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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural labores'
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Chuco Aguilar, Victoria Judith, José Antonio Álvarez Pejerrey, Manuel Greck Anderson Chávez Ramírez, and Luis Alexis Fernando Cuba Rosales. "El trabajo remoto y el desempeño laboral en el marco del covid-19." Review of Global Management 6, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19083/rgm.v6i1.1489.
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El teletrabajo busca que los trabajadores puedan realizar sus labores de forma remota. En un contexto de pandemia por la COVID-19, el teletrabajo se ha convertido en la principal modalidad para desarrollar las labores en las organizaciones; y esto representa un desafío para mantener la productividad de los trabajadores, debido a las presiones laborales y la incertidumbre en el mercado del trabajo. Dos factores importantes emergen en este análisis: la habilidad de las organizaciones en establecer sistemas de comunicación adecuados y la capacidad del trabajador de manejar sus emociones en entornos inciertos.
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Muzlera, José, and Rocío Pérez Gañán. "Tensiones identitarias y lógicas adaptativas en la oferta de servicios agrícolas pampeanos (2009-2015)." Mundo Agrario 21, no. 48 (December 1, 2020): e156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/15155994e156.
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Los prestadores de servicios de maquinaria agrícola –contratistas– realizan las labores culturales para la agricultura extensiva de la región pampeana argentina. A través de una encuesta de alcance nacional a 426 contratistas complementada con entrevistas cualitativas, se ha caracterizado el tipo de estructura, los servicios ofrecidos, el nivel de capitalización y la dimensión familiar de sus empresas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la pérdida del peso explicativo de la identidad de estos agentes del agro frente al creciente volumen y flexibilidad del capital, y el peso de la dimensión familiar para definir las dinámicas empresariales en la Región Pampeana Argentina.
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Ruiz Saura, José Enrique. "Sindicalismo agrario y negociación colectiva en el agro de la región de Murcia. Evolución y características principales." Anales de Derecho 41, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesderecho.562731.
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The negotiating tables for the conclusion of agreements between capital and work, fulfill a function of the utmost importance in the construction and evolution of agricultural work in the Region of Murcia. This study analyzes the role of collective bargaining in this area and addresses issues such as the influence of unionism on collective labor relations in the Murcian countryside and the evolution of the labor regulatory framework of local agriculture. Within this research, it is of interest to know the social and union context of the work carried out in Murcian agriculture. Especially, to make an approximation to the changes that have taken place in the Region of Murcia in the field of agricultural work, as a result of the development of intensive agriculture and all the new conditions that the transition from traditional agriculture has entailed. Las mesas de negociación para la concertación de acuerdos entre capital y trabajo, cumplen una función de máxima importancia en la construcción y evolución del trabajo agrícola en la Región de Murcia. Este estudio analiza el papel de la negociación colectiva en este ámbito y aborda cuestiones como la influencia del sindicalismo en las relaciones laborales colectivas del campo murciano y la evolución del marco normativo laboral propio de la agricultura local. Dentro de esta investigación, resulta de interés conocer el contexto social y sindical del trabajo desarrollado en la agricultura murciana. Especialmente, hacer una aproximación a los cambios que se han producido en la Región de Murcia en el ámbito del trabajo agrícola, a raíz del desarrollo de la agricultura intensiva y todos los nuevos condicionantes que ha conllevado el tránsito desde la agricultura tradicional.
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Urrea Giraldo, Fernando, Jairo Alexander Castaño, and Luis Gabriel Quiroz Cortés. "Mercado de trabajo, fuerza de trabajo y economía campesina indígena Nasa en tres municipios del norte del Cauca: Toribío, Jambaló y Caldono." REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, no. 207 (July 5, 2016): 103–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi207.1075.
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En este documento se analizan los indicadores convencionales del mercado de trabajo (tasa global de participación, tasa de ocupación, tasa de inactividad y tasa de desempleo) y la inserción de la fuerza de trabajo indígena en el mercado laboral local y regional para tres municipios de predominio de población Nasa en el norte del Cauca: Toribío, Jambaló y Caldono. Igualmente, se presenta una caracterización de la economía campesina Nasa en términos de los cultivos y su destinación (venta/autoconsumo) y el uso de fuerza de trabajo en las labores de siembra y cosecha, entre otras características. Los hallazgos muestran que los indicadores del mercado de trabajo no logran captar la realidad laboral en esta economía campesina. Las fuentes de información utilizadas fueron las bases de datos de la Encuesta Piloto Experimental Nasa.Palabras Clave: Mercado de trabajo, fuerza de trabajo, economía campesina, producción agropecuaria, indígenas Nasa. AbstractLabor Market, Labor Force, and Nasa Indigenous Rural Economy in Three Municipalities in the Northern Cauca: Toribío, Jambaló y CaldonoThis paper analyzes conventional labor market indicators (global participation rate, employment rate, inactivity rate and unemployment rate) and the insertion of the indigenous labor force in the local and regional labor market for three municipalities with a predominant Nasa population in the north of the Cauca: Toribío, Jambaló and Caldono. Similarly, we analyze characteristics of the Nasa rural economy in terms of the crops and their destination (sale/self-consumption) and the labor force use in the sowing and harvesting tasks, among other features. The findings show that labor market indicators fail to capture labor reality in this rural economy. The sources of information used were the databases of the Nasa Experimental Pilot Survey.Keywords: Labor market, labor force, rural economy, agricultural production, Nasa indigenous community.
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Nolasco-García, Luis I., Juan L. Marín-León, Ana I. Mireles-Arriaga, Jorge E. Ruiz-Nieto, and Jesús Hernández-Ruíz. "Áreas geográficas susceptibles al virus rugoso del tomate (ToBRFV) en Guanajuato, México." Bioagro 35, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51372/bioagro351.2.
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El Virus Rugoso del Tomate (ToBRFV) se transmite principalmente por semilla contaminada e infección de planta a planta durante las labores del cultivo; sin embargo, las condiciones climáticas locales pueden propiciar su severidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la idoneidad ambiental del ToBRFV en el estado de Guanajuato, México. Se colectó material vegetativo con síntomas característicos del ToBRFV para extraer ARN y se realizaron reacciones de RT-PCR para amplificar un segmento del ORF2 del genoma de este virus. Se elaboró una base de datos con la localización geográfica de los casos positivos detectados. Posteriormente se aplicó el algoritmo de máxima entropía con 22 variables bioclimáticas como predictores. En una superficie de 288.104 ha ubicada en Guanajuato (equivalente al 9,4 % de la superficie estatal) existen las condiciones climáticas para propiciar la presencia del ToBRFV. Las variables climáticas que propician esta incidencia son: precipitación del cuatrimestre más cálido (27,7 %), régimen de humedad (26,4 %) y temperatura mínima promedio del año más frio (17,0 %).
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Villazón Gómez, Juan Alejandro, Pavel Noris Noris, and Ranses J. Vázquez Montenegro. "Balance hídrico del suelo como herramienta para la planificación de labores en áreas agropecuarias de la provincia de Holguín." Idesia (Arica) 39, no. 4 (December 2021): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292021000400097.
