Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural management of nutrients'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Agricultural management of nutrients.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Agricultural management of nutrients.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bhattacharyya, P. N., M. P. Goswami, and L. H. Bhattacharyya. "Perspective of beneficial microbes in agriculture under changing climatic scenario: a review." Journal of Phytology 8 (May 14, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19071/jp.2016.v8.3022.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Agriculture is a complex network of interactions of plants with microorganisms. There is a growing demand for ecologically compatible environment friendly technique in agriculture that might be able to provide adequate supply of nutrients for the increasing human populations through improvement of the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Under the changing climatic scenario of global fluxes of the key biogenic greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub>, methane and nitrous oxide), and some other environmental problems, the application of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture would serve as an important alternative gateway to some of the traditional agricultural techniques. Microorganisms of agricultural importance represent key ecological strategy for integrated management practices like nutrient management, disease and pest management in order to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture as well to improve cultivar performance. The present review is intended to focus on the emergence of agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) to develop an ideal agricultural system through efficient utilization of nutrients and recycling of energy and thereby to preserve the natural ecosystem resources under climate change. The progress to date in using the beneficial microflora in a variety of applications related to agriculture along with key mechanism of action is also discussed in this review.</p>
2
Kumar, Hemendra, Puneet Srivastava, Jasmeet Lamba, Brenda V. Ortiz, Thomas R. Way, Laljeet Sangha, Bijoychandra S. Takhellambam, Guilherme Morata, and Roberto Molinari. "Within-Field Variability in Nutrients for Site-Specific Agricultural Management in Irrigated Cornfield." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 4 (2022): 865–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15042.
Full textAbstract:
HighlightsPhosphorus and nitrogen in soil and plants varied during the growing season across the cornfield.Spatial variability in nutrients caused spatial variability in plant growth and crop yield across the cornfield.Hydrological characteristics and soil hydraulic properties were responsible for spatial variability in nutrients.Need to consider spatial variability in nutrients in delineating management zones before adopting management practices.Abstract. The adoption of precision agricultural practices in Alabama has been increasing in recent years. Although challenging, understanding nutrient variability in agricultural fields is important for site-specific management. This study investigated phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) variability in an irrigated cornfield located in the Town Creek Watershed of Tennessee Valley Region of Alabama, USA during the 2019 growing season. Three different irrigation management zones (high yield-HY, moderate yield-MY, and low yield-LY) were delineated based on ten years of historical records of crop yield, soil texture, and measured topography using the Management Zone Analyst (MZA) software. The soil samples at 0 to 15 cm, 15 to 30 cm, and 30 to 60 cm depths were collected five different times during the 2019 growing season. Both manure and inorganic fertilizer were uniformly applied during the growing season. At all soil depths, HY and MY zones had higher soil nutrient concentrations than the field average nutrient concentration. However, the LY zone had below field average soil nutrient concentration in the entire soil profile. The plants (above-ground) in HY and MY zones had higher than average nutrient concentrations and the plants in the LY zone had lower than average nutrient concentrations throughout the cornfield. This site-specific nutrient variation in these zones was due to within-field terrain attributes, differences in soil properties, and surface runoff losses. A significant difference was recorded in the corn yield in the HY and LY zones of the field. Two extreme groups of nutrients were found in the cornfield similar to irrigation management zones (HY and LY). A zone with a higher yield also had higher soil and plant nutrients in the zone (HY), and a zone with a lower yield also had lower soil and plant nutrients in the zone (LY). Incorporating nutrient variability for site-specific management in management zone delineation can help with reducing nutrient application, nutrient loss, and improving yield. This study supports the adopting of precision agricultural management practices based on in-field nutrient variability. Keywords: Corn, Crop yield variability, Irrigation, Management zones, Nitrogen, Nutrient variability, Phosphorus, Site-specific management, Topographical wetness index (TWI).
3
Kopke, Ulrich, Miriam Athmann, Eusun Han, and Timo Kautz. "Optimising Cropping Techniques for Nutrient and Environmental Management in Organic Agriculture." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p15.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Depth and architecture of root systems play a prominent role in crop productivity under conditions of low water and nutrient availability. The subsoil contains high amounts of nutrients that may potentially serve for nutrient uptake by crops including finite resources such as phosphorus that have to be used in moderation to delay their exhaustion. Biopores are tubular shaped continuous soil pores formed by plant roots and earthworms. Taproot systems especially those of perennial legumes can make soil nutrients plant available from the solid phase and increase the density of vertical biopores in the subsoil thus making subsoil layers more accessible for succeeding crops. Density of larger sized biopores is further enhanced by increased abundance and activity of anecic earthworms resulting from soil rest and amount of provided feed. Nutrient rich drilospheres can provide a favorable environment for roots and nutrient uptake of subsequent crops. Future efficient nutrient management and crop rotation design in organic agriculture should entail these strategies of soil fertility building and biopore services in subsoil layers site specifically. Elements of these concepts are suggested to be used also in mainstream agriculture headlands, e.g. as ‘Ecological Focus Areas’, in order to improve soil structure as well as to establish a web of biodiversity while avoiding constraints for agricultural production.</p>
4
Havlin, John, and Ron Heiniger. "Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091349.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing crop productivity per unit of land area to meet future food and fiber demand increases both soil nutrient removal and the importance of replenishing soil fertility through efficient nutrient management practices. Significant progress in enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in production agriculture requires improved estimates of plant-available nutrients in the root zone, enhanced crop response to applied nutrients, and reduced offsite nutrient transport. This special issue, Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production, presents 15 manuscripts that advance our knowledge of interrelated soil, plant, and management factors important to increasing the nutrient availability and crop recovery of applied nutrients.
5
Dubey, Meenal, Kallely C. Shinogi, H. K. Awasthi, and M. A. Khan. "Comparing the Nutrient Management Pattern in Soybean and Rice based Cropping Systems by Soil Health Card holders and Non-holders." INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION 58, no. 3 (2022): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2022.58318.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses about the importance of Soil Health Card (SHC) based nutrient management based on a study carried out during 2017-18 on 100 SHC beneficiary farmers and 50 SHC non-beneficiary farmers of Madhya Pradesh. Significant differences between the beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers of soil health card in the nutrient use pattern in soybean and rice-based cropping systems were found. Majority of the SHC beneficiaries failed to adopt the fertilizer nutrients as per recommendation. Major reasons identified behind this negative trend were difficulty in understanding the SHC information without the help of an agricultural/ extension officer and lack of knowledge about the importance of SHC &benefits associated with adopting soil test based nutrient management. Further, the positive correlation of micro and secondary nutrients application with the yield and income from the adopters’ farm fields reaffirms the key role scientific nutrient management plays in improving agriculture based rural economies. More efforts from the promoting agencies required to convince farmers to adopt SHC based nutrient recommendation.
6
Panta, Sangam, and Dipika Parajulee. "Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) in Soil and Sustainable Agriculture." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 9, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v9i3.39275.
Full textAbstract:
The world vision of no hunger target, food security, and zero poverty followed by raising standards of living of rural people through agricultural transformation is the greatest challenges faced by the agricultural planners worldwide. Due to the alarming state of population growth and cultivable land scarcity, change in agronomic practices which could bring a significant effect on crop production and productivity is urgently needed. The concept of using different sources of plant nutrients combined to check nutrient depletion, maintain soil health, and crop productivity, called INM, has a bright solution in this area. Recently several researchers introduced that integrated use of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, green manure, and bio-fertilizers is becoming an effective practice not only for increasing crop production and productivity but also for the better crop and soil health. In addition, INM helps to increase the activity of soil microorganisms and improves the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. So, INM create an economic eco-friendly environment by reducing the dependence on inorganic chemical fertilizers and improving the soil fertility, optimizing crop yield, maximizing profitability and ultimately making the agriculture sustainable. Lastly, INM is one of the good agricultural practices which needs to be followed by every conscious individual in order to maintain soil health, nutrient balance and to make the agriculture and environment more sustainable. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(3): 160-165
7
Grant, Cynthia, Noura Ziadi, Bernard Gagnon, Don Flaten, and Jeff Schoenau. "Integrating knowledge of nutrient forms and dynamics into improved nutrient management practices: Atribute to Régis Simard." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss07095.
