Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agricultural pests

Academic literature on the topic 'Agricultural pests'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Agricultural pests"

1

Martin, Andrew. "Molluscs as Agricultural Pests." Outlook on Agriculture 20, no. 3 (September 1991): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709102000307.

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Hoy, Marjorie A., W. O. C. Symondson, and J. E. Liddell. "The Ecology of Agricultural Pests." Florida Entomologist 80, no. 2 (June 1997): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3495566.

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Skendžić, Sandra, Monika Zovko, Ivana Pajač Živković, Vinko Lešić, and Darija Lemić. "The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Insect Pests." Insects 12, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050440.

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Climate change and global warming are of great concern to agriculture worldwide and are among the most discussed issues in today’s society. Climate parameters such as increased temperatures, rising atmospheric CO2 levels, and changing precipitation patterns have significant impacts on agricultural production and on agricultural insect pests. Changes in climate can affect insect pests in several ways. They can result in an expansion of their geographic distribution, increased survival during overwintering, increased number of generations, altered synchrony between plants and pests, altered interspecific interaction, increased risk of invasion by migratory pests, increased incidence of insect-transmitted plant diseases, and reduced effectiveness of biological control, especially natural enemies. As a result, there is a serious risk of crop economic losses, as well as a challenge to human food security. As a major driver of pest population dynamics, climate change will require adaptive management strategies to deal with the changing status of pests. Several priorities can be identified for future research on the effects of climatic changes on agricultural insect pests. These include modified integrated pest management tactics, monitoring climate and pest populations, and the use of modelling prediction tools.
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T, Chethan, Sreejith Vakayil, Vijay R, Nandini S N, Arshad Khayum, Chaitra K, Chethan Kumar K B, and C. Venkatesh. "From Pollinators to Pests: The Dual Roles of Insects in Shaping Agricultural Landscapes." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 7 (July 2, 2024): 647–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72178.

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Insects play a pivotal role in agriculture, acting both as beneficial pollinators and as destructive pests. Pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and other insects, are essential for the successful reproduction of many crops, enhancing biodiversity and contributing significantly to global food production. Conversely, insect pests pose substantial threats to agricultural productivity by damaging crops, leading to economic losses and increased reliance on chemical pesticides. This duality underscores the complex interplay between insects and agricultural systems, necessitating integrated pest management strategies that balance the promotion of pollinators and the control of pests. Understanding and managing these dual roles are crucial for sustainable agricultural practices, ensuring food security while maintaining ecological balance.
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Rausser, Gordon C. "Predatory Versus Productive Government: The Case of U.S. Agricultural Policies." Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.3.133.

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This essay will argue that agricultural policy in the United States has led to both the enhancement of efficiency through “productive policies” and the transfer of wealth and income to special interests through redistributive or “predatory policies.” These two activities can be labeled as PESTs and PERTs. PEST policies, or political-economic-seeking transfers, are meant to redistribute wealth from one social group to another and are not explicitly concerned with efficiency. In contrast, PERTs, or political-economic resource transactions, are intended to correct market failures or to provide public goods; these policies have neutral distributional effects, at least in design. A review of the history of public policy in agriculture reveals not only tension between the PERT and PEST roles of the public sector, but also some coordination between these two types of activities. As different interest groups pressure the political process, the government trades off PESTs and PERTs in its attempts to acquire, balance, and secure political power. At times this has led to combinations of programs that appear incoherent. In such a world, the challenge for economists is to design and advocate policies that are both economically productive and politically sustainable.
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Tiwari, Awanindra Kumar. "Insect Pests in Agriculture Identifying and Overcoming Challenges through IPM." Archives of Current Research International 24, no. 3 (March 5, 2024): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i3651.

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Insect pests pose significant challenges to agricultural production worldwide, threatening food security and economic stability. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a comprehensive approach to address these challenges sustainably. This abstract explores the principles and strategies of IPM, emphasizing its focus on minimizing environmental impacts and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Through biological control, cultural practices, mechanical control, and selective pesticide use, IPM aims to manage pest populations effectively while promoting biodiversity and long-term agricultural sustainability. By implementing IPM strategies, farmers can mitigate the impact of insect pests while fostering resilient and productive agricultural systems. Insect pests pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity worldwide. They can devastate crops, leading to substantial economic losses and threatening food security. Identifying and managing these pests effectively is crucial for sustainable agriculture. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a comprehensive approach to address insect pest challenges while minimizing environmental impacts and reliance on chemical pesticides. Insect pests represent a persistent threat to agricultural productivity and food security globally. This abstract delves into the principles and practices of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as a sustainable approach to address these challenges. IPM integrates various strategies, including biological control, cultural practices, mechanical control, and selective pesticide use, to manage pest populations effectively while minimizing environmental harm. By emphasizing monitoring, threshold levels, and selective interventions, IPM promotes the judicious use of pesticides and fosters ecosystem resilience. The abstract underscores the importance of IPM in promoting biodiversity, reducing chemical inputs, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems. Through the adoption of IPM principles, farmers can mitigate the impacts of insect pests while advancing environmentally conscious and economically viable agricultural practices.
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Rodingpuia, Christopher, and H. Lalthanzara. "An insight into black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon): A glimpse on globally important crop pest." Science Vision 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.21.02.02.

