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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural laborers'
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1
Jamshed, Farhat, Afzaal Afzal, and Muhammad Arshad. "Socio-Economic Problems of Agricultural Laborers in Punjab (Pakistan)." Journal of Asian Development Studies 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.1.79.
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The development of the agriculture sector is one of the most imperative factors for fulfilling basic human needs, alleviating poverty, boosting shared prosperity, and becoming a significant contributor to national development for most developing countries. Over one billion of the world's labour force is engaged directly and indirectly in this sector, one-third of the world's workforce. Unfortunately, the laborers working in the agriculture sector face multidimensional socioeconomic problems such as poor livelihood conditions, meagre employment circumstances, long working hours, fewer rewards, unavailability of basic safety facilities, remuneration and pitiable nutrition, among others. To understand the contributing factors responsible for socioeconomic problems, this study was conducted in three divisions of Punjab province: Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Dera Ghazi Khan. For this purpose, a multistage simple random sampling procedure was applied to approach the participants. The interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection and validated through pilot testing. The study's findings revealed that the laborers’ employment conditions could have been more conducive while agricultural laborers were receiving lesser wages. The agricultural laborers have to face many health hazards. In contrast, the majority of the laborers were exploited only due to their illiteracy and ignorance about Government policies and laws related to them. Many participants reported chronic socioeconomic problems significantly associated with their working environment, amenities and available facilities.
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Rai, Abyan. "The Effect of Income of Farmers and Farm Laborers on Agricultural Economic Growth." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 19, no. 02 (December 4, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v19i02.18328.
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The agricultural sector plays an essential role in the economy of a country. This critical role cannot be separated from the main component of the farm sector, namely, farmers. To support economic growth and poverty alleviation through the agricultural industry, the welfare of farmers must be a concern. This study aims to analyze the effect of the income of farmers and farm laborers on agricultural economic growth. The method used is ECM with 24 quarterly data observations. The price index received by farmers approximates farmers' incomes, farm laborers' incomes are approximated by the daily real wages of farm laborers, and agricultural economic growth is approximated by the real GRDP of the agricultural sector. The results showed that the income of farmers and farm laborers during the research period had a positive trend. In the long-term and short-term equation, the payment of farmers and farm laborers has a significant positive effect on the economic growth of the agricultural sector. An increase in the income of farmers and farm laborers also followed the increase in agricultural economic development. These results can be used as a reference for the government to make policies to increase the income of farmers and farm laborers.
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Singh, Arshdeep. "Social and Economic Consequences of Agriculture Crises: A Study of Farm Labour in Punjab, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 7 (July 20, 2024): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i72513.
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This study aims to comprehensively analyze the multifaceted socioeconomic challenges faced by agricultural laborers in Punjab, India, stemming from the capitalist agrarian practices introduced during the era of the Green Revolution. It delves into employment patterns, debt burdens, and household conditions to uncover the complex realities these laborers endure. Additionally, the study seeks to fill a significant research gap, as most economists emphasize the problems faced by land-owning farmers, often overlooking the substantial issues confronting agricultural laborers who constitute a large share of the total working population. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this research combines primary data from a comprehensive multidimensional survey with a critical review of secondary literature. The findings from this approach reveal the profound socioeconomic vulnerabilities faced by these laborers. The majority is ensnared in severe debt, grapple with unemployment, and endure substandard living conditions, with many lacking access to basic necessities such as decent housing and sanitation facilities. Due to their limited access to institutional credit facilities, agricultural laborers are forced to seek credit from non-institutional sources at exorbitant interest rates. Shifting cropping patterns in favor of wheat-paddy crop rotation, seasonality of labor, and labor-saving techniques such as extensive mechanization of agriculture and the use of herbicides have resulted in shrinking employment opportunities, further aggravating their economic plight. In response, the study proposes policy recommendations including radical land reforms, strengthening the public distribution system, providing affordable loans, ensuring employment opportunities, and enhancing social welfare measures. Implementing these recommendations is crucial to addressing systemic issues and improving the socioeconomic conditions of agricultural laborers in Punjab.
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Vastrad, Jyoti V., Rajashri Kotur, and Shameembanu A. Byadgi. "Occupational Health Hazards of Agricultural Laborers." Journal of Human Ecology 48, no. 3 (December 2014): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906813.
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Jamshed, Farhat, Muhammad Arshad, Afzaal Afzal, and Maryam Khalid. "Occupational and Environmental Health Hazards among Agriculture Laborers: An Evidence-Based Study from Punjab, Pakistan." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.319469392.
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Laborers from the agriculture sector have often been victims rather than beneficiaries of the green revolution, technological development, and globalization trends that characterized the 20th century. In recent decades, the laborers working in the agriculture sector have been half of the world’s labor force, with an estimated number of 1.3 billion worldwide, and a majority of them found in developing countries. Adequate balance between agricultural growth and protection from occupational & environmental health hazards is very crucial for the future of the world’s food production and for the sustainability of the sector. The study was conducted in three divisions of Punjab, and primary data was collected through multistage simple random sampling techniques. The interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection. The results revealed that the occupational and environmental circumstances of the laborers were not conducive towards their health and well-being. The agricultural laborers have to face many health hazards, whereas the majority of the laborers were exploited only due to their illiteracy and ignorance about Government policies and laws related to them. A huge proportion of the participants reported chronic health, malnutrition, and socio-economic problems significantly associated with their working environment, amenities and available facilities.
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Jamshed, Farhat, Muhammad Arshad, Afzaal Afzal, and Maryam Khalid. "Occupational and Environmental Health Hazards among Agriculture Laborers: An Evidence-Based Study from Punjab, Pakistan." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.319469392.
