Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural innovations China'
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1
Huang, Zuhui, and Qiao Liang. "Agricultural organizations and the role of farmer cooperatives in China since 1978: past and future." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2017-0189.
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Purpose During the past four decades, agriculture and rural development in China has scored a great progress. Organization institution in agriculture is one of the domains with drastic innovations. The purpose of this paper is to map the emergence and evolution of various agricultural organizations in China since 1978. Development status and the trend of agricultural organization system are analyzed. Further, the role of farmer cooperatives is discussed. Design/methodology/approach Data used in the paper are mainly from statistical yearbooks and documents published by the government including Ministry of Agriculture and Bureau of Industry and Commercial. Both descriptive and deductive analyses are adopted to achieve different analytical purposes. Findings The vast small-farm sector, co-existence of various types of organizations, and innovation of other organizations will continue and sustain for a long-time period in China. Despite the fast development of modern farmers and various organizations, it is important that traditional farmers participate effectively in modern agriculture. Farmers act collectively via a cooperative in a desirable way, which determines the central position of farmer cooperatives in the agricultural organization system. Research limitations/implications This paper is a qualitative analysis on agricultural organizations in China, yet no quantitative estimation regarding the comparison of various organizations is conducted due to insufficient data. Originality/value This paper fills the gap of a comprehensive review of the emergence, development status, and trend of agricultural organizations in China.
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Cai, Jinyang, Ruifa Hu, Jikun Huang, and Xiaobing Wang. "Innovations in genetically modified agricultural technologies in China’s public sector." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2016-0170.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess whether China’s public sector can continue to generate advanced genetically modified (GM) technologies that will be competitive in the market. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigated all the research teams that have been conducting research projects under the variety development special program. The data collected include detail information on research capacity, research areas, performance, and process of their research projects. Based on the survey data, the authors assessed the innovations and progress of the variety development special program. Findings Unlike other countries, most GM products in China are developed by public research institutes. There is rising concern on the ability of China’s public sector to continuously generate indigenous GM technology that can compete with multinational companies. The study surveyed 197 research institutes and 487 research teams and found that the GM program in China lacks coordination: researchers do not want to share their research materials with others. Due to the lack of coordination, most of the hundreds of research teams often worked independently in the year 2008-2010. Moreover, the authors found the lack of coordination may be due to the reason that the interests of researchers are not well protected. This paper also provided the recent progress and policy changes of GM program in China, and it found that the efficiency in the later three years improved a lot. In order to establish a competitive national public GM research system, China should continuously consolidate and integrate the upstream, midstream, and downstream activities of the whole GM innovation process. China’s public sector may also need to work more closely with both the domestic and international private sectors. Originality/value This paper is a comprehensive analysis on the development of transgenic technology in China. The results of this paper can provide evidence for the dynamic adjustment of the policies in the variety development special program and can also provide reference for the future assessment of the variety development special program.
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Cheng, Long, Shiyuan Zhang, Xuming Lou, Jie Huang, Fangping Rao, and Rui Bai. "How Does Tie Strength Dispersion within Inter-Organizational Networks Affect Agricultural Technological Innovation? Evidence from China." Land 10, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070717.
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Agricultural technology is key to ensuring food security. Innovation in agricultural technology plays a vital role in increasing national food production. Collaborative innovation has become an essential form of technological innovation in the new era. Although there has been a large body of literature exploring the influencing factors on technological innovation, how tie strength dispersion within inter-organizational networks affects agricultural technological innovation has not been systematically studied. In this research, we use a cooperative network to investigate how relational divisive faultlines caused by the uneven distribution of the strength of inter-organizational relationships affects agricultural technological innovation through the subgroup structure, and the moderating role of position embeddedness. This article uses the Derwent Innovations Index to select agricultural technology joint patent applications from 2000 to 2018 to build a cooperation network, and uses multiple linear regression to conduct an empirical analysis. The empirical results show that the relational divisive faultlines have a positive effect on the subgroup structure. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the subgroup structure and agricultural technological innovation. The initial stage of subgroup formation can transmit the information between the subgroups in time and promote the efficiency of agricultural technological innovation. However, as the degree of subgroup cohesion increases, the phenomenon of “in-group” and “out-of-group” will be formed, which will inhibit information exchange, having a negative impact on agricultural technological innovation. In addition, positional embeddedness has a significant positive moderating effect between relational divisive faultlines and agricultural technological innovation. This research provides a theoretical basis for understanding how the overall network relationship strength distribution affects technological innovation by exploring the micro-process of the structural changes of the cooperation network. Moreover, it has specific guiding significance for the organization to participation in a cooperation network to improve the efficiency of agricultural technological innovation.
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Khan, Tamoor, Hafiz Husnain Raza Sherazi, Mubashir Ali, Sukumar Letchmunan, and Umair Muneer Butt. "Deep Learning-Based Growth Prediction System: A Use Case of China Agriculture." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081551.
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Agricultural advancements have significantly impacted people’s lives and their surroundings in recent years. The insufficient knowledge of the whole agricultural production system and conventional ways of irrigation have limited agricultural yields in the past. The remote sensing innovations recently implemented in agriculture have dramatically revolutionized production efficiency by offering unparalleled opportunities for convenient, versatile, and quick collection of land images to collect critical details on the crop’s conditions. These innovations have enabled automated data collection, simulation, and interpretation based on crop analytics facilitated by deep learning techniques. This paper aims to reveal the transformative patterns of old Chinese agrarian development and fruit production by focusing on the major crop production (from 1980 to 2050) taking into account various forms of data from fruit production (e.g., apples, bananas, citrus fruits, pears, and grapes). In this study, we used production data for different fruits grown in China to predict the future production of these fruits. The study employs deep neural networks to project future fruit production based on the statistics issued by China’s National Bureau of Statistics on the total fruit growth output for this period. The proposed method exhibits encouraging results with an accuracy of 95.56% calculating by accuracy formula based on fruit production variation. Authors further provide recommendations on the AGR-DL (agricultural deep learning) method being helpful for developing countries. The results suggest that the agricultural development in China is acceptable but demands more improvement and government needs to prioritize expanding the fruit production by establishing new strategies for cultivators to boost their performance.
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Jin, Yanhong, Yahong Hu, Carl Pray, and Ruifa Hu. "Impact of government science and technology policies with a focus on biotechnology research on commercial agricultural innovation in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 438–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2017-0096.
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Purpose The Chinese Government has used a number of policies to encourage commercial agribusiness firms to do more innovation. These include public sector agricultural research and development (R&D), public sector biotechnology research and innovation, subsidies for commercial research, encouraging foreign firms to invest in China as minority shareholders in joint ventures, and allowing commercial companies to raise money on the stock market. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether these policies were effective in stimulating innovations by commercial firms in China. Design/methodology/approach This study estimates the impact of public biotech research and other policies by employing an econometric model of patenting by commercial firms. It uses a unique data set collected from commercial agribusiness firms for the years 2001, 2004, 2005, and 2006. Addition data were collected from public research institutes and universities and patent data from the Derwent Innovations Index database. It employs four count data models for the empirical analysis. Findings This study finds a positive impact of public biotechnology (measured by the number of biotech patents of government research institutes and public universities) on commercial innovation measured by the number of patents granted to the commercial firms. As expected the firm’s research expenditure and having their own R&D center (as opposed to contracting R&D or no R&D investment at all) have a positive and statistically significant effect on the number of patents granted. The impacts of public R&D investment spending have no statistically significant effect on commercial innovation. Multi-national firms and publicly traded firms have fewer patents than their counterparts suggesting that policies to encourage multi-nationals and financing through stock markets had no impact on innovation. Originality/value This study is one of the first studies to untangle the relationship between government policies and innovation by commercial agricultural research output and public R&D investment and biotechnology. The main findings suggest that simply increasing research money to public research does not increase commercial innovations, but moving resources to the development patentable biotech does improve commercial research productivity. The results also suggest that policies to increase commercial research will also increase innovation. These could include strengthening the legal framework and institutional resources for public institutes to the protection and enforcement of intellectual properties.
