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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural productivity – Great Britain – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Fando, Roman A. "Propaganda of T. D. Lysenko’s Anti-Scientific Views on the Pages of French Periodicals of the 1930s?40s." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2023): 1185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-4-1185-1198.

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The article is devoted to foreign propaganda of T. D. Lysenko’s views on the nature of heredity and variability. Articles from French communist periodicals are used as an example. The article?s relevance is determined by understudied issue of the Lysenkoism promotion in France, although it is known that his doctrine, which was close to Lamarckism, was being implanted after 1948 in the countries of the socialist camp and criticized by the British and American biologists. The historical picture of purposeful promotion of anti-scientific views criticizing fundamental genetics has been reconstruct

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Popović, Goran, Ognjen Erić, and Jelena Bjelić. "Factor Analysis of Prices and Agricultural Production in the European Union." ECONOMICS 8, no. 1 (2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2020-0001.

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AbstractCommon agricultural policy (CAP) is a factor of development and cohesion of the European Union (EU) agriculture. The fundamentals of CAP were defined in the 1950s, when the Union was formed. Since then, CAP has been reforming and adapting to new circumstances. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union defines the goals of CAP: stable (acceptable) prices of agricultural products, growth, productivity and technological progress in agriculture, growth in farmers’ income and supplying the common market. Factor analysis of the prices and production goals of CAP directly or indirectly

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3

Allen, Robert C. "American Exceptionalism as a Problem in Global History." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 2 (2014): 309–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205071400028x.

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The causes of the United States’ exceptional economic performance are investigated by comparing American wages and prices with wages and prices in Great Britain, Egypt, and India. American industrialization in the nineteenth century required tariff protection since the country's comparative advantage lay in agriculture. After 1895 surging American productivity shifted the country's comparative advantage to manufacturing. Egypt and India could not have industrialized by following American policies since their wages were so low and their energy costs so high that the modern technology that was c

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Schwartz, Robert M. "Rail Transport, Agrarian Crisis, and the Restructuring of Agriculture." Social Science History 34, no. 2 (2010): 229–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011226.

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During the late nineteenth century the transport revolution and growing agricultural output, especially in North America, engendered an agrarian crisis (1878–96) when intensifying international competition in foodstuffs led to dramatic price declines, particularly in wheat and other cereals. This comparative study of the process in Britain and France examines regional and local patterns of rural change in relation to the expansion of railways, the agrarian crisis, and the responses to the crisis by the governments and farmers of the two countries. Using spatial statistics and geographically we

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5

Martin, John. "The role of nitrogen in transforming British agricultural productivity production prior to and during the First World War." Global Environment 13, no. 3 (2020): 583–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2020.130304.

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This paper explores the reasons why artificial or mineral sources of nitrogen, which were more readily available in Britain than in other European countries, were only slowly adopted by farmers in the decades prior to and during the First World War. It considers why nitrogen in the form of sulphate of ammonia, a by-product of coal-gas (town-gas) manufacture, was increasingly exported from Britain for use by German farmers. At the same time Britain was attempting to monopolise foreign supplies of Chilean nitrate, which was not only a valuable source of fertiliser for agriculture but also an ess

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Pardey, Philip G., and Julian M. Alston. "Unpacking the Agricultural Black Box: The Rise and Fall of American Farm Productivity Growth." Journal of Economic History 81, no. 1 (2021): 114–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000649.

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Has the golden age of U.S. agricultural productivity growth ended? We analyze the detailed patterns of productivity growth spanning a century of profound changes in American agriculture. We document a substantial slowing of U.S. farm productivity growth, following a late mid-century surge—20 years after the surge and slowdown in U.S. industrial productivity growth. We posit and empirically probe three related explanations for this farm productivity surge-slowdown: the time path of agricultural R&D-driven knowledge stocks; a big wave of technological progress associated with great clusters

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Akhmetov, Adilbek, and Sherzodbek Akhmedov. "Influence of Tractor Tires on Soil: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on Scopus." E3S Web of Conferences 563 (2024): 03067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456303067.

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The role of agricultural machinery interacting with the main soil is performed by its wheels, which either amplify or mitigate adverse effects. Faced with climate change and population pressure, urgent research is needed in sectors like agriculture to enhance productivity, assess land suitability, optimize crop yields, and support sustainable development. This article presents a bibliometric analysis of tractor wheel impact on agricultural fields. Using the Scopus database, thousands of documents from 1948–2023 were processed. Results show a rising trend in publications. Leading sources includ

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Abdullah, Shahino Mah. "Human Capital Development in the Age of Artificial Intelligence." ICR Journal 9, no. 2 (2018): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v9i2.128.