Full textAbstract:
Régis Simard and his colleagues developed a research program focussing on the agronomic and environmental impacts of nutrients in agricultural systems. The success of this program resulted from an integrated approach, linking assessment of nutrient availability to an understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil, and applying this understanding to development of improved management practices for a variety of nutrient sources. Research into nutrient availability conducted by Régis and his co-workers led to improvements in quantification of nutrient supply, using traditional soil analysis with batch chemical extraction as well as ionic exchange membranes (IEMs) and electro-ultrafiltration (EUF). Ion exchange membranes are now used as a tool in routine soil fertility assessments and in agronomic and environmental research to study nutrient ion release rates. Additionally, intensive analytical techniques, such as sequential extraction and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) were developed and used to characterize the forms and relative availability of soil nutrients for plant uptake or environmental effects. Characterization of nutrient pools improved understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil, allowing a more accurate assessment of the agronomic value and environmental risk of nutrients applied to agricultural systems. Building on this knowledge, Régis and his colleagues developed improved methods of utilizing manures, composts, paper mill sludge (PMS) and liming by-products, effectively diverting nutrients from the waste stream into a resource for crop production. This paper describes the contributions of Régis and his colleagues to the improvement of agronomically and environmentally sustainable nutrient management practices, based on an integrated research approach that provided a clear understanding nutrient availability and soil nutrient dynamics. Key words: Chemical extraction, integrated nutrient management, ion exchange membranes, paper mill sludge, soil phosphorus, soil potassium
8
Goulding, Keith, Steve Jarvis, and Andy Whitmore. "Optimizing nutrient management for farm systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1491 (July 25, 2007): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2177.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing the inputs of nutrients has played a major role in increasing the supply of food to a continually growing world population. However, focusing attention on the most important nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), has in some cases led to nutrient imbalances, some excess applications especially of N, inefficient use and large losses to the environment with impacts on air and water quality, biodiversity and human health. In contrast, food exports from the developing to the developed world are depleting soils of nutrients in some countries. Better management of all essential nutrients is required that delivers sustainable agriculture and maintains the necessary increases in food production while minimizing waste, economic loss and environmental impacts. More extensive production systems typified by ‘organic farming’ may prove to be sustainable. However, for most of the developed world, and in the developing world where an ever-growing population demands more food, it will be essential to increase the efficiency of nutrient use in conventional systems. Nutrient management on farms is under the control of the land manger, the most effective of whom will already use various decision supports for calculating rates of application to achieve various production targets. Increasingly, land managers will need to conform to good practice to achieve production targets and to conform to environmental targets as well.
9
Jonkman, Nicolette Tamara Regina Johanna Maria, Esmee Daniëlle Kooijman, Karsten Kalbitz, Nicky Rosa Maria Pouw, and Boris Jansen. "Women's agricultural practices and their effects on soil nutrient content in the Nyalenda urban gardens of Kisumu, Kenya." SOIL 5, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-303-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In Kisumu up to 60 % of the inhabitants practice some form of urban agriculture, with just under 50 % of the workers being female. On average, women spend more hours a day in the gardens than men. Therefore women's knowledge is pivotal for effective agricultural management. To enhance and better use women's knowledge, gender-related sociocultural obstacles linked to land ownership, investment, and farm inputs have to be taken into account. We aimed to determine how the agricultural knowledge and motivations of female farmers working in the Nyalenda urban gardens in Kisumu (Kenya) influence the soil nutrient status as reflected by the total soil C and N; available soil N and P; and exchangeable soil Na, K, Mg, and Ca. Two prevailing practices were compared to determine how the agricultural management practice influences soil nutrient content: (1) applying manure only and (2) applying manure while intercropping with cowpeas. Interviews and focus group discussions were held to explore the agricultural knowledge and motivations of the women working in Nyalenda. Soil analysis showed that the soil in Nyalenda was rich in nutrients overall but that the intercropped fields contained significantly lower total soil nutrients than fields where only manure was applied. While theoretically intercropping with a legume such as cowpeas should increase soil N content, due to socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, intercropping was applied in a way that did not increase soil nutrient contents; rather it diversified revenue. The knowledge of the female farmers was found to be limited to practical and sensory knowledge. This shows that when aiming to improve soil nutrient status and agricultural yields through agricultural training, socioeconomic conditions, cultural context, and gendered knowledge differentiation have to be acknowledged.
10
Tripathi, Pramila, and A. K. Shukla. "Advancements in Soil Nutrient Sensing for Real Time Nutrient Management based Recommendation System." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2020.v07i11.019.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid soil testing and site specific nutrient management are the keys to improve agricultural production sustainably to feed the growing global population, which is projected to cross 9 billion by the end of 2050. A number of soil nutrient sensors are being developed to meet the demand. This paper is focused on the various recent developments in the field of soil nutrient sensors and their sensitivity for particular nutrients. The incorporation of these sensors to develop agriculture decision support systems is also been discussed. It may be concluded that it is better to integrate a number of sensors (optical and electrochemical) to obtain real time data on nutrient level in soil for a particular cropping season to provide the farmers with a real time report and support. Technologies to convert the results into farmer friendly reports and databases to store the real-time data are also very much essential. The entire study is summarized to have an idea of the development in the field of soil nutrient sensors globally in order to gain insights for the sustainable agricultural production in developing countries, such as India, where cost and population are the governing factors.
11
Stenfert Kroese, Jaqueline, John N. Quinton, Suzanne R. Jacobs, Lutz Breuer, and Mariana C. Rufino. "Particulate macronutrient exports from tropical African montane catchments point to the impoverishment of agricultural soils." SOIL 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-53-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Agricultural catchments in the tropics often generate high concentrations of suspended sediments following the conversion of natural ecosystems. The eroded fine particles are generally enriched with carbon (TC) and nutrients (TN and TP) originating from the topsoil of agricultural land. Sediment-associated TC, TN and TP are an important loss to the terrestrial ecosystem and tightly connected to an increase in riverine particulate TC and nutrient export. Soil nutrient depletion can limit crop growth and yields, whereas an excess of nutrients in streams can cause eutrophication in freshwater systems. Streams in East Africa, with widespread land conversion from forests to agriculture, are expected to receive high loads of sediment-associated TC, TN and TP. In this study, we assess the effect of land use on particulate TC, TN and TP concentrations. Suspended sediments (time-integrated, manual-event-based and automatic-event-based sediment samples) were analysed for TC, TN and TP concentrations collected at the outlet of a natural montane forest (35.9), a tea-tree plantation (33.3) and a smallholder agriculture (27.2 km2) catchment in western Kenya during a wet sampling period in 2018 and a drier sampling period in 2019. Particulate TC, TN and TP concentrations were up to 3-fold higher (p<0.05) in the natural forest catchment compared to fertilized agricultural catchments. However, because of higher sediment loads from the smallholder agriculture catchment, the total sediment-associated loads of TC, TN and TP were higher compared to the natural forest and tea-tree plantation catchment. The higher C:N ratios in the natural forest suggest that the particulate nutrients are of organic origin due to tighter nutrient cycles, whereas lower ratios in both agricultural catchments suggest a mixture of mineral and organic sediment sources. The findings of this study imply that with the loss of natural forest, the inherent soil fertility is progressively lost under the current low fertilization rates and soil management strategies.
12
Tetreault, Joseph, Rachel Fogle, and Todd Guerdat. "Anaerobic Mineralization of Recirculating Aquaculture Drum Screen Effluent for Use as a Naturally-Derived Nutrient Solution in Hydroponic Cropping Systems." Conservation 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation1030013.
Full textAbstract:
Operation and effluent treatment costs are limiting factors for the success of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in meeting seafood demand in the United States. Adopting a capture-and-reuse waste management model similar to terrestrial agriculture farmers would allow RAS farmers to monetize effluent and offset production costs. The moisture content and nutrient profile of RAS effluent makes it a potential option for use as a hydroponic fertilizer. Treatment of RAS waste is needed to mineralize particulate-bound nutrients before becoming a viable hydroponic nutrient solution. Anaerobic treatment (AT), a method used by municipal and agricultural waste treatment facilities to reduce total solids, has been shown to successfully mineralize particulate-bound nutrients from RAS effluent. Continuously mixed anaerobic batch bioreactors were used to evaluate the degree to which AT may mineralize particulate-bound nutrients in solid RAS waste. Concentrations of twelve different macro- and micro-nutrients were analyzed in the waste before and after treatment. Effluent samples were analyzed to determine the fraction of each nutrient in the solid and aqueous forms. This study showed that AT is an effective method to mineralize particulate-bound nutrients in RAS effluent and the mineralization rate data may be used to design a pilot-scaled flow-through RAS effluent treatment system.