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Many agricultural pests create problems for farmers leading to production loss. Since agriculture plays an important role in the economy of a nation, controlling and management of such pests is of great importance. Cutworms are notorious agricultural pests infesting a wide variety of crops leading to production loss. Cutworms are distributed worldwide and many species of cutworms have also been reported feeding on all kinds of crops. Agrotis ipsilon is one of the most common cutworm species prevailing in different continents. Understanding the biology and management of these pests will be of great use for farmers. In this article, brief information on cutworms; specifically A. ipsilon species is highlighted. A brief description of host, migration, control and management of A. ipsilon are also highlighted.
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Bhagat, Deepa. "(Invited) Sensors for Agricultural Pests Management." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-01, no. 57 (May 30, 2021): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-01571536mtgabs.

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Susanti, Roza, Riko Nofendra, Zaini Zaini, Muhammad Syaiful Amri Bin Suhaimi, and Muhammad Ilhamdi Rusydi. "The Use of Artificial Neural Networks in Agricultural Plants." Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology 2, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajeeet.v2i2.32.

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Artificial Neural Networks use high-performance computing and big data technology, opportunities for science to create new opportunities in agriculture. The purpose of writing this article is to analyze the use of artificial neural networks on (a) plant diseases based on plant leaf diseases, (b) plant pests, (c) growth or quality, and (d) agricultural products. The writing method used is a literature study of the research that has been done. The keywords used in the search for references include ANN, plant, diseases, pests, growth or quality, and agricultural products. Publishers for the reference in this article are ScienceDirect and IEEE. The years of publication of the references are restricted from 2015 to 2022. Based on the literature study results, it was concluded that Artificial Neural Networks' deep learning models are accurate for detecting and classifying leaf diseases and pests, detecting growth, and application to agricultural plant products.
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CASTONGUAY, STÉPHANE. "Creating an Agricultural World Order: Regional Plant Protection Problems and International Phytopathology, 1878–1939." Agricultural History 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-84.1.46.

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Abstract Beginning in 1878 with the International Phylloxera Convention of Berne, international conventions have sought to relieve national agricultural industries from two specific burdens. First, by defining phytosanitary practices to be enforced by national plant protection services, these conventions attempted to prevent the introduction of plant diseases and pests into national territories from which they were previously absent. Second, by standardizing these practices—especially through the design of a unique certificate of inspection—the conventions attempted to eliminate barriers such as quarantines affecting international agricultural trade. The succession of phytopathological conventions seemed to epitomize the coalescence of an international community against agricultural pests. What actually coalesced was bio-geopolitics wherein plant pathologists and economic entomologists from North America and the British Empire questioned the so-called internationality of the environmental and economic specificities of continental European agriculture, embodied in "international" conventions. Although an international phenomenon, the dissemination of agricultural pests provided opportunities for cooperation on a strictly regional albeit transnational basis that pitted bio-geopolitical spaces against each other. This article retraces the formation of these spaces by analyzing the deliberations of committees and congresses that gathered to define an international agricultural order based on the means to prevent the spread of plant disease and pests.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agricultural pests"

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Ramasodi, Robert Mooketsa. "Pest risk analysis on hand luggage at OR Tambo International Airport a case study of flights from Cameroon, India and Kenya /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02112009-104221.

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Bolton, Michael. "Genetic control methods for agricultural insect pests of global importance." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/63943/.

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Insect pests of agricultural significance pose substantial risks for food security in an ever-growing global population. Conventional control measures used against these pests have had varying degrees of success and examples of pesticide resistance and offtarget effects of pesticides highlight the urgent need for the development of new, environmentally benign control methods. Deployment of ‘self-limiting’ insects is a species-specific approach that can be used to combat many species, including two major agricultural insect pests, the Medfly, Ceratitis capitata, and the Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella. In this thesis, I used transgenic ‘self-limiting’ strains of medfly and DBM to stress-test self-limiting technology in laboratory and field scenarios. In Chapter 2, I tested the effect of larval diet composition on the penetrance of a female-specific self-limiting system in the OX3864A strain of medfly under simulated control conditions. In Chapter 3 I investigated the potential for resistance to selflimiting systems, using artificial selection for survival under a low dose of the transgene antidote, in the OX3864A medfly strain. In Chapter 4 I used the OX4319L self-limiting strain of DBM and showed that its responses to an artificial pheromone source in wind tunnel flight trials were comparable to the wild type. I also described the field dispersal characteristics of a long-term, laboratory-reared wildtype DBM strain in a mark-release-recapture trial. In Chapter 5 I demonstrated that the OX4319L DBM strain had comparable field longevity, but reduced mating competitiveness, in comparison to a wild-caught DBM strain. Finally, in Chapter 6, I discuss the broader context and address the practicalities, regulatory controls and implications of transgenic technologies for insect pest control under open field conditions.
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Netshifhefhe, Shandukani Rudolf. "The compilation of indigenous knowledge regarding insect pests in small-scale farming communities in North Eastern South Africa." Pretoria: [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06302005-113354.

