It can also be used to purify air and wastewater and/or used for carbon sequestering, in the textile and construction industries. Moreover, biochar can also be used in the food products such as charcoal-based ice cream, and cookies besides being an animal feed improver. Furthermore, biochar has potential applications in the cosmetic industry and can address issues such as climate change, energy shortages, and food security. The use of agricultural wastes for biochar production can be a tool for low-cost bioenergy production, which could improve the financial status of local farmers. The current review emphasizes the potential of biochar as a versatile resource for achieving sustainability in agri-food chains by recycling generated waste.
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Aggo, G. M., N. A. M. Noh, and A. R. M. Yahya. "Use of agricultural wastes in rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1139, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1139/1/012007.

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Abstract This study investigates agricultural wastes as potential fermentation substrates to provide a cheaper solution in rhamnolipid production by P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 while simultaneously attempting to recycle waste. Rhamnolipid production was estimated by orcinol assay, oil spreading test (OST), and emulsification index (E24). The wastes used were waste cooking oil and glycerine pitch. Rhamnolipid fermentation was carried out in shake flask culture using minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with 3% (v/v) agricultural wastes as the sole carbon source and NaNO3 as the nitrogen source. MSM supplemented with waste cooking oil exhibited higher biomass, while glycerine pitch resulted in higher rhamnolipid production. Rhamnolipid from MSM supplemented with waste cooking oil demonstrated higher diameter of clearing zone in the OST than glycerine pitch. It exhibited high emulsification activity on waste cooking oil at 63.3 ± 0.03%, with glycerine pitch recording higher E24 at 71.5 ± 0.03%. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 was able to utilize agricultural wastes to produce appreciable amounts of rhamnolipid.
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33

Fathima, Asna. "Optimizing Agricultural Residue: A Comprehensive Review on Waste Utilization and Management, with Special Emphasis on Vermicomposting." African Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 5 (June 27, 2024): 5639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48047/afjbs.6.5.2024.5639-5656.

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Agriculture wastes are the product,that are theremainsof agriculture products. These remains can be useful in many other ways. Globally, agriculture usage is increasing day by day which also leads to agriculture waste production. Agricultural waste, by-products, and co-products typically refer to residual materials from plants or animals that are not utilized as food or feed, and may contribute to extra environmental and economic challenges within the farming and initial processing stages. Therefore, management of agriculture waste is crucial.
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34

P, Nair, Kuriakose I, and Das B. "Effective Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Waste to Biodegradable Products for a Cleaner Earth." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000230.

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Earth is constantly subjected to dramatic changes due to uncontrolled human activities and this has led to climatic variations associated with global warming resulting in unparalleled greenhouse gas emissions. One of the major causes is solid waste accumulation by human activities ranging from agricultural to industrial activities. The relation between solid waste and climatic change had forced scientists to propose a solid waste management plan to reuse, recycle and create energy from solid waste preventing its accumulation and subsequent pollution. When we consider human activities which are environmentally hazardous; plastic waste accumulation, agricultural wastes disposal and fossil fuel burning holds prominent positions. Plastic wastes. The accumulation of plastic wastes and agricultural wastes pose serious problems of disposal. Plastic wastes are often incinerated or left to be dumped in landfills. Similarly, agricultural wastes are also burnt, releasing a lot of toxic gases into the atmosphere. A common solution to curb both the problems is to streamline the production of bioplastic using agricultural waste (mostly lignocellulose) as a substrate. The third major environmental threat is the increased motor vehicle emission leading to air pollution associated with health threat. The extent of risk ranges from carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health effects. Carbon dioxide emission by the increasing use of fossil fuels by ever increasing world population not only depletes the resource but also will result in anthropogenic climate change. Therefore, utilization of lignocellulosic waste material as raw material for monomers for bioplastic as well as for bioethanol production can be considered as a productive approach to address all the three problems mentioned above. In addition utilization of fermentation residue after bio products extraction can be used as a soil enriching agent. The intention is converting lignocellulosic waste to zero waste.
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Assandri, Davide, Giorgia Bagagiolo, Eugenio Cavallo, and Niccolò Pampuro. "Replacing Agricultural Diesel Fuel with Biomethane from Agricultural Waste: Assessment of Biomass Availability and Potential Energy Supply in Piedmont (North-West Italy)." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 2996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12122996.