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Chen, Kevin Z., Pramod K. Joshi, Enjiang Cheng, and Pratap S. Birthal. "Innovations in financing of agri-food value chains in China and India." China Agricultural Economic Review 7, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 616–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2015-0016.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synthesize lessons from the agricultural value chain models and their associated financing mechanisms in China and India as to provide policy recommendations on how best to facilitate development of efficient and inclusive value chains. Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds on a review of the existing literature on agricultural value chains and their financing mechanisms, and draws lessons from it for strengthening interface between product and financial markets in order to enable smallholders capture benefits of the value addition. Findings – From the comparative review of value chain financing mechanisms and current policy contexts the authors find dominance of internal financing of value chains (in terms of provision of inputs, technology and services) in both the countries. Value chain finance from commercial banks and other financial institutions is limited and mainly through tripartite agreements among the financing institutions, lead firms and farmers. Practical implications – The lessons drawn from various value chain models and their financing mechanisms provide feedback to financial institutions and policymakers to take measures to strengthen value chain finance in smallholder agriculture. Originality/value – The paper undertakes a rigorous review of the existing value chain models and their financing mechanisms in light of the most recent research on emerging innovations and development strategies, in order to glean key lessons for policy recommendations on strengthening linkages between financial and product markets.
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Wu, Fang, and Junhai Ma. "Evolution Dynamics of Agricultural Internet of Things Technology Promotion and Adoption in China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (August 6, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1854193.
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Internet of Things is the core technology of smart agriculture and can reform and upgrade traditional agriculture for reducing cost, reducing pollution, and increasing productivity and quality in China. From government-led and market economy perspectives, promotion mechanisms and sustainable adoption of agricultural Internet of Things technology are analyzed. In the initial application phase, the promotion of Internet of Things requires government support. For investigating the relationship between the government and farmers, this study builds an evolutionary game model and finds that increases of cost subsidy, farmers’ negative feedback, government’s positive feedback, and chemical agriculture cost can make the model evolve toward the strategy set: farmer adoption and government support. For long-term development, a sustainable model in competitive market is built by competition game and exponential replication equation. This paper analyzes the equilibrium of adoption ratio, long-run profit, and the conversion between equilibrium points under capacity sharing strategy in competitive market. It is also found that the market will eventually evolve to the technology selection strategy whose long-run average profit dominates the market. The innovations are that evolutionary game is used for analyzing the initial stage and competitive game and asynchronous update mechanism are used for analyzing the sustainable development adoption. At last, references are provided for agricultural Internet of Things development policy from the perspectives of initial promotion and long-run sustainability.
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Chen, Kexin, and Zhenyu Wang. "A Study on the Effects and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Support and Subsidy Policies from Big Data Computing and Analysis." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7873981.
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Agriculture is the backbone of any country in any given situation. Without agriculture, it will be very difficult for any living being to survive. To increase productivity in agriculture, the farmers are dependent on government policies and subsidiaries provided to them. The policies and subsidiaries should support and encourage farmers to work hard and do some innovations in agriculture. In this research work, an agriculture dataset concerning the policies and subsidiaries of China is considered. The research proposed a subsidy distribution algorithm for evaluating the policies. The proposed model provided an accuracy of 98% in determining the research objectives. The study results revealed that procedural support for government subsidy policies and agricultural support is low. It is recommended to increase domestic policy to support agriculture.
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Jiao, Xiao-qiang, Gang He, Zhen-ling Cui, Jian-bo Shen, and Fu-suo Zhang. "Agri-environment policy for grain production in China: toward sustainable intensification." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2017-0201.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical pattern of environmental cost due to grain production in China and to provide further implications of technologies and policies for the transformation of China’s agricultural development toward sustainable intensification. Design/methodology/approach The data sets about grain production, arable land and chemical fertilizer use in China were collected from FAO, NBSC, and IFA. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated using life cycle assessments. The policies concerning grain production and the environment were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture, and the State Council of China. Findings China has produced enough food to feed its growing population, but has neglected the resource-environmental costs of grain production since 1978. Consequently, China’s grain production is always accompanied with a high cost of resource and environment sustainability. However, from 2006 to 2015, the growth rate of grain production has surpassed that of chemical fertilizer consumption, resulting in improvement in nutrient use efficiency and decreasing trends of environmental cost for grain production. This could be partially attributed to technology innovations, such as Soil-Testing and Fertilizer-Recommendations (STFR), soil quality and crop management improvement, and so on, and policy supports (policies of STFR, soil quality improvement, and high-yield construction). This indicated that China’s grain production is starting to transform from high-input and high-output model to “less for more.” Originality/value This study is the first to determine the detailed, historical role of technological innovation and agri-environmental policy on the sustainability of grain production in China. The findings should have significant implications for technology and policy for the transformation of China’s agriculture development to sustainable intensification.
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Li, Erling, Yanan Xu, Shixin Ren, and Jay Lee. "Spin-Offs, Innovation Spillover and the Formation of Agricultural Clusters: The Case of the Vegetable Cluster in Shouguang City, Shandong Province, China." Land 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020279.
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Agricultural clusters play a powerful role in promoting the agricultural transformation and rejuvenation of rural areas. However, no in-depth exploration has been made on how agricultural clusters form and evolve, especially in the context of China’s long-term small-scale rural economy. The purpose of this article is to reveal the formation process and evolution mechanism of agricultural clusters by case study research. With the knowledge flow as the starting point, this article takes the Vegetable Cluster in Shouguang City of Shandong Province, China as an example to construct a theoretical framework in the three dimensions of points (spin-offs of enterprises or farmers), lines (network-spillovers of various innovation) and planes (the formation of new regional industry spaces) and put forward theoretical hypotheses. It is shown that: (1) The local spin-off of seed farmers is the main path in the transformation of traditional farmers into enterprises. (2) The network-spillover and adoption of innovative knowledge promote the derivation of specialized farmers or enterprises and realize regional agricultural specialization and spatial agglomeration. (3) The formation of the agricultural cluster resulted from the joint effects of spin-off derived from the entrepreneurial spirit of the farmers, network-spillover of various agricultural innovations and spatial integration of the agricultural landscape. The formation of local agricultural innovation systems marks the maturity of an agricultural cluster. This article contribute to the field by studying one source of Alfred Marshall’s knowledge of external economy from the perspective of spin-offs and innovative spillovers, analyzing the agricultural increasing returns to scale neglected by Krugman, and exploring the micro mechanism of farmers’ enterprise-oriented evolution and the formation of agricultural clusters in underdeveloped rural areas. The research results are of profound referential significance for the cultivation of agricultural clusters in developing countries.
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Song, Chuanhong, Wenbo Ma, Junjie Li, Baoshan Qi, and Bangfan Liu. "Development Trends in Precision Agriculture and Its Management in China Based on Data Visualization." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112905.
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Recent innovations are increasingly recognizing applications in precision agricultural systems that use data science techniques as well as so-called machine learning techniques. Big data analytics have created various data-intensive decision-making opportunities. This study reviews the big data analysis practices in the agriculture industry to resolve various problems to provide prospects and exciting fields of application in China. In the successful implementation of precise farming, the high-volume and complicated data generated present challenges for the economic growth of China. Emerging deep learning techniques seem promising and must be reinvented to meet current challenges. Thus, this paper suggests a big data analytics agriculture monitoring system (BDA-AMS) to ensure the highly accurate prediction of crop yield in precision agriculture and economic management using a deep learning algorithm. The convolution neural network gathers the raw images from UAVs and performs early predictions of crop yield. The simulation analysis using an open-source agricultural dataset resulted in a high parameter–precision ratio (98.8%), high accuracy (98.9%), a better performance ratio (95.5%), an improved data transmission rate (97.8%), a reduced power consumption ratio (18.8%), and an enhanced weather forecasting ratio (94.8%), production density ratio (98.8%), and reliability ratio (98.6%) compared to the baseline models.
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Chen, Xieyang, and Tongsheng Li. "Diffusion of Agricultural Technology Innovation: Research Progress of Innovation Diffusion in Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Parks." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 15008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215008.
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With the rapid development of agricultural technology in China, a new model of agricultural technology diffusion, represented by agricultural science and technology parks, has been formed. We systematically sort out the progress of agricultural technology diffusion-related research based on a proposed research framework of technology diffusion in agricultural science and technology parks. The growth mechanism of agricultural technology poles, agricultural technology diffusion system, and its characteristics are analyzed. An index system of technology diffusion environment evaluation is summarized. From the perspective of the “basic” paradigm, we discuss the characteristics of the time process (diffusion stage, diffusion speed, diffusion breadth) and the spatial process (diffusion effect, spatial pattern) of technology diffusion in agricultural science and technology parks and their influence mechanisms. The fundamental law of “point-axis” diffusion of technology diffusion in the park is summarized. From the perspective of the “adoption” paradigm, we analyzed the influencing factors and mechanisms of farmers’ technology adoption. The effects of different environments and technologies with different attributes on farmers’ adoption behavior are explored. Based on the latest research results, we summarized new business agents’ technology adoption behaviors and mechanisms. Finally, we point out the issues that need to be further explored in studying the technology diffusion of agricultural innovations.