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Castro, P., and M. Hermelin. "BREVE HISTORIA DE LA CARTOGRAFÍA GEOLÓGICA EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 27, no. 103 (October 10, 2023): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.27(103).2003.2067.
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A pesar de la tradición minera del departamento de Antioquia, su cartografía geológica sistemática sólo se inició por iniciativa regional a principios del siglo XX y culminó a fines del mismo. Se analizan las labores realizadas por la Comisión Científica Nacional, el Ferrocarril de Antioquia, la Facultad Nacional de Minas, el Servicio Geológico Nacional y sus entidades sucesoras: el Inventario Minero Nacional, y el Ingeominas.
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Alva, Catherine, and Noriyuki Baba. "LABRANZA MECANIZADA Y TRADICIONAL EN TERRAZAS DE LA PEQUEÑA AGRICULTURA ALTOANDINA EN PERÚ: COMPARACIÓN TÉCNICA Y ECONÓMICA." Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences 39, no. 3 (2023): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29393/chjaa39-33lmcn20033.
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La delicada seguridad alimentaria, junto con la la crisis económica y ambiental que afectan a las poblaciones más vulnerables de la zona altoandina del Perú, han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de la pequeña agricultura. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis comparativo entre la labranza mecanizada y la tradicional, a partir de variables técnicas y económicas. Para esto, se estimó el gasto energético de los operarios, el desempeño de los equipos de labranza, la profundidad y el diámetro medio ponderado (MWD) de suelo labrado, y los tiempos y costos de labranza por hectárea. En labranza tradicional se emplearon la barreta y la yunta, mientras que la labranza mecanizada incluyó el uso de tres modelos de motocultores. Las parcelas fueron terrazas tipo 3, tipo 3-2 y tipo 2. El diseño estadístico fue de bloques completamente al azar. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el ANOVA y la prueba DMS. Los resultados indican que los tipos de labranza y terrazas que demandan menores tiempos y costos de labranza son los motocultores, la yunta y las terrazas tipo 2, beneficiando a la economía y seguridad alimentaria rural. La yunta y los motocultores se pueden utilizar de forma combinada para roturar y mullir el suelo, respectivamente. Para mejorar la evaluación de las variables técnicas (gasto energético, profundidad y MWD de suelo labrado) se requiere de un periodo de estudio más largo y aumentar las repeticiones. Próximos estudios podrían evaluar otras tecnologías y labores culturales, incluyendo la participación de mujeres agricultoras.
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Samper Kutsbach, Mario. "Uso del suelo, ciclo agrícola y unidades productivas en el suroeste de Antioquia, 1912-1935. Aproximación empírica y comparativa." Lecturas de Economía, no. 25-26 (January 26, 2011): 141–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n25-26a7764.
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• Resumen: El trabajo presenta una visión detallada de las características del uso de la tierra y la ocupación de fuerza de trabajo, tanto asalariada como familiar, en diversos tipos de unidades productivas del suroeste antioqueño en el período estudiado. Retoma hipótesis de un estudio anterior sobre la región entre 1850 y 1912 para explicar el impacto de la progresiva especialización caficultora sobre los ciclos de labores agrícolas y sobre la interacción entre productores directos y dueños del capital. Propone algunas posibilidades de análisis comparativo y ciertos referentes de tipo conceptual. • Abstract: The paper discusses in a detailed form the current characteristics of the land use and labor force, in wage form as well as familiar, within different types of productive unities in the area under examination related to the period. It returns to the hypothesis of a previous study on the Antioquia south west between 1850-1912, in order to explain the impact of the progressive coffee specialization over the agricultural cycles and over the interaction between direct producers and capital owners. It suggests some possibilities of comparative analysis and certain related of conceptual order.
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Piedra, Christian Proaño, Solange Resabala Valencia, and Kelly Carlota León Tomalá. "Contribución de las prácticas profesionales en la formación integral, carrera administración de empresas, ULVR Guayaquil-Ecuador / Contribuição de estágios profissionais para a formação integral, licenciatura em administração de empresas, ULVR Guayaquil-Equador." Brazilian Journal of Business 4, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): 880–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34140/bjbv4n2-019.
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Buscar la aplicación de las teorías en la práctica es el compromiso que tiene el educador con su educando, tratar de presentar el producto obtenido en el aula a la sociedad, la formación docente lidia con esa creencia, la cual, es manifestada con mucha frecuencia. La formación teórica en el aula universitaria ha sido por muchos años el privilegiar la formación del estudiante y, esta de manera simultánea una vez cumplido cierto tiempo, debe de ser llevada a la práctica por parte de los estudiantes, en las diferentes áreas de la empresa, de frente a esta necesidad, la formación reflexiva es el sendero que hace posible comprender el vincular la teoría con la práctica profesional. En esa relación mutuamente incluyente, se genera el conocimiento teórico práctico tomar la formación reflexiva como una herramienta hacia una orientación teórica-práctica es pertinente, ya que se busca la aplicación del conocimiento en las áreas designadas para el cumplimiento del periodo de prueba. Hay que tomar en consideración que es importante darle continuidad al proceso de las practicas preprofesionales, demostrando en el ámbito de la práctica que ha conseguido dentro de las aulas el conocimiento necesario, las destrezas y habilidades necesarias, para desempeñar labores dentro de la empresa, no solo en ambientes operativos, sino, en la toma de decisiones y dirección del talento humano.
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Quirós, Luko Hilje. "Naturalistas y científicos extranjeros influyentes en el desarrollo de las ciencias biológicas en Costa Rica." Revista de Biología Tropical 71, S3 (August 24, 2023): e56213. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is3.56213.
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Introducción: Desde los inicios de su vida republicana, el desarrollo de las ciencias biológicas en Costa Rica ha estado muy influido por centenares de naturalistas y científicos extranjeros, quienes han efectuado actividades de exploración, investigación y publicación en relación con su biodiversidad.
Objetivo: Para entender mejor sus contribuciones, en este artículo se hace un recorrido histórico, con énfasis en el último siglo y medio, en cuanto a las motivaciones que atrajeron a estas personas a Costa Rica, así como a sus aportes científicos concretos.
Métodos: Para tratar este tema se definieron seis criterios: a) si fueron residentes o itinerantes; b) si mantuvieron una relación frecuente con Costa Rica; c) si realizaron recolección de especímenes; d) el tipo de publicación y e) si efectuaron docencia o gestión institucional.
Resultados: La información está organizada en seis grandes secciones, estructuradas de manera cronológica, así: los primeros inventarios de la biodiversidad de Costa Rica (1513-1842), el reconocimiento de las ciencias biológicas en la cultura costarricense (1839-1848), la inserción de las ciencias biológicas en la cultura costarricense (1854-1886), la institucionalización de las ciencias biológicas en Costa Rica (1886-1900), Costa Rica como meca para efectuar exploraciones biológicas (1900-1957) y la formación de profesionales en ciencias biológicas (1940-2021).
Conclusiones: Esta periodización nos permite contextualizar los aportes de dichos naturalistas o científicos en el tiempo, así como visualizar de mejor manera los acontecimientos y las circunstancias económicas, sociales y políticas que condicionaron sus labores científicas.