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Improvement in standards of living can be attributed to emerging innovations and technological changes. Innovations in farming methods, for example, triggered the Agricultural Revolution in Britain, which then set off the Industrial Revolution in 1750. Back then, the coal-powered steam engine significantly benefitted the iron industry, textile trade, and transportation. Since then, a series of innovations have emerged and successfully solved certain human inefficiencies and increased overall productivity. Although the British initially prohibited the export of technology and skilled workers, t

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Jackson, Christine E. "The Ward family of taxidermists." Archives of Natural History 45, no. 1 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2018.0478.

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Three generations of Ward taxidermists practised their craft both in Britain and abroad. The grandfather, John, had a daughter Jane Catherine, and two sons, James Frederick and Edwin Henry, both of whom went to North America to collect birds (Henry with John James Audubon). Edwin Henry's own two sons, Edwin and Rowland, became two of the best known taxidermists in Great Britain. Edwin emigrated to California, where he taught his skills to his three sons. Rowland was the most famous, successful and wealthy member of the family, becoming world-renowned as a taxidermist.

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Dance, S. Peter. "Savouring The edible mollusks of M. S. Lovell." Archives of Natural History 34, no. 1 (2007): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2007.34.1.192.

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M. S. Lovell's The edible mollusks of Great Britain and Ireland has been largely ignored and the identity of its author misconstrued. The history of this scarce publication is reviewed and the significant differences between the first edition of 1867 and the second of 1884 are indicated. The recently resolved mystery of its authorship is discussed.

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McCloskey, Deirdre Nansen. "Fukuyama Was Correct: Liberalism Is the Telos of History." Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 139, no. 2-4 (2019): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.139.2-4.285.

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Liberalism, as Fukuyama assured in 1989, is the end the telos of history. “Liberalism” is to be understood as a society of adult non-slaves, liberi in Latin. It arose for sufficient reasons in northwestern Europe in the 18th century, and uniquely denied the hierarchy of agricultural societies hitherto. It inspired ordinary people to extraordinary acts of innovation, called the Great Enrichment. How “great:” a stunning 3,000 percent increase in real GDP for the poorest people, from 1800 to the present, and now spreading to China, India and the rest of the world. It was equalizing. For it to hap

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Meshcheryakov, A. N. "The perception of “insular” England in “insular” Japan." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 1 (April 20, 2024): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2024-1-98-110.

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The insular position has serious influence on history and mentality. However, this provision “works” only in conjunction with other factors. Japan and England are island nations, but the history of England is characterized by the maximum number of foreign contacts, while that of Japan, until the middle of the 19th century, by the minimum one. The passive approach to space in Tokugawa period is explained by the following factors: high productivity of rice cultivation, lack of livestock farming, the conviction that Japan has the best climate, and the “closed country” policy. During the Meiji per

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Evett, Steven R., Paul D. Colaizzi, Freddie R. Lamm, et al. "Past, Present, and Future of Irrigation on the U.S. Great Plains." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 3 (2020): 703–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13620.

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Highlights Irrigation is key to the productivity of Great Plains agriculture but is threatened by water scarcity. The irrigated area grew to &gt;9 million ha since 1870, mostly since 1950, but is likely to decline. Changes in climate, water availability, irrigated area, and policy will affect productivity. Adaptation and innovation, hallmarks of Great Plains populations, will ensure future success. Abstract. Motivated by the need for sustainable water management and technology for next-generation crop production, the future of irrigation on the U.S. Great Plains was examined through the le

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Schwartz, Robert M. "The Transport Revolution on Land and Sea: Farming, Fishing, and Railways in Great Britain, 1840-1914." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (2018): 106–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2018-0005.

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Abstract The introduction and expansion of rapid rail transportation in Great Britain helped transform sea fishing and make fresh fish a new commodity of mass consumption. In agriculture the rail network greatly facilitated the shift from mixed cereal farming to dairy farming. To demonstrate the timing and extent of these changes in food production this article blends history and geography to create a spatial history of the subject. Using the computational tools of GIS and text mining, spatial history charts the expanding geography and size of the fresh fish industry and documents the growing

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Nagayev, Viktor, and Tetiana Gerliand. "The Technological Basis of Training Future Teachers of Agricultural Disciplines in Higher Education Institutions: Pedagogical Experience of Great Britain." Educational Challenges 27, no. 2 (2022): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/2709-7986.2022.27.2.10.