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Du, Lijuan, Li Xu, Yanping Li, Changshun Liu, Zhenhua Li, Jefferson S. Wong, and Bo Lei. "China’s Agricultural Irrigation and Water Conservancy Projects: A Policy Synthesis and Discussion of Emerging Issues." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2019): 7027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247027.
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The United Nations (UN) has identified 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to tackle major barriers to sustainable development by 2030. Achieving these goals will rely on the contribution of all nations and require balancing trade-offs among different sectors. Water and food insecurity have long been the two major challenges facing China. To address these challenges and achieve the SDGs, China needs to safeguard its agricultural irrigation and water conservancy projects. Although China is making efforts to transition its agricultural development to a sustainable trajectory by promoting water-saving irrigation, a number of issues are emerging, both with policy reforms and technological innovations. Through synthesizing the historical development of agriculture and its relationship with policy and political regimes, this paper identifies four major issues that are challenging the sustainability transformation of China’s agricultural irrigation system and water conservancy projects: (1) problems with financial policy coordination between central and local governments; (2) the lack of incentives for farmers to construct and maintain irrigation infrastructure; (3) conflicts between decentralized operation of land and benefits from shared irrigation infrastructure; and (4) deterioration of small-scale irrigation infrastructure calls for action. In addressing these challenges, policy changes are required: government financial accountability at all levels needs to be clarified; subsidies need to be raised for the construction and management of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy projects; local non-profit organizations need to be established to enhance co-management between farmers and government.
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Yu, Qi, Yongchang Wu, Xueyuan Chen, Lin Zhang, and Yaowen Liang. "Do China’s National Agricultural Science and Technology Parks Promote County Economic Development? An Empirical Examination Based on Multi-Period DID Methods." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010213.
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China’s National Agricultural Science and Technology Parks (NASTPs) play a key role in improving the nation’s agro-industrial structure and regional economic development; notably, NASTPs can demonstrate innovations in modern agricultural science and technology and, relatedly, incubate emerging modern agri-industries. However, after more than 20 years of development, scholars have not yet to confirm whether NASTPs contribute to local economies. This study sought to explore the impact of NASTPs on county economic development, to identify the mechanisms behind this impact, and to verify these effects using a multi-period double difference method based on panel data from 1743 counties in China collected between 2000 and 2019. The study found that the NASTPs significantly improved county economic development. The policy effects were mainly evident in western regions and counties with higher levels of financial resources. No spatial spillover effects were observed. The NASTPs drove county economic growth through three main channels: agglomeration, institutional environment, and innovation effects. These findings provide insights useful for designing policies related to the high-quality construction of agricultural sci-tech parks, the high-quality growth of county economies, and a reduction in regional economic development gaps.
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Wisseman Christie, Jan. "Javanese Markets and the Asian Sea Trade Boom of the Tenth to Thirteenth Centuries A.D." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 41, no. 3 (1998): 344–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520981436264.
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AbstractBetween the early tenth and the mid-thirteenth centuries, a boom occurred in the trade linking the seas of maritime Southeast Asia to the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The impact that this growth in trade had upon the Javanese domestic economy was profound. The expansion of the Chinese market, in particular, for the produce of Java and its archipelago trading network led to changes in Javanese agricultural practices, patterns of domestic marketing and regional trade, and the monetary and tax system. The resulting increase in wealth stimulated a Javanese consumption boom, and competition from commodities imported from China and India provoked innovations in domestic production.
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Yao, Yanfei, Fu Jia, Wenhui Fu, and Hongdong Guo. "How to become a system integrator streamlining vegetable supply chains: the case of Songxiaocai Company." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 4 (June 18, 2019): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0115.
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The traditional vegetable supply chain in China has many weaknesses, both in the upstream and downstream parts. To change this situation, Songxiaocai Company, a B2B trading platform for vegetables, innovatively solved the problems in the traditional vegetable supply chain by designing an ICT-enabled, demand-driven supply chain underpinned by an advanced ICT architecture design. However, with the expansion of business, Songxiaocai is also facing some difficult challenges. This teaching case shows the supply chain and business model innovations of Songxiaocai, provides a vivid example of how a platform company provides end-to-end supply chain service and can be used to teach graduate/postgraduate students specializing in agricultural economics, agricultural e-commerce and vegetable supply chain management.
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Higham, Charles F. W. "At the dawn of history: From Iron Age aggrandisers to Zhenla kings." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 47, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 418–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463416000266.
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The transition from Late Iron Age to early state societies in the riverine lowlands of the Mun Valley and northern Cambodia took place rapidly in the fifth and sixth centuries CE. Defining the former involves archaeological excavation, whereas the latter is best known from surviving temple structures and inscriptions in addition to the results of archaeological fieldwork. Several common threads link the two phases of cultural development. From the late fifth century BCE, Iron Age communities participated in the growing maritime exchange network linking Southeast Asia with China and India, bringing exotic ideas and goods into the hinterland. Iron itself had a major impact on agriculture and warfare. Salt, a vital commodity that is abundantly available in the Mun Valley, was exploited on an industrial scale. By the fifth century CE, an agricultural revolution involving permanent, probably irrigated, rice fields and ploughing underwrote a rapid rise of social elites. These leaders in society, named in the early historic inscriptions, maintained and elaborated prehistoric innovations.
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Li, Tianxiang, Wusheng Yu, Tomas Baležentis, Jing Zhu, and Yueqing Ji. "Rural demographic change, rising wages and the restructuring of Chinese agriculture." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 478–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2016-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the effects of recent demographic transition and rising labor costs on agricultural production structure and pattern in China during 1998-2012. Design/methodology/approach The authors, first, theoretically discuss the effects of changing relative input prices due to rising labor cost on producers’ decisions regarding input mix (substitution effect), output level, and product quality (output effect). A logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition method is then applied to empirically identify these effects at aggregated levels, followed by an analysis based on the visualization of land use indicators on changing cropping patterns across Chinese provinces. Findings The authors find that tightened effective agricultural labor supply and rises in rural labor costs are associated with divergent changes in input mixes and output choices across products. Producers of land-intensive products focusing more on input mix adjustment, while those of labor-intensive products seem to more likely to adjust output choices. Producers’ adaption strategies also varied across Chinese provinces due to natural conditions, leading to shifts and concentrations in the regional distribution of agricultural products, with lower-value bulk products concentrating in the plain areas, whereas higher-value horticulture products increasingly prevailing in sloped areas. Originality/value This paper illustrates how adjustments in input mixes and output choice in Chinese agriculture counteracted disadvantages caused by rising labor costs and how such adjustments are product and region specific. Based on these observations, implications regarding further innovations in production technology and institutional arrangements needed within China’s agricultural sector are highlighted in the paper.
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Liu, Yansui, Yuanzhi Guo, and Yang Zhou. "Poverty alleviation in rural China: policy changes, future challenges and policy implications." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2017-0192.
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Purpose Poverty alleviation is a global challenge. Human society has never ceased to fight against poverty. China was once the developing country with the largest rural poor population in the world. Remarkable achievements have been made in China’s antipoverty program over the past decades, shaping a unique poverty reduction strategy with Chinese characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to first review the history of China’s rural reform and antipoverty, and then analyze the related policy systems, mechanism innovations and future challenges in poverty alleviation and development. At last, some specific policy implications were provided. Design/methodology/approach Literature on China’s antipoverty history was reviewed and mechanism innovations on targeted poverty alleviation strategy were investigated. Findings Along with the deepening of the rural reform, the poverty alleviation and development in new China have undergone six stages, and experienced a transformation from relief-oriented to development-oriented poverty alleviation. The object of poverty alleviation has gradually targeted with a transformation from poor counties/areas to villages/households, and the effectiveness of poverty alleviation is also gradually improved. However, the increase in the difficulty of antipoverty, fragile ecological environment, rapid population aging and rural decline poses challenges to the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way in China. Specific antipoverty measures were put forward based on the investigation. Finally, the authors emphasize the importance of strengthening the study of poverty geography. Originality/value This study investigates the history of China’s antipoverty policy and analyzes the future challenges for implementing targeted poverty alleviation policy. These findings will lay a foundation for the formulation of China’s antipoverty policies after 2020, and provide experience for poverty alleviation in other developing countries around the world.
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Krekhivskyi, O. V. "State Aid for Development of Manufacture of Agricultural Machinery: Economic and Statistical Aspect." Statistics of Ukraine 96, no. 1 (July 12, 2022): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(96)2022.01.07.