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Laborers from the agriculture sector have often been victims rather than beneficiaries of the green revolution, technological development, and globalization trends that characterized the 20th century. In recent decades, the laborers working in the agriculture sector have been half of the world’s labor force, with an estimated number of 1.3 billion worldwide, and a majority of them found in developing countries. Adequate balance between agricultural growth and protection from occupational & environmental health hazards is very crucial for the future of the world’s food production and for the sustainability of the sector. The study was conducted in three divisions of Punjab, and primary data was collected through multistage simple random sampling techniques. The interview schedule was used as a tool for data collection. The results revealed that the occupational and environmental circumstances of the laborers were not conducive towards their health and well-being. The agricultural laborers have to face many health hazards, whereas the majority of the laborers were exploited only due to their illiteracy and ignorance about Government policies and laws related to them. A huge proportion of the participants reported chronic health, malnutrition, and socio-economic problems significantly associated with their working environment, amenities and available facilities.
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Shaw-Taylor, Leigh. "PARLIAMENTARY ENCLOSURE AND THE EMERGENCE OF AN ENGLISH AGRICULTURAL PROLETARIAT." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 3 (September 2001): 640–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701030030.
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It has often been argued that parliamentary enclosure decisively increased the wage dependence of English agricultural laborers, primarily by extinguishing their rights to keep cows on common land. Yet the extent to which laborers had in fact enjoyed common pasture rights has never been demonstrated. This article fills that gap, by documenting the extent of laborers' common rights for ten settlements in the south and east Midlands. It finds that most laborers in these villages did not have common rights prior to enclosure and cannot, therefore, have been proletarianized by their loss.
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Huang, Qiuyi, Xiaoping Zheng, and Ruimei Wang. "The Impact of the Accessibility of Transportation Infrastructure on the Non-Farm Employment Choices of Rural Laborers: Empirical Analysis Based on China’s Micro Data." Land 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060896.
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Non-agricultural employment plays a significant role in alleviating regional poverty. Using the micro data of the China Labor-Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the accessibility of rural transportation infrastructure on the non-agricultural employment choices of rural laborers by using the entropy method and the ordered Logit model. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the accessibility of rural transportation infrastructure and the non-agricultural employment of rural laborers. The study also finds that the laborers participating in non-agricultural employment in villages with good transportation infrastructure will prefer to be employed in nearby locations, and the development of the rural non-agricultural economy is an important reason. Further analysis clearly shows that gender, the family dependency ratio, and rural terrain characteristics affect the choices made by laborers with respect to non-agricultural employment. Based on the research results, focusing on a transportation and industry model and considering the construction of transportation infrastructure as a guide, especially in areas with poor terrain, promoting the development of rural non-agricultural industries can help solve the problem in rural areas and in women’s employment where family members or accompanying personnel are left behind, and can promote the orderly transfer of rural laborers.
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Godo, Yoshihisa, and Tai Wei Lim. "Exportation of Manpower: A Case Study of Chinese Seasonal Laborers in an Agricultural District in Hokkaido." China and the World 03, no. 02 (June 2020): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729320500054.
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Chiebun District in Hokkaido, one of Japan’s largest vegetable- producing districts, has a long history of accepting agricultural laborers from China. Previously, farms in Chiebun District recruited seasonal laborers from the northeastern part of China, where per-capita income is much lower than China’s national average. At that time, the main reason Chinese laborers came to work in Chiebun District was to earn money. However, because of wage increases in China, it became difficult for Chiebun District farms to recruit these seasonal laborers. Around the same time, consumers’ demands for new types of vegetables were increasing in other regions such as Hebei, Henan, and Shandon Provinces, creating the need to train the farmers in these areas. Farms in Chiebun District provide comfortable living and working conditions for Chinese laborers. In return, the Chinese laborers, as indispensable manpower, contribute to the prosperity of the local agricultural industry in Chiebun District. As such, Chiebun District presents a model of a reciprocal relationship between Japanese farms and Chinese seasonal laborers.
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Ningrum, Melinawati Dwi Cahya, Retno Setyowati, and Emi Widiyanti. "Minat Generasi Milenial terhadap Pekerjaan di Bidang Pertanian di Kabupaten Sukoharjo (Dipayungi oleh Program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka Pembelajaran Studi Agroteknologi 4)." Journal of Integrated Agricultural Socio-Economics and Entrepreneurial Research (JIASEE) 1, no. 2 (February 27, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jiasee.1.2.2023.1-4.
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Most of the population of Sukoharjo Regency have a livelihood as farmers and farm laborers. At this time, almost all the farmers and farm laborers are old farmers. This is due to the phenomenon of aging farmers and reduced youth workforce and the low interest of the millennial generation in work in agriculture. This study aims to find out how the millennial generation is interested in jobs in agriculture and to find out the factors that influence the interest of the millennial generation. The research method used is qualitatively descriptive. The results showed that the millennial generation's interest in working in agriculture in Kartasura District and Bendosari District, Sukoharjo Regency was seen from perception, involvement, attention, and motivation. There are two factors that influence the interest of the millennial generation, namely driving factors and inhibiting factors. The driving factors include inheritance of agricultural land, introduction of agriculture by parents, sharing of knowledge about agriculture by parents, supporting natural resources, encouragement from the government, and being able to open jobs in agriculture. Inhibiting factors include limited agricultural land, non-agricultural work, low social status, no interest in agriculture, no formal education in agriculture, and lack of family income in agriculture.
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Singh, Vaishnavi, Shubhi Patel, and Rakesh Singh. "Analyzing Gender Disparities in Land Ownership and Wage Rates in Indian Agriculture: An Empirical Study." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 9 (August 1, 2023): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92087.