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The article aims to develop a comprehensive pedagogical model for training future teachers of agrarian disciplines in the context of implementing a three-level pedagogical technology for educational process management (EPM). The pedagogical experience of Great Britain is under review, which can be used to improve the technological process of forming the professional competence of teaching specialists. The research methodology was determined by a set of methodological approaches (system, activity, competence, technological, personal development) and was based on a pedagogical experiment t

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Moore, P. G. "The Lochbuie Marine Institute, Isle of Mull, Scotland." Archives of Natural History 40, no. 1 (2013): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2013.0135.

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The Lochbuie Marine Institute on the Isle of Mull (Inner Hebrides), established in 1886, had links with the short-lived National Fish Culture Association of Great Britain and Ireland (inaugurated 1882). Its amalgamation with the Scottish Marine Station at Granton (Edinburgh) was informally suggested in 1887, but it ceased to exist about this time.

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Zhou, Xun. "Re-examining the History of the Great Famine in China through Documentary Evidence." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 3, no. 2 (2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t2pc70.

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This paper examines documentary evidence that has emerged from the Chinese state archives showing that from the outset, the Great Leap Forward failed as a method for improving agricultural productivity; that its failure was quickly evident and purposefully ignored; and that the level of human suffering and death was greater than has been suggested. In addition, in contrast to the image of a strictly disciplined communist society in which errors at the top cause the entire machinery to grind to a halt, the portrait that emerges from archival documents is one of a society in deliquescence, as pe

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Li, Bozhong, and Jan Luiten van Zanden. "Before the Great Divergence? Comparing the Yangzi Delta and the Netherlands at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 4 (2012): 956–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000654.

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This article tests recent ideas about the long-term economic development of China compared with Europe on the basis of a detailed comparison of structure and level of GDP in part of the Yangzi delta and the Netherlands in the 1820s. We find that Dutch GDP per capita was almost twice as high as in the Yangzi delta. Agricultural productivity there was at about the same level as in the Netherlands (and England), but large productivity gaps existed in industry and services. We attempt to explain this concluding that differences in factor costs are probably behind disparities in labor productivity.

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19

Chen, Yixin. "Cold War Competition and Food Production in China, 1957–1962." Agricultural History 83, no. 1 (2009): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-83.1.51.

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Abstract This article examines how Mao’s grand strategy for Cold War competition inflicted a catastrophic agricultural failure in China and victimized tens of millions of Chinese peasants. It argues that Khrushchev’s 1957 boast about the Soviet Union surpassing the United States in key economic areas inspired Mao to launch an industrialization program that would push the People’s Republic past Great Britain in some production categories within fifteen years. Beginning in 1958 Mao imposed unrealistic targets on Chinese grain production to extract funds from agriculture for rapid industrial grow

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Crook, D. P. "Peter Chalmers Mitchell and antiwar evolutionism in Britain during the Great War." Journal of the History of Biology 22, no. 2 (1989): 325–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00139517.

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JANET. "Duck decoys, with particular reference to the history of bird ringing." Archives of Natural History 20, no. 2 (1993): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1993.20.2.229.

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The Dutch decoy of the sixteenth century is described. It was a sophisticated device for catching ducks that depended, for its effectiveness, upon the mobbing response that swimming wildfowl show to mammalian predators such as dogs and foxes. A great decline in the use of decoys for obtaining dead ducks for market occurred during the last century; however, in 1907, a decoy in Denmark was used for the first time as a trap to catch birds in order to release them individually ringed. The majority of ducks ringed in Britain have been caught in decoys, starting at Orielton in 1934. The results obta

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22

READ, CHARLES. "THE ‘REPEAL YEAR’ IN IRELAND: AN ECONOMIC REASSESSMENT." Historical Journal 58, no. 1 (2015): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000168.

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AbstractMost of the existing literature on the ‘Repeal Year’ agitation in Ireland explains the rise in popularity of the 1842–3 campaign for repeal of the Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in political and religious terms. This article argues that, in addition, the British government's economic policy of reducing tariffs in 1842 damaged Ireland's agricultural economy and increased popular support for the Repeal movement. Using both qualitative and quantitative analysis, this article shows that the tariff reductions and import relaxations of the 1842 budget had an immediate negativ

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Ryan, Raymond. "The anti-annuity payment campaign, 1934–6." Irish Historical Studies 34, no. 135 (2005): 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400004491.