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The world practice of state support of agricultural machinery is studied. Features of dualistic agro-industrial policy of China are identified. It is substantiated that the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery, which has been implemented by the Chinese government since 2004, has also had an extensive impact on the promotion and development of agricultural mechanization, development of agricultural machinery and improvement of economic results, scaling up of services for agricultural sector; activation of related industries: the development of companies that specialize in construction and road equipment, the production of engineering products for agricultural sector. The evolution of state support is shown: changes in the priorities of industry development and the number of subsidies for the purchase of equipment, the development of which is encouraged. It is established that the support of decision-making on the implementation of state support is provided by scientific institutions, relevant associations, information and analytical agencies. It is shown that the generated statistical databases allow to analyze the scale and structure of sales of machinery to farmers with state subsidies (by categories, manufacturers, regions), calculate China's agricultural machinery market sentiment index (AMI), among the components of which - Agricultural Machinery Subsidy Index.
It is stated that on the initiative of the National Committee for Industrial Development a mechanism of partial compensation of the cost of machinery and equipment for agro-industrial complex, which has a certain level of localization of production in Ukraine, was launched in Ukraine in 2017. Summing up the results of the implementation of this mechanism for the national economy are presented. The necessity of expanding state support is substantiated: introduction of incentives for technological innovations of enterprises and partial compensation of interest on loans for the purchase of Ukrainian made agricultural machinery. Following the example of China, it is proposed to improve the mechanism of partial compensation by adjusting the upper limit of aid intensity in accordance with the cost of machinery and equipment for farmers and its innovation. It is substantiated that the lack of multifaceted monitoring of the implementation of the partial compensation mechanism makes it impossible to assess its consequences for machine builders, farmers and the economy as a whole (primarily in terms of the effects obtained). The introduction of statistical and information-analytical support for the implementation of the state aid mechanism in Ukraine will facilitate both timely control and management decisions-making on future support by the state, and the strategic business planning of farmers and machine builders.
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Nayak, Aparna. "Food Security." Journal of Agricultural Studies 3, no. 2 (August 10, 2015): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v3i2.7973.
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Global food security is one of the most unrelenting issues for humanity, and agricultural production is not sufficient in accomplishing this. However, earlier analyses of agricultural food production barely ever bring out the contrasts associated with economic development and different climatic zones. The world population is increasing day by day and climate change will be causing more extreme weather, higher temperatures and changed precipitation. The crop contributes about 20 % of the total dietary calories and proteins globally. There is 1% annual growth in food demand in the developing regions. The developing regions (including China and Central Asia) account for roughly 53 % of the total harvested area and 50 % of the production. Although, unmatched productivity growth from the Green Revolution since the 1960s dramatically transformed world food production, benefitting both producers and consumers through low production costs and low food prices. One of the key challenges today is to replace today’s food system with new ones for better sustainability. While the Green Revolution freed essential ecosystems from conversion to agriculture, it also created its own ecological problems. Moreover productivity increase is now slow or stagnant. Attaining the productivity gains needed to ensure food security will therefore require more than a repeat performance of the Green Revolution of the past. Future demand will need to be achieved through sustainable intensification that combines better crop resistance plants, adaptation to warmer climates, and less use of water, fuel, fertilizer, and labor. Meeting these challenges will require concerted efforts in research and innovation to develop and set up feasible solutions. Necessary investment will be required to realize sustainable productivity growth through better technologies and policy and institutional innovations that facilitate farmer adoption and adaptation. The persistent lessons from the Green Revolution and the recent efforts for sustainable escalation of food systems in South Asia and other developing nations will definitely providing useful insights for the future.
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Cui, Shilei, Yajuan Li, Xiaoqiang Jiao, and Dong Zhang. "Hierarchical Linkage between the Basic Characteristics of Smallholders and Technology Awareness Determines Small-Holders’ Willingness to Adopt Green Production Technology." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081275.
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As a collection of technologies that match the carrying capacity of resources and the environment, harmonize ecology and life, and balance the quantity and quality of agricultural products in agricultural production, green production technologies are regarded as an important means to help promote sustainable agricultural production. It includes scientific fertilization technology, water-saving irrigation technology, biological control technology, and conservation tillage technology. However, the smallholders’ low level of awareness and application of green production technology has become a key factor limiting the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture. Several technological innovations have been implemented to address these problems while many studies have been conducted on the smallholders’ willingness to adopt the technology. However, the correlation and the hierarchical structure among different factors are not clear. Therefore, to clarify these issues, we used the logit model and interpretative structural modeling (ISM) to analyze the factors influencing the adoption of green production technologies by smallholders and the hierarchical linkage between them based on a sample of 709 from 16 provinces in China. Our results revealed that scientific fertilization and biological control technology were most preferred by smallholders. Compared with wheat (38.8%, 43.2%) and maize (29.3%, 39.4%), rice smallholders (66.7%, 82.5%) were more willing to adopt the two technologies. In addition, the technology awareness and technology benefits were expected to significantly affect the smallholders’ willingness to adopt the technology directly. Household characteristics and land characteristics are the root factors affecting the smallholders’ willingness to adopt green production technology. Family characteristics and land characteristics also changed the willingness of smallholders to adopt green production technologies by changing their awareness of production technology and the technological benefits expected. Therefore, accelerating the promotion of green production technologies through the implementation of policies such as increasing the promotion of high-value-added agricultural products and cultivation techniques, increasing out-of-school knowledge education, and enhancing the construction of agricultural production infrastructure can be potentially viable ways to promote green transformation in agriculture. This study provides case support for increasing the smallholders’ adoption of green production technology.
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Zavidovskaya, Ekaterina A. "Tradition, Innovations and Historical Events in the Early 20th Century Chinese Calendars from the Russian Collections." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015487-2.
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The paper discusses two types of Chinese calendars – a traditional agricultural calendar “nongli” which existed in China since the 9th century and a Westernized “yuefenpai” calendar that emerged in Shanghai in the late 19th century and flourished until the 30-40s of the 20th century. Apart from the lunar and solar calendars and a table of 24 seasons woodblock “nongli” calendar featured a Stove God Zao-wang alone or with a spouse surrounded by a suite, fortune bringing deities and auspicious symbols, Stove God was believed to ascend to heaven and report good and bad deeds of the family members to the Jade Emperor. New standards of “peoples`” art in PRC borrowed the aesthetics of the traditional woodblock popular prints by proclaiming “new nianhua” as a new tool of propaganda and criticizing “yuefenpai”.“Yuefenpai” differed from “nongli” by modern technology of production and acting as an advertisement, yet early pieces of Shanghai calendars either feature auspicious characters and motifs or introduce current political events, such as accession of the Pu Yi emperor on the throne in 1908 (reigned in 1908–1912). These calendars were seen to be a cheap and easily available media suitable for informing population about news and innovations. The paper attempts to revisit previously established interpretations of some “yuefenpai” calendars. The research is based unpublished pieces from the collections of the State Hermitage, the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, academic library of the St.-Petersburg State University, the State Museum of the History of Religion mostly acquired by V.M. Alekseev (1881–1951) during his stays to China.
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Larin, V. "Russia in the Plans and Programs of PRC Border Regions." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 12 (2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-12-5-14.
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The article analyzes how the authorities of bordering Russia PRC’s regions intend to exploit Russian economic potential in order to further develop their territories. Based on the study of the Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region’s 14th five-year plans of socio-economic development, other official documents, as well as the results of last decade Russia-China cross-border interactions, the author comes to conclusion that for the last decades these territories’ authorities did not change previously formed approaches to Russia. He identifies traditions, variations and innovations in the policies of each region and pays special attention to the cities of Suifenhe and Heihe, which are the most interested in cooperation with their northern neighbor. The author argues that relations with Russia are of fundamental importance for Heilongjiang province only, while the other two regions look at it only as an additional mechanism to solve energy and communication problems. Besides, their interest goes far beyond the border regions of Russia, the Far Eastern and even Siberian federal districts and is aimed at the entire territory of Russia. The analyzed documents contain a number of innovations like the expansion of scientific and technological, cooperation, financial and digital interaction with Russia, but they are predominantly declarative in nature. The main focus is made on expanding imports of Russian energy resources and raw materials, creating a network of processing industries in Northern part of China, increasing exports of local industrial and agricultural products and services to Russia, making cross-border transport corridors more efficient, and creating various “special areas of interaction”. Analysis shows that China’s acquisition of the status of a global power and its entry into the “new era” of socialism building only slightly corrected the views of Beijing and border territories on Russian economic potential as a source of China development.
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Bao, Yanli. "Competitive intelligence and its impact on innovations in tourism industry of China: An empirical research." PLOS ONE 15, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): e0236412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236412.