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Ningrum, Melinawati Dwi Cahya, Retno Setyowati, and Emi Widiyanti. "Minat Generasi Milenial terhadap Pekerjaan di Bidang Pertanian di Kabupaten Sukoharjo (Dipayungi oleh Program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka Pembelajaran Studi Agroteknologi 4)." Journal of Integrated Agricultural Socio-Economics and Entrepreneurial Research (JIASEE) 1, no. 2 (February 27, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jiasee.1.2.2023.1-4.
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Most of the population of Sukoharjo Regency have a livelihood as farmers and farm laborers. At this time, almost all the farmers and farm laborers are old farmers. This is due to the phenomenon of aging farmers and reduced youth workforce and the low interest of the millennial generation in work in agriculture. This study aims to find out how the millennial generation is interested in jobs in agriculture and to find out the factors that influence the interest of the millennial generation. The research method used is qualitatively descriptive. The results showed that the millennial generation's interest in working in agriculture in Kartasura District and Bendosari District, Sukoharjo Regency was seen from perception, involvement, attention, and motivation. There are two factors that influence the interest of the millennial generation, namely driving factors and inhibiting factors. The driving factors include inheritance of agricultural land, introduction of agriculture by parents, sharing of knowledge about agriculture by parents, supporting natural resources, encouragement from the government, and being able to open jobs in agriculture. Inhibiting factors include limited agricultural land, non-agricultural work, low social status, no interest in agriculture, no formal education in agriculture, and lack of family income in agriculture.
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Rodríguez Reinoso, Danilo Paul, Holger David Ramírez Armijos, Gustavo Javier Jara Minaya, and Alex Darío Palma Rivera. "Identificación De Peligros Y Evaluación De Riesgos Laborales (Ergonómicos) En Los Procesos Agrícolas Desarrollados En La Granja Experimental Mishili, 2024." Green World Journal 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53313/gwj71102.
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Este análisis investigó los peligros ergonómicos en las labores agrícolas de la Granja Experimental Mishili, aplicando el método OWAS para examinar las posturas de estudiantes y empleados en el cultivo de cacao y plátano. Se realizó una observación directa de las actividades agrícolas, clasificando las posturas según el método OWAS y identificando los niveles de riesgo y las medidas correctivas requeridas. Se identificó que tareas como la preparación del suelo, la siembra, la eliminación de malezas, la cosecha y el procesamiento del cacao implican riesgos ergonómicos que necesitan intervenciones para evitar trastornos musculoesqueléticos. La evaluación subraya la urgencia de optimizar las prácticas laborales mediante herramientas ergonómicas y formación en técnicas de manejo seguro. La discusión resalta el valor de incorporar ergonomía en el diseño de actividades agrícolas y la importancia de educación continua en seguridad laboral para disminuir los riesgos detectados. Comparando con estudios anteriores, se enfatiza cómo las medidas ergonómicas contribuyen significativamente a la reducción de lesiones en agricultura.
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Jamshed, Farhat, Muhammad Arshad, Afzaal Afzal, and Maryam Khalid. "Occupational and Environmental Health Hazards among Agriculture Laborers: An Evidence-Based Study from Punjab, Pakistan." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.319469392.
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Laborers from the agriculture sector have often been victims rather than beneficiaries of the green revolution, technological development, and globalization trends that characterized the 20th century. In recent decades, the laborers working in the agriculture sector have been half of the world’s labor force, with an estimated number of 1.3 billion worldwide, and a majority of them found in developing countries. Adequate balance between agricultural growth and protection from occupational & environmental health hazards is very crucial for the future of the world’s food production and for the sustainability of the sector. The study was conducted in three divisions of Punjab, and primary data was collected through multistage simple random sampling techniques. The interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection. The results revealed that the occupational and environmental circumstances of the laborers were not conducive towards their health and well-being. The agricultural laborers have to face many health hazards, whereas the majority of the laborers were exploited only due to their illiteracy and ignorance about Government policies and laws related to them. A huge proportion of the participants reported chronic health, malnutrition, and socio-economic problems significantly associated with their working environment, amenities and available facilities.
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Jamshed, Farhat, Muhammad Arshad, Afzaal Afzal, and Maryam Khalid. "Occupational and Environmental Health Hazards among Agriculture Laborers: An Evidence-Based Study from Punjab, Pakistan." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.319469392.
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Laborers from the agriculture sector have often been victims rather than beneficiaries of the green revolution, technological development, and globalization trends that characterized the 20th century. In recent decades, the laborers working in the agriculture sector have been half of the world’s labor force, with an estimated number of 1.3 billion worldwide, and a majority of them found in developing countries. Adequate balance between agricultural growth and protection from occupational & environmental health hazards is very crucial for the future of the world’s food production and for the sustainability of the sector. The study was conducted in three divisions of Punjab, and primary data was collected through multistage simple random sampling techniques. The interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection. The results revealed that the occupational and environmental circumstances of the laborers were not conducive towards their health and well-being. The agricultural laborers have to face many health hazards, whereas the majority of the laborers were exploited only due to their illiteracy and ignorance about Government policies and laws related to them. A huge proportion of the participants reported chronic health, malnutrition, and socio-economic problems significantly associated with their working environment, amenities and available facilities.
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Subhashini, Mrs S. "E-Agriculture." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38030.
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Abstract: In current era, modern technologies need to be used in agriculture in india to increase crop productivity because over 70% of the rural people depends upon the agriculture fields. Indian farmers are facing challenges such as crop monitoring, Soil and field analysis , estimation of soil conditions, Fighting infections and pests, irrigation monitoring , need of more human power and money etc., To overcome these agricultural challenges, agricultural drones are used in agriculture. Because of the applications of agricultural drone, it can be used easily where the equipment and labors are difficulty to operate in agricultural fields. To yield better crop quality and preventing fields from any sort of damage , agricultural drones are needed. Agricultural drones have a number of advantages over the more traditional agricultural methods. And moreover data processing applications are becoming less expensive and easier to use due to applications of agricultural drones. In this paper brief discussion about classification and importance of drones , application of agricultural drones, future use of agricultural drones etc., are discussed and finally concluded about the need of using modern technologies in agriculture fields . Keywords: Drones, agricultural drones, crop monitoring, crop spraying, pipeline inspection.
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Jamshed, Farhat, Afzaal Afzal, and Muhammad Arshad. "Socio-Economic Problems of Agricultural Laborers in Punjab (Pakistan)." Journal of Asian Development Studies 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.1.79.
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The development of the agriculture sector is one of the most imperative factors for fulfilling basic human needs, alleviating poverty, boosting shared prosperity, and becoming a significant contributor to national development for most developing countries. Over one billion of the world's labour force is engaged directly and indirectly in this sector, one-third of the world's workforce. Unfortunately, the laborers working in the agriculture sector face multidimensional socioeconomic problems such as poor livelihood conditions, meagre employment circumstances, long working hours, fewer rewards, unavailability of basic safety facilities, remuneration and pitiable nutrition, among others. To understand the contributing factors responsible for socioeconomic problems, this study was conducted in three divisions of Punjab province: Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Dera Ghazi Khan. For this purpose, a multistage simple random sampling procedure was applied to approach the participants. The interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection and validated through pilot testing. The study's findings revealed that the laborers’ employment conditions could have been more conducive while agricultural laborers were receiving lesser wages. The agricultural laborers have to face many health hazards. In contrast, the majority of the laborers were exploited only due to their illiteracy and ignorance about Government policies and laws related to them. Many participants reported chronic socioeconomic problems significantly associated with their working environment, amenities and available facilities.