13
Granstedt, Artur. "The potential for Swedish farms to eliminate the use of artificial fertilizers." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 6, no. 3 (September 1991): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004070.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper discusses data on plant-nutrient conservation in Sweden between 1950 and 1980 and on plant-nutrient balances in conventional and alternative farming. The amounts of plant nutrients supplied in the form of artificial fertilizer in Sweden increased severalfold between 1950 and 1980. The amounts of N and P applied were four times higher than those recovered in agricultural products. This difference not only represents a loss to farmers but also a burden on the environment. This problem is a consequence of the increased separation of crop management from animal husbandry in Sweden. The flow of plant nutrients through the agroecosystem can be represented as follows: Artificial Fertilizers- > Crop Production-> Animal Husbandry- > Losses (air, water, or immobilization).This paper suggests that all farms in Sweden can operate effectively without relying on applications of highly soluble plant nutrients. By recirculating plant nutrients in manure and cultivating nitrogen-fixing species, the need for artificial fertilizers can be eliminated while minimizing nutrient losses and their associated adverse effects on the environment. Successful alternative farms provide practical examples of how a farming system can eliminate its dependence on applications of highly soluble plant nutrients by stressing effective nutrient economy and biological activity. The strategies they use include: matching animal management practices to the farm's own production of feed, thereby reducing net removal of plant nutrients per unit area (in Sweden 0.6–0.8 animal units per ha); minimizing nutrient losses through careful manure management and by using cover crops; and supplying N by nitrogen-fixing ley species, and P and K by soil weathering and by applying supplementary soil improvement materials.
14
Corbacho González, Beatriz, Roc Padró Caminal, David Soto Fernández, and Lourenzo Fernández Prieto. "Management of Soil Fertility and Agricultural Intensification in NW Iberia, 1750–1900." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article describes agricultural practices of fertilization in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula between 1750 and 1900, where a leguminous plant called gorse (Ulex Europaeus) was used as bedding for livestock in order to produce manure. During the period examined, this whole region experienced a process of agricultural intensification which resulted in a net loss of nutrients in the soil. Peasants dealt with the increasing nutrient requirements by adapting land and livestock management in order to produce more manure during the second half of the 20th century. However, this was done at the expense of nutrient reserves in extensively managed areas, all of which resulted in an unsustainable agricultural pattern. Our data also suggest that the context of nutrient scarcity could be related to changes in the migration pattern, which started to be more intense after 1850 and preferred distant destinations (America), thus switching from seasonal to permanent stays.
15
Giang, P. H., H. Harada, S. Fujii, N. P. H. Lien, H. T. Hai, P. N. Anh, and S. Tanaka. "Transition of fertilizer application and agricultural pollution loads: a case study in the Nhue-Day River basin." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 7 (June 16, 2015): 1072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.312.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid socio-economic development in suburban areas of developing countries has induced changes in agricultural waste and nutrient management, resulting in water pollution. The study aimed at estimating agricultural nutrient cycles and their contribution to the water environment. A material flow model of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was developed focusing on agricultural activities from 1980 to 2010 in Trai hamlet, an agricultural watershed in Nhue-Day River basin, Vietnam. The model focused on the change in household management of human excreta and livestock excreta, and chemical fertilizer consumption. The results showed that the proportion of nutrients from compost/manure applied to paddy fields decreased from 85 to 41% for both N and P between 1980 and 2010. The nutrient inputs derived from chemical fertilizer decreased 6% between 1980 and 2000 for both N and P. Then, these nutrients increased 1.4 times for N and 1.2 times for P from 2000 to 2010. As of 2010, the total inputs to paddy fields have amounted to 435 kg-N/ha/year and 90 kg-P/ha/year. Of these nutrient inputs, 40% of N and 65% of P were derived from chemical fertilizer. Thirty per cent (30%) of total N input was discharged to the water bodies through agricultural runoff and 47% of total P input accumulated in soil.
16
Kurz, I., H. Tunney, and C. E. Coxon. "The impact of agricultural management practices on nutrient losses to water: data on the effects of soil drainage characteristics." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 3-4 (February 1, 2005): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0577.
Full textAbstract:
Against the background of increasing nutrient concentrations in Irish water bodies, this study set out to gain information on the potential of agricultural grassland to lose nutrients to water. Overland flow, flow from artificial subsurface drains and stream flow were gauged and sampled during heavy rainfall events. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), potassium (K), total ammonia (TA), and total oxidised nitrogen (TON) were measured in water samples. When the nutrient concentrations in water were examined in relation to the grassland management practices of the study catchments it emerged that soil P levels, the application of organic and inorganic fertilisers before heavy rainfall and the presence of grazing animals could all influence nutrient concentrations in surface and subsurface drainage water. Overall, the drainage characteristics of soil were found to have a considerable influence on the potential of land to lose nutrients to water.
17
Ramos-Ulate, Carmen María, Sandra Pérez-Álvarez, Sergio Guerrero-Morales, and Abdon Palacios-Monarrez. "Biofertilization and nanotechnology in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as alternatives for a sustainable crop." Characterization and Application of Nanomaterials 5, no. 2 (October 21, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/can.v5i2.1769.
Full textAbstract:
Alfalfa is considered the most used forage crop in the world, its main use is for cattle feeding, due to its high nutritional value, specifically in protein and digestible fiber. Currently, the trend in agriculture is to reduce the application of chemicals and among them are fertilizers that pollute soil and water, so the adoption of new technologies and other not so new is becoming a good habit among farmers. Nanotechnology in the plant system allows the development of new fertilizers to improve agricultural productivity and the release of mineral nutrients in nanoforms, which has a wide variety of benefits, including the timing and direct release of nutrients, as well as synchronizing or specifying the environmental response. Biofertilizers are important components of integrated nutrient management and play a key role in soil productivity and sustainability. While protecting the environment, they are a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement chemical fertilizers in the sustainable agricultural system. Nanotechnology and biofertilization allow in a practical way the reduction in the application of chemicals, contributing to the sustainability of agriculture, so this work aims to review the relevant results on biofertilization, the use of nanotechnology and the evaluation of the nutritional composition of alfalfa when grown with the application of biofertilizers.
18
Paludan, C., F. E. Alexeyev, H. Drews, S. Fleischer, A. Fuglsang, T. Kindt, P. Kowalski, et al. "Wetland management to reduce Baltic Sea eutrophication." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0211.
Full textAbstract:
Seven regions with coastal eutrophication problems in the Baltic Sea, including the Kattegat, constitute the BERNET project (Baltic Eutrophication Regional Network). To counteract eutrophication and associated severe biological conditions the countries around this large brackish water body must all cooperate. The regions are characterized by large differences in land use, e.g. agricultural intensity, and losses of retention capacity in the catchments due to wetland reclamation. Initially it has been necessary to identify nutrient sources – especially nitrogen – and technical, economical and even administrative obstacles to initiate eutrophication management measures. Nitrogen retention in different types of wetlands in the Baltic Sea Region has been analysed. The wetlands generally have a positive effect on reduced nitrogen transport to aquatic environments and it is generally accepted that measures leading to decreased losses of nutrients to the aquatic environment must be combined with measures leading to increased retention of nutrients in catchments. Data analysed in the BERNET project show that the potential for such a measure is large. Therefore, conservation and restoration initiatives for wetlands is an essential part of the work in the BERNET project. Wetlands have been drained or totally eliminated due to intensive agriculture in some regions while large scale rehabilitation of wetlands occurs in regions with less intensive agriculture. Based on land use data from the seven regions, the working group for wetland management within the BERNET project has identified the possible use of wetlands as building blocks as a contribution to the management of the Baltic Sea eutrophication. Several recommendations are presented on the wise use of existing and constructed wetlands for water quality management in relation to non-point nutrient pollution.