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The Indian economy relies heavily on agriculture, employing approximately 48 percent of the workforce, including men, women, and children. Women contribute significantly as agricultural workers, and their role is gradually gaining recognition, although certain obstacles persist. This study aims to analyze the trend of women's operational land holdings and average land holding sizes from 1995 to 2016, using secondary data. The findings reveal a negative growth rate in the number of land holdings and average holding sizes for women. This indicates a substantial gap between men and women in terms of land ownership, which hampers women's potential as farmers. It also suggests that women may have limited knowledge about their land rights. Additionally, the study examines wage disparities between male and female laborers across different agricultural tasks. In the realm of sowing, gender inequality was observed, with the highest wage gap occurring in 2005-06 when female earnings were 31 percent lower than those of male laborers. By 2019-20, the disparity had decreased to 17.97 percent. In the case of threshing, the wage gap ranged from 20 percent to 15 percent, indicating a relatively smaller disparity. Overall, women tend to receive lower wages compared to men in various agricultural activities. However, the study reveals a positive trend of increasing wages for female laborers, growing at a faster rate than wages for male laborers over time. Hence, it is crucial to acknowledge and appreciate women's roles in agriculture while addressing the existing gender-based wage gap. Efforts should be made to promote gender equality and empower women in the agricultural sector. This involves tackling disparities in land ownership and improving women's understanding of their land rights. Additionally, it is essential to work towards ensuring fair wage rates for women and implementing equal pay for equal work. By recognizing and addressing these challenges, the agricultural sector can foster gender equality and create a more inclusive and equitable environment for women engaged in farming.
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Yacoub, Yarlina, and Restiatun Restiatun. "Effect of the farmer term of trade and farmworkers wages on rural unemployment and poverty in Indonesia." Asian Development Policy Review 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2024): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5008.v12i2.4978.
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This study aims to determine the determinants of the welfare of agricultural sector workers who come from poor households in rural areas. The exchange rate of farmers and the wages of farm laborers will affect the level of employment in the agricultural sector, which in turn will affect the level of rural poverty. The methodology used in this study uses a panel data regression model with a recursive equation model. The best model for unemployment estimation is the random effect model, while the best model for poverty estimation is the fixed effect model. The results showed that the daily wage of farm laborers had a significant negative effect on unemployment. This may be due to the fact that higher wages will increase the number of workers who are willing to work in the agricultural sector, so unemployment will fall. While the unemployment variable has a significant positive effect on the level of rural poverty. The practical implication of these research findings is that to reduce poverty in rural areas, efforts from the government are needed to increase the wages of farm laborers, as the government sets minimum wages in the formal sector. The higher daily wages of agricultural laborers will attract unemployed people in villages to work in the agricultural sector.
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B, Nagesha. "Migration of Agricultural Laborers in Karnataka - A Study." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 1209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.7196.
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Barrón Pérez, María Antonieta, and José Manuel Hernández Trujillo. "Productive diversification and agricultural laborers migration in Mexico." Política y Cultura, no. 52 (December 13, 2019): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/nhva4161.
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Tridakusumah, Ahmad Choibar, Iwan Setiawan, Adi Nugraha, Ganjar Kurnia, and Yayat Sukayat. "The relations between agricultural land conversion and urban farm workers livelihoods." E3S Web of Conferences 361 (2022): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236103011.
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The conversion of agricultural land for food in urban areas is a real threat to the region food security and availability. On the one hand, the livelihoods of farm workers are increasingly threatened, and it is easy to switch their livelihoods to other sectors. This study aims to examine the relationship between land conversion and farm laborers' household livelihood strategies to survive in urban areas. This study uses a mix methods approach to analyse relation between the macro data about land conversion rate data with the micro farm labor household livelihood strategy in West Java urban region. The results showed that the main livelihood for urban farm laborers could no longer be categorized, because of the fast and easy dynamics of transitioning from agricultural to non-agricultural livelihoods. This study also shows that the government's efforts are still not effective in suppressing the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. The creation of new jobs based on urban agriculture is one solution that needs to be pursued to maintain food availability and the survival of urban farm workers.
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Halimatus Sakdiyah and M. Taufiq. "ANALISIS PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LAMONGAN." JAE (JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN EKONOMI) 8, no. 2 (July 14, 2023): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/jae.v8i2.20163.
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The amount of labor employed in an economic sector is known as labor absorption. The ability of a region to absorb labor is very important for the success of regional development strategies. So the purpose of this study is to determine and analyze whether there is an effect of agricultural sector GRDP, agricultural land area, real wages of farm laborers, and farmer exchange rates on labor absorption in the agricultural sector in Lamongan Regency using the 2007-2021 time period. The data used is secondary data in the form of time series (annual) obtained from the publication of BPS Lamongan Regency and East Java Province. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with the help of the SPSS data processing computer program. The results found that agricultural sector GRDP, agricultural land area, real wages of farm laborers, and farmer exchange rate together have a positive influence on employment. Variables of agricultural GDP and real wages of farm laborers have a negative influence on employment in the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, agricultural land area and farmer exchange rate have no effect on the absorption of agricultural sector labor in Lamongan Regency.
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Gintiyani, Sri, and P. Setia Lenggono. "PERAN GANDA DAN KONTRIBUSI EKONOMI PEREMPUAN BURUH TANI HORTIKULTURA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA." Jurnal Bioindustri 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 628–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v3i2.726.
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The results of research on women's involvement in supporting agricultural household economic activities in rural areas have encouraged women to perform multiple functions. This dual role is a quite complex problem for women. On the one hand, they have to carry out their functions as wives and mothers, on the other hand, women have to earn a living helping their husbands support the family economy. The objectives of this study were: (1) To describe the allocation of female working time as farm laborers and as housewives; (2) Describing the size of women's income contributions; and (3) Describe how big the family of women agricultural workers has achieved family welfare. The research location was chosen deliberately and using snowball techniques involving 30 respondents as farm laborers with the criteria coming from a complete family (having a husband and income). The main motivation of housewives in rural areas is to leave their domestic sphere, to work as horticultural farm laborers because their husband's income is still insufficient to meet family needs, so he follows the invitation of his colleagues to work. Part-time from their activities as agricultural laborers, the contribution to the total family income reaches 46 percent (not deducted from food allowance) and 45 percent (deducted by food allowance). The percentage of working time spent on productive activities is around 4.21 hours/day, while for reproductive activities it reaches 19.79 hours/day. Meanwhile, from the results of this study, it was also revealed that 78 percent of the families of female agricultural laborers were still in the underprivileged category.