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Ma, Jen, Brad Gilmour, and Hugh Dang. "Promise, problems and prospects: agri-biotech governance in China, India and Japan." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2017-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of agri-biotech to play a role in meeting the world’s food, feed, fiber and fuel needs. Using case studies, policy developments in the key Asian countries of China, India and Japan are also scrutinized to determine the extent to which they enable or obstruct biotech’s potential. Design/methodology/approach The authors first examine some key challenges facing the agriculture and agri-food sector and the potential role biotech can play in addressing them. These challenges include feeding the world’s growing population, improving nutrition worldwide, dealing with allergen risks, reducing nutrient and chemical loading in watersheds, addressing water scarcity issues, and reducing waste in the food system. The authors then turn their attention to the agri-biotech systems in three Asian giants, including China’s centralized governance approach, India’s central-local policy and regulations, and Japan’s pragmatic and evidence-based regulatory framework. Findings Each nation has evolved its own system of governance based on the different challenges facing the society, the recognized potential of different biotech interventions, and citizens’ collective perceptions regarding both the potential and the risks that biotech innovations embody. Systems that are less evidence-based appear to be more discretionary and therefore are less predictable in their outcomes. This increases risks to prospective exporting firms and importing firms, driving up system costs and effectively serving as barriers to entry and to trade. It also dampens and distorts entrepreneurial and innovation incentives. Research limitations/implications From the review and observations the authors then discuss ways and means of establishing priorities through a risk assessment framework in which key risks are enumerated and assessed in terms of their likelihoods and their conceivable consequences. Such an approach would allow challenges to be met with a degree of foresight and adaptability. Practical implications The sometimes disjointed, sometimes strategic use of biotech regulations have fragmented markets and created fiefdoms which undermine the potential of novel technologies to address the challenges facing society. Social implications For illustrative purposes, the authors touch on land and water governance, regulatory and institutional bottlenecks and reforms and the potential for agri-biotech to play an elevated role if vested interests and obstructions can be overcome. Originality/value This study draws on research and literature from several disciplines. It also includes discussions relating to bureaucratic and administrative behavior which erodes the extent to which markets can be contested. This results in balkanized markets and non-cooperative behavior that undermines and distorts incentives for entrepreneurial effort and innovation. That such behavior takes place in markets and disciplines that are fundamental to assuring food security, nutrition and health, as well as good governance of scarce water and land resources is of considerable concern.
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Brewin, Derek Gerald, and Stavroula Malla. "The value of a novel biotechnology." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2016-0177.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of changing biotechnology and intellectual property rights (IPRs), institutions, and policies for Canadian crop development related to oilseed rape or “canola” as a case study. Implications for China as it considers regulatory and institutional change related to private sector incentives to invest in biotechnology are also discussed. Design/methodology/approach The authors assess the effects of introducing biotechnology and IPRs in the Canadian oilseed sector over time. Data on the rate of return on agricultural research in general are presented and then the focus moves to the impacts for farmers in Canada. New data are gathered to estimate recent gains in the benefit of biotechnology advancements for farmers. Furthermore, the evolution of agricultural research in China is briefly presented, and a discussion follows that considers Canadian evidence and the possible applicability of the impacts to China. Findings The results support earlier studies identifying gains from agricultural research and show that private sector investments in Canada are now much higher than public sector investments and thus institutional innovations have been a powerful trigger to improve productivity. The gains from biotechnology for farmers are now over CND 1 billion per year in Canada. Research limitations/implications The research gains measured are for Canada so should be applied to China’s situation only as a potential for gains. Practical implications While more work is needed to identify reasonable institutional incentives to generate private investment in China’s biotechnology industry, the potential impact in the Canadian canola sector highlights the importance of continuing the investment in biotechnology, and the need for appropriate policies and regulations to spur private investment. Social implications Biotechnology greatly improved the welfare of farmers in Canada. Much of the gain the authors find was in improved yields and lower herbicide costs that improved farmer profits. Privatization of breeding was a key step in this transformation. Originality/value The paper contributes an updated review of Canadian intellectual property institutions related to biotechnology, and an updated measure of gains at the farm level. It also begins the analysis of the applicability of these institutional changes for China.
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Guo, Lili, Yuting Song, Mengqian Tang, Jinyang Tang, Bright Senyo Dogbe, Mengying Su, and Houjian Li. "Assessing the Relationship among Land Transfer, Fertilizer Usage, and PM2.5 Pollution: Evidence from Rural China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 8387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148387.
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Concern for environmental issues is a crucial component in achieving the goal of sustainable development of humankind. Different countries face various challenges and difficulties in this process, which require unique solutions. This study investigated the relationship between land transfer, fertilizer usage, and PM2.5 pollution in rural China from 2000 to 2019, considering their essential roles in agricultural development and overall national welfare. A cross section dependence test, unit root test, and cointegration test, among other methods, were used to test the panel data. A Granger causality test was used to determine the causal relationship between variables, and an empirical analysis of the impulse response and variance decomposition was carried out. The results show that the use of chemical fertilizers had a significant positive impact on PM2.5 pollution, but the impact of land transfer on PM2.5 pollution was negative. In addition, land transfer can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers through economies of scale, thus reducing air pollution. More specifically, for every 1% increase in fertilizer usage, PM2.5 increased by 0.17%, and for every 1% increase in land transfer rate, PM2.5 decreased by about 0.07%. The study on the causal relationship between land transfer, fertilizer usage, and PM2.5 pollution in this paper is helpful for exploring environmental change—they are supplements and innovations which are based on previous studies and provide policy-makers with a basis and inspiration for decision-making.
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Sandhu, Harpinder. "Bottom-Up Transformation of Agriculture and Food Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042171.
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The global agenda for sustainable development includes the alleviation of poverty and hunger by developing sustainable agriculture and food systems. Intensive farming systems and its variations, such as sustainable intensification or ecological intensification, are currently being promoted as technologies that can improve agricultural productivity and reduce environmental impacts. However, these are focused only on per-hectare productivity with growing negative impacts on local culture and the environment. This study identifies the negative impacts of crop- and livestock-based farming systems on the Indo-Gangetic plains, as well as in the USA, China, and South America as an example of key challenges in global agriculture. These impacts are classified into environmental, social, economic, and health impacts. An alternative paradigm is proposed to overcome some of the shortcomings of current global agriculture. This new bottom-up paradigm is based on three indicators that are fundamental to achieve the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of agriculture and food systems. These are divided into technical, geographic, and social indicators and have been analysed for four farming systems—low-input, high-input, organic, and desired farming systems. Seven global geographic regions have been analysed in terms of their socio-economic indicators and status of agriculture in order to develop pathways for the implementation of the new paradigm. The pathway for change suggested in this paper includes a focus on research and training, policy and institutional changes, and an evaluation of the costs and benefits, and changes in production models that consider scale and sustainability metrics and include innovations in consultation with all stakeholders. This new paradigm has the potential to direct global efforts towards more local and regional solutions, which are community driven and constitute a ‘bottom-up’ approach.
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Zhang, Fan, Fulin Wang, Ruyi Hao, and Ling Wu. "Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation, Spatial Spillover and Agricultural Green Development—Taking 30 Provinces in China as the Research Object." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020845.
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In the face of increasingly severe resource and environmental constraints, accelerating the transformation of agricultural green development through agricultural science and technology innovation is an effective measure to reduce agricultural pollution and improve agricultural production efficiency. From the perspective of multidimensional proximity, this paper expounds the mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation on agricultural green development through spatial spillover from two perspectives: factor spillover path and product spillover path. Based on panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2019, using the gray correlation analysis method, the level of agricultural green development in China was measured, and its spatial–temporal evolution trend was analyzed. The spatial economic matrix was selected as the spatial weight matrix, and the spatial econometric model was used to analyze the spatial spillover effect of agricultural science and technology innovation on agricultural green development. The results showed the following: (1) Agricultural green development had distinct spatial characteristics. The development level of green agriculture in eastern and northwestern China showed a trend of fluctuation decline, while that in southwest China showed a trend of fluctuation increase. The overall spatial distribution of green agriculture was high in the east and low in the west. (2) The spatial distribution of agricultural science, technological innovation and the agricultural green development level showed a significant positive global spatial autocorrelation, and the local spatial pattern characteristics of a number of provinces showed high-value agglomeration (HH), low-value agglomeration (LL), low-value collapse (LH) and high-value bulge (HL) as the auxiliary local spatial distribution. (3) Under the economic matrix, the improvement of the agricultural science and technology innovation level not only had a significant promoting effect on agricultural green development within each province but also promoted agricultural green development in neighboring provinces through positive spillover effects. This study provides insights that can help make up for the lack of regional agricultural science and technology investment, formulate scientific regional agricultural science and technology innovation policies and promote agricultural green development.