19
Fasusi, Oluwaseun Adeyinka, Cristina Cruz, and Olubukola Oluranti Babalola. "Agricultural Sustainability: Microbial Biofertilizers in Rhizosphere Management." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020163.
Full textAbstract:
The world’s human population continues to increase, posing a significant challenge in ensuring food security, as soil nutrients and fertility are limited and decreasing with time. Thus, there is a need to increase agricultural productivity to meet the food demands of the growing population. A high level of dependence on chemical fertilizers as a means of increasing food production has damaged the ecological balance and human health and is becoming too expensive for many farmers to afford. The exploitation of beneficial soil microorganisms as a substitute for chemical fertilizers in the production of food is one potential solution to this conundrum. Microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, have demonstrated their ability in the formulation of biofertilizers in the agricultural sector, providing plants with nutrients required to enhance their growth, increase yield, manage abiotic and biotic stress, and prevent phytopathogens attack. Recently, beneficial soil microbes have been reported to produce some volatile organic compounds, which are beneficial to plants, and the amendment of these microbes with locally available organic materials and nanoparticles is currently used to formulate biofertilizers to increase plant productivity. This review focuses on the important role performed by beneficial soil microorganisms as a cost-effective, nontoxic, and eco-friendly approach in the management of the rhizosphere to promote plant growth and yield.
20
Kumar, Sunil, Dharam Pal, R. S. Garhwal, Anil Kumar, Ankit Gill, and Jyoti Sharma. "Efficacy of integrated nutrient management on soil properties and wheat yield." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.2/888-892.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most important aspects of agricultural production is soil fertility and nutrient management which has a direct impact on crop output and quality. However in the long run intensive cropping and chemical fertilizers harmed soil fertility and crop productivity by causing soil erosion, loss of top fertile soil, nutrient leaching, and uneven fertilizer use or little organic manure addition have resulted which caused human and animal suffering. To avoid nutrient mining and fertilizer imbalance, integrated nutrient management (INM) is a strategy for increasing agricultural productivity while also protecting the environment for future generations. It’s a method that uses both organic and inorganic plant nutrients to boost crop yield, reduce soil degradation, and satisfy future food supply demands. So INM is a vital aspect in achieving increased and long-term soil fertility and crop output. This study discusses the importance ofINM in wheat production in today’s intensive farming.
21
Sims, J. T., N. Goggin, and J. McDermott. "Nutrient management for water quality protection: integrating research into environmental policy." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 12 (June 1, 1999): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0558.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture's impacts on water quality have been the focus of basic and applied research in Delaware for more than 25 years. Research has examined nutrient cycling in soils, nutrient transport from soils to water, and the environmental consequences of ground water contamination and surface water eutrophication by nutrients. Much of the research has specifically been oriented towards the development of agricultural management practices to prevent the degradation of water quality by nutrients. Other research has focused on increasing our understanding of the chemical, physical, and biological processes that control nutrient cycling and transport and improving the monitoring techniques needed to document how changing management practices affects water quality. Agencies responsible for water quality protection have sought to integrate this research into environmental policy, but have often been frustrated by the fragmented and sometimes contradictory nature of the information provided to them. This paper reviews key advances in research on nutrient management and water quality in Delaware and discusses the obstacles faced in translating research into widely accepted management practices and environmental policies.
22
Langenfeld, Noah James, Daniel Fernandez Pinto, James E. Faust, Royal Heins, and Bruce Bugbee. "Principles of Nutrient and Water Management for Indoor Agriculture." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 10204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610204.
Full textAbstract:
Mass balance principles are a cornerstone of efficient fertilizer use and can be utilized to optimize plant nutrition without discarding or leaching solution. Here, we describe the maintenance of closed hydroponic and soilless substrate systems based on mass balance. Water removed by transpiration is restored with solution that replaces the nutrients that were taken up with the water. The concentration of nutrients in this refill/irrigation solution is determined by multiplying the optimal concentration of each nutrient in plant tissue by the water-use efficiency (WUE; ratio of dry mass to water transpired). Optimal leaf nutrient concentrations are well established, but WUE in controlled environments varies widely and is less well characterized. Elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis and demand for nutrients, but partially closes stomata and reduces transpiration; so high CO2 dramatically increases WUE. The concentration of the refill/irrigation solution must be adjusted to account for a two-fold range of WUE, from 3 g L−1 in ambient CO2 in lower humidity, to 6 g L−1 in elevated CO2 in higher humidity. WUE and nutrient requirements vary during the vegetative and reproductive stages of growth, and adjustment of the solution over the lifecycle can be beneficial. Measurement of solution electrical conductivity (EC) is helpful, but if the solution is appropriate, low EC usually means healthy plants and active nutrient uptake. The ammonium to nitrate ratio is critical to pH management. We have applied these principles across multiple species and environments to achieve long-term, steady-state nutrient concentrations with no discharge or leaching of solution.
23
Ayele, Tuma, and Aregagn Petrous. "Response of maize (Zea mays) yield to traditional, conventional, and conservation agricultural practices." OMO International Journal of Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.59122/134d203.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional agriculture has had negative effects for many years, including low crop productivity, food insecurity, and malnutrition. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of conservation tillage with conventional and traditional tillages on maize yield and sandy soil properties at Arba Minch Zuria and Gacho Baba Woredas of Gamo Zone. This study revealed that most of the soil properties are influenced by soil management practices. The soil fertility elements such as OC, TN, and CEC were found to be low in studied soils before and after planting. “Below Optimum” (very low, low, medium) levels of nutrients such as TN, OC/OM, exchangeable bases, CEC and PBS were found to be low in studied soils; considered deficient and limit crop yield. These limiting nutrients do not allow the full expression of other nutrients that are available in optimum amounts. Multi-nutrient deficiencies in soils have led to a decline in productivity and deterioration in the quantity and quality of the produce. “Optimum” (sufficient, adequate, proportional) nutrient levels are considered adequate and will probably not limit crop growth. “Above Optimum” (high, very high, and excessive) levels of nutrients were considered more than adequate and will not limit crop yield. P2O5 and, K2O are above high and not considered as a yield limiting mineral elements. CA fields increased maize yield by 39%, and 59% as compared to the CO and TR Fields in the year2019, respectively). Similarly, CA fields increased maize yield by 54%, and 62% as compared to the CO and TR in the year 2020, respectively. Therefore, it might be advised to use management techniques that improve soil nitrogen availability. Rotation and intercropping of suitable leguminous species that contribute N to the system are also necessary, but the soils in the study area need to be Rhizobium-host-required before any specific recommendations can be made.
24
Silva, Marinoé Gonzaga da, Anderson Nascimento do Vasco, Cleide Cruz Soares, Ramiro Joaquim de Jesus Neves, Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia, and Antenor de Oliveira Aguiar Netto. "Spatial modeling of nitrogen and phosphorus in an agricultural basin in northeastern Brazil." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 15 (November 23, 2022): e475111537047. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.37047.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrological models can help in predicting the behavior of aquatic systems in watershed, and are able to simulate both hydrological processes and nutrient dynamics. The SWAT model is used in water resource management to estimate the production of water, sediments, and nutrients, as well as to identify diffuse sources of pollution. The objective of this work was to evaluate spatial and temporal variability in the dynamics of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus derived from agricultural activities, at the sub-basin level, in the watershed of the Poxim-Açu River. The model was subjected to tests of sensitivity, calibration, and validation in terms of the discharge and the behavior of the nutrients. Statistical analysis showed that the performance of the model was satisfactory. It was found that more than 40% of the areas of the main subbasins that produced sediments and nutrients was occupied by pasture, and that the predominant soil types were Red-Yellow Argisols and Gleysols. These subbasins corresponded to 30% of the hydrographic basin studied and produced 65% of the sediments, 84% of the total nitrogen, 93% of the phosphate, and 86% of the total phosphorus.