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Singh, Arshdeep. "Social and Economic Consequences of Agriculture Crises: A Study of Farm Labour in Punjab, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 7 (July 20, 2024): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i72513.
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This study aims to comprehensively analyze the multifaceted socioeconomic challenges faced by agricultural laborers in Punjab, India, stemming from the capitalist agrarian practices introduced during the era of the Green Revolution. It delves into employment patterns, debt burdens, and household conditions to uncover the complex realities these laborers endure. Additionally, the study seeks to fill a significant research gap, as most economists emphasize the problems faced by land-owning farmers, often overlooking the substantial issues confronting agricultural laborers who constitute a large share of the total working population. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this research combines primary data from a comprehensive multidimensional survey with a critical review of secondary literature. The findings from this approach reveal the profound socioeconomic vulnerabilities faced by these laborers. The majority is ensnared in severe debt, grapple with unemployment, and endure substandard living conditions, with many lacking access to basic necessities such as decent housing and sanitation facilities. Due to their limited access to institutional credit facilities, agricultural laborers are forced to seek credit from non-institutional sources at exorbitant interest rates. Shifting cropping patterns in favor of wheat-paddy crop rotation, seasonality of labor, and labor-saving techniques such as extensive mechanization of agriculture and the use of herbicides have resulted in shrinking employment opportunities, further aggravating their economic plight. In response, the study proposes policy recommendations including radical land reforms, strengthening the public distribution system, providing affordable loans, ensuring employment opportunities, and enhancing social welfare measures. Implementing these recommendations is crucial to addressing systemic issues and improving the socioeconomic conditions of agricultural laborers in Punjab.
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Tenorio Manayay, David. "El empleo informal en el Perú: Una breve caracterización 2007-2018." Pensamiento Crítico 25, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/pc.v25i1.18477.
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La tasa de empleo informal es alta (72,4%), constituye el principal problema del mercado laboral en el Perú y se ha mantenido persistente en los últimos años. Existe una correlación positiva entre pobreza e informalidad, lo cual puede entenderse por la menor capacidad adquisitiva de los trabajadores informales. La tasa de empleo informal es mayor en el ámbito rural que en el urbano, que podría explicarse por la presencia de la pequeña agricultura. Por sexo, las mujeres son más vulnerables a aceptar labores en condiciones de precariedad. Asimismo, los trabajadores jóvenes y los adultos mayores tienen más probabilidad de caer en la informalidad. Mientras mayor es el nivel educativo, menores son las tasas de empleo informal. La mayor cantidad de trabajadores informales se encuentra en el grupo de trabajadores independientes, lo que significa que existe un amplio margen y acción para generar políticas públicas en este grupo de trabajadores. La rama de actividad extractiva es la que tiene la más alta tasa de empleo informal. En el caso de los ingresos laborales, existe una gran brecha entre los trabajadores informales y formales, existiendo una relación de 3 a 1 a favor de estos últimos.
JEL: F66.
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Toan, Hua Thi, Trinh Thanh Hai, and Do Trung Kien. "Competence framework of information technology for students of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25509.
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Currently, with the positive impact of information technology (IT), the world’s agriculture is gradually shifting from the traditional agricultural model to the digital agricultural model, creating high productivity, increasing the product value and labor productivity. However, the agriculture with applied digital also requires laborers to be capable of applying IT in the agricultural sector. On the basis of theoretical research, output standards from bachelor training programs in the field of agriculture in the world and Vietnam, along with practical investigation results, the article focuses on two main contents: clarify the content of IT application capacity of a student in the field of agriculture and forestry; building a competence framework and assessment criteria for IT application competence for students in the field of agriculture and forestry. The results of the article are documents for Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry as well as training institutions for bachelors and engineers in agriculture and forestry to refer to in the process of developing training programs, assessing outcomes for students, as well as innovating training methods towards developing learners’ capacity.
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Singh, Vaishnavi, Shubhi Patel, and Rakesh Singh. "Analyzing Gender Disparities in Land Ownership and Wage Rates in Indian Agriculture: An Empirical Study." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 9 (August 1, 2023): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92087.
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The Indian economy relies heavily on agriculture, employing approximately 48 percent of the workforce, including men, women, and children. Women contribute significantly as agricultural workers, and their role is gradually gaining recognition, although certain obstacles persist. This study aims to analyze the trend of women's operational land holdings and average land holding sizes from 1995 to 2016, using secondary data. The findings reveal a negative growth rate in the number of land holdings and average holding sizes for women. This indicates a substantial gap between men and women in terms of land ownership, which hampers women's potential as farmers. It also suggests that women may have limited knowledge about their land rights. Additionally, the study examines wage disparities between male and female laborers across different agricultural tasks. In the realm of sowing, gender inequality was observed, with the highest wage gap occurring in 2005-06 when female earnings were 31 percent lower than those of male laborers. By 2019-20, the disparity had decreased to 17.97 percent. In the case of threshing, the wage gap ranged from 20 percent to 15 percent, indicating a relatively smaller disparity. Overall, women tend to receive lower wages compared to men in various agricultural activities. However, the study reveals a positive trend of increasing wages for female laborers, growing at a faster rate than wages for male laborers over time. Hence, it is crucial to acknowledge and appreciate women's roles in agriculture while addressing the existing gender-based wage gap. Efforts should be made to promote gender equality and empower women in the agricultural sector. This involves tackling disparities in land ownership and improving women's understanding of their land rights. Additionally, it is essential to work towards ensuring fair wage rates for women and implementing equal pay for equal work. By recognizing and addressing these challenges, the agricultural sector can foster gender equality and create a more inclusive and equitable environment for women engaged in farming.
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Vastrad, Jyoti V., Rajashri Kotur, and Shameembanu A. Byadgi. "Occupational Health Hazards of Agricultural Laborers." Journal of Human Ecology 48, no. 3 (December 2014): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906813.
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Arun, Arun. "The Place of Women in Domestic and Agricultural Decision-Making: An Analysis of Gochhi Village in Jhajjar District." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2019): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.4.1.39.
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Women make up around half of India's population and are crucial to expanding the agricultural industry. We may state that women are the foundation of agriculture and related fields. As wage workers, farmers, co-farmers, farm managers, and family carers, women are vital to the agricultural industry. In addition to working in related fields like horticulture, cattle, and fishing, women also cultivate crops. According to the 2011 report by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), there is a greater proportion of women working in the agriculture industry in Asian countries as compared to other regions. Women began collecting seeds from the local plants and growing those that caught their attention regarding food, feed, fodder, fiber, and fuel. According to estimates from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), women generate between 60 and 80 percent of the food in underdeveloped nations. The study's main goal is to examine how women participate in family and agricultural decision-making. Research indicates that women are significant contributors to the decision-making process. 39.47 percent of female agricultural laborers receive assistance from their male partners in using fertilizers, 23.70 percent in purchasing agricultural equipment, and 57.90 percent in altering crop patterns.
