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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural implements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

von Falkenhausen, Lothar. "Metal Agricultural Implements in Early China." West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture 28, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/721219.

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2

Silva, Bruna Antunes da, and César Augustus Winck. "EVOLUÇÃO DA QUANTIDADE DE MÁQUINAS E IMPLEMENTOS AGRÍCOLAS NAS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS BRASILEIRAS (1960-2017)." Revista Visão: Gestão Organizacional 8, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33362/visao.v8i1.1934.

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O setor agropecuário brasileiro é destaque no cenário econômico mundial. A modernização do agronegócio é peça chave no crescimento da produção agrícola. Nos últimos anos a indústria de máquinas e implementos agrícolas brasileira vem investindo em tecnologias para atender a demanda dos produtores rurais e as peculiaridades de cada região do país. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo foi a associação entre revisão sistemática, análise documental e dados secundários do setor de máquinas e implementos. O objetivo foi elaborar um levantamento da quantidade de maquinário nas propriedades rurais brasileiras, mostrando a sua evolução através dos anos. Pode-se observar uma relação entre a expansão da área plantada e o número de máquinas agrícolas. O índice de mecanização mostra que houve um aumento do número de tratores por hectares de área cultivada de lavoura. Há também uma ligação entre o crédito rural disponibilizado e a aquisição de novas máquinas e implementos.Palavras-Chave: Agricultura. Máquinas agrícolas. Tecnologias. Agronegócio. EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS IN BRAZILIAN RURAL PROPERTIESAbstract: The Brazilian agricultural sector is a highlight in the world economic scenario. The modernization of agribusiness is a key factor in the growth of agricultural production. In recent years, the Brazilian agricultural machinery and implements industry has been investing in technologies to meet the demand of rural producers and as peculiarities of each region of the country. The methodology used in this study was the association between systematic review, documentary analysis and secondary data of machines and implements. The objective of this study was to elaborate a survey about the number of machineries in Brazilian rural properties, showing their evolution over the years. There is a relation that can be observed between an expansion of the planted area and the number of agricultural machines. The mechanization index shows that there was an increase in the number of tractors per hectare of crop area. There is also a connection between the rural credit available and purchase of new machines and implements.Keywords: Agriculture. Agricultural machinery. Technology. Agribusiness.
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3

Varani, Massimiliano, Michele Mattetti, and Giovanni Molari. "Performance Evaluation of Electrically Driven Agricultural Implements Powered by an External Generator." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081447.

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In the last decade, many studies have been conducted on tractor and agricultural machinery electrification. In particular, the electrification of power take-off (PTO)-powered implements could support many benefits, such as improved comfort and safety during implement connection, less noisiness, accurate control of the implement rotational speed, and fuel consumption reduction. However, commercially available tractors do not generate sufficient electric power to run electrified implements. A solution to this issue is powering eventual electrified implements with an external electric generator powered by the PTO and mounted with the front three-point linkage. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of using this combination with respect to PTO powered implements. The types of implements analyzed in detail in this study were a sprayer and a mulcher. Field tests were performed acquiring performance, operational, and environmental parameters. Results show that on the electrified implements, the absence of the cardan shaft and hydraulic remotes shortened the time required for the hitching phase and reduced the in-work noisiness. Field tests demonstrated that the electrified implements permitted an improvement of the fuel consumption per hectare, up to 33.3% and 29.8% lower than their PTO-powered homologue for the sprayer and the mulcher, respectively.
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4

Lee, Hui-kyung. "Baekje state formation and Iron agricultural implements." Korean Ancient Historical Society 99 (January 31, 2018): 101–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18040/sgs.2018.99.101.

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5

Patel, R., and D. Mohan. "Epidemiological studies and design of agricultural implements." Journal of Occupational Accidents 12, no. 1-3 (June 1990): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90092-a.

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6

Stanhope, Trevor P., and Viacheslav I. Adamchuk. "Feature-based visual tracking for agricultural implements." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 16 (2016): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.066.

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7

Volgina, Nataliia D. "Agricultural implements of medieval Novgorod: systematization, chronology." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 2, no. 48 (June 28, 2024): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2024.2.48.43.60.

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Over a long period of archaeological study of Novgorod, a rich collection of medieval antiquities was accumulated, which reflects all areas of activity of its inhabitants in the Middle Ages. In particular, household items are widely represented, among which a small group of agricultural implements stands out, which makes it possible to trace the history of the development of agricultural technology for the territory of Novgorod. The article provides a detailed description of the collection of agricultural implements, and the necessary research has been carried out to systematize them based on classifications developed by domestic archaeologists. The chronological framework of the work covers the period from the mid-10th to the 15th centuries, which is due to the peculiarities of the preservation of the cultural layer on the territory of Novgorod. Written, visual and ethnographic materials were also analyzed as part of this study.
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8

Myalenko, V. I., and N. A. Marinov. "Spatial dynamometering of working tools of agricultural implements." Agricultural machinery and technologies, no. 5 (October 20, 2017): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2017-5-22-26.