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Peterson-Iyer, Karen. "Human Trafficking, Coercion, and Moral Agency in Agricultural Labor." Theological Studies 83, no. 2 (June 2022): 245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405639221094328.
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The isolation and perceived interchangeability of agricultural laborers places them at risk for trafficking, and coercion often plays a significant role in keeping them at work under unjust circumstances. However, the concept of coercion is narrowly conceived in the public response to trafficking. Coercion is in fact culture-, race-, and gender-specific, and laborers often fall into intersectional forms of exploitation that deeply impinge upon their agency. This article probes the dimensions of agricultural exploitation and more specifically coercion. In so doing, it draws upon conceptions of labor justice and structural sin to reframe the understanding of moral agency implicit within the anti-trafficking conversation.
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Seneduangdeth, Dexanourath, Kiengkay Ounmany, Saithong Phommavong, Kabmanivanh Phouxay, and Keophouthon Hathalong. "LABOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN COFFEE PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v2i1.1362.
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General debate on the issue of labor employment is related to employment opportunity, pattern of labor employment, the contribution to labor employment, and the impact of labor employment on livelihoods. This paper examines labor employment opportunities through different ethnic perspectives, especially labor employment opportunities in coffee production, a non-traditional agricultural export (NTAE) product, as a case. The objectives of this study are to investigate the pattern of labor employment and to examine the impacts of the employment on the labor livelihoods. Qualitative method was applied to collect empirical data in four villages and five coffee planter-exporter companies in Pakxong District, Champasak Province, and Lao Ngam District, Salavanh Province, Lao PDR. Stakeholder consultation was held in relation to promotion of NTAE. Data analysis for this paper includes thematic analysis and narrative method. Findings show that there are many patterns of labor employment in coffee production: daily paid employment, monthly paid employment, and contracting employment. Wage laborers are from different ethnic groups who live in the same village, villages from outside, nearby villages, districts in the same province, and other provinces. Generally, the employment provides laborer with benefits. The laborers receive wage income and other additional benefits from employment in coffee production. The laborers benefit the most from a monthly salary and contracted employment compared to daily paid employment. The monthly paid employment secures employment status, provides additional benefits including welfare schemes such as medical care, accommodation, food provision, and telecommunication fees. The laborers, however, prefer to work as daily labor which provides incentive and is flexible for both the laborers and employers. In addition, migrant laborers experienced some negative impacts on their livelihood while working in a coffee garden such as working long hours, changing living style, and conflict with colleague workers and employers. The study suggests that related public and private agencies have to work closely with the farmers to regulate their workers’ employment conditions to be in line with the national labor code of conduct.
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Soehardjoepri, Muslichah Erma Widiana, and Mahmudah Enny Widyaningrum. "Business Information Technology Models for Women Farmer Group in Indonesia." Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities 1 (March 25, 2021): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v1i.62.
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The existence of women farmer groups in the use of land for agriculture, such as existing fruit and vegetables, deserves a response to the follow-up, considering that the activities of women farmer groups have great potential. However, the professions as farmers and agricultural laborers, the income of female farmers and agricultural laborers does not necessarily depend on the season. With the ability to manage further processed agricultural products, they can have reliable income and use a marketing system that is adjusted to the times. This research is a model trial with the title "Business Information Technology Models for Women Farmer Group in Indonesia" with the aim of minimizing disparities in the village. By utilizing knowledge, skills and technology, it is hoped that poverty and disparity can be minimized or even eliminated. This research at a macro level provides benefits to stakeholders, namely human resources who supply raw materials, female farmers who are metamorphosed into entrepreneurs, so that domestic and foreign consumers will get superior regional products with high quality.
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Jamshed, Farhat, Afzaal Afzal, Asiya Anwar, and Muhammad Arshad. "Precarious Employment and Bonded Labor: Assessment from Agriculture Sector of Punjab (Pakistan)." Journal of Asian Development Studies 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 1220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62345/jads.2023.12.4.99.
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Despite strict constitutional provisions and laws existing against bonded labor, the situation is still plagued by this contemporary form of slavery in Pakistan—the trends of bonded labor historically associated with numerous sectors where laborers have to bear precarious employment circumstances. The International Labor Organization estimates that more than 9.5 individuals are forced to engage in bonded labor due to debt bondage, meager employment opportunities, and the absence of adequate implementation of policies in the South Asian region. The prevalence of bounded labor is the product of unawareness, poverty, unavailability of basic human needs, social exclusion, and, above all, the failure of governments to eliminate the practices. This primary study covers three administrative divisions of Punjab, and data was collected through multistage simple random sampling techniques. The interview schedule was used as a tool of data collection and study findings revealed that a considerable proportion of agriculture laborers worked in bounded circumstances. In contrast, the government's writ regarding implementing bounded labor laws is very poor. Due to this unattended situation, agricultural laborers have to face a large number of issues that become significant reasons for morbidity and mortality every year, especially among women and children belonging to these bounded laborers.
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Declaro-Ruedas, Mary Yole Apple, and Leoniel S. Bais. "COPING STRATEGIES OF THE FARM LABORERS TOWARD FARM MECHANIZATION IN CENTRAL, SAN JOSE, OCCIDENTAL MINDORO." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v4i1.2149.