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Tridakusumah, Ahmad Choibar, Iwan Setiawan, Adi Nugraha, Ganjar Kurnia, and Yayat Sukayat. "The relations between agricultural land conversion and urban farm workers livelihoods." E3S Web of Conferences 361 (2022): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236103011.
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The conversion of agricultural land for food in urban areas is a real threat to the region food security and availability. On the one hand, the livelihoods of farm workers are increasingly threatened, and it is easy to switch their livelihoods to other sectors. This study aims to examine the relationship between land conversion and farm laborers' household livelihood strategies to survive in urban areas. This study uses a mix methods approach to analyse relation between the macro data about land conversion rate data with the micro farm labor household livelihood strategy in West Java urban region. The results showed that the main livelihood for urban farm laborers could no longer be categorized, because of the fast and easy dynamics of transitioning from agricultural to non-agricultural livelihoods. This study also shows that the government's efforts are still not effective in suppressing the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. The creation of new jobs based on urban agriculture is one solution that needs to be pursued to maintain food availability and the survival of urban farm workers.
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Yang, Yuying, Chuanbo Chen, and Yiying Sun. "Challenges in Chinese Path to Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas: A Comparison With the U.S." Journal of Agricultural Science 16, no. 8 (July 15, 2024): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p15.
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This study establishes, for the first time, an index system for comparing agricultural and rural modernization in China and the United States, which aims to identify key challenges in China’s agricultural and rural development by contrasting indicators from both countries. Overall, China’s current level of agriculture and rural modernization is akin to that of the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, with an approximate time lag of 60 years. China exhibits the largest gap with the U.S. in agricultural modernization and the smallest gap in rural modernization. Three key indicators in China that require improvement compared to the United States are the disposable income of rural residents, the population size supported by each agricultural laborer, and the share of agricultural employment. This research lays down a theoretical foundation and practical strategies for advancing the Chinese path to agriculture and modernization in rural areas.
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Perelman, Michael. "La politique agricole et l’accumulation du capital : Le cas des États-Unis." Études internationales 12, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701158ar.
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Confronted with economic crisis, american agricultural policy since 1970 has been dominated by one priority : the solution of problems associated with other sectors, by saving public agricultural expenses as well as by using exports as a « food weapon ». But this policy does no more than shift the contradictions of american society : it doesn't stop the food/wage spiral and it re-activates the internal tensions of agricultural production. A longer term logic dominates this short term policy: to safeguard the functions of agriculture within the accumulation process. The study emphasizes the function of supplier of labor for other sectors of agriculture. It shows how the american food model, by consuming an irrational amount of ressources, ensures that the labor's supply grows more rapidly than its demande.
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Li, Fulian, and Wuwei Zhang. "Research on the Effect of Digital Economy on Agricultural Labor Force Employment and Its Relationship Using SEM and fsQCA Methods." Agriculture 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030566.
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The development of the digital economy has alternative and complementary effects on employment in the agricultural labor force. While replacing a large part of the agricultural labor force, digital agricultural technology is also expected to create new jobs and multiply the economic development effect. Finally, it will have a large number of positive spillover effects on rural development. To better understand the effects and relationships of digital agriculture on agricultural labor employment in this process, we gathered microdata from 1098 agricultural laborers in 122 counties (cities and districts) of 16 cities in Shandong Province, China. Compared with previous research, the advantage of our study is that structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) are jointly applied to assess the effects of digital agriculture on agricultural labor force employment and the combinatorial path of inter-effect relationships. The analysis results demonstrate that the effects of digital agriculture on agricultural labor force employment mainly include substitution, complementary, flywheel, agglomeration, structural, synergistic, and spillover effects. Through substitution and complementing effects in a chain reaction, which have effects through intermediate links, the first six effects can lead to spillover effects. We determine two modes with a total of eight configurations that can trigger the spillover effect of digital agriculture on agricultural labor force employment. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an effective combination of paths to improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources and promote the diffusion of improved agricultural technologies. If the positive effects of digital agriculture on agricultural labor force employment are reasonably exerted, the development of sustainable agriculture could be accelerated. This would promote the overall development of the agricultural labor force and lead to the revitalization of rural areas and the integration of urban and rural areas.
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Derr, Jennifer L. "LABOR-TIME: ECOLOGICAL BODIES AND AGRICULTURAL LABOR IN 19TH- AND EARLY 20TH-CENTURY EGYPT." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 2 (May 2018): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000028.
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AbstractBeginning in the second decade of the 19th century, Egyptian agriculture began a process of transformation from basin to perennial irrigation. This shift facilitated the practice of year-round agriculture and the cultivation of summer crops including cotton whose temporalities did not match that of the annual Nile flood. One facet of the perennially irrigated landscape was an increase in the prevalence of the parasitic diseases bilharzia (schistosomiasis) and hookworm, the symptoms of which came to constitute normative experiences of the body among those engaged in perennially irrigated agriculture. Male agricultural laborers, who most often performed the work of irrigation, were at the greatest risk of infection. This article considers the significance of agricultural labor in the continuous making and maintenance of perennially irrigated agriculture and the role of parasitic disease in producing temporal experiences of this labor.
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Matabanchoy-Salazar, Johana Madelyn, and Fátima Díaz-Bambula. "Riesgos laborales en trabajadores latinoamericanos del sector agrícola: Una revisión sistemática." Universidad y Salud 23, no. 3 (December 3, 2021): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/rus.212303.248.
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Introducción: Lineamientos establecidos por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), buscan promover alianzas intersectoriales en relación a la salud y seguridad en el trabajo del sector agrícola. Objetivo: Identificar los riesgos laborales y sus consecuencias en la salud de trabajadores de países latinoamericanos a partir de una revisión sistemática en el periodo 2010- 2020. Materiales y métodos: Con base en la guía PRISMA-P, se realizó la búsqueda en tres bases de datos, Scielo, EBSCO y LILACS, con las palabras clave de “salud”, “agrícola” y “agricultura”, en idioma español; “health” “agriculture” y “agricultural” en idioma inglés y “saúde” y “agrícola” para el idioma portugués, con la respectiva definición de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: Se obtuvo 65 artículos en los que se identificó como riesgo ocupacional (RO) prevalente, el riesgo químico seguido del riesgo ergonómico y biológico (contacto con animales), Brasil y Colombia tienen mayor número de publicaciones en torno al tema. Conclusiones: Se realiza una aproximación a los contextos rurales en relación a riesgos laborales y a su vez con la importancia de comprensión desde una mirada estructural de los determinantes de la salud, los cuales se convierten en desafíos para promover la atención de la salud pública.
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Janifar, A. "Problems Faced by Agricultural Landless Laborers in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu: A Status Analysis." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1568.
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India is the second the largest part populous country of the world and has changing socio-economic condition and political demographic and morbidity patterns that have been illustration global thought in current years. Though in recent times enacted MGNREGA, 2005 provides 100 days guarantee of employment in a year, there is great deal of fraud in issuing job cards. Moreover, gather rolls are not maintained accurately and work is not provided to job seekers who really are in need of such support. The problem of agricultural landless laborers is part of the wider problem of unemployment and under-employment in rural areas. Research is primarily a study of how the problems of agricultural workers face. The study is conducted among the farmers in the Parangipettai block in Cuddalore district. Multi-stage purposive sampling method was adopted for selection of the respondents. In this, contexts were selected from 3 select villages of Parangipettai block, Cuddalore district. Size of the primary inclusion is 120. Hence the agricultural landless labourers play an important to role in agriculture sector where the production depends on both the agricultural landless labourers and landowning farmers.