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Cameron, Emilie C. "Fruit Fly Pests of Northwestern Australia." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1711.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD),
Until recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.
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Cameron, Emilie C. "Fruit Fly Pests of Northwestern Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1711.

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Until recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.
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Szabo, James. "Mapping and simulation of pests and disease within an enclosed agricultural environment /." Leeds : University of Leeds, School of Computer Studies, 2008. http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/fyproj/reports/0708/Szabo.pdf.

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Whitfield, E. Charles. "Floral derived compounds as attractants for agricultural pests in the family Noctuidae." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2014. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/18145/.

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Many species of moths within the family Noctuidae are significant agricultural pests. Specific floral volatiles are attractive to both male and female Noctuidae and may be used to as attractants in crop protection. For the first time the following research compares two types of floral volatile blends - those that mimic natural floral odours and those that are artifical odour blends ('super-blends'). In wind tunnel bioassays and field trials in two diverse geographic locations (Argentina and the United Kingdom) a range of noctuid moth species that are considered crop pests were found to be attracted to both types of the floral odour blends. However, a 'super-blend' containing phenylacetaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, linalool, and limonene (in a 10 : 4 : 2 : 2 : 1 ratio) was found to be the most effective general attractant across the following species: Helicoverpa armigera and gelotopoeon, Heliothis zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Autographa gamma suggesting that these compounds are universal cues to this family of moths when searching for flowers. Further behavioural bioassays found that the physiological state of the insect had an important effect on its behavioural response to the floral odour super-blend. Bioassays carried out on H. armigera revealed that gravid insects were significantly less likely compared to virgin insects to make contact with an odour blend baited lure. In addition, insects provided with sucrose solution were significantly less likely to make contact with the odour source compared to starved insects or insects only provided with water. This is the first time this affect has been seen in this species and may have important implications for using these types of floral odours for crop protection. Investigations into the most effective trap for capturing Noctuidae found that a homemade bucket and water trap or funnel and sleeve traps were significantly more effective than UniTraps or sticky traps. During the field trials large numbers of nontarget insects were also captured, including beneficial insects and pest species. By using green coloured traps captures of beneficial hymenoptera (Syrphidae and Apoidea) were significantly reduced. Taken together, the current findings provide insights into how Noctuid moths interact with host odour cues and how they may be used in developing pest management techniques.
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Gregory, Matthew William. "The genetic control of agricultural pests (Plutella xylostella, L. and Tribolium castaneum, Herbst)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9c8c9251-2137-435e-ba61-e9f2cd84a2d9.

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The interaction between an increasing global human population and a number of important long-term trends and issues are putting strain on food production. Insects represent a significant food security concern causing up to 15% of global crop losses. Conventional chemical methods are ineffective; inducing resistance and degrading the environment. Sustainable alternatives are sought. The sterile insect technique provides a sustainable solution. Genetic engineering can augment this historic technique by replacing radiation-induced sterilization with sperm-specific nuclease expression to introduce double-stranded DNA breaks in the gametes of mass-reared and released males. This paternal-effect system is dependent on elucidation of appropriate sperm-specific promoters and suitable chaperone-nuclease combinations. This thesis develops this technology in the SIT neglected insect orders, the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Specifically the Plutella xylostella (Plutella xylostella, L.) and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum, Herbst). I provide the foundations for a paternal-effect genetic-control-system in both species by developing a conditional sperm-specific expression system in Plutella xylostella and a female-specific expression system in Tribolium. Mass-rearing insects for the genetic control of a species can be augmented by recent developments in RNAi. I show that the sex ratio of Tribolium can be adjusted by treatment with dsRNA transformer, producing pseudomales as an additional bonus. In addition, an exploratory data analysis of producing transgenic lines in insects using piggyBac was undertaken. As well as providing a comprehensive compendium and assessment of the transgenic literature, something not yet published elsewhere, a predictive model was produced that could be very useful to a wide diversity of researchers in insect molecular biology, developmental biology, disease biology and genetics. It is hoped that this work will contribute towards the effective control of the Plutella xylostella in the near term, and form a model for the sustainable control of other lepidopteran and coleopteran species through genetic pest management.
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Dean, Rebecca M. "People, pests, and prey: The emergence of agricultural economies in the desert Southwest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290000.