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The retention by the Fianna Fáil government of the land annuities in 1932 and the consequent trade dispute with Great Britain, the ‘economic war’, is a subject extensively covered in the existing historiography, both in terms of the diplomatic and economic facets of the dispute. Opposition by the opponents of Fianna Fáil to the collection of land annuities has been well documented in the context of the political conflict between supporters and opponents of the treaty. Another trend in the historiography has emphasised, as the central characteristic of the anti-annuity payment campaign, the opp

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Stevens, Chris J., and Dorian Q. Fuller. "Did Neolithic farming fail? The case for a Bronze Age agricultural revolution in the British Isles." Antiquity 86, no. 333 (2012): 707–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00047864.

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This paper rewrites the early history of Britain, showing that while the cultivation of cereals arrived there in about 4000 cal BC, it did not last. Between 3300 and 1500 BC Britons became largely pastoral, reverting only with a major upsurge of agricultural activity in the Middle Bronze Age. This loss of interest in arable farming was accompanied by a decline in population, seen by the authors as having a climatic impetus. But they also point to this period as the time of construction of the great megalithic monuments, including Stonehenge. We are left wondering whether pastoralism was all th

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Menard, Russell R. "Plantation Empire: How Sugar and Tobacco Planters Built Their Industries and Raised an Empire." Agricultural History 81, no. 3 (2007): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-81.3.309.

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Abstract This essay develops an American approach to the rise of the English Atlantic during the seventeenth century. It argues that productivity gains in plantation agriculture fueled an extraordinary expansion of commerce as planters raising tobacco, sugar, and rice improved their efficiency and were able to lower prices. Lower prices made the products of American plantations affordable to an ever-growing number of European consumers. The increased consumption fueled the expansion of the American plantation colonies, transformed the Atlantic into an English inland sea, and led to the creatio

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Morton, Brian. "The Great Barrier Reef Expedition's “Coral Corroboree”, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 10 July 1928: an historical portent." Archives of Natural History 38, no. 1 (2011): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2011.0007.

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On their arrival in Brisbane from Great Britain, biological members of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition were invited to a welcoming dinner on 10 July 1928. The copy of C. M. Yonge's (the expedition's leader) dinner menu survives and is signed by, presumably, all attendees. At first glance, the menu appears to comprise exotic Australian seafood courses but closer examination suggests these are mostly amusing epithets for basic fare perhaps to create bonhomie. Queensland interest in the expedition's aims was concerned with the fisheries potential of the reef and its waters and the dinner menu m

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Page, Arnaud. "“The greatest victory which the chemist has won in the fight (…) against Nature”: Nitrogenous fertilizers in Great Britain and the British Empire, 1910s–1950s." History of Science 54, no. 4 (2016): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275316681801.

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This paper analyses the rise of synthetic nitrogen in Great Britain and its empire, from the First World War to the aftermath of the Second World War. Rather than focus solely on technological innovations and consumption statistics, it seeks to explain how nitrogen was a central element in the expansion of a form of agricultural governance, which needed simplified, stable, and seemingly universal input/output formulae. In the first half of the twentieth century, nitrogen was thus gradually constructed as a global indicator of development, as it was particularly adapted to scientific and politi

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Harvey, Brian. "Changing fortunes on the Aran Islands in the 1890s." Irish Historical Studies 27, no. 107 (1991): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002112140001052x.

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By the turn of the twentieth century the west of Ireland had become a geographical expression synonymous with poverty and destitution. Whilst in the eighteenth century Connacht was regarded as inaccessible, it was not considered to be overpopulated, hungry or poverty-stricken. Its economic and social condition began to change for the worse in the nineteenth century. From 1816-17 onwards the western seaboard was affected more and more severely by a series of famines and localised distress and typhus. Hardship on the islands off Mayo and Galway was so severe in 1822-3 that London philanthropists

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Ferguson, Dean T. "Nightsoil and the ‘Great Divergence’: human waste, the urban economy, and economic productivity, 1500–1900." Journal of Global History 9, no. 3 (2014): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022814000175.