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Agricultural and livestock wastes are an important resource for the production of renewable fuels such as biomethane, and the effective management of the components of supply chain, such as available biomass feedstock, are critical to the transition to a low-carbon circular economy. Considering that more than half of the emissions (CO2eq) generated in agriculture come from the use of fossil fuels to power tractors and other agricultural machinery, replacing diesel fuel in tractors with biofuels produced within the agricultural supply chain could contribute to greenhouse gas emissions reduction and to energy self-sufficiency for the local agricultural sectors. This study evaluated, at the regional level (Piedmont—north-west Italy), the potential production of biomethane from local agricultural wastes (crop residues and livestock manure), the potential energy supply to power tractors and the potential CO2 emission reduction by replacing diesel fuel. Based on mean annual available agricultural wastes over the last seven years (2015–2021) in the Piedmont region, the annual potential biomethane yield of 910 × 106 m3 year−1 was estimated, equivalent to a thermal energy of 30.1 × 109 MJ year−1, which is 3.8 times higher than the energy requirements for the regional tractors’ fleet. The estimated potential CO2 emission reduction is about 93.8 t of CO2 year−1, corresponding to 16.8% potential reduction. The study demonstrates the potential of local agriculture to replace diesel fuel with biomethane from waste to meet energy needs and carbon neutrality.
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Khalife, Esmail, Maryam Sabouri, Mohammad Kaveh, and Mariusz Szymanek. "Recent Advances in the Application of Agricultural Waste in Construction." Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2024): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14062355.

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On a global scale, millions of tons of diverse agricultural residues are generated annually. Most of these wastes are burned or dumped in landfills, which causes environmental pollution. Addressing environmental issues arising from agricultural waste materials, in addition to mitigating heating and cooling expenses in the construction sector, is an interesting challenge for researchers. The utilization of agricultural wastes in different parts of construction is producing positive findings day by day, and investigating research in this field is a curiosity for researchers. This short study reviewed the most recent achievements in using agricultural wastes as a substitute or additive material for construction. Using these wastes as aggregate, ash (as a supplementary for cement), or fibers for foam concrete, insulation materials, etc. has been reviewed. This review has focused on very recent published papers. Several studies have demonstrated the effective influences of agro-waste materials in construction, like retaining the compressive strength (155 MPa) of concrete at standard levels and reducing heat losses in buildings (69% energy savings for brick insulated using wheat straw), as well as sound insulation. The use of agro-waste materials for insulation positively improved thermal conductivity, costs, and energy savings. However, some wastes did not provide a high added value, which shows that more investigations still need be performed to fill this gap in the research. Considering the global scale of agricultural waste generation and the potential benefits to both the environment and construction industry, continued research in this area is essential.
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Noor, Awal, and Sher Ali Khan. "Agricultural Wastes as Renewable Biomass to Remediate Water Pollution." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054246.

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Increases in agricultural waste, population, and industrialization are leading to serious environmental problems, in particular drinking water contamination. Continuous efforts have been made to remediate water pollution through different approaches, either by decreasing the interring of pollutants or treatment of already contaminated water. The development of an efficient, cheaper, and renewable adsorbent is the focus of the current research. Agricultural wastes are cheap materials for this purpose and have attracted much attention of researchers. These agricultural wastes are either field residues such as stems, stalks, and leaves, or process residues such as husks, roots, and bagasse, as they have the same chemical composition (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignocelluloses). These wastes are processed using different methods to yield an efficient adsorbent. Chemical modification is used to prepare novel efficient adsorbents using agricultural wastes, rather than incineration of these materials. This review summarizes the research outcomes in terms of chemical modification and application of agricultural wastes used for the eradication of organic and inorganic pollutants from water.
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Wahyuningsih, Sri, Nur Ihda Farikhatin Nisa, and Ade Trisnawati. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Eco-Enzyme: Solusi Ramah Lingkungan untuk Mengurangi Polusi Lingkungan." SOROT : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/sorot.v2i2.4536.