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Recent excavations at large Early Agricultural Period village sites in Tucson, Arizona have greatly increased archaeological knowledge about the introduction of agriculture into the U.S. Southwest. The sites of Los Pozos (AZ AA:12:91 [ASM]), Las Capas (AZ AA:12:111 [ASM]), and AZ AA:12:92 (ASM) yielded very large faunal assemblages dating to the Middle Archaic, San Pedro, Early Cienega, and Late Cienega phases, spanning the introduction of Mesoamerican domesticates. This dissertation compares the fauna from these sites to a large database of published faunal material from sites dating to the Middle Archaic through Classic Hohokam periods in southern Arizona. Faunal assemblages provide an important body of data on the social and economic changes that occurred before, during, and after the introduction of agriculture into this region. Farming societies developed within the context of small animal dominated hunting economies, with a strong focus on cottontail rabbits ( Sylvilagus sp.) and jackrabbits (Lepus sp.) as the protein staple. Intensification of agricultural and hunting strategies throughout the Hohokam sequence is reflected in the impact that growing human populations had on the environment surrounding their villages and fields, which can be seen through changes in the relative proportions and ubiquity of small animals, especially rodents. Hunting intensification mirrors these changes, with significant increases in diet breadth occurring before the introduction of agriculture and during the Sedentary and Classic periods, corresponding with the highest prehistoric populations. Increases in diet breadth can be seen in the use of low-ranked taxa, such as fish and birds, and also in the willingness of hunters to travel greater distances in the search of large game, especially deer (Odocoileus sp.) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) from upland environments. Large village sites from the Early Agricultural Period suggest that fully agricultural communities developed very early on the floodplains of southern Arizona. Although these societies emerged out of intensive Middle Archaic hunting adaptations, it is not until the Sedentary and Classic periods that the faunal evidence points to any further increase in site-use intensity and diet breadth, suggesting that even these large early villages had economic and landscape-use patterns similar to Middle Archaic foragers.
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Åsman, Karolina. "Vegetational diversity as a strategy for reducing pest oviposition in field vegetables /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5813-7.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Agricultural pests"

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D, Loxdale Hugh, and Den Hollander J, eds. Electrophoretic studies on agricultural pests. Oxford: Published for the Systematics Association by Clarendon Press, 1989.

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Crull, Anna W. Biological control of agricultural pests. Norwalk, Conn., U.S.A: Business Communications Co., 1989.

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C.A.B. International. Bureau of Crop Protection. Review of agricultural entomology. Wallingford, Oxon., UK: C.A.B. International Information Services, 1990.

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Makundi, R. H. Management of selected crop pests in Tanzania: Pest management centre. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Tanzania Pub. House, 2006.

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Peña, J. E., ed. Potential invasive pests of agricultural crops. Wallingford: CABI, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845938291.0000.

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Peña, Jorge E. Potential invasive pests of agricultural crops. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CAB International, 2012.

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C, Symondson W. O., Liddell J. Eryl, and Systematics Association, eds. The ecology of agricultural pests: Biochemical approaches. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey: Detecting plant pests and weeds nationwide. [United States]: USDA APHIS, 2005.

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M, Barker G., ed. Molluscs as crop pests. Wallingford, UK: CABI Pub., 2002.

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Council for Agricultural Science and Technology., ed. Pests of plants and animals: Their introduction and spread. Ames, Iowa: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agricultural pests"

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Hunsigi, Gururaj. "Weeds, Pests and Diseases." In Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 144–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78133-9_8.

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Gurr, Geoff M., David J. Perović, and Kristian Le Mottee. "Pests, Predators and Parasitoids." In Routledge Handbook of Agricultural Biodiversity, 99–111. New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781317753285-7.

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Roush, Richard T. "Resistance management for agricultural pests." In Entomopathogenic Bacteria: from Laboratory to Field Application, 399–417. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1429-7_22.

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Rajabpour, Ali, and Fatemeh Yarahmadi. "Population Components of Pests." In Decision System in Agricultural Pest Management, 7–36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1506-0_2.

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Butt, Tariq M. "Use of Entomogenous Fungi for the Control of Insect Pests." In Agricultural Applications, 111–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03059-2_7.

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Taylor, Bryony, Henri Edouard Zefack Tonnang, Tim Beale, William Holland, MaryLucy Oronje, Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, David Onyango, et al. "Leveraging Data, Models & Farming Innovation to Prevent, Prepare for & Manage Pest Incursions: Delivering a Pest Risk Service for Low-Income Countries." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 439–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_23.

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AbstractGlobally, pests (invertebrates, vertebrates, pathogens, weeds) can cause estimated annual losses of between 20% and 40%, but higher losses are disproportionately experienced by many low-income countries, as agriculture is the mainstay of the majority of the people and of national economies. Pests pose a major barrier to these countries’ ability to meet the aims of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG2, “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.” However, solutions, in the form of pest risk alert systems, coupled with major advances in technology, are now providing opportunities to overcome this barrier in low-income countries. In this paper, we review these systems and the advances in data availability, management and modeling and communication technology and illustrate how these can provide new and novel solutions for the development of agricultural pest and disease early warning and risk-mapping systems and contribute to improved food systems in low-income countries. In conclusion, we identify key areas for the UNFSS that will help guide governments in engaging with these developments.
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Peck, Stewart B., Carol C. Mapes, Netta Dorchin, John B. Heppner, Eileen A. Buss, Gustavo Moya-Raygoza, Marjorie A. Hoy, et al. "Grasshoppers and Locusts as Agricultural Pests." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1690–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1167.

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Vincent, Charles, and Gilles Boiteau. "Pneumatic Control of Agricultural Insect Pests." In Physical Control Methods in Plant Protection, 270–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04584-8_19.

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Sarwar, Muhammad. "Biopesticide Weapons Against Agricultural Mite Pests." In Biopesticides in Organic Farming, 323–30. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003027690-68.