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This descriptive study was conducted to determine the coping strategies of farm laborers in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro towards farm mechanization. It was conducted at Barangay Central, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, one of the top rice producing barangays in the province. The 123 of the 215 farm laborers listed in the different Kabesilya or farmers labor group were selected using simple random sampling. The farm laborers were engaged in planting and harvesting of rice for at least three years in Central, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. The researcher used an interview schedule in gathering data. The study used descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, and percentage. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation was also used. Result shows that the farm laborers were in their middle aged, literate and with medium household size. The farm laborers generally “agree” that farm mechanization had affected their employment, food security level, education of children, monthly income, and agricultural production operations. The farm laborers “moderately practiced” the different coping strategies to meet the undesired effect of farm mechanization. Further, the “highly practiced” coping strategies were minimizing food expenses and seasonal migration of some household members to find odd jobs. Moreover, years spent in formal education and household size has a significant relationship on the extent of which farm laborers experience the effect of farm mechanization. Years spent in formal education have significant relationship on the coping strategies employed by farm laborers on advent of farm mechanization in the area.
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Smirnova, R. "Peasant and agricultural laborers in the Belarus Rural Communities Structure." Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, no. 4 (April 2019): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013216250004020-5.
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Alston, Lee J., and T. J. Hatton. "The Earnings Gap Between Agricultural and Manufacturing Laborers, 1925–1941." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 1 (March 1991): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700038377.
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We estimate the monthly and hourly earnings ratio between agricultural and manufacturing laborers, adjusting for compensation received in-kind and differences in the cost of living. Our results indicate that prior to the Great Depression, agricultural compensation was similar to that in manufacturing within geographic regions, and a substantial earnings gap in favor of manufacturing emerged in the early thirties.
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Chikkala, Kranthi Kumar. "Socio-economic Impact of Tobacco Cultivation on Dalit Agricultural Laborers." Journal of Developing Societies 31, no. 1 (March 2015): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x14562939.
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Janifar, A. "Problems Faced by Agricultural Landless Laborers in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu: A Status Analysis." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1568.
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India is the second the largest part populous country of the world and has changing socio-economic condition and political demographic and morbidity patterns that have been illustration global thought in current years. Though in recent times enacted MGNREGA, 2005 provides 100 days guarantee of employment in a year, there is great deal of fraud in issuing job cards. Moreover, gather rolls are not maintained accurately and work is not provided to job seekers who really are in need of such support. The problem of agricultural landless laborers is part of the wider problem of unemployment and under-employment in rural areas. Research is primarily a study of how the problems of agricultural workers face. The study is conducted among the farmers in the Parangipettai block in Cuddalore district. Multi-stage purposive sampling method was adopted for selection of the respondents. In this, contexts were selected from 3 select villages of Parangipettai block, Cuddalore district. Size of the primary inclusion is 120. Hence the agricultural landless labourers play an important to role in agriculture sector where the production depends on both the agricultural landless labourers and landowning farmers.
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Wahyuni, Dwi. "Analisis Sistem Pengupahan “Bawon” Pada Pertanian Padi (Studi Kasus Pada Petani Di Desa Gambar Kecamatan Wonodadi Kabupaten Blitar)." JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Perbankan) 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jbmp.v2i2.1097.
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As an agricultural country, agricultural sector plays an important role in the Indonesia economic life, especially in rural areas. Farm laborers as one component of the agricultural sector, have a considerable contribution in determining the success of this sector. But there are unique facts occur in Blitar Regency, one of which happened in Gambar, Wonodadi District, Blitar Regency related to wage system called "bawon" system when harvesting rice. The "bawon" system is a profit-sharing system given to farm laborers working on a patch of land from the start of the rice planting to the harvest, whose share of income depends on the area of cultivated land and the number of harvest yields. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Bawon system that is still done between the landowners and farm workers in the Village Picture District Wonodadi Blitar. This research used descriptive explorative statistical approach to provide an in-depth description of the Bawon system. To analyze the data obtained, the researchers used Component Analysis (Componential Analysis) technique, in which the researcher attempted to sort and illustrate the differences found in the data obtained from the field. The results showed that farm laborers earn 20% of the total grain yield when finished harvesting the crops, while 80% is the land owner's.
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Ahad, Md Abdul, Yvonne Karen Parry, Eileen Willis, and Shahid Ullah. "Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with the Psychological Maltreatment and Neglect of Child Laborers in Rural Bangladesh." Health & Social Care in the Community 2024 (April 8, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/1085111.
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Globally, child labor and maltreatment are considered serious public health concerns. Many child laborers in the informal sector are subjected to psychological abuse and neglect that is often akin to slavery. Our study examined the prevalence of these two forms of maltreatment among child laborers in rural Bangladesh, as well as the associated risk factors. Based on the snowball sampling technique, this study surveyed 100 child laborers employed in agricultural and domestic work in rural areas of the Sunamganj district, Bangladesh. The structured questionnaire utilizes the ICAST-CH instrument. To analyze the data, both simple and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using two statistical software packages, SPSS and STATA. The study concluded that more than half of the child laborers have experienced psychological maltreatment “sometimes” in the form of being screamed at and insulted over the past year. In the past year, over 40% of respondents indicated they were “sometimes” deprived of food and drink and were not well cared for when they became ill. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that parents of psychologically maltreated child laborers had low educational backgrounds. A higher risk of neglect was observed among child laborers who worked for extended hours for their employers and whose families possessed limited land. In spite of the high prevalence of psychological maltreatment and neglect of child laborers in Bangladesh, the issue appears to be ignored. More comprehensive and rigorous scientific studies are required to bring about policy change.
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Ayehu, Animen, Yibeltal Aschale, Wossenseged Lemma, Animut Alebel, Ligabaw Worku, Ayalew Jejaw, and Abebe Genetu Bayih. "Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Parasitology Research 2018 (November 28, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5751743.
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Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.
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A'isyah, Siti. "BURUH TANI DALAM HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA:." MAQASHID Jurnal Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35897/maqashid.v5i1.792.
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Farm labor or peasant is an urgent component in agriculture, farm and animal husbandry or aquaculture. Farm workers or peasants also have unique and different characteristics compared to industrial workers, especially in terms of form and rhythm of work. However, farm workers do not get specific protection in positive law in Indonesia. This article explores the legislation in Indonesia to see the position of farm workers in positive law. The search results, supported by the elaboration of historical facts, show that agricultural laborers in Indonesia do not have a specific legal protection. Meanwhile, the facts of current agricultural developments show that farm workers increasingly need this protection in line with the tendency of agricultural globalization.