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AbstractThe use of nightsoil, a Victorian euphemism for human faeces and urine, has for some time been recognized as an important feature of Chinese and Japanese agricultural practice. The importance of the work of nightsoil men and women in early modern and modern cities in other parts of the world has not been the subject of much attention, however, nor has the significance of the differential use of human waste. This article explores the varied ways in which nightsoil men and women organized their work in cities around the world in the period from 1500 to 1900. It also examines the ways in

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GARRIDO, SAMUEL. "Oranges or "Lemons"? Family Farming and Product Quality in the Spanish Orange Industry, 1870–1960." Agricultural History 84, no. 2 (2010): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-84.2.224.

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Abstract In the early twentieth century California became a big exporter of some agricultural products that, until then, had only been grown on a large scale in the Mediterranean basin. As a result, exports of those products diminished or stagnated in Mediterranean countries, with important repercussions on their economies. The Spanish orange industry, however, continued to expand, despite the fact that a substantial percentage of Spanish oranges came from farms owned by (often illiterate) small peasants who, in comparison to the California growers, used a great deal of labor, small amounts of

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Palladino, Paolo. "Wizards and Devotees: On the Mendelian Theory of Inheritance and the Professionalization of Agricultural Science in Great Britain and the United States, 1880–1930." History of Science 32, no. 4 (1994): 409–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007327539403200403.

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Davide, Romulo. "Farmer-Scientist RDE Training Program in a Corn-Based Production System for Sustainable Agricultural Development." Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 23, no. 2 (2001): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2001.5117.

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A brief history of the development of systematic entomology in the Philippines is presented. Early collections, descriptions, and nomenclature of Philippine insects were done by foreigners, mostly from Great Britain, Germany, and the United States of America. Japanese workers on Philippine materials came much later, starting in the 1960s. It was only after World War II (1950s) that Filipino taxonomists/systematists began to study groups of economically important insects and mites. Twelve to fifteen systematists in the entire country have their respective specializations, but these experts coul

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Huang, Philip C. C. "Revisiting “the Great Divergence”: Clarifying the Two Major Modes of Agricultural Change in China and the West." Rural China 20, no. 2 (2023): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-12341300.

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Abstract Kenneth Pomeranz and Li Bozhong have recently conceded that they had been wrong that “the great divergence” between China and the West occurred only after 1800, but they continue to insist that when it came to agriculture and its labor productivity, their earlier argument still holds. This article summarizes the broad differences between eighteenth-century England’s crops cum animal husbandry agriculture and China’s crops-only agriculture to demonstrate the fundamental differences between the two. It is time we recognize fully how very different the two were and are, and how and why e

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Moreira, Cristina, and Jari Eloranta. "Importance of «weak» states during conflicts: Portuguese trade with the United States during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 29, no. 3 (2011): 393–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610911000139.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the analysis of weak states in the international trading system during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic crises, especially on Portugal's trade relations with the United States. We argue that the previous studies of the trade flows during these conflicts have not paid enough attention on smaller actors. Even though the Peninsular War caused severe disruption of agricultural production in Portugal, the United States, despite its strained relations with an ally of Portugal, Great Britain, became a key supplier for the Portuguese market. Clearly, the threatened positi

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Cole, Ella F., and John L. Quinn. "Shy birds play it safe: personality in captivity predicts risk responsiveness during reproduction in the wild." Biology Letters 10, no. 5 (2014): 20140178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0178.

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Despite a growing body of evidence linking personality to life-history variation and fitness, the behavioural mechanisms underlying these relationships remain poorly understood. One mechanism thought to play a key role is how individuals respond to risk. Relatively reactive and proactive (or shy and bold) personality types are expected to differ in how they manage the inherent trade-off between productivity and survival, with bold individuals being more risk-prone with lower survival probability, and shy individuals adopting a more risk-averse strategy. In the great tit ( Parus major ), the sh

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Barkova, Kateryna. "Team formation as a component formation of a successful corporate environment." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 8, no. 4 (2023): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2023-4-31.

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The article aims to substantiate the advantages of team building development in the modern corporate environment. An analysis of the history of the origin and rooting of the philosophy of team building in personnel management was carried out with the selection of chronological stages of the development of processes and their content. The study formulated the advantages of team building for the enterprise, which can be attributed to improved communication and cooperation between employees, which leads to increased productivity and creativity; improving problem-solving skills, which allows one t

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Atwell, William S. "Time, Money, and the Weather: Ming China and the “Great Depression” of the Mid-Fifteenth Century." Journal of Asian Studies 61, no. 1 (2002): 83–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700190.