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Simões, Evelyne Rolim Braun, Rejane Ramos Machado, Claudia do Ó. Pessoa, and Lana Grasiela Alves Marques. "O potencial fitoterapêutico da Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. Rubiaceae: monitoramento científico e tecnológico." Revista Fitos 16, Supl. 2 (March 4, 2022): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.32712/2446-4775.2022.926.
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As plantas medicinais são importantes para a pesquisa farmacológica e o desenvolvimento de drogas, não somente quando seus constituintes são usados diretamente como agentes terapêuticos, mas também como matérias-primas para a síntese, ou modelos para compostos farmacologicamente ativos. O artigo propõe um estudo da informação científica e tecnológica da planta medicinal indicada pelo Ministério da Saúde a Uncaria tomentosa, visando o desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos. Para tanto, foram utilizados os bancos de dados da Web of Science e do Derwent Innovations Index. Nas análises foi possível observar o crescente volume dos estudos científicos realizados no mundo e no Brasil com a planta. As primeiras publicações iniciaram no ano 1984, e o pico ocorreu no ano 2005. Devendo destacar o Brasil como o responsável pelo maior volume em publicações. Por outro lado, os países que mais depositaram patentes foram os Estados Unidos, China e Japão. Desse modo, é possível afirmar o potencial tecnológico, para o desenvolvimento como fitoterápico da planta Uncaria tomentosa a ser incorporado pelas indústrias farmacêuticas públicas e distribuído no sistema SUS.
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Liu, Yuyu, Duan Ji, Lin Zhang, Jingjing An, and Wenyan Sun. "Rural Financial Development Impacts on Agricultural Technology Innovation: Evidence from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031110.
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Agricultural technology innovation is key for improving productivity, sustainability, and resilience in food production and agriculture to contribute to public health. Using panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2015, this study examines the impact of rural financial development on agricultural technology innovation from the perspective of rural financial scale and rural finance efficiency. Furthermore, it examines how the effects of rural financial development vary in regions with different levels of marketization and economic development. The empirical results show that the development of rural finance has a significant and positive effect on the level of agricultural technology innovation. Rural finance efficiency has a significantly positive effect on innovation in regions with a low degree of marketization, while the rural financial scale has a significantly positive effect on technological innovation in regions with a high degree of marketization. Further analysis showed that improving the level of agricultural technology innovation is conducive to rural economic development. This study provides new insights into the effects of rural financial development on sustainable agricultural development from the perspective of agricultural technology innovation.
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Wang, Fulin, Ling Wu, and Fan Zhang. "Network Structure and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Spatial Correlation Network—A Study Based on Data from 30 Provinces in China." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111773.
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Based on the perspective of the value chain of agricultural science and technology innovation, in this paper, we divided the process of agricultural science and technology innovation into two stages: the Research and Development (R&D) of agricultural technology and the application of agricultural technology. We took the efficiency of agricultural science and technology innovation of the two stages as a comprehensive index measure for the development of agricultural science and technology innovation in China. On this basis, we used social network analysis to establish a two-stage spatial correlation network for the innovation development of agricultural science and technology in China. The spatial-temporal evolution trends, structural characteristics, and influencing factors of the network were analyzed from the three aspects of the overall, local, and individual network structure. The results show that: a. The development of agricultural science and technology innovation in China demonstrated a clear spatial correlation and spillover effect, and the spatial correlation network was in a connected state. b. The network had the distribution characteristics of ‘core-edge’ and strong stability, and the hierarchical structure of the members of each province in the network was gradually broken. c. The differences at the market level in agricultural science and technology, the differences in government support for agriculture, the geographically adjacent relationships, and the level of agricultural economic development were important factors affecting the spatial correlation of agricultural science and technology innovation. This study provides a policy reference to use a cross-regional coordinated development mechanism to solve the uneven and asymmetry problem of the distribution of elements in various regions in China.
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Zhu, Peng Yi. "Technological Innovation in the Development of Agricultural Eco-Economy in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1851.
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Agricultural eco-economy has developed slowly due to lack of advanced technologies in China. Technological innovation should become the internal demand of the development of agricultural eco-economy. In this paper, based on the status quo of China’s agricultural development, advanced technologies for the development of agricultural eco-economy including conservation of resource, circular economy, green economy, the measures of system coordination and the assessment of ecological benefits are discussed. It is to point out that resolving these problems should promote progress of agricultural eco-economy and sustainable agriculture.
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Prokopenko, K., R. Liang, K. Bliumska-Danko, A. Artyukhov, and O. Dluhopolskyi. "Products brand marketing strategy based on environmental friendliness agricultural innovation: China-Ukraine’s case." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1126, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1126/1/012019.
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Abstract This research focuses on the influence of modern agricultural innovation on brand strategy, analysing the trends and characteristics of modern agricultural innovation in Ukraine and China, describe differences between countries. The situation in agriculture show – the same background of enterprises can have different results with profit or loss. Therefore, important to establish a commitment of customers to build an agricultural products brand marketing strategy and, as result, increase the profitability of the enterprise. Analyses the development trend of modern agricultural innovation, the characteristics of modern agricultural innovation, and the status of agricultural product brand marketing using literary analysis and case analysis methods, explains the impact of modern agricultural innovation on agricultural product brand marketing, and proposes agricultural product brand marketing strategies for building a good reputation for the brand. A model of the dependence of the purchase intention of consumers of agricultural products on the environmental friendliness of the brand is proposed, which is based on the analysis of the direct effect of public awareness of the environmental friendliness of the brand on the intention of consumers to purchase the products of an agricultural enterprise and the mediating effect of trust in the brand on the intention of the consumer to purchase the products of an agricultural enterprise.
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Fagnart, Jean-Luc. "La responsabilité du fait des produits en Belgique." European Review of Private Law 2, Issue 2 (June 1, 1994): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1994022.
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Abstract. The author describes first the development of the Belgian case law which has now resolved that trade sellers are responsible in respect of all defects affecting the products which they sell, including those which they did not know about. The only exception allowed by the case law concerns the absolute impossibility of detecting the defect. The second section of the report describes the drafting of the Belgian Law of February 25 1991 which, like the Directive, has opted to excluse primary agricultural products and to include the development risks defence. The Belgian Law offers two innovations, in that it adds two points of detail to the Directive: it offers a definition – albeit rather an obscure one – of the concept of ‘putting on the market’ and it affirms the principle that overlapping indemnities are prohibited. The article concludes by noting the absence of any published case law since the coming into force of the new Law of February 1991. This will soon change, as the Tribunal in Brussels is due to apply the Law to a case concerning pharmaceutical products manufactured using plants which originated in China.
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Yang, Yang, Shishuai Ge, Xianzhong Cao, and Gang Zeng. "Evolutionary Mechanisms of Ecological Agriculture Innovation Systems: Evidence from Chongming Eco-Island, China." Land 11, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111909.
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Constructing an ecological–agricultural innovation system (EAIS) and exploring its evolution patterns are effective ways to overcome the current bottleneck in the world’s agricultural development, which is also an important area of concern for economic geography scholars. Based on innovation system and agricultural innovation system (AIS) theories and relevant research literature, this study constructed an analytical framework for the evolution of the EAIS and analyses the characteristics and mechanisms of the EAIS evolution at three levels. With the help of in-depth research data on the ecological agriculture of Chongming’s eco-island, this study analysed the structural composition, evolutionary paths, and mechanisms of Chongming’s ecological–agricultural innovation system (EAIS). The main findings are that the evolutionary structure of the EAIS can be divided into three levels. At the micro level, ecological–agricultural producers and operators are continuously spun off along with the expansion of industry scale under the role of market orientation, technology promotion, and regulatory management. At the meso level, all actors actively seek specialised associations to obtain innovation resources, forming an innovation network. At the macro level, ecological–agricultural regulatory actors incorporate all actors into the ecological regulatory system so that the evolutionary path of the EAIS can be regulated for cleaner production. EAIS is the evolution of innovation systems in synergy between the three levels of ‘actor’ + ‘network’ + ‘institution’.
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Huan, Meili, Yajuan Li, Liang Chi, and Shaoguo Zhan. "The Effects of Agricultural Socialized Services on Sustainable Agricultural Practice Adoption among Smallholder Farmers in China." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092198.