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Alfan Jamil Efendi, Fiyoga Bayu Saputra, and Rama Dwi Rendra Graha. "Hubungan Kerja Petani dan Buruh Tani dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan di Desa Klompangan, Ajung, Jember." Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora 3, no. 4 (November 20, 2023): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/khatulistiwa.v3i4.2435.
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This research focuses on the employment contract relationship between land-owning farmers and farm workers in Klompangan Village, Ajung District. The goal is to understand how land ownership and management structures affect life and the economy of both. Agriculture in Klompangan Village acts as a provider of employment and a source of income, as well as an important element in the social and economic structure. The research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies, involving field observations and in-depth interviews with farmers who own land and farm workers. The research results show a symbiotic relationship between the two. Farmers who own land need farm laborers to work on land they cannot work on themselves, while farm laborers need access to the land to earn income. This mutual dependence affects the well-being and economy of both, including income, living conditions, and job security. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide insight into how agricultural workers can prosper with fair wage distribution and cooperation between both parties in the rural agricultural sector, which contributes to stability and shared prosperity.
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Derr, Jennifer L. "LABOR-TIME: ECOLOGICAL BODIES AND AGRICULTURAL LABOR IN 19TH- AND EARLY 20TH-CENTURY EGYPT." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 2 (May 2018): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000028.
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AbstractBeginning in the second decade of the 19th century, Egyptian agriculture began a process of transformation from basin to perennial irrigation. This shift facilitated the practice of year-round agriculture and the cultivation of summer crops including cotton whose temporalities did not match that of the annual Nile flood. One facet of the perennially irrigated landscape was an increase in the prevalence of the parasitic diseases bilharzia (schistosomiasis) and hookworm, the symptoms of which came to constitute normative experiences of the body among those engaged in perennially irrigated agriculture. Male agricultural laborers, who most often performed the work of irrigation, were at the greatest risk of infection. This article considers the significance of agricultural labor in the continuous making and maintenance of perennially irrigated agriculture and the role of parasitic disease in producing temporal experiences of this labor.
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Bansa, Rachana Kumari V., Jignesh Macwan, Ganga Devi, and K. S. Jadav. "Income, Employment and Consumption Pattern of Agricultural Laborers in Central Gujarat." Indian Journal of Economics and Development 12, no. 1a (2016): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2322-0430.2016.00068.8.
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Kouser, Shahzad, Abedullah, and Matin Qaim. "Bt cotton and employment effects for female agricultural laborers in Pakistan." New Biotechnology 34 (January 2017): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.05.004.
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Perrotta, D. "Agricultural Day Laborers in Southern Italy: Forms of Mobility and Resistance." South Atlantic Quarterly 114, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-2831632.
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Hurst, Peter. "Health and Child Labor in Agriculture." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 2_suppl2 (June 2007): S364—S371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265070282s216.
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Background Seventy percent of child laborers—more than 150 million girls and boys under 18—are agricultural workers. They are harshly exploited, toiling in poor to appalling conditions, performing dangerous jobs with little or no pay, and are deprived of an education. Because children's bodies and minds are still growing and developing, exposure to workplace hazards and risks can be more devastating and long-lasting for them. The line between what is acceptable work and what is not is easily crossed. However, not all work that children undertake in agriculture is bad for them. Age-appropriate, lower-risk tasks that do not interfere with schooling and leisure time are not at issue here. Objectives The goal of this paper is to examine the links between health and child labor in agriculture. It aims to explain why the International Labour Organization's goal of eliminating all of the worst forms of child labor by 2016 will only be possible if more work is done in agriculture. Methods Review of the relevant literature and data on the hazards of child labor and the reasons why agricultural child labor is particularly difficult to tackle. Results Children who work in agriculture are exposed to a large number of health hazards, and yet the problem is particularly difficult to tackle because of the large numbers involved, the young age at which children start to work, the hazardous nature of the work, lack of regulation, invisibility of child laborers, denial of education, the effects of poverty, and ingrained attitudes and perceptions about the roles of children in rural areas. Conclusions Policies for preventing and reducing agricultural child labor should mainstream and integrate child labor issues at the national and international levels with increasing emphasis on poverty alleviation and expanding and improving institutional mechanisms for education, law enforcement, health, and so forth. Cooperation between the International Labour Organization and international agricultural organizations is needed to ensure that child labor in agriculture is a thing of the past.
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Toan, Hua Thi, Trinh Thanh Hai, and Do Trung Kien. "Competence framework of information technology for students of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25509.
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Currently, with the positive impact of information technology (IT), the world’s agriculture is gradually shifting from the traditional agricultural model to the digital agricultural model, creating high productivity, increasing the product value and labor productivity. However, the agriculture with applied digital also requires laborers to be capable of applying IT in the agricultural sector. On the basis of theoretical research, output standards from bachelor training programs in the field of agriculture in the world and Vietnam, along with practical investigation results, the article focuses on two main contents: clarify the content of IT application capacity of a student in the field of agriculture and forestry; building a competence framework and assessment criteria for IT application competence for students in the field of agriculture and forestry. The results of the article are documents for Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry as well as training institutions for bachelors and engineers in agriculture and forestry to refer to in the process of developing training programs, assessing outcomes for students, as well as innovating training methods towards developing learners’ capacity.
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Arun, Arun. "The Place of Women in Domestic and Agricultural Decision-Making: An Analysis of Gochhi Village in Jhajjar District." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2019): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.4.1.39.