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The primary source of income for the residents of Kenongorejo Village in Madiun Regency is agriculture. The village is situated in a mountainous region. This village produces an increasing amount of agricultural waste due to the abundance of agricultural products. Environmental pollution may result from the amount of agricultural waste that has not been appropriately recycled. Even if part of the agricultural waste has been used as animal feed, the residents of this village still have a concern with the vast amount that has been wasted. It takes environmentally responsible technologies to transform these agricultural wastes into products with a marketable value. The service team's recommendation is to offer training sessions on the production of eco-enzymes, which source their primary raw material from agricultural waste. In order to improve comprehension and abilities in creating eco-enzymes, the strategy employed in this community service activity includes identifying partner requirements, counselling, training, evaluation, and monitoring, as well as post-activity help. The majority of the women of PKK Kenongorejo Village are the main audience for this project. Eco-enzymes, which can be utilised for domestic requirements and sold to the general public as natural cleaning solutions, are the end products of this service activity.
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Andrianto, Dimas, Husnawati, Zulfikar Muchammad, Danty Oktiana Prastiwi, Gina Oktaviani Sabrina, Muhammad Farhan, Imelia Dewi, et al. "Pemberdayaan Pertanian Terpadu Bermodal Limbah Ladang, Dapur dan Kandang Berbasis Koperasi di Desa Cibitung Tengah, Bogor." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 3 (November 27, 2020): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.6.3.195-205.

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Farming in Cibitung Tengah Village, Tenjolaya Subdistrict, Bogor District, West Jawa is characterized by vegetables and sheep farming. Several problems in farming are the use of chemical fertilizers, management of agriculture and domestic wastes properly; even some people disposing of garbage in the river and also, the institutional Farmer Group Association (Gapoktan) and Female Farmer Group (KWT) are not functioning optimally. The use of an integrated farming system can increase land and livestock productivities and reduce the volume of agriculture and domestic wastes all at once. This community empowerment activity aimed to increase the people's knowledge and skill of Cibitung Tengah Village in terms of processing agricultural and domestic wastes. Thus it will overcome the garbage and overuse of chemical fertilizer problems. The discussions and outreach activities were done by a door-to-door approach, especially for people who have not been actively involved in Gapoktan and KWT. This research was carried out with several educational activities such as counseling on community waste management systems, training on organic waste processing, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) training, processing organic waste with BSF technology, making silage as goat feed, and making branding of agricultural products. This empowerment program produced new products or processed products. The products will increase the income for the people of Cibitung Tengah, such as maggot processing products, CS-Fresh products, results from waste banks, and handicraft products from waste.
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M.O., Azeez, Adesanwo O.O., Awoyefa R., and Adediwura J.O. "Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Chemical and Structural Properties of Raw Agricultural Wastes." African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 6, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafs-yy75rsrk.

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This study was carried out to assess the effect of charring on chemical and structural properties of raw agricultural wastes at two different temperatures. The agricultural wastes (feather from the poultry unit, maize cob, maize stalk, bamboo, rice straw, cocoa pods, maize husk and used paper from offices) were collected from Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Ife excluding the used paper, which was collected from the Academic areas, OAU. The collected waste materials were air-dried, pulverized, ground, and sieved with 2 mm sieve separately. Biochars were produced from raw agricultural wastes at pyrolysis temperatures 400℃ and 450℃. The raw and selected charred agricultural wastes were subjected to chemical and structural analyses. Pyrolysis of the raw materials at the two temperatures led to a significant increase in pH. A significant decrease in organic carbon of all the agricultural waste materials was observed after pyrolysis, a lower C:N was recorded; however, nitrogen content did not change significantly with pyrolysis temperature compared with the raw waste materials. The concentrations of cations like Ca and Mg were unaffected by the pyrolysis temperatures, but significant increase was observed with potassium. The results of FTIR analysis indicated the presence of many surface functional groups in both the raw and charred materials, such as OH, COOH and NH, that could be involved in adsorption and release of plant nutrients in soils, including heavy metals adsorption from soil. However, the intensities of the functional groups were lower in raw agricultural wastes compared with charred agricultural waste. The effect of temperature differences was not significant on the elemental and structural properties; thus, any could be taken as the optimum temperature for effective biochar production. It was concluded that biochar produced from agricultural wastes could be used as liming materials and soil amendments. Also, the presence of carboxylic and phenolic groups in the charred materials will increase the soil cation exchange capacity and improve the nutrient holding capacity of the soil.
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Marzouk, Hanan A., Mohammed A. Arab, Mohy S. Fattouh, and Asmaa S. Hamouda. "Effect of Agricultural Phragmites, Rice Straw, Rice Husk, and Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes on the Properties and Microstructure of High-Strength Self-Compacted Self-Curing Concrete." Buildings 13, no. 9 (September 21, 2023): 2394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092394.