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Ali, Mohsin, Ali Raza, Habib Ali, Aamir Riaz, Muhamamd Arshad, Yasir Ali, Muhammad Saleem, Saba, Ammara Riaz, and Muhammad Akmal. "Climate Change and Agricultural Insect Pests." In Climate Change and Insect Biodiversity, 208–20. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003382089-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agricultural pests"

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Prathima, K., Rakshith G. Kanchan, Sahana Arekal, A. N. Shalini, and Geetishree Mishra. "Agricultural Pests and Disease Detection." In 2021 International Conference on Forensics, Analytics, Big Data, Security (FABS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fabs52071.2021.9702562.

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Chenikalova, E. V., and V. A. Kolomytseva. "BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE COTTON MOTH UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF WARMING CLIMATE." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-44.

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The cotton bollworm is one of the most important polyphagous pests of agricultural crops with a wide range and food connections. The increase in the number of the pest, the development of additional facultative generations, the expansion of its range to the north to the forest-steppe zone of Russia, as well as the rise to the Caucasus mountains, occurring in the current period, is due to climate warming and a number of agro-ecological reasons. Measures are proposed to regulate the number of pests, aimed at preserving the biotic and floristic diversity of agricultural landscapes.
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Palei, Shantilata, Rakesh Kumar Lenka, Swoyam Siddharth Nayak, Rohan Mohanty, Biswajit Jena, and Sanjay Saxena. "Precision Agriculture: ML and DL-Based Detection and Classification of Agricultural Pests." In 2023 2nd International Conference on Ambient Intelligence in Health Care (ICAIHC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaihc59020.2023.10431427.

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Feng, Hongqiang. "New techniques for monitoring agricultural pests in China." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.106044.

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Melikuziyev, Sarvar, Shukrullo Mirnigmatov, Albina Elmuratova, Zaytuna Ibragimova, Sherali Juraev, and Kozim Kurbanov. "New technology for protecting agricultural products from pests." In 2021 ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089504.

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Gevorkyan, I. S. "APPLICATION OF THE IONIZING RADIATION IN THE PEST CONTROL." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-67.

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The article briefly discusses the available and existing methods of control of insects-pests of grain reserves and food products. The author concludes about the preferences of the grain reserves irradiation by ionizing radiation. The author points out that to actual date, have been experimentally determined such doses of ionizing radiation, which sterilize or kill the most common insect pests. However, the data obtained are still not enough to organize a wide and comprehensive application of ionizing radiation in pest control. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further in-depth and comprehensive experimental studies of the sensitivity of all types of insect pests to ionizing radiation in order to justify the optimal conditions and modes of irradiation of agricultural and food products. Accumulation of experimental material will allow to study more deeply the reasons and mechanisms of infringement of vital functions of an organism of insects-wreckers under the influence of ionizing radiation, and, thereby, to provide successful fight against these wreckers of stocks.
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Sitnic, Veaceslav, and Natalia Caraman. "Particularitățile ecologice ale rozătoarelor (Rodentia) – dăunători ai culturilor agricole." In Scientific International Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Perspectives". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/ppap2023.13.

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Ecological specificities of Rodents (Rodentia) – pests of agricultural crops. The aim of the paper is to elucidate the ecological features and factors that limit the population of rodent species that are pests of agricultural crops and to develop measures to predict the increase in their population. A very important condition for the manifestation of the reproductive potential of rodents in the agrocenosis is the capacity of agricultural crops during the vegetation period and winter refuge. Damage prevention is possible only by correctly determining the harmfulness threshold.
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Fitishin, K. R. "TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT: FROM OBSOLETE MODELS TO SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT SYSTEMS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. ООО «ДГТУ-Принт» Адрес полиграфического предприятия: 344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина,1., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2024.437-441.

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In the 21st century, agriculture is different from what it was before, as agricultural technology is being transformed and progress does not stand still. Farmers moved from manual labor to machine labor. For example, in the world of agricultural technology and machinery, there are various machines for harvesting crops, cultivating fields, etc., for example, a combine harvester for harvesting wheat and other crops, a machine for harvesting fruits and vegetables, various tractors for cultivating soil, and machines and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to control weeds and pests that plague farmers. The article provides an overview and comparison of new and old agricultural technologies and prospects for their further development.
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Mota, Gabriel Sávio de Lima, Leandro H. F. P. Silva, Larissa Ferreira Rodrigues Moreira, and João Fernando Mari. "Classifying pests in crop images using deep learning." In Workshop de Visão Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wvc.2023.27530.

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Pest control is essential for agricultural success, and rapid and accurate pest identification through computer vision and machine learning enables effective pest management. This paper proposes an approach to evaluate nine customizations of the IP102 dataset. Considering the extensive range of sub-datasets, a comparative analysis was conducted between different deep learning models, including ResNet and AlexNet Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and Vision Transform (ViT). We carried out tests considering training from scratch and fine-tuning. Our experimental results demonstrate that ViT outperforms CNN models for the problem investigated and benefits significantly from data augmentation strategies. Our study provides valuable insights for efficient pest classification, paving the way for future research and advancements in precision agriculture.
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Gorban, Victor, Vasile Voineac, and Valentina Maievschi. "Elemente tehnologice de utilizare a capcanelor cu lumină pentru monitorizarea şi combaterea insectelor dăunătoare." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.21.