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Thuy, Duyen Dang Thi. "Energy and Agricultural Development in the Red River Delta Provinces, Vietnam." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 4 (July 9, 2023): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14337.
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Agriculture is a traditional industry in Vietnam in general and the Red River Delta in particular. Agriculture has created many jobs and incomes for laborers in the locality and neighboring provinces over the past time. However, the production and consumption of energy such as gasoline, gas, petroleum and fuel in the Red River Delta are concerned and focused by local authorities and people. In particular, they emphasize green agriculture. This study investigates the long-term cointegration relationship between energy production and consumption on agricultural development and local economic growth. The author used long-term data of eleven provinces for calculation. The experimental results demonstrate that the independent variables explain 53.5% of the variation of the dependent variable and the rest (46.5%) can be explained by other causes. The research results show that 4 factors are agricultural labor (La), agricultural revenue (output) (REV), agricultural investment capital (Ia) and production and consumption of petroleum and gas (PE) has a positive impact on agricultural production value. The factor of energy production and consumption (EG) has a negative impact on the value of agricultural production in the Red River Delta. From there, the study proposes ways to use more efficiently the existing energy sources in the Red River Delta.
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Hurst, Peter. "Health and Child Labor in Agriculture." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 2_suppl2 (June 2007): S364—S371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265070282s216.
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Background Seventy percent of child laborers—more than 150 million girls and boys under 18—are agricultural workers. They are harshly exploited, toiling in poor to appalling conditions, performing dangerous jobs with little or no pay, and are deprived of an education. Because children's bodies and minds are still growing and developing, exposure to workplace hazards and risks can be more devastating and long-lasting for them. The line between what is acceptable work and what is not is easily crossed. However, not all work that children undertake in agriculture is bad for them. Age-appropriate, lower-risk tasks that do not interfere with schooling and leisure time are not at issue here. Objectives The goal of this paper is to examine the links between health and child labor in agriculture. It aims to explain why the International Labour Organization's goal of eliminating all of the worst forms of child labor by 2016 will only be possible if more work is done in agriculture. Methods Review of the relevant literature and data on the hazards of child labor and the reasons why agricultural child labor is particularly difficult to tackle. Results Children who work in agriculture are exposed to a large number of health hazards, and yet the problem is particularly difficult to tackle because of the large numbers involved, the young age at which children start to work, the hazardous nature of the work, lack of regulation, invisibility of child laborers, denial of education, the effects of poverty, and ingrained attitudes and perceptions about the roles of children in rural areas. Conclusions Policies for preventing and reducing agricultural child labor should mainstream and integrate child labor issues at the national and international levels with increasing emphasis on poverty alleviation and expanding and improving institutional mechanisms for education, law enforcement, health, and so forth. Cooperation between the International Labour Organization and international agricultural organizations is needed to ensure that child labor in agriculture is a thing of the past.
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Soehardjoepri, Muslichah Erma Widiana, and Mahmudah Enny Widyaningrum. "Business Information Technology Models for Women Farmer Group in Indonesia." Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities 1 (March 25, 2021): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v1i.62.
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The existence of women farmer groups in the use of land for agriculture, such as existing fruit and vegetables, deserves a response to the follow-up, considering that the activities of women farmer groups have great potential. However, the professions as farmers and agricultural laborers, the income of female farmers and agricultural laborers does not necessarily depend on the season. With the ability to manage further processed agricultural products, they can have reliable income and use a marketing system that is adjusted to the times. This research is a model trial with the title "Business Information Technology Models for Women Farmer Group in Indonesia" with the aim of minimizing disparities in the village. By utilizing knowledge, skills and technology, it is hoped that poverty and disparity can be minimized or even eliminated. This research at a macro level provides benefits to stakeholders, namely human resources who supply raw materials, female farmers who are metamorphosed into entrepreneurs, so that domestic and foreign consumers will get superior regional products with high quality.
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Valdiani, Dini, Yogaprasta Adinugraha, and Mariana R. A. Siregar. "Attendance Of Mass Media And Parents In Defining The Value Of Agriculture In The Eyes Of Rural (Case Study of Rural Youth at Horticulture Center in Cianjur Regency)." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v1i1.370.
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The scarcity of human resources in the agricultural sector or the semi-forced involvement of most of agricultural labors due to the unavailability of other alternatives, has resulted in the unoptimized production process. The young peoples attitude toward farmer as a profession and its agriculture activity is affected by three major aspects, i.e. micro aspect (parents, friends, and mass media); messo aspect (the nearby community); and macro aspect (the society). This study investigates the micro aspect in building agricultural values on young people. The study used a descriptive qulitative approach to reveal the reality of value transfer from parents and also mass media to young people in rural area. The study finds that parents particularly the father as the main actor in transferring agricultural values to young people. Television is the most accessed mass media by young people. Young people still have the interest in working in the agricultural sector, not as a main job but as a side job.Keywords: attendance of mass media and parents, value of agriculture in the eyes of rural
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Santos, Mónica, and Armando Almeida. "Agricultura e saúde laboral." Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional 2 (December 31, 2016): S79—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31252/rpso/01.08.2016.
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Singh, Nirmal. "Dalits and Farmers’ Movement in India." Sikh Research Journal 7, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.62307/srj.v7i1.37.
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The farmers and laborers were two primary stakeholders who comprised a majority of protesters at the most recent farmers' movement on the borders of Delhi, the capital of India. While the farmers are mainly the land-owning upper caste communities known as Jats (Sikhs in Punjab and Hindus in other northern states), the laborers belong to generally landless lower castes (referred to as Dalits). The farmers’ movement saw overwhelming use of the slogan Kisan Mazdoor Ekta Zindabad (Long Live the Unity of Farmer and Laborer). Both groups provided strength to the farmers' movement which eventually succeeded in repealing the three farm laws passed by the central government of India. However, the relationship between farmers and laborers has a dark side too. The interests of both groups are opposed to each other’s because Jats want to continue their domination over Dalits, including keeping them underpaid and as bonded laborers. The Dalits are gradually asserting themselves. They hope to become landowners by acquiring villages’ common land that are reserved for Dalit communities. In this essay, I reflect on this point of convergence and divergence in the interests of farmers and laborers and ponder its significance for the organization of agriculture in Punjab.
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Abrell, Elan Louis. "From Livestock to Cell-stock." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 26 (June 30, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2021.26.6943.
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The nascent cellular agriculture industry seeks to produce cell-cultured animal tissue for human consumption. Effectively rendering farmed animals obsolete in food production could mitigate an array of harms inflicted by industrial animal farming on the environment, public health, and human and animal wellbeing, but achieving this outcome is contingent on cellular agriculture entrepreneurs successfully creating a product that closely resembles conventional meat enough to appeal to consumers despite its synthetic origins. This article examines how these politics of resemblance may shape and limit the realization of the industry’s potential benefits. Specifically, it argues that, while cellular agriculture can only realize such benefits through the facilitation of agricultural animal obsolescence, its potential for positive transformations in food production may ultimately be blunted by the degree to which a failure to extend the politics of resemblance from the consumer market to the labor market renders agricultural human laborers obsolete as well.