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Each year, billions of tons of agricultural waste are generated globally. Egypt, being an agriculturally centered nation, faces significant challenges in disposing of this waste and coping with self-germinating plants that negatively impact agriculture. The common practice among farmers is to burn the waste, which exacerbates environmental concerns. With the global shift towards eco-friendly concrete, this study explores the utilization of agricultural waste ashes, particularly those abundant in Egypt and numerous other countries worldwide. Among the researched waste ashes are Phragmites ash (PGA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), rice husk ash (RHA), and rice straw ash (RSA). This investigation examines the impact of partially substituting cement with varying ash percentages from these wastes on the characteristics and properties of fresh and hardened high-strength self-compacting self-curing concrete (HSSCSCC). The findings indicate the potential applicability of these ashes in producing HSSCSCC, specifically highlighting the promising outcome of PG ash, which exhibited favorable results as a new type of natural ash suitable for the concrete industry.
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Waqas, Muhammad, Sarfraz Hashim, Usa Wannasingha Humphries, Shakeel Ahmad, Rabeea Noor, Muhammad Shoaib, Adila Naseem, Phyo Thandar Hlaing, and Hnin Aye Lin. "Composting Processes for Agricultural Waste Management: A Comprehensive Review." Processes 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030731.

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Composting is the most adaptable and fruitful method for managing biodegradable solid wastes; it is a crucial agricultural practice that contributes to recycling farm and agricultural wastes. Composting is profitable for various plant, animal, and synthetic wastes, from residential bins to large corporations. Composting and agricultural waste management (AWM) practices flourish in developing countries, especially Pakistan. Composting has advantages over other AWM practices, such as landfilling agricultural waste, which increases the potential for pollution of groundwater by leachate, while composting reduces water contamination. Furthermore, waste is burned, open-dumped on land surfaces, and disposed of into bodies of water, leading to environmental and global warming concerns. Among AWM practices, composting is an environment-friendly and cost-effective practice for agricultural waste disposal. This review investigates improved AWM via various conventional and emerging composting processes and stages: composting, underlying mechanisms, and factors that influence composting of discrete crop residue, municipal solid waste (MSW), and biomedical waste (BMW). Additionally, this review describes and compares conventional and emerging composting. In the conclusion, current trends and future composting possibilities are summarized and reviewed. Recent developments in composting for AWM are highlighted in this critical review; various recommendations are developed to aid its technological growth, recognize its advantages, and increase research interest in composting processes.
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Zhang, Jingmiao, Naruhito Hori, and Akio Takemura. "Reinforcement of agricultural wastes liquefied polyols based polyurethane foams by agricultural wastes particles." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138, no. 23 (February 9, 2021): 50583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.50583.

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Hamrouni, Rayhane, Flor Regus, Magalie Claeys-Bruno, Anne-Marie Farnet Da Silva, Thierry Orsière, Isabelle Laffont-Schwob, Jean-Luc Boudenne, and Nathalie Dupuy. "Statistical Experimental Design as a New Approach to Optimize a Solid-State Fermentation Substrate for the Production of Spores and Bioactive Compounds from Trichoderma asperellum." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 11 (November 20, 2023): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9111123.

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Managing organic agricultural wastes is a challenge in today’s modern agriculture, where the production of different agricultural goods leads to the generation of large amounts of waste, for example, olive pomace and vine shoot in Mediterranean Europe. The discovery of a cost-effective and environment-friendly way to valorize such types of waste in Mediterranean Europe is encouraged by the European Union regulation. As an opportunity, organic agricultural waste could be used as culture media for solid-state fermentation (SSF) for fungal strains. This methodology represents a great opportunity to produce secondary metabolites like 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP), a lactone compound with antifungal properties against phytopathogens, produced by Trichoderma spp. Therefore, to reach adequate yields of 6-PP, lytic enzymes, and spores, optimization using specific agricultural cheap local wastes from Southeastern France is in order. The present study was designed to show the applicability of an experimental admixture design to find the optimal formulation that favors the production of 6-PP. To conclude, the optimized formulation of 6-PP production by Trichoderma under SSF contains 18% wheat bran, 23% potato flakes, 20% olive pomace, 14% olive oil, 24% oatmeal, and 40% vine shoots.
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Li, Po Min, Ching Wei Lee, and Wei Ting Chen. "Using Agricultural Wastes as Compounded Medium for Fungal Mycelia." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.278.