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In recent years, a growing body of literature has explored the determinants and impacts of sustainable agricultural technologies. However, little is known about the relationship between agricultural socialized services that have reshaped the smallholder agricultural system and promoted scale operation in rural China and environmentally friendly agricultural innovation adoption of the farm. Our study examines the effects of agricultural socialized services on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs). In this study, we capture the number of SAPs adopted, unlike most existing studies that analyze the dichotomous decision of agricultural technology adoption. We apply an endogenous-treatment Poisson regression model to analyze using a national representative farm-level survey data set with 1357 farm households from 132 villages in China. The results show that socialized service use has a significantly positive effect on the number of SAPs adopted. Our results suggest that agricultural socialized services can promote the adoption of sustainable agricultural technologies among smallholders, and thus help transform conventional agriculture into sustainable agriculture.
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Wu, Liping, Kai Hu, Oleksii Lyulyov, Tetyana Pimonenko, and Ishfaq Hamid. "The Impact of Government Subsidies on Technological Innovation in Agribusiness: The Case for China." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 14003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114003.
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With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the promotion of agricultural and rural modernization, the subsidies enjoyed by agricultural enterprises in China are increasing. As a result, the effectiveness of government subsidies for the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises has attracted more and more attention. Based on the perspectives of the whole industry chain of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, and of processing, manufacturing, circulation, and service, this paper takes the listed agricultural companies from 2007 to 2019 as a research sample and empirically tests the effects and mechanisms of government subsidies on the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises. The study applies the fixed effect and intermediary effect models. The findings show that government subsidies potentially encourage agricultural enterprises to grow more successfully. Moreover, R&D expenditure is essential for enterprise technological innovation and leads to an intermediate impact. At the same time, government subsidies for the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises have a certain heterogeneity between different industries, state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, and large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, this study argues that the government should continue to raise subsidies. In addition, the subsidies should be “different from enterprise to enterprise”, and government subsidy funds should be better supervised to foster agricultural technological innovation properly.
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Wang, Linlin, Xinrong Huang, Wanjian Li, Kangting Yan, Yifang Han, Yali Zhang, Lucjan Pawlowski, and Yubin Lan. "Progress in Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Applied in China and Prospects for Poland." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2022): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030397.
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With the acceleration of the Belt and Road Initiative, Poland–China agricultural trade has increasingly strengthened, but there is little exchange or cooperation in agricultural machinery. China’s agricultural UAV industry has flourished over the past 7 years. In China, by using typical food crops and economic crops to control diseases and pests, agricultural drones can reduce the use of fertilizer, pesticides, and water, improve operational efficiency, open up new markets through the ‘sale + services’ mode, and reduce production costs and labor shortages. The spraying of agricultural UAVs and related pest-disease-defense services applied in China are also suitable for Poland’s decentralized, small-scale production modes. By learning from China’s development progress of precision-agriculture aviation, Poland can develop 5th-generation (5G) unmanned intelligent organic farms from traditional organic agriculture, use agricultural UAVs in the spraying of Plant Protection Products (PPPs), and carry out special protection or loss management on typical fruits. Furthermore, by building its own spraying system, aviation industry, and service team, Poland can realize resource optimization, technological empowerment, application expansion, and industrial innovation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development experience of Chinese agricultural UAVs and discusses its enlightenment to the precision-agriculture aviation application of Poland.
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Zhang, Lin, Jinyan Chen, Faustino Dinis, Sha Wei, and Chengzhi Cai. "Decoupling Effect, Driving Factors and Prediction Analysis of Agricultural Carbon Emission Reduction and Product Supply Guarantee in China." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416725.
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Under the requirements for high-quality development, the coordinated promotion of agricultural carbon emission reduction and agricultural product supply guarantee in China is crucial to hold the bottom line of national food security as well as promote agricultural green transformation and development. Based on such situation, from the perspective of decoupling effect, driving factors and the prediction, this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, takes the carbon emission formula, the “two-stage rolling” Tapio decoupling elasticity coefficient method, the spatial Durbin model and the Grey model optimized by the Simpson formula background value to quantify the relationship between agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply, analyze the driving effects of agricultural carbon emission reduction and agricultural product increase, and predict the decoupling state of agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply between 2021 and 2025, so as to draw a scientific basis that is conducive to the coordinated promotion of agricultural carbon emission reduction and agricultural product supply guarantee in China. The result shows that: (1) The decoupling state of agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply shows generally “the eastern and central regions are better than the western regions” in China, and the decoupling state has improved significantly year by year. Green technology innovation (GTI), agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply in China have significant spatial differences and spatial auto-correlation, which shows the spatial factors cannot be ignored; (2) Green technology innovation and agricultural carbon emission in local and adjacent provinces are both in an inverted “U-shaped” relationship, meaning that high level green technology innovation is an effective way to reduce carbon emission. Though green technology innovation and agricultural product supply in local and adjacent provinces are both in a positive “U-shaped” relationship, but the minimum value of lnGTI is greater than 0, which indicates that current level of green technology has been raised to a certain level, effectively improving the output of agricultural products; (3) Compared with those in 2016–2020 in China, it is projected that in 2021–2025 the decoupling state of agricultural carbon emission and agricultural product supply will be improved significantly, and the provinces below the optimal state will leave the extremely unreasonable strong negative decoupling state, mainly show recessionary decoupling and recessionary connection. Our findings provide Chinese decision-makers with corresponding references to formulate accountable and scientific regional policies in order to achieve high-quality development of agriculture and realize “Double carbon” target in China.
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Nadirli, Nadir, and Vugar Babayev. "Sustainability Performance Assessment of the Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS): A case study in Beijing Farmers Market." Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 32 (March 18, 2022): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2022.32.010.
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Among the range of incentives that might motivate farmers to adopt more sustainable practices, focus is given on the role that institutional innovations such as PGS could play in the transition to sustainable agriculture. PGS are established by producers, consumers, local authorities and other interested stakeholders who collectively ensure that agreed sustainable agricultural practices are adopted. Despite the growing popularity, there is no an experimental assessment of sustainability performance (SP) of PGS in order to better understand the role of PGS in sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study is to (a) assess a sustainability performance of PGS comprehensively, (b) perform a systematic assessment of synergies and trade-offs between sustainability dimensions and themes and (c) quantify the real influence of the selected sustainability themes on the least evolved theme. The Sustainability Assessments of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) Guidelines published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) provides a transparent and aggregated framework to encompass all aspects of sustainability as well as to understand how strength, weakness and progress could be tackled in the farming systems. This study used the indicator-based SAFA consistent SAFA Tool to assess sustainability performance (SP) of the Beijing Farmers Market (BFM) PGS in China. Based on the respective sustainability scores, the synergies and trade-offs between sustainability dimensions and themes were analyzed using the non-parametric Spearman correlation test, and a linear regression analysis was applied to identify the influence that selected sustainability themes have on a poorly rated theme. The results displayed trade-offs between economic dimension and other three sustainability dimensions, due to vulnerability theme which is a most challenging and poorly-rated theme. Whereas the holistic management, biodiversity and water themes had a significant effect (P<0.05) with the capacity to decrease vulnerability level by 43.4%, 41.4% and 37.3%, respectively. Through its positive influence, social dimension enhanced the achievement of sustainability goals on other dimensions. The study further argues that with a committed and supportive consumer base PGS could become a reservoir of social capital to build a fair and sustainable community. This study presents a new perspective leading to a guideline for other PGS initiatives those early in the sustainability journey.
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Xie, Lin, Biliang Luo, and Wenjing Zhong. "How Are Smallholder Farmers Involved in Digital Agriculture in Developing Countries: A Case Study from China." Land 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030245.
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Digital transformation in agricultural practices may lead to a "digital divide" between small and large farms, owing to the characteristics and availability of digital technology. This paper sought to use a case study in Chongzhou County, Sichuan Province in China, to analyze how smallholder farmers in developing countries access such digital agriculture and share the benefits of digital agricultural transformation. Small farmers may own a larger scale farm through forming cooperatives; they are also indirectly involved in digital agriculture through agriculture outsourcing. The outsourcing market is expected to grow, which will allow for the evolution of a digital agricultural service platform, the development of a digital agricultural business organization consortium, and the continued expansion of a healthy digital ecology. This paper revealed important policy implications, stemming from the fact that the implementation of inclusive digital agriculture relies on two key shifts: (1) transformation from land scale operations to service scale operations and (2) from inclusive technological progress to inclusive organization innovation.
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Wang, Ke. "Analysis of Characteristics of Cooperation Network of Smart Agriculture Technology Companies: China as an Example." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, no. 4 (September 15, 2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.4.1.