25
Ma, Chuan, Maryna Strokal, Carolien Kroeze, Mengru Wang, Xiaolin Li, Nynke Hofstra, and Lin Ma. "Reducing river export of nutrients and eutrophication in Lake Dianchi in the future." Blue-Green Systems 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2020.923.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Lake Dianchi is severely polluted with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The effects of implementing environmental policies and technologies on future lake quality are not well understood. We analyse effects of environmental policies and technologies on future river export of nutrients into Lake Dianchi. We develop scenarios for 2050 and analyse these with the existing MARINA-Lakes model (Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrient to lAkes). The scenarios differ in assumptions about future nutrient management in agriculture, sewage systems and mining. In the SSP3 (Shared Socio-economic Pathway 3) scenario, river export of nutrients to Lake Dianchi is projected to increase 1.4–4.4 times between 2012 and 2050. In the Current Policies scenario, rivers may export fewer nutrients than in SSP3, but this may not avoid eutrophication. Effects of improved nutrient management on river export of nutrients differ among nutrient forms, sub-basins and sources (e.g., urbanization in the north, agriculture in the middle and south). Pollution levels can be reduced below the 2012 level in an Optimistic scenario assuming advanced wastewater treatment, improved nutrient management in agriculture and no mining. However, even this may not completely prevent eutrophication. Preventing eutrophication requires even more efforts, for example, in implementing circular-oriented management options.
26
Tanzer, Julia, Ralf Hermann, and Ludwig Hermann. "Remediating Agricultural Legacy Nutrient Loads in the Baltic Sea Region." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073872.
Full textAbstract:
The Baltic Sea is considered the marine water body most severely affected by eutrophication within Europe. Due to its limited water exchange nutrients have a particularly long residence time in the sea. While several studies have analysed the costs of reducing current nutrient emissions, the costs for remediating legacy nutrient loads of past emissions remain unknown. Although the Baltic Sea is a comparatively well-monitored region, current data and knowledge is insufficient to provide a sound quantification of legacy nutrient loads and much less their abatement costs. A first rough estimation of agricultural legacy nutrient loads yields an accumulation of 0.5–4.0 Mt N and 0.3–1.2 Mt P in the Baltic Sea and 0.4–0.5 Mt P in agricultural soils within the catchment. The costs for removing or immobilising this amount of nutrients via deep water oxygenation, mussel farming and soil gypsum amendment are in the range of few tens to over 100 billion €. These preliminary results are meant as a basis for future studies and show that while requiring serious commitment to funding and implementation, remediating agricultural legacy loads is not infeasible and may even provide economic benefits to local communities in the long run.
27
Carey, Daniel E., Yu Yang, Patrick J. McNamara, and Brooke K. Mayer. "Recovery of agricultural nutrients from biorefineries." Bioresource Technology 215 (September 2016): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.093.
Full text
28
Droic, A., J. Zagorc-Končan, and M. Cotman. "Evaluation of total nitrogen pollution reduction strategies in a river basin: a case study." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0339.
Full textAbstract:
The enrichment of groundwater and rivers by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) and their consequences is one of the most severe problems across Europe as well in Slovenia. Transfer of nutrients from different sources into the environment causes eutrophication of surface waters, nitrate accumulation in groundwater, and others. In this paper, the methodology of the material flow analysis is presented and applied to develop a nitrogen balance in a river basin and to evaluate different scenarios for total nitrogen pollution reduction. Application of the methodology is illustrated by means of a case study on the Krka river, Slovenia. Different scenarios are to be considered: the present level of sewerage and treatment capacities, different stages of wastewater treatment and management of agricultural activities on land. The results show that beside effluents from wastewater treatment plants, agriculture contributes significantly to the total annual nitrogen load. Beside reduction of point sources by means of wastewater collection and implementation of nutrient removal technology, managing agricultural nitrogen in order to protect river water quality and drinking water supply should become a major challenge in the Krka river basin.
29
Bharti, Babita, and Raj Paul Sharma. "Long term effect of integrated nutrient management on soil properties and availability of nutrients in a Typic Hapludalfs under maize-wheat cropping." International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/agriculture-journal-ijoear-jun-2017-10.
Full text
30
Ji, Weishuai, and Yaqiu Liu. "Research on Quantitative Evaluation of Remote Sensing and Statistics Based on Wireless Sensors and Farmland Soil Nutrient Variability." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (January 19, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3646264.
Full textAbstract:
The combination of wireless sensor networks and radio technology can form a new type of communication network. The emergence of wireless sensor networks has effectively solved the problems existing in radio technology, but traditional wireless sensor networks and radio technology networks cannot be directly applied to wireless sensors. On this basis, this paper studies the remote sensing of soil nutrient variability in agricultural land using wireless sensors. Due to traditional farmland management and agricultural systems, farmland soil nutrient variability has led to polarization: fertile soil has excess nutrients, reducing the use rate of chemical fertilizers and polluting high-quality farmland. Traditional farming methods can no longer meet the requirements, and modern technology must be used to comprehensively understand the spatiotemporal variability of soil nutrients during plant growth. Remote sensing technology has the advantages of accuracy, speed, economy, and regular monitoring. It provides new ideas and technical guarantees for soil quality evaluation in land development and consolidation projects. This paper also studies the use of statistical quantitative evaluation technology to carry out multidimensional statistical quantification of soil protection function evaluation at a given location. Finally, wireless sensor networks are used to analyze the relationship between several natural factors and quantitative estimation of soil protection. Based on wireless sensor technology, this paper studies the variability of farmland soil nutrients and statistical quantitative evaluation, hoping to lay a foundation for the development of agriculture and statistics.
31
Yogeswari, G., and A. Padmapriya. "Precision Data Acquisition and Analysis for Nutrient Management of Tomatoes." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 8, S2 (March 5, 2019): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2019.8.s2.2032.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture is the soul of every nation, where it considers some factors such as uneven rainfall, changing climate and weather conditions, monsoon for soil and nutrient during the crop growth. Agriculture is predominantly essential and the main source of our livelihood. Nutrient management is a major thirst area and to be the focus in the field of agriculture. Due to the paucity of nutrients in plants, the human is forced to face many challenges in day-to-day life. Restoration of nutrient is crucial, in this view there is need to espouse the precision agriculture system which alters crop related plan and policies. The main aim of this research is to collect some of the factors influencing nutrients in plant growth and analyze them. The data collection is done by both manual and precision methods. The plant chosen for the analysis is Tomato – a horticulture crop. This is an attempt towards developing an expert system based on precision data.
32
Lizotte, Richard E., Lindsey M. W. Yasarer, Ronald L. Bingner, Martin A. Locke, and Scott S. Knight. "Long-Term Oxbow Lake Trophic State under Agricultural Best Management Practices." Water 13, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081123.
Full textAbstract:
A key principle of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) is to improve water quality by reducing agricultural-sourced nutrients and associated eutrophication. Long-term (1998–2016) lake summer trophic state index (TSI) trends of an agricultural watershed with agricultural best management practices (BMPs) were assessed. Structural BMPs included vegetative buffers, conservation tillage, conservation reserve, a constructed wetland, and a sediment retention pond. TSI included Secchi visibility (SD), chlorophyll a (Chl), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). Summer TSI 1977 was >80 in 1998–1999 (hypertrophic) and decreased over the first 10 years to TSI 1977 ≈ 75 (eutrophic). TSI 1977 decrease and changing TSI deviations coincided with vegetative buffers, conservation tillage, and conservation reserve. The TSI(SD) decrease (>90 to <70) coincided with vegetative buffers and TSI(TP) decrease (>90 to <75) coincided primarily with conservation tillage and the sediment retention pond. TSI(Chl) increase (<60 to >70) coincided with conservation tillage and vegetative buffer. Results indicate watershed-wide BMPs can modestly decrease summer trophic state through increased water transparency and decreased TP, but these changes are off-set by increases in chlorophyll a to reach a new stable state within a decade. Future research should assess algal nutrient thresholds, internal nutrient loading, and climate change effects.
33
Blomqvist, Anna. "How can stakeholder participation improve European watershed management: the Water Framework Directive, watercourse groups and Swedish contributions to Baltic Sea eutrophication." Water Policy 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Nutrient losses from agricultural land constitute an important part of the total flow of nutrients to lakes and seas in Sweden and the Baltic region. With the Water Framework Directive, to be implemented shortly throughout Europe, emphasis is increasing on the role of stakeholder participation and decentralisation of various responsibilities from authorities to groups in the civil society. This paper investigates a Swedish case where local watercourse groups (WCGs) have formed in order to be involved more actively in the efforts to reduce nutrient losses from agricultural lands. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the institutional landscape surrounding WCGs, goals, goal formulation and space of action.