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During the fifteenth century, especially during its middle decades, “almost all parts of the then-known world [i.e., Europe, the Middle East, and the economically advanced regions of Asia] experienced a deep recession. By then, the ‘state of the world’ was at a much lower level than it had reached in the early fourteenth century. During the depression of the fifteenth century, the absolute level of inter-societal trade dropped, currencies were universally debased (a sure sign of decreased wealth and overall productivity), and the arts and crafts were degraded” (Abu-Lughod 1993, 85; see also Lo

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Hawkes, Kristen. "Cognitive consequences of our grandmothering life history: cultural learning begins in infancy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1803 (2020): 20190501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0501.

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Postmenopausal longevity distinguishes humans from our closest living evolutionary cousins, the great apes, and may have evolved in our lineage when the economic productivity of grandmothers allowed mothers to wean earlier and overlap dependents. Since increased longevity retards development and expands brain size across the mammals, this hypothesis links our slower developing, bigger brains to ancestral grandmothering. If foraging interdependence favoured postmenopausal longevity because grandmothers' subsidies reduced weaning ages, then ancestral infants lost full maternal engagement while t

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Sadigov, A. "Productivity of Certain Varieties of Apples and Importance of Their Gene Formation." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 9 (2024): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/106/16.

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Due to the diversity of its natural and historical conditions, Azerbaijan is one of the centers of the initial formation of many plants, having a great genetic richness of the plant world. A large number of valuable varieties and forms of food and agricultural plants have been created through folk selection and scientific selection, with the history of agriculture covering several millennia. However, massive and anthropogenic disturbances of all these natural and cultural heritage ecosystems, which are the irreplaceable wealth of the people, created a large number of valuable varieties and for

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GJOKUTAJ, Eduart. "Albania: The impact of economic and fiscal policy in the agricultural sector." Economicus 20, no. 1 (2021): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/lqik6104.

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The development of the agricultural and rural sector is and has been throughout the history of the Albanian governments of importance for the economy, employment, but also wellbeing for Albania, given that this large sector currently contributes 18.4% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product and in the labor, market has a share of 36.1% of total employees. Investments in technology and innovative cultivation methods have significantly improved productivity rates over the 30-year period, as well as added value per worker. Growing exports, mainly to the European Union market are constantly increa

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Eduart, GJOKUTAJ MSc. "Albania: The impact of economic and fiscal policy in the agricultural sector." ECONOMICUS, no. 20 (December 17, 2021): 7–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7582251.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> The development of the agricultural and rural sector is and has been throughout the history of the Albanian governments of importance for the economy, employment, but also wellbeing for Albania, given that this large sector currently contributes 18.4% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product and in the labor, market has a share of 36.1% of total employees. Investments in technology and innovative cultivation methods have significantly improved productivity rates over the 30-year period, as well as added value per worker. Growing exports, mainly to the European Un

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Shrestha, Mamata, and Saugat Khanal. "Future prospects of precision agriculture in Nepal." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5, no. 3 (2020): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.0503023.

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Precision agriculture is a management system based on information and technology which analyses the spatial and temporal variability within the field and addresses them systematically for optimizing productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability. It is an emerging concept of agriculture that implies a precise application of inputs at the right place, at the right time, and in the right amount to minimize the production cost, to boost profitability and reduce risks. The three main elements of precision agriculture are data and information, technology, and decision support systems

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Ismil, Raihan, Madiha Baharuddin (Corresponding Author), and Siti Solehah Mohd Lutfi. "Sejarah, Perkembangan dan Revolusi Pertanian Dalam Tamadun Islam serta Kaitannya Dengan Zaman Moden History, Development and Revolution of Agriculture in Islamic Civilization and Their Relevance to Modern Times." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 19, no. 1 (2024): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol19no1.16.

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Islamic civilization witnessed an extraordinary agricultural revolution that played an important role in shaping the socio-economic landscape. The aim of this abstract is to provide an overview of this revolution, exploring the main drivers, impacts, and changes that occurred. This research was carried out using qualitative method. This method involves a library study which is a comprehensive literature review about the agricultural revolution in Islamic civilization and its connection with modern times. The agricultural revolution in Islamic civilization emerged during the Islamic Golden Age

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deJong-Lambert, William. "Hermann J. Muller, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Leslie Clarence Dunn, and the Reaction to Lysenkoism in the United States." Journal of Cold War Studies 15, no. 1 (2013): 78–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00309.