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9

Sarkar, Pranay. "Active-passive and passive-passive configurations of combined tillage implements for improved tillage and tractive performance: A review." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, no. 4 (December 2021): e02R01-e02R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021194-18387.

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Proper selection of energy-efficient agricultural machinery helps to reduce drudgery, increase cropping intensity and reduce time required for field preparation. With conventional tillage implements, multiple passes are required to obtain desired seedbed which increase soil compaction due to repeated movement of tractor in field. With combined tillage implements two or more tillage implements are combined to reduce time and fuel energy required for seedbed preparation. In this paper, various researches on active-passive and passive-passive configurations of combined tillage implements have been discussed along with their working principles. It was found that these were associated with less draft, specific energy, and tire slippage compared to conventional implements which provides a sound basis for using them with suitable engine power to improve the power utilization of tractors. Hence, use of these implements could help to reduce soil compaction, labour, fuel cost as well as save time in preparing seedbed. More analytical studies and classical approaches are needed to predict energy requirements of these implements from the knowledge of individual energy requirements of conventional implements to help in proper matching of tractor-implement and also to develop decision support systems. Considering their promising outcomes, they will emerge as effective tools to improve agricultural mechanization.
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10

Namdev, Sharad Kumar, Prashant Mario D’ Souza, Seen Cline Moses, and Rana Noor Aalam. "Estimation and Comparative Study of Operational Costs of Various Combined Tillage and Sowing Implements." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 5 (April 2, 2024): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54552.

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Agricultural Engineer’s and economists use a variety of engineering and economic principles for calculating a machinery costs. An effective farm manager must also know these principles, and apply them when deciding to buy, lease, rent or share machinery. Thus, estimating farm machineries operational costs becomes essential to farmers for sound investment analysis and useful in planning, controlling production on their farms. Therefore, study was conducted to estimate and compare operational cost of various combined tillage and sowing implement namely Rotary Plough with Seed cum Fertilizer Drill, Till Planter, Roto Till Drill and Strip Till Drill at Vaugh Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, (Uttar Pradesh) and period of study consumed about 2.5 years to complete the research activities. This present study concluded that operational cost of roto till drill and strip till drill was noted higher 796.57 Rs/hr and 791.66 Rs/hr, on the other side operational cost of rotary plough with seed drill and till planter was estimated lower 375.40 Rs/hr and 673.66 Rs/hr. The result also shows that operational cost of agricultural implements significantly depends on their initial cost. Therefore, roto till drill and strip till drill has higher operational cost because of their higher initial cost as compared to other combined tillage and sowing implements. Thus, implements subjected to higher initial cost tend to increase the operational cost.
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11

Pereira Assis Gomes, Amanda, Gabriel Araújo e Silva Ferraz, Diego Bedin Marin, Fabiano Battemarco da Silva, Luana Mendes dos Santos, and Patrícia Ferreira Ponciano Ferraz. "NOISE LEVELS EMITTED BY AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS WITH AND WITHOUT IMPLEMENTS ACTIVATION." Nativa 9, no. 4 (September 23, 2021): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v9i4.12493.