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In agricultural industry, waste management is a crucial issue in developing countries as agricultural wastes have become one of the main causes of the globally environmental pollution. Thus, how to effectively utilize these wastes will substantially reduce environmental pollution and lower resources losses. Instead of adding chemicals, this research used different species of bananas in shake flask cultures of Agaricus blazei to yield the same amount of polysaccharide as in other common medium. The dry weight of mycelia and polysaccharide had a 0.06 mg/ml change in the Agaricus blazei mycelia by adding banana wastes. In addition, the mycelium dry weight and polysaccharide production were in positive correlation.
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46

Griffiths, A. J., and W. Hicks. "Agricultural Waste to Energy – A UK Perspective." Energy & Environment 8, no. 2 (June 1997): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9700800205.

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The UK has a potential to utilise agricultural waste and energy crops to generate significant portion of its electrical power supplying 2.21 millions homes and saving the equivalent of 13 million tonnes of coal per year. Stimulated by the Non fossil Fuel Obligation orders, suppliers and other contractors have installed about 1200 MW of the Governments 1500 MW target for renewable power generation by the year 2000. Under the first order of 1990, 25.48 MW of generating capacity was installed using biomass and its associated wastes. Under the 1993 order this had increased to 122.78 MW using a variety of different technologies and a more diverse range of wastes and energy crops. The regional potential for both dry and wet waste arisings have been analysed and both the potential, economics and favoured technologies identified.
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Osman, Syaiful, Muhammad Farhan Putera Firnando, Mohd Nazarudin Zakaria, and Mansur Ahmad. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fired Industrial Waste-Clay Brick from Sugarcane Bagasse." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 9, SI17 (January 7, 2024): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9isi17.5410.

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Fired industrial clay brick depletes clay soil, wastes energy and wastes money. Population growth has increased agricultural waste. Many studies have been conducted on the production of fired industrial waste clay brick from sugarcane bagasse ash. This research reviews the physical and mechanical properties of sugarcane bagasse fired industrial waste clay brick. Fired industrial waste clay brick- filled with sugarcane bagasse ash provide better mechanical and physical properties than normal fired bricks. Reduce clay soil mining, agricultural waste, and fired industrial bricks reduces energy and costs. This supports sustainable development and helps the environment (SDG).
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Wajima, T. "Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide Gas Using Agricultural Wastes." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2020.11.2.781.

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Rakesh, B., T. Chitdeshwari, S. Maragatham, D. J. S. Sharmila, A. Senthil, and N. Chitra. "Silica-derived materials from agricultural wastes: characterization and comparative studies." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 19, no. 2 (May 13, 2024): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2024.192.605.

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The management and disposal of agro-wastes are the major environmental problems nowa-days and presence of substantial quantity of silica in agro-wastes made them possible to convert waste into valuable fertilizer materials. The present study aimed to extract silica from various agro-wastes such as paddy straw (PS), sugarcane bagasse (SB), maize cobs (MC) and coconut husk (CH) by exposing to various calcination temperatures (500o C, 600o C and 700o C) and characterized through XRF, FESEM-EDAX, TEM, FT-IR, XR-D and other basic properties. The recovery of silica from paddy straw calcined at 700o C was higher than that of other temperatures and sources tested.
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El-Ramady, Hassan, Eric C. Brevik, Yousry Bayoumi, Tarek A. Shalaby, Mohammed E. El-Mahrouk, Naglaa Taha, Heba Elbasiouny, et al. "An Overview of Agro-Waste Management in Light of the Water-Energy-Waste Nexus." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315717.

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It is urgent that we increase global food production to support population growth. Food production requires significant resources, amongst them water and energy. Therefore, any losses of food or other agricultural products also means a waste of water and energy resources. A significant amount of these losses occurs during the postharvest stage, primarily during processing and storage. This is considered avoidable food waste. The water-energy-waste nexus (WEW), and its relationship to food production, needs to be investigated from a circular bioeconomy lens. Furthermore, alternative uses of the wastes should be investigated. This review focuses on agro-wastes and their management as sources for bioactive compounds, biofertilizers, biomaterials, nanomaterials, pharmaceuticals and medicinal agents, and growth media, e.g., for plant tissue culture. We also investigated the potential contribution of agro-wastes to bioenergy production (bioethanol, biogas, and biofuel). Proper management of agro-wastes may support the mitigation of climate change, produce innovative bio-ingredients and biodegradable materials, and enhance green growth and a circular bioeconomy. We argue that the management of agro-wastes cannot be discussed without referring to the role of water and energy within the food system. Thus, this review focuses on agricultural wastes and their handling, applications, environmental impacts, and potential benefits in the agricultural and medical industries in light of the WEW nexus.
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