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This article outlines the response of three U.S. geneticists—Hermann Muller, Theodosius Dobzhansky, and Leslie Dunn—to the anti-genetics campaign launched by the Soviet agronomist Trofim Lysenko. The Cold War provided a hospitable environment for Lysenko's argument that genetics was racist, fascist science. In 1948, at a session of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lysenko succeeded in banning genetics in the USSR. The movement against genetics soon spread to Soviet-allied states around the globe. Efforts to rebut Lysenkoism were launched in the United States, Great Britain

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ALLEN, D. E. "Walking the swards: medical education and the rise and spread of the botanical field class." Archives of Natural History 27, no. 3 (2000): 335–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2000.27.3.335.

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Physic gardens expressly for teaching medical students to recognise herbs in the living state originated in northern Italy in 1543 and became a facility to which Europe's leading universities increasingly aspired. In default of one, the practice arose of taking students into the countryside instead; but that depended on there being a teacher who was also a keen field botanist. In the seventeenth century Paris, London and Edinburgh replaced Montpellier and Basle as the principal centres of this more informal approach, which eventually had one or two commercial imitators as well. When stricter q

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Basalaeva, Irina V., and Olga M. Savchenko. "MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ATROPA L. GENUS SPECIES, CULTIVATED IN THE MOSCOW REGION." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 15, no. 5 (2023): 282–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-5-938.

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Background. The application of the anatomical method of studying various forms, varieties and species will allow to determine the degree of plant adaptation to habitat conditions and to assess its ecological plasticity. Purpose. This work aim is to evaluate the species and breeding samples of the Atropa genus by a set of signs, including morphological description, shape, size and weight of leaves, the nature of the pubescence of the leaf plade epidermis, location, size and number of stomata, as well as the yield of raw materials. Results. All collection samples of the studied speci

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Wan, Yuenwah. "The Historical Transformation of Europe from the 16th to the 20th Century." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 47 (February 19, 2025): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.54097/96pfnk27.

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Since the beginning of the Great Age of Navigation in the 16th century, Europe has greatly promoted the course of history. As Columbus discovered the New World, new agricultural products made Europe more able to expand its empire. For example, potatoes, which were easy to grow, easy to preserve, and easy to carry, allowed European armies to expand more widely. The opening of new shipping routes increased the cultural exchanges in the world and also opened the prelude to vigorous geographical discovery. Since the Industrial Revolution in Britain, the world has been completely changed, and civil

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Jackson, Jeremy B. C. "The future of the oceans past." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1558 (2010): 3765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0278.

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Major macroevolutionary events in the history of the oceans are linked to changes in oceanographic conditions and environments on regional to global scales. Even small changes in climate and productivity, such as those that occurred after the rise of the Isthmus of Panama, caused major changes in Caribbean coastal ecosystems and mass extinctions of major taxa. In contrast, massive influxes of carbon at the end of the Palaeocene caused intense global warming, ocean acidification, mass extinction throughout the deep sea and the worldwide disappearance of coral reefs. Today, overfishing, pollutio

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Sharpe, Pamela. "The Women's Harvest: Straw-Plaiting and the Representation of Labouring Women's Employment, c. 1793–1885." Rural History 5, no. 2 (1994): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300000637.

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Increasing attention has recently been given by historians to the many informal ways in which women made economic contributions to rural labouring households in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Both Jane Humphries and Peter King have shown how important the exploitation of common rights, by gleaning for example, could be to the family economy. This is not to overlook the fact that certain types of women's and children's employment, such as lace-making and straw-plaiting were formally established in some rural communities. The research which has been carried out into straw-plaiting the

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Steiner, Philippe. "Wealth and Power: Quesnay's Political Economy of the “Agricultural Kingdom”." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 24, no. 1 (2002): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710120115846.

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The Physiocrats “New Science” of Political Economy is often represented as unrelated to the pursuit of national power. A recent study (Fourquet 1989), which rests on the approaches of Fernand Braudel (1979) and Immanuel Wallerstein (1980), has radicalized the thesis already propounded by Edmond Silberner (1939) who claimed that Quesnay was profoundly ignorant of military matters and failed to understand the power struggles being played out on the seas and in the colonies. Did not Quesnay propose turning back to an agricultural economy, banishing industry, trade, and the navy—in short, all the

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