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Níveis de ruído emitidos por tratores agrícolas com e sem acionamento de implementos Os níveis de ruído emitidos pelas máquinas agrícolas podem ser prejudiciais à saúde do trabalhador e, por vezes, negligenciados no meio rural. Este trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar os níveis de ruído emitidos por três tratores agrícolas de diferentes potências acionando dois tipos de implementos para avaliar se havia riscos à saúde dos operadores e trabalhadores de apoio ao redor da operação. Os dados de ruído foram coletados por decibelímetro em dez pontos de cada lado da máquina (frente, trás, esquerda e direita) para um total de 40 pontos ao redor de cada trator. Três tratores diferentes foram avaliados em diferentes cenários: sem implemento, acoplando e acionando uma esparramadora de corretivo e acoplando e acionando uma enxada giratória. O trator foi estacionado no centro da mistura com uma rotação do motor que garantiu 540 rotações por minuto (RPM). para a tomada de potência (TDP) durante toda a coleta de dados. Os dados foram analisados ​​por meio de gráficos, regressão linear e análise de agrupamento hierárquico. Os resultados indicaram que os níveis de pressão sonora em todas as situações estudadas ultrapassam os limites da norma regulamentadora (NR) 15, tornando os protetores auditivos indispensáveis ​​durante a jornada de trabalho. Palavras-chave: ergonomia; conforto acústico; mecanização agrícola; nível de pressão sonora. ABSTRACT: The noise levels emitted by agricultural machines can be harmful to the worker's health, and it is sometimes neglected in rural areas. This work aimed to measure the noise level emitted by three agricultural tractors of different power activating two types of implements to assess whether there were risks to operators' health and the supporter workers around the tractor. The noise level data were collected using a decibel meter in ten points on each machine side (forward, rear, left, and right) for a total of 40 points around each tractor. Three different tractors were evaluated in different scenarios: without any implement, coupling and activating a spreader, and coupling and activating a rotary hoe. The tractor was parked at the centre of the mash with an engine speed that ensured 540 rotation per minute (RPM). to the power take-off (PTO) during the entire data collection. The data were analyzed by charts, linear regression, and hierarchical clustering analysis. The results indicated that the sound pressure levels in all of the studied situation exceed the standard's limits regulatory standard 15, making hearing protectors essential during the working day. Keywords: ergonomics; acoustic comfort; agricultural mechanization; sound pressure level.
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12

Gialamas, Theodoros, Ioannis Gravalos, Dimitrios Kateris, Panagiotis Xyradakis, and Christos Dimitriadis. "Vibration analysis on driver’s seat of agricultural tractors during tillage tests." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 4 (December 2, 2016): e0210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016144-9664.

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The vibration of the driver’s seat of agricultural tractors was investigated during three alternative tillage operations. Three tractors including a range of specifications were considered, at a range of forward speeds. The interactions between the tractors, implements and speeds were examined using the SPSS program and the GLM-ANOVA method. The results analysis indicated that the tractors played the first major role in vibration development in the lateral axis and was followed by the implements. In contrast, the implements played the first major role in the development of vibration in the horizontal axis and are followed by factor tractors. The statistically significant effect in vertical and horizontal axes shows the factor implements. In addition, the statistically significant effect in the vertical and lateral axes shows again the implements to be the most significant factor. Of the implements, the plough shows the highest vibration and displays statistically significant difference in comparison with the other implements.
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13

Semichev, Stepan, Igor Smirnov, Rostislav Filippov, and Alexey Kutyrev. "Automated attachment device for controlling position of agricultural implements in an aggregate." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301050.

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Improving the controllability of mounted agricultural implements as part of the unit during soil cultivation and planting crops is an important condition for obtaining high yields. The article presents the results of a field experiment developed by a controlled attachment (UNU-3) designed to improve the accuracy of various technological operations. Recommendations on its use are given. The process of functioning of the device is described. It was determined that this device will allow to increase the level of positioning of the landing tool in the unit, by minimizing the lateral displacement of the agricultural implement. The device will allow the agricultural implement and tractor to be on the established path with an accuracy of 2.5 cm.
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14

Vetokhin, V., R. Zagriviy, T. Ryzhkova, and Y. Sydorchuk. "Means for positioning agricultural implements on the field surface: aspects of the current state." Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine 1, no. 33(47) (2023): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-2-33(47)-4.

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The purpose of research – analysis of the development of the principles of agricultural machines positioning on the field surface and their constructive solutions as a basis for improvement and development of new tillage tools. Methods. Analytical research of technical means and generalization of the principles of positioning of the agricultural unit and its working bodies relative to a specific area is carried out with the selection of system components substance/energy/information/ person and assessment of the change in the fate of the components with the development of means. The information component is considered as a component that organizes other system components. The results. Agricultural technology, which contains regulations and processes for the use of mechanization tools, can generally be considered as a set of processes of transformation of the state of the cultivated environment by adding/removing components of energy, matter and information. At the same time, the processes of obtaining information about the current values of soil condition indicators, processing information, and implementing algorithms for changing the condition of the soil and plants are carried out. This approach within precision agriculture requires global and local positioning of the working body. With regard to the soil tillage unit, global positioning has evolved from implementation entirely due to the intelligence of the person operator to implementation by satellite communication technologies. Local positioning, which began as tracking a furrow from a previous pass with person vision and a variety of amplifiers, has progressed to the use of artificial vision with algorithms to map to a micro-section of a field, a row of plants, and an individual plant. Conclusions. The modern state of information technologies and means allowed to directly introduce the information component into the technological process of transforming the state of the treated soil layer. The stages of technology development are characterized by the redistribution of components in the energy/substance/information/person system in the direction of an increase in the information component and a drastic decrease in the person component. With the development of systems for positioning mobile agricultural units in the field, electronic maps of soil conditions with high detail, the ability to measure indicators of soil and plant conditions in the current time, new agro-technological requirements have appeared, which requires the development of new technical means of soil cultivation and crop care. Keywords: precision agriculture, agricultural unit, means of positioning, control, resource system energy/material/information/person.
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15

Dasgupta, R., B. K. Prasad, o. P. Modi, S. Das, A. K. Jha, and A. H. Yegneswaran. "SURFACE ENGINEERING FOR IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF MINING AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS." Surface Engineering 13, no. 2 (January 1997): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sur.1997.13.2.123.