34
Shibabaw, Agegnehu, and Melkamu Alemeyehu. "The Contribution of Some Soil and Crop Management Practice on Soil Organic Carbon Reserves: Review." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 3, no. 3 (January 30, 2015): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v3i3.4293.
Full textAbstract:
Soil organic carbon is the most important attribute and chosen as the most important indicator of soil and environment quality and agricultural sustainability. Maintaining of soil carbon stocks and other nutrient proved as the most important challenge of arable lands. It depends on soil type, surrounding climate and long term land use. Studies of various research reports indicates that agricultural management practice; crop rotation, residue management, reduced tillage, green manuring and organic matter amendment has identified for its contribution to the improvement of soil organic matter stocks and some other nutrients.Implementing of reduced or no tillage operation has underlined in increasing organic carbon stock of the soil through delaying of organic matter decomposition and N mineralization.Long term adoption of legume based crop rotation notably increases soil organic carbon and N contents, helped with natural gift of atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Organic sources of fertilizer are reservoirs of plant nutrients and organic carbon, and hence amendment with adequate and quality manure ultimately enhances the soil nutrients and SOC stocks of the soil. In general, soil and crop management practices allow the soil to sequester more atmospheric carbon in to the soil.The circumstances ultimately contribute to agricultural sustainability, environmental and soil quality and mitigation of climate change at large.
35
SINGH, SANDEEP. "Nutrient management in salt affected soils for sustainable crop production." ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH 24, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10147.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Soil salinity and sodicity are the global problems and pose a serious threat to agriculture sustainability. The distribution of salt affected soils exist mostly under arid and semi-arid climates where rainfall is inadequate to leach salts from/out of the root zone. These soils have poor fertility, generally with low availability of nitrogen, calcium, zinc, iron and manganese. Therefore, judicious nutrients management on the principle of INM in these soils is as important as their reclamation. In these soils, crops respond differently to applied nutrients due to their diverse chemical composition impacting precipitation-dissolution reactions and adsorption-desorption kinetics. Nutrient transformation and loss mechanisms of applied nutrients are also affected by the magnitude of soil salinity and sodicity. The paper aims at discussing efficient nutrient management in salt affected soils for sustainable crop production.
36
Ondersteijn, C. J. M., A. G. J. M. Oude Lansink, G. W. J. Giesen, and R. B. M. Huirne. "Improving Nutrient Efficiency as a Strategy to Reduce Nutrient Surpluses on Dairy Farms." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.266.
Full textAbstract:
Dutch nutrient policy aims at reducing leaching of agricultural nutrients by internalizing the negative externalities associated with inefficient nutrient use. This is done by taxation of nitrogen and phosphate surpluses that exceed a hectare-based threshold of maximum-allowed surpluses. One management strategy farmers may use to reduce the nutrient surpluses on their farms is to improve the nutrient efficiency of the agricultural production process. This study employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate nitrogen and phosphate efficiencies and an overall nutrient efficiency measure for a 3-year panel of 114 Dutch dairy farms. Subsequent analyses show the impact of both farm intensity and nutrient efficiency on the nitrogen and phosphate surpluses. It appears that farm intensity has a positive effect on efficiency, but efficiency and intensity exert opposite influences on nutrient surpluses. This is especially the case for nitrogen. The magnitude of a possible reduction of nitrogen surpluses through a strategy of efficiency improvement is therefore limited by the intensity of the farming system, unless the technology with which nutrients are used by the farming system can be further improved or input/output ratios will be altered.
37
Carrer, G. M., M. Bonato, D. Smania, A. Barausse, C. Comis, and L. Palmeri. "Beneficial effects on water management of simple hydraulic structures in wetland systems: the Vallevecchia case study, Italy." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.623.
Full textAbstract:
Conflicting water uses in coastal zones demand integrated approaches to achieve sustainable water resources management, protecting water quality while allowing those human activities which rely upon aquatic ecosystem services to thrive. This case study shows that the creation and simple management of hydraulic structures within constructed wetlands can markedly reduce the non-point pollution from agriculture and, simultaneously, benefit agricultural activities, particularly during hot and dry periods. The Vallevecchia wetland system is based on a reclaimed 900 ha-large drainage basin in Northern Italy, where droughts recently impacted agriculture causing water scarcity and saltwater intrusion. Rainwater and drained water are recirculated inside the system to limit saltwater intrusion, provide irrigation water during dry periods and reduce the agricultural nutrient loads discharged into the bordering, eutrophic Adriatic Sea. Monitoring (2003–2009) of water quality and flows highlights that the construction (ended in 2005) of a gated spillway to control the outflow, and of a 200,000 m3 basin for water storage, dramatically increased the removal of nutrients within the system. Strikingly, this improvement was achieved with a minimal management effort, e.g. each year the storage basin was filled once: a simple management of the hydraulic structures would greatly enhance the system efficiency, and store more water to irrigate and limit saltwater intrusion.
38
Rabelo, Josimara Mendes, Maria do Céu Monteiro Cruz, Nubia Cassiana Santos, Deilson de Almeida Alves, João Esdras Lima, and Enilson de Barros Silva. "Increase of nutrients export and production of pitaya whit potassium fertilization." Comunicata Scientiae 11 (April 23, 2020): e3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v11i0.3276.
Full textAbstract:
Characterization works of pitayas show that the potassium (K) is the nutrient most exported, thus, influences in the productivity and quality of this fruit. However, these researches do not report the nutrients export by pitaya's associating the fertilization carried out in the orchard, information that is relevant to make the nutrients reposition adequate at the time of fertilization. The research was carried out to evaluate the supply of K2O in the export of nutrients and productivity of the Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus pitaya species. The analysis was carried out in the mature fruits harvested in two harvests. Potassium fertilization was performed at doses of 0; 50; 100 and 200 g of K2O per plant. Nutrient export per ton of fruit was calculated from the determination of the nutrient levels and the dry matter of the pitaya pulp. The export of nutrients by the pitaya of the species H. undatus and H. polyrhizus occurs in the following order: K>N>P>Ca>Mg> and Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn>B. These species of pitaya have similar nutritional requirements, enabling them to be receive same fertilization management. The amount of nutrients exported was higher in plants fertilized with potassium due to the higher productivity achieved. Orchards of pitaya that reach high productivity require a greater quantity of nutrients, due to the increase export by the fruits.
39
Lawniczak-Malińska, Agnieszka, Bogumił Nowak, and Kamil Pajewski. "Agricultural Pressures on the Quality of Ground and Surface Waters in Catchments of Artificial Reservoirs." Water 15, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15040661.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in nutrient concentrations in groundwater were investigated to determine the impact of agriculture on water quality in artificial lakes. The study covered three reservoirs in an agricultural area of Wielkopolska (central-western part of Poland). Assessing the agricultural impact required a network of piezometers around the reservoirs, used to determine the degree of groundwater pollution from nutrients supplied to the reservoirs. Moreover, the analysis covered the quality of water in streams flowing into the reservoirs, and in the reservoirs themselves. Field research was conducted every month of the growing season from March to November. The analysis covered land inclination, ground permeability, and soil type. Detailed objectives included: (1) assessment of the agricultural impact on the chemical parameters of ground and surface water quality, and (2) evaluation of the impact of different sources of agricultural pollution on water quality in artificial reservoirs in regards to their management. This study revealed high dynamics of nutrient concentrations, particularly for nitrates and phosphates, in groundwater and surface water. A significant effect of maize cultivation on an increase in nitrate concentrations in the groundwater of the catchment of the Przebędowo Reservoir was evidenced, as well as a substantial effect of the functioning of an animal farm on the quality of groundwaters in the catchment of the Lachotka Reservoir. The nutrient load of agricultural origin in the catchment of the Miedzichowo Reservoir was relatively low. Our study revealed elevated amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, detected more frequently in groundwater than in running waters, which confirms our hypothesis of the importance of groundwater analysis in detecting the source of pollution of the studied lakes. High nutrient concentrations recorded in groundwater leached from arable fields were also observed in the summer period, failing to confirm the hypothesis that the greatest effect of factors would be related to the spring effect of arable fields on water quality (lack of compact vegetation cover, high water level, etc.). Our study also indicated a greater importance of the type of land use than lithology or permeability of deposits.