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Women make up around half of India's population and are crucial to expanding the agricultural industry. We may state that women are the foundation of agriculture and related fields. As wage workers, farmers, co-farmers, farm managers, and family carers, women are vital to the agricultural industry. In addition to working in related fields like horticulture, cattle, and fishing, women also cultivate crops. According to the 2011 report by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), there is a greater proportion of women working in the agriculture industry in Asian countries as compared to other regions. Women began collecting seeds from the local plants and growing those that caught their attention regarding food, feed, fodder, fiber, and fuel. According to estimates from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), women generate between 60 and 80 percent of the food in underdeveloped nations. The study's main goal is to examine how women participate in family and agricultural decision-making. Research indicates that women are significant contributors to the decision-making process. 39.47 percent of female agricultural laborers receive assistance from their male partners in using fertilizers, 23.70 percent in purchasing agricultural equipment, and 57.90 percent in altering crop patterns.
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ZILBERMAN, DAVID, LESLIE LIPPER, and NANCY MCCARTHY. "When could payments for environmental services benefit the poor?" Environment and Development Economics 13, no. 3 (June 2008): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x08004294.
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ABSTRACTSince modification of agricultural production choices in developing countries often provides positive environmental externalities to people in developed countries, payment for environmental services (PES) has become an important topic in the context of economic development and poverty reduction. We consider two broad categories of PES programs, land-diversion programs, where lands are diverted from agriculture to other uses, and working-land programs, where agricultural production activities are modified to achieve environmental objectives. PES programs are generally good for landowners. The distribution of land and land quality is critical in determining poverty impacts. Where ES and agricultural productivity are negatively correlated and the poor own lands of low agricultural quality, they stand to gain from PES programs. Consumers and wage laborers may lose where food supply is inelastic and programs reduce labor demand. Working-land programs may have better distributional effects than diversion programs.
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Zhang, Jie, Meiqiu Chen, Chang Huang, and Zhaohao Lai. "Labor Endowment, Cultivated Land Fragmentation, and Ecological Farming Adoption Strategies among Farmers in Jiangxi Province, China." Land 11, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050679.
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A deeper understanding of the factors that influence the ecological farming adoption strategies of farmers can help in developing effective adaptation measures to mitigate the degradation of cultivated land quality and ecological degradation. This study used a stratified random sampling technique to select 1488 households in Jiangxi Province, while the double-hurdle model was used to analyze the influence of labor endowments (LEs) and cultivated land fragmentation (CLF) on ecological farming decision-making. The results indicate that LEs and CLF play important roles in farmers’ decision-making with regard to ecological farming. To be more specific, the total household population and CLF have negative effects on adoption willingness, while the number of laborers has a positive effect. For the degree of adoption, the total household population has a negative effect, while the number of laborers and part-time employment have positive effects. In addition, farmers’ ecological farming behavior is also influenced by factors such as education, agricultural income, cooperatives, and agricultural subsidies. Overall, farmers have a high willingness to adopt ecological farming, but the degree of actual adoption is low. This is not conducive to the promotion of ecological farming techniques and the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The study proposes that the government should further improve financial investment and provide relevant technical services. In addition, a temporary work platform should be set up for farmers to encourage them to find other work during the agricultural low season.
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Burnette, Joyce. "Labourers at the Oakes: Changes in the Demand for Female Day-Laborers at a Farm near Sheffield During the Agricultural Revolution." Journal of Economic History 59, no. 1 (March 1999): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700022282.
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The wage book of a Derbyshire farm, which includes payments to laborers for 1772 to 1775 and 1831 to 1845, allows me to examine the employment patterns of male and female day-laborers at this farm before and after important innovations in agriculture. I find a fall in relative female employment which appears to be due to a fall in demand. Male employment shifted to the spring, but female employment maintained the same seasonal pattern. These seasonal and sexual shifts in the demand for labor probably resulted from the changes in animal husbandry that followed enclosure.
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Nez, Thomas J. "Laborers Lost in The Grapes of Wrath." Steinbeck Review 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/steinbeckreview.19.1.0067.
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Abstract Readers might consider redirecting their attention from the text’s critique of exploitation to focus more carefully on Steinbeck’s disclosure of labor’s increasing redundancy under conditions of industrialized production. For the novel situates unemployment as a result of capitalist accumulation. Through their historical exploration of the Great Depression’s impact on agricultural industry in the United States, Steinbeck’s interchapters specifically position a diminishing demand for labor as an entailment of capital’s accelerated investment in machinery.
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Regan, Joe. "Irish Canallers and the Second Slavery in the Lower Mississippi Valley." Agricultural History 96, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-9825290.
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Abstract This article explores the lower Mississippi valley's antebellum history to uncover the role of Irish immigrant laborers in the riverine economy of the Cotton Kingdom. In particular, this article examines the experience of Irish laborers as canallers and ditchers on plantations and internal improvement projects, which drew thousands of Irish immigrants into the interior of the Mississippi valley in the decades before the American Civil War. Scholars will better understand the experience of these Irish laborers through the lens of “the second slavery,” which helps point the way to a broader comprehension of the employment of free labor in the antebellum South. This article demonstrates that Irish immigrants were a manifestation of the labor demands of the second slavery, and through their toil, they helped ensure that US cotton reached the global market.
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Thuy, Duyen Dang Thi. "Energy and Agricultural Development in the Red River Delta Provinces, Vietnam." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 4 (July 9, 2023): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14337.
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Agriculture is a traditional industry in Vietnam in general and the Red River Delta in particular. Agriculture has created many jobs and incomes for laborers in the locality and neighboring provinces over the past time. However, the production and consumption of energy such as gasoline, gas, petroleum and fuel in the Red River Delta are concerned and focused by local authorities and people. In particular, they emphasize green agriculture. This study investigates the long-term cointegration relationship between energy production and consumption on agricultural development and local economic growth. The author used long-term data of eleven provinces for calculation. The experimental results demonstrate that the independent variables explain 53.5% of the variation of the dependent variable and the rest (46.5%) can be explained by other causes. The research results show that 4 factors are agricultural labor (La), agricultural revenue (output) (REV), agricultural investment capital (Ia) and production and consumption of petroleum and gas (PE) has a positive impact on agricultural production value. The factor of energy production and consumption (EG) has a negative impact on the value of agricultural production in the Red River Delta. From there, the study proposes ways to use more efficiently the existing energy sources in the Red River Delta.