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Low efficiency of plant protection means is explained by the lack of a centralized forecasting system for the terms to carry out protective measures, lack of modern methods of obtaining primary data for making up reliable short-term forecasts for the development and spread of pests in agricultural agrocenoses. During last years investigations cowering the elaboration of new systems of integrated plant protection became more active by utilization biorational means of plant protection, and electro optic installations. A great attention is accords to elaboration and selection of sources- attractants and new electro optic structures whice must show a high attractively due to a specific irradiation spectrum and, thus, provide a maximum trapping of harmful insects. Application of the light traps is a more perfect method for phenology investigation of many important, in an economic aspect plant pest, and results of insects gathering can by used for elaboration short-term prognoses of insect pests development for rendering more precise the terms for craning out of protection measures. Further the light traps for insect can be used as an independent mean for plant pest combating. In combination with other methods to combat the use of light traps significantly reduces the number of flying pests, and thus caused them harm.
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Reports on the topic "Agricultural pests"

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Kistner-Thomas, Erica. Potential Geographical Range & Abundance of the Invasive Brown Marmorted Stink Bug under Climate Change Scenarios. USDA Midwest Climate Hub, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947063.ch.

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Climate change is predicted to exacerbate agricultural losses from crop pests and pathogens by 1) expanding their geographic ranges, 2) reducing winter die-offs, and 3) increasing the number of generations produced per year. For example, numerous crop pests and pathogens have expanded their range northward since the 1960s due, in part, to warming annual temperatures.
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Walsh, Margaret, Peter Backlund, Lawrence Buja, Arthur DeGaetano, Rachel Melnick, Linda Prokopy, Eugene Takle, Dennis Todey, and Lewis Ziska. Climate Indicators for Agriculture. United States. Department of Agriculture. Climate Change Program Office, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7201760.ch.

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The Climate Indicators for Agriculture report presents 20 indicators of climate change, carefully selected across multiple agricultural production types and food system elements in the United States. Together, they represent an overall view of how climate change is influencing U.S. agriculture and food systems. Individually, they provide useful information to support management decisions for a variety of crop and livestock production systems. The report includes multiple categories of indicators, including physical indicators (e.g., temperature, precipitation), crop and livestock (e.g., animal heat stress), biological indicators (e.g., pests), phenological indicators (e.g. seasonality), and socioeconomic indicators (e.g., total factor productivity).
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Morin, S., L. L. Walling, Peter W. Atkinson, J. Li, and B. E. Tabashnik. ets for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene drive in Bemisia tabaci. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134170.bard.

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The goal of our BARD proposal was to build both the necessary infrastructure and knowledge for using the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene drive system to control the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Our research focused on achieving three main goals: (1) establishing a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system for producing genetically-edited B. tabaci; (2) generating and testing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutations targeting genes that represent two gene drive strategies: population replacement and population suppression; (3) using computer modeling to optimize strategies for applying CRISPR/Cas9 to control B. tabaci populations in the field. CRISPR gene drive is one of the most promising strategies for diminishing the negative impacts of harmful insects. This technique can introduce mutations into wild populations of pests that reduce their ability to cause damage, reduce their population size, or both. In principle, this can be selfsustaining because mutations carried by relatively few insects can increase in frequency and spread quickly throughout wild populations. Because of this sustainability and the potential benefits to society, agricultural gene-drive systems are most likely to be funded by government agencies, foundations, and grower associations; as with sterile insect releases and most biocontrol programs. Although gene drives have received intensive study in Drosophila and mosquito vectors of human disease, we were one of the first teams pursuing this approach for crop pests. Our project was also one of the first to address CRISPR gene drive in the Hemiptera, an insect order that includes hundreds of pest species. We focused on developing and implementing CRISPR gene drive to reduce the massive damage caused by B. tabaci. This haplodiploid insect is one of the world's most devastating crop pests. Whereas extensive work by others explored CRISPR in diploid species, our project pioneered application of this revolutionary technology to haplodiploids, which have a distinct system of inheritance that presents special challenges and opportunities. Our project has achieved several breakthroughs, including publication of the first paper analyzing CRISPR gene drive in haplodiploids (Li et al. 2020, see next section). Our modeling results from this landmark study demonstrate that CRISPR gene drive can work in haplodiploids, especially if fitness costs associated with the driver allele are low or nil. Our paper was the first to provide a conceptual framework for evaluating and optimizing CRISPR gene drive strategies for managing B. tabaci and other haplodiploid pests. Our breakthroughs in the laboratory have created the infrastructure needed to develop CRISPR for controlling B. tabaci. We established a microinjection system enabling us to introduce CRISPR-derived mutations into B. tabaci embryos. We have used this system to generate and track inherited eye-color mutants of B. tabaci. We have identified and cloned germline promoters, and demonstrated their function in transgenic B. tabaci embryos and other hemipteran insects. We have also developed a tool to easily identify B. tabaci harboring CRISPR-mediated mutations by tagging target genes using a transgenic fluorescent marker. The successful completion of our project provides all the knowledge and infrastructure essential for developing a novel genetic approach for B. tabaci control, which can serve as a non-chemical "green" alternative for managing this global pest. We predict that our discoveries will accelerate the development of the CRISPR gene drive technique for reducing the numbers of this pest and the damage it causes. Still, realization of the benefits of gene-drive technology for pest control will require sustained attention to potential environmental and societal impacts, as well as regulatory and implementation challenges. Given the great promise of this technology and the urgent need for better control methods, we expect that guidance documents and regulations will be in place to allow the scientific community to safely move gene drives for pest control from the laboratory to field trials.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, and Bruce D. Hammock. Enhancement of Baculoviruses' Insecticidal Potency by Expression of Synergistic Anti-Insect Scorpion Toxins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573070.bard.