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The development of new technology and the Internet has provided opportunities for the development of smart agriculture, but at present, the development of smart agriculture is still in the primary stage and faces many urgent technical problems, so most companies enhance their technological innovation capabilities through cooperation with other companies. This paper analyzes the characteristics of cooperation networks of smart agriculture technology companies and the differences in different stages by collecting companies with which smart agriculture technology companies have cooperation relationships and applying social network analysis. The results show that there are few cooperative relationships between smart agriculture technology companies, mostly with large information technology companies (e.g., Huawei and Alibaba), research institutes, and other non-agricultural companies. In the cooperation network, large information technology companies such as Huawei and Alibaba, China Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences occupy important positions. However, the overall network density is low, and the cooperation is not tight enough, indicating that the development of smart agriculture technology companies needs to be improved. The findings of the study can provide suggestions for the development of smart agricultural technology companies.
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Pan, Chulin, Yufeng Jiang, Mingliang Wang, Shuang Xu, Ming Xu, and Yixin Dong. "How Can Agricultural Corporate Build Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Green Intellectual Capital? A New Environmental Management Approach to Green Agriculture." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 7900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157900.
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Based on natural resource-based theory, this study constructed a relational model between green intellectual capital, green innovation, and an agricultural corporate sustainable competitive advantage. The samples included a total of 341 agricultural companies in China, and multiple regression methods are used for the analysis. The results showed that green product innovation and green process innovation had a mediation effect between green human capital, green structural capital, green relational capital, and the sustainable competitive advantage of agricultural corporate. Beyond the simple moderation effect, a new integrated moderated-mediation effect model was established. It was shown that environmental leadership, green organizational identification, and green dynamic capability had different moderated-mediation effects under different conditions. The study is expected to close the previous research gaps and insufficiency in agricultural corporate environmental management and green agricultural. The empirical results and conclusions bring enlightenment and meaningful theoretical guidance to managers, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers in the green and sustainable development of agricultural corporates. The new environmental management path can help agricultural corporates conduct green innovation effectively, adapt to the green agricultural products market, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Ultimately, this will help to accelerate the development of green agriculture.
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Yao, Sheng, and Guosong Wu. "Research on the Efficiency of Green Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Resource Allocation Based on a Three-Stage DEA Model—A Case Study of Anhui Province, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 13683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013683.
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In order to achieve sustainable development of agriculture, people have gradually begun to attach importance to the development of low-carbon agriculture and to regard green agricultural technology innovation and promotion as increasingly more important. Taking the Anhui Province of China as an example, this study analyzed the impact of green agricultural science and technology innovation resource allocation on rural revitalization by constructing an econometric model. We found that the overall efficiency of the overall allocation of agricultural science and technology innovation resources in Anhui Province increased in the sample period, but the scale efficiency level was relatively low. The key path to improving the overall efficiency of allocation was to improve the scale efficiency level. The allocation of agricultural science and technology innovation resources in 16 cities and prefectures performed well in terms of pure technical efficiency, but there were significant differences in scale efficiency, which further affected the overall allocation efficiency of different regions. Among them, the allocation efficiencies of agricultural science and technology innovation resources in Hefei and Fuyang were at the leading level in Anhui Province. Similar to the overall situation of the province, the improvement path of areas with low comprehensive efficiency lay in the improvement of scale efficiency. In view of this, from the policy level, we need to optimize the relationship between the government and the market, speed up the construction of platforms and carriers, attach importance to the construction of the agricultural science and technology talent training system, and improve the open sharing mechanism.
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Qiqi, Chen, Wang Jinghua, and Su Yufeng. "Theoretical Basis and Level Evaluation of Tobacco Planting and Green Agriculture: a Case Study in Henan Province, China." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 2777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.1.47.
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Objectives: As an important and traditional cash crop, tobacco plays an important role in promoting economic development. With the attention of the government, scholars and people from all walks of life to environmental protection, modern agriculture needs to be transformed. Under the current multiple pressures of resources, market, economy and other factors, how to find a high-efficiency, product safety, resource saving, environment-friendly agricultural modernization road is very important for the development of modern agriculture. Of course, tobacco planting is no exception. In view of this, this paper took China’ s Henan Province as an example to study its agricultural green development level and influenced factors from two angles at home and abroad. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, the green development of agriculture in Henan Province was still at the lower middle level in China. Secondly, there were some problems in the green development of agriculture in China’ s Henan Province. Finally, the green development of agriculture in Henan Province needs to promote the construction of laws and regulations and supervision system, increase the investment in agricultural human capital, accelerate the innovation of agricultural green science and technology, optimize industrial development and strengthen infrastructure construction according to local conditions. Further, based on the development experience of green agriculture, on the one hand, it can provide a good green agricultural production environment for the development of tobacco industry. On the other hand, it is conducive to inspire and promote the transformation and development of all links of tobacco planting, threshing and redrying, cigarette manufacturing, monopoly circulation and retail circulation, highlighting the characteristics of greening, technology, economy, health and safety.
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Xiao, Shuxing, Zuxin He, Weikun Zhang, and Xiaoming Qin. "The Agricultural Green Production following the Technological Progress: Evidence from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169876.
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This study performs the spatial Durbin model (SDM) and threshold model to analyze the efficiency of agricultural green production following technological progress from 1998 through 2019. The SDM supports a nonlinear contribution of technological progress spillover to agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP), exacerbated by upgrading agricultural structure. Moreover, the threshold model confirms that technological progress has a single threshold effect on agricultural GTFP with the rationalization of the agrarian system as a threshold variable; meanwhile, the contribution of technological progress to agricultural GTFP is less than that of agricultural total factor productivity. Out of the expanded application of dissipative structure theory in agricultural GTFP systems innovatively, this study reveals the urgency to strengthen the innovation of independent technology, lower the threshold for introducing technology, and optimize the agrarian structure in the long-term sustainable agriculture for the economies that are undergoing a similar development stage as China.
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Duan, Kaifeng, Changcheng Zhang, Junqiang Li, Rui Zhang, and Yanwei Zhang. "Boundary-Spanning Search for Knowledge, Knowledge Reconstruction and the Sustainable Innovation Ability of Agricultural Enterprises: A Chinese Perspective." Agriculture 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10020039.
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Boundary-spanning search for knowledge is an effective way for enterprises to acquire heterogeneous knowledge, and is also an important pre-stage to realize effective knowledge reconstruction. Based on the boundary-spanning search for knowledge theory, this paper studies the relationship between boundary-spanning search for knowledge and the sustainable innovation ability of agricultural enterprises considering the influence of organizational knowledge reconstruction, from a Chinese perspective. A questionnaire survey on agricultural enterprises mainly from Southeast China is conducted, and the hierarchical regression analysis method is utilized to verify five research hypotheses. The results mainly show that (1) boundary-spanning search for technology knowledge (BSSTK) and boundary-spanning search for market knowledge (BSSMK) both have a significant positive impact on the sustainable innovation ability of an agricultural enterprise; (2) organizational knowledge reconstruction plays a partial intermediary role between boundary-spanning search for knowledge (including BSSTK and BSSMK) and the sustainable innovation ability of an agricultural enterprise. From the perspective of boundary-spanning search for knowledge, this paper provides theoretical support for the promotion of sustainable innovation of an agricultural enterprise, which contributes to improving the economic sustainability of agriculture to some extent.
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Wu, Guoyong, Yu Xie, Haoxin Li, and Noman Riaz. "Agricultural Ecological Efficiency under the Carbon Emissions Trading System in China: A Spatial Difference-in-Difference Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 4707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084707.
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The agriculture sector plays a significant role in the development of the national economy and providing raw materials to the industrial sector. Trying to get more agricultural productivity, most farmers ignored the adverse effects of agricultural chemicals or pesticides that have a negative impact on the environment. So, the importance of agricultural ecological efficiency needs to be understood. This study attempts to explore whether agriculture, as an important source of carbon dioxide production, can have an effective impact on the agricultural ecological efficiency of carbon trading pilot policies in the context of the global implementation of carbon trading. This study evaluated the agricultural ecological efficiency (AEE) and its spatial distribution characteristics of 31 provinces in China, the data period was from 2000 to 2018. By applying the spatial difference-in-difference (SDID) approach, the study investigates the effects of low-carbon policies on agricultural ecological efficiency in pilot areas. The results demonstrate that low-carbon trading pilot policies have a significant impact on agricultural ecological efficiency. At the same time, the effects of regional economic development, population growth, urbanization, and urban innovation on efficiency are also significant. The improvement of agricultural ecological efficiency requires not only the full implementation of low-carbon trading pilot policies but also the development of regional economy and high-quality agriculture. The findings provide further policy recommendations for high-quality agricultural development.