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16

Martinez, Rodolfo, and F. Diego. "Acoustical measurement system to improve agricultural implements for soil protection." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 5 (November 2002): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4778750.

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17

YOKOYAMA, Kazuhisa. "Agricultural Machines that Raise Productivity : Matching of Implements and Tractors." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 116, no. 1132 (2013): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.116.1132_172.

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18

Péntek, Attila, and János Gyarmati. "Agricultural stone implements from the Paria Basin (Oruro Department, Bolivia)." Archeometriai Műhely 19, no. 3 (2022): 233–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55023/issn.1786-271x.2022-017.

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During the field research initiated by the Paria Archaeological Project (PAP) in 2004 in the area of the Paria Basin (Oruro Dept., Bolivia), and then during the excavation in the municipality of Paria, several agricultural stone tools were discovered. Their raw material is partly volcanic rock and partly sandstone. The stone tools have not yet been described in more detail. In the present article, from the whole set of artefacts 22 stone tools classified into different archaeological periods will be presented. As the area of the Paria Basin itself is less researched and there are relatively few publications on the topic, the amount of information gathered during the processing of the finds will also be outlined. The review also includes a brief discussion of the potential geological sources of raw materials for stone tools.
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19

Fanigliulo, Roberto, Marcello Biocca, and Daniele Pochi. "Effects of six primary tillage implements on energy inputs and residue cover in Central Italy." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.519.

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The use of agricultural machinery represents the main aspect contributing to the total energy input in the agricultural system. The study evaluated the energy requirements and the work quality of two conventional (threefurrow plough and spading machine) and of four conservation implements (rotary harrow, subsoiler, disk harrow, combined cultivator) for mediumdeep primary tillage in a silty-clay soil, widespread in Central Italy. The tests were carried out with the aim of selecting the most energy-efficient implement. Working speed, force of traction, fuel consumption and energy demands were measured, using a 205 kW instrumented tractor. Cloddiness and roughness of the tilled soil, biomass coverage index and burying degree were evaluated. The conservation tillage implements gave the best results in fuel consumption and energy requirements respect to the conventional implements, with energy savings up to 86% in the case of disk harrow. The rotary harrow showed intermediate values and the best soil refinement. Among the conservation implements, the disk harrow showed the best performance on biomass coverage index (43.8%), while the combined cultivator showed the highest value of biomass burying (87.8%) and the best performance on fuel consumption per hour (25.8 kg h–1).
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Okoko, Paul, and Samuel Nditoi Akpankpuk. "Effects of Tillage Depth and Tractor Speed on Implement Speed for Three Tillage Implements on a Clay Loam Soil." Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research 22, no. 4 (June 15, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4444.

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The utilization of agricultural machinery represents the main aspect contributing to the total energy input in the agricultural system. The trials were achieved using five tractor speeds(3.6, 5.4, 7.2, 9.0 and 10.8 km/hr) and five tillage depths(10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) to determine implement speed at different tillage depths for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow on a clay loam soil. The design of the experiment used were two factors, five levels factorial of Central Composite Rotatable Design of Response Surface Method. The implement speed for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow ranged from 0.78 to 1.95, 0.67 to 2.19 and 0.70 to 2.11 m/s, respectively. The effects of tillage depths and tractor speeds on implement speed for the three tillage implements were assessed. The results indicated that increasing the tillage depth decreased the implement speed for all the tested implements but increasing the tractor speed increased the implement speed. The tractor speed had more pronounced effect on the implement speed than the tillage depth. This study therefore recommends that the availability of time and implement width should be used in determining the speed required to finish the work on time.
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Dahab, Mohamed Hassan, Abdalla N. O. Kheiry, and Mohamed Hamid Numan. "Developed and Field Performance Evaluation of a Combined Cultivator." Journal of Agronomy Research 4, no. 2 (October 22, 2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-21-3872.