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A'isyah, Siti. "BURUH TANI DALAM HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA:." MAQASHID Jurnal Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35897/maqashid.v5i1.792.
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Farm labor or peasant is an urgent component in agriculture, farm and animal husbandry or aquaculture. Farm workers or peasants also have unique and different characteristics compared to industrial workers, especially in terms of form and rhythm of work. However, farm workers do not get specific protection in positive law in Indonesia. This article explores the legislation in Indonesia to see the position of farm workers in positive law. The search results, supported by the elaboration of historical facts, show that agricultural laborers in Indonesia do not have a specific legal protection. Meanwhile, the facts of current agricultural developments show that farm workers increasingly need this protection in line with the tendency of agricultural globalization.
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Rai, Abyan. "The Effect of Income of Farmers and Farm Laborers on Agricultural Economic Growth." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 19, no. 02 (December 4, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v19i02.18328.
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The agricultural sector plays an essential role in the economy of a country. This critical role cannot be separated from the main component of the farm sector, namely, farmers. To support economic growth and poverty alleviation through the agricultural industry, the welfare of farmers must be a concern. This study aims to analyze the effect of the income of farmers and farm laborers on agricultural economic growth. The method used is ECM with 24 quarterly data observations. The price index received by farmers approximates farmers' incomes, farm laborers' incomes are approximated by the daily real wages of farm laborers, and agricultural economic growth is approximated by the real GRDP of the agricultural sector. The results showed that the income of farmers and farm laborers during the research period had a positive trend. In the long-term and short-term equation, the payment of farmers and farm laborers has a significant positive effect on the economic growth of the agricultural sector. An increase in the income of farmers and farm laborers also followed the increase in agricultural economic development. These results can be used as a reference for the government to make policies to increase the income of farmers and farm laborers.
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Li, Hui Jing, and Guang Ji Tong. "The Applications of AEI System for Cultivation of Professional Farmer in Agricultural Modernization Process." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.482.
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In the process of agricultural modernization, agriculture will realize its socialized production, and its specialization, collaboration and new technologies in the agriculture industry will give birth to a new group of professional farmers, young farmers will be the main part of those professional farmers. At present, the phenomenon that agricultural labors are successors is becoming more serious, the scientific and cultural quality of farmers is low, and theirs market-oriented awareness is not strong enough, they are lacking of a sense of dignity. Those distress human capitals make it urgent to strengthen the cultivation of young professional farmers ,to form a social environment which is conducive for cultivating young professional farmers ,to build a young professional farmers cultivation and to create the conditions for the conditions for the cultivation of young professional farmers.
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Lima, Joseane, Sueli Rossini, and Rubens Reimão. "Sleep disorders and quality of life of harvesters rural labourers." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 3 (June 2010): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000300008.
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The various kinds of work may interfere in the laborer's quality of sleep. Among the factors, the unemployment caused by the period between the coffee harvests on the agriculture of South Minas may influence the appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms, and it may cause impairments to the quality of life and changes in the rural laborers' pattern of sleep. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the sleep and the effects on the quality of life in the rural laborers in the period between the coffee harvests. METHOD: In the study-group, 40 patients, rural laborers, were evaluated, and in the control-group, 40 patients, fixed laborers. Instruments used: clinical interview, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality, Index Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life. RESULTS: The study-group showed impairment in the quality of the sleep; anxiety and depression signals and symptoms were high in both groups; being them higher in the harvesters laborers; the quality of life presented good levels in both groups, with losses in the domain "social relationship" between the harvesters; the sleep disturbances influenced the appearance of anxiety and depression signs and symptoms, but they did not interfere in the perception of the quality of life. CONCLUSION: The rural laborers that have fixed labors are less exposed to the symptoms of anxiety and depression - along with sleep disorders - than the harvesters laborers. Thus, the study-group's perception of the quality of life is better than the control-group's.
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Vásquez Venegas, Carmen. "América Latina y la salud de los trabajadores." Revista Colombiana de Salud Ocupacional 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/2322-634x/rcso.2.2017.4952.
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Es importante mencionar que el trabajo dignifica al hombre, pues se convierte en un medio para la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas que requiere el trabajador. El trabajo se puede convertir en un problema cuando provoca enfermedades, accidentes e incluso la muerte. Como una consecuencia de no contar con las medidas para prevenir o mitigar los posibles factores de riesgo que estan relacionados con el entorno laboral. Según la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), 2.7 millones de trabajadores mueren anualmente en el mundo por problemas relacionados al trabajo. Cerca de 2.4 millones de muertes se relacionan con las enfermedades originadas por la actividad laboral, y aproximadamente 380,000 trabajadores son derivados por accidentes laborales. En América Latina según la OIT, la información suministrada sobre este problema es parcial debido a que existen sub-registros de los datos. En cifras disponibles se menciona que se presenta una tasa de 11.1 accidentes mortales por cada 100,000 trabajadores de la industria, 10.7 y 6.9 en la agricultura, la minería y la pesca y el sector de servicios respectivamente. Los sectores de la construcción, la agricultura, la minería y la pesca son las actividades económicas que más riesgos laborales presentan.
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Frilia Christin, Betrixia Barbara, and Evi Feronika. "PERANAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP KESEMPATAN KERJA DI KABUPATEN BARITO SELATAN." JOURNAL SOCIO ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL 13, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52850/jsea.v13i2.459.
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The purpose of this study is to know the role of agricultural sector in the absorption of the Labor In South Barito Regency. The data used in this study is secondary data. To answer this purpose, used labor number multiplier, shift share, pure forecast. The result of this Study indicates that the number of labor of agricultural sector in South Barito Regency is 1.6, which means that every increase of 1 labor of agriculture sector, it will open the job opportunity of other economic sector in South Barito Regency as much as 1 to 2 labors.
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Setiartiti, Lilies. "Critical Point of View: The Challenges of Agricultural Sector on Governance and Food Security in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 232 (2021): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123201034.
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This critical review evaluates the agriculture sector’s challenges by assessing the agriculture sector related to government food security policies. The agriculture sector faces many problems, including during 2019 it only grew by 3.08% than the previous year, as the second GDP contributor, although it has the potential to reduce unemployment, it has not been supported by adequate human resources and even tends to degeneration due to the lowest income compared to others. Another serious problem is that every year, there is a reduction of between 150,000 to 200,000 hectares of land due to conversion of function for infrastructure development. As an agrarian country, Indonesian farmers’ welfare has also not changed much from year to year. Farmers Exchange Rate (NTP) in 2019 was 104.46, only growing 1.25% from the previous year. The low wages of agricultural laborers, limited land ownership, agricultural products’ selling price do not benefit the farmers, making their welfare still low. With this phenomenon, Indonesia urgently needs to reform its governance in the agricultural sector, and restore BULOG’s role. Strengthening the Bulog’s role will be able to maintain food price stability and motivate farmers' interest to continue planting rice and various other food commodities.