40
Hassan, Syeda Mona, Farhat Parveen, Asif Ibrahim, Syed Khurram Hassan, Abdul Majeed, and Naureen Naeem. "Role of Nanoparticles to Improve Agricultural Practices and Plant Production." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 1, no. 3 (May 5, 2020): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2017.010317.
Full textAbstract:
Nanotechnology is the outmost emerging technology of 21st century. It is an excellent approach to renovate the food and agricultural industry with the help of different modern strategies for the rapid disease detection, molecular management of diseases, improving the aptitude of plants to take up more nutrients. Nanotechnology has the ability to enhance yield of nutrient values and also plays an important role in improving developed systems to monitor ecological conditions. Moreover a number of nano-materials are well known for their potential plant growth promoting effects. This present review article highlights the potential effects of Nanoparticles on flowering, growth, and seed production in plants.
41
Hansen, Amy T., Todd Campbell, Se Jong Cho, Jonathan A. Czuba, Brent J. Dalzell, Christine L. Dolph, Peter L. Hawthorne, et al. "Integrated assessment modeling reveals near-channel management as cost-effective to improve water quality in agricultural watersheds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 28 (July 6, 2021): e2024912118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024912118.
Full textAbstract:
Despite decades of policy that strives to reduce nutrient and sediment export from agricultural fields, surface water quality in intensively managed agricultural landscapes remains highly degraded. Recent analyses show that current conservation efforts are not sufficient to reverse widespread water degradation in Midwestern agricultural systems. Intensifying row crop agriculture and increasing climate pressure require a more integrated approach to water quality management that addresses diverse sources of nutrients and sediment and off-field mitigation actions. We used multiobjective optimization analysis and integrated three biophysical models to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative portfolios of watershed management practices at achieving nitrate and suspended sediment reduction goals in an agricultural basin of the Upper Midwestern United States. Integrating watershed-scale models enabled the inclusion of near-channel management alongside more typical field management and thus directly the comparison of cost-effectiveness across portfolios. The optimization analysis revealed that fluvial wetlands (i.e., wide, slow-flowing, vegetated water bodies within the riverine corridor) are the single-most cost-effective management action to reduce both nitrate and sediment loads and will be essential for meeting moderate to aggressive water quality targets. Although highly cost-effective, wetland construction was costly compared to other practices, and it was not selected in portfolios at low investment levels. Wetland performance was sensitive to placement, emphasizing the importance of watershed scale planning to realize potential benefits of wetland restorations. We conclude that extensive interagency cooperation and coordination at a watershed scale is required to achieve substantial, economically viable improvements in water quality under intensive row crop agricultural production.
42
Hewett, C. J. M., P. F. Quinn, P. G. Whitehead, A. L. Heathwaite, and N. J. Flynn. "Towards a nutrient export risk matrix approach to managing agricultural pollution at source." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2004): 834–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-834-2004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A generic Nutrient Export Risk Matrix (NERM) approach is presented. This provides advice to farmers and policy makers on good practice for reducing nutrient loss and, hopefully, persuades them to implement such measures. Combined with a range of nutrient transport modelling tools and field experiments, NERMs can play an important role in reducing nutrient export from agricultural land. The Phosphorus Export Risk Matrix (PERM) is presented as an example NERM. The PERM integrates hydrological understanding of runoff with a number of agronomic and policy factors into a clear problem-solving framework. This allows farmers and policy makers to visualise strategies for reducing phosphorus loss through proactive land management. The risk of pollution is assessed by a series of informed questions relating to farming intensity and practice. This information is combined with the concept of runoff management to point towards simple, practical remedial strategies which do not compromise farmers’ ability to obtain sound economic returns from their crop and livestock. Keywords: nutrients, phosphorus, export, risk, decision support, matrix
43
Agrawal, G. D. "Diffuse agricultural water pollution in India." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (February 1, 1999): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0131.
Full textAbstract:
Concern over agricultural diffuse pollution sources in integrated water quality management has been growing recently. Such sources are likely to be even more critical in developing countries, including India, where agriculture and rural habitats are still dominant, unlike the G7 or other affluent industrialised nations. A number of special features of the Indian scene need to be considered. These include: (i) extremely varying rainfall and stream-flow patterns; (ii) still largely traditional agricultural practices with average application of fertilizers and pesticides and significant areas under dry farming or only marginal irrigation; (iii) a very large cattle population, with agriculture almost always linked with animal husbandry; (iv) a culture of living close to the river (if not in the river) with dominating instream uses of bathing, washing, cattle wading, waste disposal, etc. and large-scale floodplain farming; and (v) scant respect for rules, regulations and laws alongside an extremely weak law-enforcement machinery. The paper shows that in the non-monsoon (non-flood) periods, which may account for all but 2 months of a year, agricultural diffuse pollution sources seem to have no impact on stream water quality. During these periods flows are low to minimal and pollution is dominated by the in-stream uses, sullage waters of rural communities and point discharges from urban/industrial sources, if any. Pollution due to agricultural return waters, either as wash-off or as seepage, appears to be rare during the 8-10 fair weather months. However, surface wash-off of pollutants from agricultural sources becomes the dominant factor during flood flows, and seepage/drainage from agricultural fields/soils continues to pollute streams for a month or two after the monsoons are over. Application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (or any other agricultural chemicals) in India is still low compared to developed countries, and while eutrophication due to high levels of washed-off nutrients is observed in rural ponds and other stagnant bodies of water receiving agricultural drainage, and excessive pesticide residuals are often reported for vegetables, fodder, milk, etc., monitoring of streams and rivers does not show any significant pollution due to nutrients or pesticides from agricultural diffuse pollution during fair weather months. High nitrate concentrations have been reported in groundwater and in many areas, such as Punjab and Haryana, these can often be linked directly to diffuse agricultural sources. The major problem of agricultural diffuse pollution appears to be the heavy silt loads, along with large quantities of dissolved salts, nutrients, organics and even heavy metals and bacterial contaminants washed off during floods. The silt tends to clog up the flow channel to further encourage seasonal floodplain agriculture. This results in a vicious circle, which degrades the channel, increases flood-damage and is undesirable from ecological and sustainability points of view. High concentrations of salts and nutrients encourage growth of weeds and macrophytes after the floods have passed. The presence of organics, heavy metals and bacterial contamination renders the streamwater unfit for in-stream use or abstraction. With the introduction of intensive agriculture and adoption of modern farming techniques involving the application of much irrigation water and agricultural chemicals, the problems caused by diffuse agricultural pollution are bound to grow. Routine pollution control methods of discharge permits (or consent letters), EIAs or environmental audits, and normal enforcement measures by regulatory agencies are not likely to work for control of such pollution. Using the example of a small river in central India, Paisuni (Mandakini), the paper brings out the nature of the problems, and suggests a possible management approach.
44
Zahra, Zahra, Zunaira Habib, Hyeseung Hyun, and Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad. "Overview on Recent Developments in the Design, Application, and Impacts of Nanofertilizers in Agriculture." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 9397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159397.
Full textAbstract:
Nutrient management is always a great concern for better crop production. The optimized use of nutrients plays a key role in sustainable crop production, which is a major global challenge as it depends mainly on synthetic fertilizers. A novel fertilizer approach is required that can boost agricultural system production while being more ecologically friendly than synthetic fertilizers. As nanotechnology has left no field untouched, including agriculture, by its scientific innovations. The use of nanofertilizers in agriculture is in the early stage of development, but they appear to have significant potential in different ways, such as increased nutrient-use efficiency, the slow release of nutrients to prevent nutrient loss, targeted delivery, improved abiotic stress tolerance, etc. This review summarizes the current knowledge on various developments in the design and formulation of nanoparticles used as nanofertilizers, their types, their mode of application, and their potential impacts on agricultural crops. The main emphasis is given on the potential benefits of nanofertilizers, and we highlight the current limitations and future challenges related to the wide-scale application before field applications. In particular, the unprecedent release of these nanomaterials into the environment may jeopardize human health and the ecosystem. As the green revolution has occurred, the production of food grains has increased at the cost of the disproportionate use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which have severely damaged our ecosystem. We need to make sure that the use of these nanofertilizers reduces environmental damage, rather than increasing it. Therefore, future studies should also check the environmental risks associated with these nanofertilizers, if there are any; moreover, it should focus on green manufactured and biosynthesized nanofertilizers, as well as their safety, bioavailability, and toxicity issues, to safeguard their application for sustainable agriculture environments.