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The extensive use or non-specific, hazardous, chemical insecticides demands the development of "healthier" alternative means for pest control. Insect-specific, baculoviruses expressing anti-insect toxin genes (from mites or scorpions) demonstrated in laboratory assays and field trials enhanced insecticidal activity and provided some protection from lepidopterous larvae to agricultural plantations. To utilize recombinant baculoviruses as commercial biopesticides in row crop agriculture, further increase in their speed of kill should be achieved and the reduction in crop damage should be comparable to the levels obtained with organic insecticides (the problem). In this project we developed strategies to improve further the efficacy of recombinant baculoviruses which included: I) Synergism among baculoviruses expressing different anti-insect toxins: a) Synergism among two complementary anti-insect scorpion neurotoxins each expressed by a separate recombinant baculovirus, both regulated by the same or a different viral promoter. b) Synergism among two complementary anti-insect scorpion neurotoxins expressed by the same recombinant virus, both regulated by the same or a different viral promoter respectively. The above included two classes of pharmacologically complementary toxins: i) toxins with strictly anti-insect selectivity (excitatory and depressant); ii) toxins with preferential anti-insect activity (anti-insect alpha toxins). c) Synergism among wild type viruses, recombinant baculoviruses and chemicals (insecticides and phytochemicals) II) Identification of more potent toxins against lepidopterous pests for their expression by baculoviruses. Our approach was based on the synergistic effect displayed by the combined application of pairs of anti-insect toxins to blowfly and lepidopterous larvae that resulted in 5 fold increase in their insecticidal activity without apparent increase in their anti-mammal toxicity (toxins LqhIT2 and LqhaIT, LqhIT2 and AaIT, and LqhaIT and AaIT (1). Thus, we developed new concepts and produced a "second generation" of recombinant baculoviruses with enhanced potencies and speeds of kill comparable to classical insecticides. These achievements contribute to make these biopesticides a viable alternative to minimize the use of hazardous chemicals in pest control. Also, our project contributed new tools and model systems to advance the study of insect sodium channels.
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Needham, Glenn R., Uri Gerson, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, D. Samatero, J. Yoder, and William Bruce. Integrated Management of Tracheal Mite, Acarapis woodi, and of Varroa Mite, Varroa jacobsoni, Major Pests of Honey Bees. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573068.bard.

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Objectives: The Israeli work plan regarding HBTM included: (a) producing a better diagnostic method; (b) following infestations during the season and evaluating damage to resistant bees and, (c) controlling HBTM by conventional means under local conditions. For varroa our plans to try novel control (e.g. oil novel control (e.g. oil patties & essential oils) were initially delayed by very low pest populations, then disrupted by the emergence of fluvalinate resistance. We monitored the spread of resistance to understand it better, and analyzed an underlying biochemical resistance mechanism in varroa. The US work plan focused on novel management methods for both mites with an emphasis on reducing use of traditional insecticides due to resistance and contamination issues. Objectives were: (a) evaluating plant essential oils for varroa control; (b) exploring the vulnerability of varroa to desiccation for their management; and (c) looking for biological variation in HBTM that could explain virulence variability between colonies. Although the initial PI at the USDA Beltsville Bee Lab, W.A. Bruce, retired during the project we made significant strides especially on varroa water balance. Subcontracts were performed by Yoder (Illinois College) on varroa water balance and DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA) who evaluated plant essential oils for their potential to control varroa. We devised an IPM strategy for mite control i the U.S. Background: Mites that parasitize honey bees are a global problem. They are threatening the survival of managed and feral bees, the well-being of commercial/hobby beekeeping, and due to pollination, the future of some agricultural commodities is threatened. Specific economic consequences of these mites are that: (a) apiculture/breeder business are failing; (b) fewer colonies exist; (c) demand and cost for hive leasing are growing; (d) incidences of bee pathogens are increasing; and, (e) there are ore problems with commercial-reared bees. As a reflection of the continued significance f bee mites, a mite book is now in press (Webster & delaplane, 2000); and the 2nd International Conference on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites is scheduled (April, 2000, Arizona). The first such conference was at OSU (1987, GRN was co-organizer). The major challenge is controlling two very different mites within a colony while not adversely impacting the hive. Colony management practices vary, as do the laws dictating acaricide use. Our basic postulates were that: (a) both mites are of economic importance with moderate to high infestations but not at low rates and, (b) once established they will not be eradicated. A novel strategy was devised that deals with the pests concomitantly by maintaining populations at low levels, without unnecessary recourse to synthetic acaricides. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements: A major recent revelation is that there are several species of "Varroa jacobsoni" (Anderson & Trueman 1999). Work on control, resistance, population dynamics, and virulence awaits knowing whether this is a problem. In the U.S. there was no difference between varroa from three locales in terms of water balance parameters (AZ, MN & PA), which bodes well for our work to date. Winter varroa (U.S.) were more prone to desiccation than during other seasons. Varroa sensitivity to desiccation has important implications for improving IPM. Several botanicals showed some promise for varroa control (thymol & origanum). Unfortunately there is varroa resistance to Apistan in Israel but a resistance mechanism was detected for the first time. The Israel team also has a new method for HBTM diagnosis. Annual tracheal mite population trends in Israel were characterized, which will help in targeting treatment. Effects of HBTM on honey yields were shown. HBTM control by Amitraz was demonstrated for at least 6 months. Showing partial resistance by Buckfast bees to HBTM will be an important IPM tactic in Israel and U.S.
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Sanabria, Johana, Ginna Quiroga, Cindy Mejía, Erika Grijalba, and Martha Goméz. Effect of abiotic factors on viability and characterization of Metarhizium rileyi Nm017. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2019.18.