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Abrell, Elan Louis. "From Livestock to Cell-stock." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 26 (June 30, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2021.26.6943.
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The nascent cellular agriculture industry seeks to produce cell-cultured animal tissue for human consumption. Effectively rendering farmed animals obsolete in food production could mitigate an array of harms inflicted by industrial animal farming on the environment, public health, and human and animal wellbeing, but achieving this outcome is contingent on cellular agriculture entrepreneurs successfully creating a product that closely resembles conventional meat enough to appeal to consumers despite its synthetic origins. This article examines how these politics of resemblance may shape and limit the realization of the industry’s potential benefits. Specifically, it argues that, while cellular agriculture can only realize such benefits through the facilitation of agricultural animal obsolescence, its potential for positive transformations in food production may ultimately be blunted by the degree to which a failure to extend the politics of resemblance from the consumer market to the labor market renders agricultural human laborers obsolete as well.
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Patel, Naveendra Kumar, and Asif Beg. "Effect of the Physiological Parameters of Different Age Group Workers on Hoe Weeder." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 5 (March 8, 2024): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52359.
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Research was done on the influence of physiological characteristics of different age groups on the hoe weeder at an agriculture working field (10 x 10 m2). Physiological indicators such as heart rate, oxygen consumption rate, and energy expenditure rate of workers of various ages (21–24, 25-28, 29–32, and 33–36 years) were measured while working on a hoe weeder in an agricultural field. Age-related increases in heart rate, oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure were seen among agricultural laborers in a 10 × 10 m2 field. The heart rate, oxygen consumption rate, and energy expenditure rate of those aged 21 to 24 were found to be the lowest while working on a hoe or weeder in an agricultural field. The physiological characteristics of the age group operator of 33–36 years were determined to be the same.
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Siders, Rebecca J., and Anna V. Andrzejewski. "The House and Garden: Housing Agricultural Laborers in Central Delaware, 1780-1930." Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture 7 (1997): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514390.
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Núñez Vera, Miriam, Ana Fabiola Camacho Morales, and Alejandra Rentería Cárdenas. "Gender inequality and agricultural female laborers in the agroindustry in Michoacán, México." Revista de Geografía Agrícola, no. 71 (October 11, 2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rga.2023.71.7.
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El creciente número de mujeres que ingresan al mercado de trabajo en las agroindustrias se encuentra marcado por la desigualdad de género. La nueva expresión de la economía neoliberal para ellas se traduce en jornadas interminables, condiciones de explotación, aumento de la economía del cuidado y renovación de la subordinación. Las investigaciones sobre las transformaciones rurales, la inserción de nuevas empresas y la perspectiva de las mujeres, permite el conocimiento de los procesos de producción, las relaciones sociales y sus significados en las regiones.La investigación analiza tres casos de estudio con jornaleras agrícolas en Michoacán, México. Estado que ocupa los primeros lugares en producción de berries, limón, hortalizas y presenta una demanda creciente para el mercado de exportación. La producción tiene importantes aportaciones en divisas y generación de empleos, pero poco da cuenta de las trabajadoras rurales y sus formas de vida. La reflexión incluyó el abordaje de las dinámicas comunitarias y la degradación de los recursos, que permitió la comprensión de sus situaciones.Las condiciones laborales y de vida para ellas, son de remuneraciones más bajas que las que perciben los hombres, no cuentan con prestaciones ni servicio médico, viven en niveles de pobreza, sin acceso a vivienda, ni servicios básicos, ni educación y con expresiones de violencia que las limita en sus derechos, las mantiene excluidas de los diferentes espacios y las margina.
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Ciniero, Antonio. "Ethnography of exploitation in seasonal agricultural labor. The case of Bulgarian Roma laborers in Apulia, Southern Italy." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 168 (April 2024): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2024-168010.
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This paper analyses a case of severe labour exploitation, involving a group of Bulgarian fruit and vegetable pickers of Roma origin employed in the seasonal harvest, especially of tomatoes, in the Foggia area involved in a 10-year cycle of seasonal migration between Italy and Bulgaria. The essay presents the general characteristics and factors affecting the form of extreme exploitation in farm work in Italy and reconstructs the working conditions and migration trajectories of this group of farm laborers of Roma origin to see how ethnicity, widespread anti-Gypsyism, and forms of extreme social exclusion accentuate the dynamics of labor exploitation. This group experiences the most intense forms of exploitation on the ground compared to other exploited foreign laborers. The case study is based on ethnographic that lasted about 2 years and interviews with privileged witnesses.
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Novitasari, Novitasari. "POLA SISTEM PENGUPAHAN BAWON BURUH TANI PADA MASA MUSIM PANEN: TINJAUAN ANALISIS KUALITATIF." JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 14, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v14i3.24486.
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This study aims to analyze the pattern of the bawon wage system for farm laborers during the rice harvest season in Selopuro Village. The research location is in Selopuro Village, Selopuro District, Blitar Regency. This study uses a qualitative method. The analytical method used is descriptive method. The results showed that in the wage system pattern of agricultural laborers in the rice harvest season in the form of bawon which was accompanied by a wage sharing payment in the form of giving rice or unhulled rice. In the implementation, the rice harvest is carried out in groups and the performance of farm works is carried out well. The reason for using the bawon wage system in Selopuro Village, Blitar Regency is that the community wants to preserve the tradition, maintain the value of mutual cooperation so that it remains today, and in the bawon wage system it is able to provide benefits for farms workers and landowners so that the bawon wage system remains there is. Meanwhile, the participation of farm workers in the Bawon wage system is carried out in a way that is full of enthusiasm and hard work in harvesting rice. The Bawon wage system pattern is able to have positive and negative impacts because it has advantages and disadvantages, especially for rice field owners and agricultural laborers.