45
Chiquito-Contreras, Roberto G., Luis Hernandez-Adame, Gerardo Alvarado-Castillo, María de J. Martínez-Hernández, Gabriela Sánchez-Viveros, César J. Chiquito-Contreras, and Luis G. Hernandez-Montiel. "Aquaculture—Production System and Waste Management for Agriculture Fertilization—A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 7257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127257.
Full textAbstract:
Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food production sector worldwide and is becoming the main source of aquatic animal foodstuff for human consumption. However, the aquaculture sector has been strongly criticized for its environmental impacts. It can cause discharge and accumulation of residual nutrients in the areas surrounding the production farms. This is because, of the total nutrients supplied to production ponds, only 30% are converted into product, while the rest is usually discharged into the environment to maintain water quality in aquaculture culture systems, thereby altering the physic-chemical characteristics of the receiving water. In contrast, this same accumulation of nutrients is gaining importance within the agricultural sector, as it has been reported that the main nutrients required by plants for their development are found in this aquaculture waste. The purpose of this review article is to indicate the different aquaculture production systems, the waste they generate, as well as the negative effects of their discharge into the environment. Biofiltration and bioremediation processes are mentioned as alternatives for aquaculture waste management. Furthermore, the state of the art in the treatment and utilization of aquaculture waste as a mineral source for agricultural nutrition through biodigestion and biomineralization processes is described. Finally, aquaponics is referred to as a biological production approach that, through efficient use of water and recycling of accumulated organic nutrients in aquaculture systems, can contribute to addressing the goals of sustainable aquaculture development.
46
Belinskij, Iho, Paloniitty, and Soininen. "From Top–Down Regulation to Bottom–Up Solutions: Reconfiguring Governance of Agricultural Nutrient Loading to Waters." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 5364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195364.
Full textAbstract:
Animal agriculture is shifting toward larger farms and regional agglomerations in many countries. In step with this development, manure nutrients have started accumulating regionally, and are leading to increasing eutrophication problems. Nevertheless, the same trend may also prompt innovations in manure treatment. For example, Valio Ltd (the largest dairy processer in Finland) is planning a network of facilities that would remove water from manure, fraction the nutrients in it, and produce biogas from the excess methane. One of the main hurdles in developing this technology is that the current regulatory framework does not support a shift from diffuse loading, which is seen in the traditional application of manure on fields, to point-source loading; the regulations may even prevent such a change. This article analyzes a governance framework that addresses this dilemma in EU–Finland, and discusses how the governance described could curtail the nutrient loading of agriculture to waters. The approach is based on adaptive governance theory. We argue that traditional top–down regulation, which emphasizes food security, contains serious shortcomings when it comes to managing agricultural nutrient loading to waters, and that the current regulatory framework does not necessarily have the adaptive capacity to facilitate new, bottom–up solutions for manure treatment. Interestingly, the strict water quality requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) open new windows of opportunity for such solutions, and thus for improving the overall sustainability of animal agriculture.
47
GN, Chattopadhyay. "Use of Vermicomposted Fly Ash as an Important Component for Integrated Nutrient Management of Potato." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 3, no. 3 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000144.
Full textAbstract:
Large scale generation of fly ash (FA) from varying kinds of coal fired plants has now emerged as a global environmental threat. To combat the situation, various possibilities of recycling this waste material are being explored. In view of appreciable occurrence of most of the plant nutrients in FA, the possibility of recycling this waste material in agriculture as a source of these nutrients is being envisaged in many countries. However, the major problem associated with supply of plant nutrients through FA is the low bio-availability of most of the nutrients in this material. Under this context, adoption of vermicomposting biotechnology for simultaneous degradation of different organic wastes and FA with the help of some special purpose earthworms is being recommended by a group of workers. Vermicomposting helps in accelerated degradation of various kinds of wastes with the help of gut microorganisms of these earthworms. In view of the encouraging results from various studies on beneficial effects of vermicomposted fly ash (VFA) on soil properties a field study was carried out to assess the potential of VFA as a component of integrated nutrient management for potato cultivation. The on-farm trial revealed the efficiency of VFA in increasing the yield of potato under such nutrient management and the results were comparable to those with farm yard manure and vermicompost.
48
Chambers, P. A., G. A. Benoy, R. B. Brua, and J. M. Culp. "Application of nitrogen and phosphorus criteria for streams in agricultural landscapes." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 11 (December 1, 2011): 2185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.760.
Full textAbstract:
Efforts to control eutrophication of water resources in agriculturally dominated ecosystems have focused on managing on-farm activities to reduce nutrient loss; however, another management measure for improving water quality is adoption of environmental performance criteria (or ‘outcome-based standards’). Here, we review approaches for setting environmental quality criteria for nutrients, summarize approaches developed in Canada for setting ‘ideal’ and ‘achievable’ nutrient criteria for streams in agricultural watersheds, and consider how such criteria could be applied. As part of a ‘National Agri-Environmental Standards Initiative’, the Government of Canada committed to the development of non-regulatory environmental performance standards that establish total P (TP) and total N (TN) concentrations to protect ecological condition of agricultural streams. Application of four approaches for defining ideal standards using only chemistry data resulted in values for TP and TN spanning a relatively narrow range of concentrations within a given ecoregion. Cross-calibration of these chemically derived standards with information on biological condition resulted in recommendations for TP and TN that would likely protect aquatic life from adverse effects of eutrophication. Non-point source water quality modelling was then conducted in a specific watershed to estimate achievable standards, i.e. chemical conditions that could be attained using currently available and recommended management practices. Our research showed that, taken together, short-term achievable standards and ultimate ideal standards could be used to set policy targets that should, if realized, lower N and P concentrations in Canadian agricultural streams and improve biotic condition.
49
Fikriman, Fikriman, Eci Prayetni, and Pitriani Pitriani. "Sustainable Agricultural Development In Indonesia (Article Review)." Baselang 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36355/bsl.v2i1.29.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe definition of sustainable agriculture is the successful management of resources for agricultural enterprises to meet changing human needs while maintaining or improving environmental quality and conserving natural resources. The true meaning of sustainable agriculture is one that is economically sustainable which is achieved by: less energy use, minimal ecological footprint, less packaged goods, widespread local purchasing with shorter food supply chains, less processed foodstuffs, community gardens and gardens more houses, and so on Sustainable agriculture relies heavily on returning nutrients to the soil by minimizing the use of non-renewable natural resources such as natural gas (which is used as a feedstock for fertilizers) and minerals (such as phosphates). The most important factors in the utilization of natural resources in a land are soil, sunlight, air, and water.Sustainable agriculture is the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the agricultural sector. The concept of sustainable agriculture is based on three pillars: economic, social, and ecological.Keywords: Development, Agricultural, Sustainable
50
Karunaben, Chaudhri, H. H. Patel, and Bhagariya Sejalben Gulabbhai. "Effect of Date of Sowing and Nutrient Management in Summer Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under South Gujarat Condition." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 10, 2022): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1107.008.
Full textAbstract:
A field experiment entitled “Effect of date of sowing and nutrient management in summer sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under south Gujarat condition” was carried out at College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during summer 2019. The experiment consisting 15 treatment combinations comprising of 3 sowing dates viz. D1: 2nd week of February, D2: 4th week of February, D3: 2nd week of March and 5 nutrient management practices viz. N1: 100% RDN, N2: 100% RDN + Sap (1%), N3: 75% RDN + Sap (1%), N4: 100% RDN + Urea (1%), N5: 75% RDN + Urea (1%) were treated in a split plot design with 4 replications. Amongst sowing dates, crop sown at 2nd week of March (D3) registered significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, seed yield (778 kg/ha), stalk yield (1933 kg/ha), oil yield and nutrients uptake by seed and stalk. Amongst nutrient management, crop was fertilized with 100% RDN+1% Urea (N4) observed significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, stalk yield (1943 kg/ha), oil yield and nutrients uptake by seed and stalk. Significantly the highest seed yield (791 kg/ha) was recorded with 100% RDN+1% Urea (N4).