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Rivera-Licona, César-Stuardo. "Justicia Social Laboral en el Trabajo Agrícola en Honduras." Anduli, no. 22 (2022): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2022.i22.10.
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La erradicación de la pobreza solo es posible mediante empleos decentes. Casi 2.200 millones de personas viven por debajo del umbral de pobreza de 2 dólares estadounidenses, aunque los estados se han planteado como objetivos para 2030 erradicar las principales causas, entre ellas la precariedad laboral, los resultados indican que no se podrán alcanzar para 2030 a menos que se establezcan políticas integrales. El trabajo decente descansa sobre la justicia social laboral, que es el valor jurídico que versa sobre las relaciones entre el trabajador-patrono, sus deberes,derechos, las condiciones necesarias para el desempeño adecuado y eficiente del trabajador, sin sacrificar otros ámbitos de su vida. Como valor juridificado permite la crítica al derecho positivo, orientar la creación, interpretación y aplicación de las normas. Se analizó la organización del trabajo y la empresa agrícola en comunicación con el valor de justicia social laboral positivado en Honduras recurriendo a la modelación teórica de la organización del trabajo agrícola, para extrapolar su relación con el equilibrio jurídico de los factores. Concluyéndose que no considerar la empresa agrícola como un nuevo actor en las relaciones de trabajo favorece la precarización laboral.
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Costa, Alexandre Magno e. Silva, Milca Lopes de Medeiros Pereira Lima Costa, Ricélia Maria Marinho Sales, Rosilene Agra da Silva, Decio Carvalho Lima, Karla da Nobrega Gomes, Milca Lopes de Medeiros Pereira Lima Costa, et al. "Gestação e seus riscos em um contexto de agricultura familiar e sustentabilidade." Revista Coopex. 15, no. 02 (May 16, 2024): 5237–074. http://dx.doi.org/10.61223/coopex.v15i02.913.
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A gestação é um período marcado por intensas mudanças físicas e biológicas, de tal forma, que a mulher vivencia um processo adaptativo que pode sofrer influências diversas, seja por patologias ou condições intrínsecas pregressas e por agentes externos, como a exposição a fatores de risco que possam vir a prejudicar esse processo adaptativo, sobretudo para aquelas que tem suas atividades laborais na agricultura familiar, já que as mulheres do campo assumem papel cada vez mais relevante, tendo em vista a introdução da mecanização e tecnologias, que facilitam as atividades quando não há tanta necessidade de força bruta neste trabalho. Objetiva-se deste modo, verificar a condição de trabalho de mulheres em períodos gestacionais e sua relação com as atividades laborais na agricultura familiar no Assentamento Patativa do Assaré e ainda detectar os riscos mediante a realização das atividades laborais executadas, objetivando também elaborar uma cartilha instrutiva que aponte os cuidados necessários para manter a saúde das mesmas, destacando os meios de prevenção e os riscos oriundos da atividade laboral na agricultura familiar. Assim, no decorrer de sua atividade laboral, as mulheres gestantes da zona rural estão expostas a situações nocivas à saúde do binômio mãe-filho, como: agentes infecciosos, parasitários, radiação solar, ácaros, animais peçonhentos, máquinas, implementos agrícolas, agrotóxicos, ruídos e vibrações, detritos de origem animal e acidentes com ferramentas. O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, de natureza aplicada, quali-quantitativa com uso de um questionário semiestruturado, com respostas objetivas e subjetivas que são analisadas à luz da literatura pertinente. Desta forma, como resultado, tem-se as seguintes características da amostra: são mulheres que enfrentaram a gravidez trabalhando na agricultura, com médio nível de escolaridade, onde a sua alimentação é oriunda de sua própria plantação, adequando-se ao máximo à questão da sustentabilidade na agricultura, institivamente, mesmo com ausência de conhecimentos teóricos, expostas ao alto risco de acidentes de trabalho e susceptíveis a consumir alimentos de origem animal com contaminantes químicos, do tipo antibiótico, que podem trazer mal para a saúde do binômio mãe-filho.
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ZILBERMAN, DAVID, LESLIE LIPPER, and NANCY MCCARTHY. "When could payments for environmental services benefit the poor?" Environment and Development Economics 13, no. 3 (June 2008): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x08004294.
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ABSTRACTSince modification of agricultural production choices in developing countries often provides positive environmental externalities to people in developed countries, payment for environmental services (PES) has become an important topic in the context of economic development and poverty reduction. We consider two broad categories of PES programs, land-diversion programs, where lands are diverted from agriculture to other uses, and working-land programs, where agricultural production activities are modified to achieve environmental objectives. PES programs are generally good for landowners. The distribution of land and land quality is critical in determining poverty impacts. Where ES and agricultural productivity are negatively correlated and the poor own lands of low agricultural quality, they stand to gain from PES programs. Consumers and wage laborers may lose where food supply is inelastic and programs reduce labor demand. Working-land programs may have better distributional effects than diversion programs.
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Moreno, Manuela. "Organización del trabajo en el agro pampeano: análisis sobre la tercerización de labores en empresas de distinto perfil en tres partidos en la provincia de Buenos Aires // Organization of work in the Pampean agriculture: analysis on the outsourcing of work in profile companies in three districts in the province of Buenos Aires." PAMPA, no. 16 (December 13, 2017): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14409/pampa.v0i16.6951.
Full textAbstract:
Las transformaciones recientes y factores estructurales de larga data se han combinado dando lugar a la generación de otras formas de producción en el agro pampeano. En este marco, la tercerización de tareas adquiere una centralidad que no poseían en el pasado. En el presente artículo nos interesa indagar la tercerización de labores en empresas agropecuarias de tres partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires.El trabajo se estructurará, en primer lugar, señalando cuestiones sobre el fenómeno de la tercerización de las labores en el sector; en segundo lugar, se analizarán las explotaciones relevadas diferenciando los distintos perfiles de los productores, las motivaciones y las formas en que se estructuran las dinámicas socio-laborales entre los actores involucrados. Finalmente, se reflexionará sobre la tercerización de labores en el sector, las implicancias que tiene tanto en general como en las empresas en particular partir del análisis de las dimensiones planteadas anteriormente.
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Nuryati, Mariam Nona, Ammir Djono, and Nur Chotimah. "THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN EMPOWERING FAMILY ECONOMY THROUGH AGRICULTURE IN KORO VILLAGE." Interdisciplinary Social Studies 1, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/iss.v1i6.151.
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Background: Women have an important role in life. In modern times, women have roles in various aspects, one of which is agriculture.
Aim: The purpose of this research is to find out (1) the role of women, (2) how the efforts to empower the family‘s economy are carried out by women through agriculture.
Method: This type of research is collection methods namely observation, interviews, and documentation.
Findings: The results of this study indicate (1) the role of women in the village of Ubamoro Koro Bhera village in addition to being a housewife but also as a farm laborer by working on someone else‘s land, (2) the main factors causing women to work are to meet household needs due to low-income husband, (3) wages earned by farm laborers are 5000/hour of work.
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B, Nagesha. "Migration of Agricultural Laborers in Karnataka - A Study." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 1209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.7196.
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