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The species Chloridea virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are declared agricultural pests with a high economic impact worldwide (Angulo et al. 2008). They are widely distributed on the American continent, and agrochemical are the most common method to control, which can cause environmental, social, economic and public impacts. A strain of Metarhizium rileyi Nm017 [AGROSAVIA - Orinoquia area (Col.)], demonstrated an e cacy of 75.8% on C. virescens, and 92.5% on H. zea on laboratory conditions. Mass production and virulence of Metarhizium sp. are susceptible to stress conditions such as temperature, UVB radiation and pH, a ecting conidial vigor, germination, and sporulation (Rangel et al. 2008, Oliveira et al. 2016). Likewise, the culture medium can a ect the infection processes measured through hydrophobicity and enzymatic activities (Ortiz 2013). The identi cation of these parameters allows selecting the most favorable conditions for its production and the challenges that must be assumed in downstream processes.
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Velázquez López, Noé. Working Paper PUEAA No. 7. Development of a farm robot (Voltan). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.005r.2022.

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Over the last century, agriculture has evolved from a labor-intensive industry to one that uses mechanized, high-powered production systems. The introduction of robotic technology in agriculture could be a new step towards labor productivity. By mimicking or extending human skills, robots overcome critical human limitations, including the ability to operate in harsh agricultural environments. In this context, in 2014 the development of the first agricultural robot in Mexico (“Voltan”) began at Chapingo Autonomous University. The research’s objective was to develop an autonomous multitasking vehicle for agricultural work. As a result of this development, a novel suspension system was created. In addition, autonomous navigation between crop rows was achieved through computer vision, allowing crop monitoring, fertilizer application and, in general, pest and disease control.
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Salazar, Lina, Alessandro Maffioli, Julián Aramburu, and Marcos Agurto Adrianzen. Estimating the Impacts of a Fruit Fly Eradication Program in Peru: A Geographical Regression Discontinuity Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012282.

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In this paper, we evaluate the short term impact of a Fruit Fly Eradication Program in the coastal areas of Peru. Exploiting arbitrary variation in the program's intervention borders, as well as precise geographic location data of farmer's households, we use a Geographical Regression Discontinuity (GRD) approach to identify the program's effects on agricultural outcomes. For this purpose, baseline and follow up surveys were collected for 615 households -307 treated and 308 controls- . Baseline data shows that producer and farm-level characteristics in treated and control areas are balanced. This confirms that the program's intervention borders were set only as a function of financial and logistic restrictions and independently of the pest incidence levels and/or other producer and/or farm characteristics. The results show that farmers in treated areas improved pest knowledge and are more likely to implement best practices for plague prevention and control. Beneficiary farmers also present increased fruit crops productivity and sales. The robustness of these findings is confirmed using placebo tests.
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Å ulc). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228448.

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Bactericera cockerelli, a psyllid, is a major agricultural pest affecting potatoes, tomatoes and other crops through feeding damage and transmission of the bacterial pathogen Liberibacter solanacearum, which causes zebra chip disease. This pest, originating from the Western USA, Mexico and Central America, poses a threat in its native regions and in New Zealand where it has been introduced. Given the current distribution, B. cockerelli could establish itself in Southern and Central Europe and areas with mild winters in Northern Europe. Tamarixia triozae, a parasitoid wasp, has shown promise as a biological control agent, with established populations in New Zealand achieving up to 40% parasitism rates. T. triozae prefers fourth and fifth instar nymphs of B. cockerelli and has high reproductive potential, although it requires carbohydrate sources, such as nectar for optimal reproduction. Sensitivity to insecticides and the timing of parasitism may limit its effectiveness in some scenarios. Other natural enemies, including generalist predators, could also be explored for classical biological control in regions lacking these natural predators.
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Rafaeli, Ada, and Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.

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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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