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Sugar cane production requires a number of operations to be carried out in the field through number of implements and machines. Therefore, time consuming and required large amount of energy. A combined field cultivator was designed in Kenana agricultural implements factory (KAIF) to carry out at one time multi operations (cultivation, furrow-reforming and Fertilizer placement). This is to increase field productivity, reduce farm power and lower operation time and cost. The combined implement was evaluated in Kenana cultivation fields and compared with three individual implements, rigid tine cultivator, furrow-reformer and fertilizer applicator. The measured parameters were drawbar pull, power requirements, field capacity, fuel consumption and total time in the field. The results showed highly significant differences at 1% level between the different implements for the field capacity, fuel consumption and significant differences at 5% for the drawbar pull. A power requirement in (kW) for the combined cultivator was 77% of those individual implements. Total time per feddan to accomplish the required operations by the combined cultivator was 57% of that required by the individual implements. Fuel consumption was reduced to 57% when combined implement was used compared to that consumed by individual implements. It was concluded that the combined cultivator was effective in increasing field productivity and reducing power and cost of operation.
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M, MUTHAMIL SELVAN, and RANGASAMY K. "Studies on ergonomic problems in agricultural machinery operations." Madras Agricultural Journal 88, june (2001): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00321.

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To identify the ergonomic problems encountered by the users during operation of various agricultural implements and machinery, a case study was undertaken in Trichy, Pudukkottai and Tiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu by interviewing farmers using prestructured questionnaire. The ergonomical problems faced by the farmers were listed and analysed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPPS), in terms of postural discomfort jerks/vibrations, pain on body parts, force required and drudgery involved. About 59 per cent of jerks/vibration occurred during initial ploughing operation. Hand tools required "too much" force in operation of animal drawn implements. About 86 per cent of farmers experienced drudgery in operating animal drawn implements whereas only. About 28 per cent of farmers felt drudgery with power operated equipment. Eye/skin irritation was experienced by 65 per cent of workers during pesticide application due to non-use of protective clothing, hand gloves, goggles etc.
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23

Makushev, Andrey E. "Government Policy and Corporate Interests: Search for the Development of Agricultural Engineering in Russia in the Late XIX – early XX centuries." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.047.019.201903.249-262.

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Introduction. Against the backdrop of increased government participation in the economic development of the country, support for agricultural engineering was seen as one of the tools for transformation in the agricultural sector, as well as a way to increase public welfare. In addition, the government was interested in the growth of agricultural production and exports, which became one of the most important sources of foreign exchange funds. This article will attempt to explore the position of the state and the forms of its participation in the development of agricultural engineering in Russia. Special attention will be paid to the process of folding the corporate organization of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements, against the backdrop of the strengthening of monopolistic trends in the Russian economy in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Materials and Methods. In solving the research problems, archival materials, published data of official statistics, and also scientific literature were used. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and system approach. The need to process quantitative data necessitated the use of a statistical method. The use of modernization theory made it possible to include the development processes of the production of agricultural machinery and implements in the trend of industrial modernization. Results. Based on a study of archival and published sources, as well as available scientific literature, the main development problems were identified, and the evolution of government policy in the field of agricultural engineering in the late XIX – early XX centuries was examined. Against the backdrop of increased government participation, the processes of capital self-organization are shown, the forms and results of interaction between government structures and corporate-monopoly organizations in the development of this industry are studied. Discussion and Conclusion. At the end of the XIX and beginning of the XX centuries, state participation in the development of the industry took place in two directions. Firstly, the customs regulation of imports of agricultural machinery, which was protectionist in nature. Secondly, direct support to manufacturers of machinery and complex technical devices for agriculture (bonuses and soft loans to owners of specialized enterprises, assistance in the transportation and marketing of products, etc.). In parallel, there was a consolidation of domestic manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements in order to exchange experience, jointly solve the most pressing problems and lobby their interests in government circles. Since 1907, congresses of Russian manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements began to be regularly held. In fact, this corporate organization has transformed into a monopolistic type of association. The study showed that the interaction of government structures and corporate-monopoly associations of manufacturers of agricultural machinery and implements, despite some differences, was generally cooperative in nature and had a very positive effect on the development of the industry.
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Bryer, Anthony. "Byzantine Agricultural Implements: The Evidence of Medieval Illustrations of Hesiod's Works and Days." Annual of the British School at Athens 81 (November 1986): 45–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020086.

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It is argued that Byzantine manuscript illustrations to Hesiod's eighth-century BC poem offer realistic evidence for the appearance and function of common Medieval agricultural implements, of which there is little other record. Fourteen manuscripts illustrated from the tenth to sixteenth centuries AD are analysed in the Table on p. 67. In them seventeen implements not named in the text may be regarded as contemporary Medieval pictures, which may also be true of the six implements which Hesiod describes, for traditional textual or arthistorical rules hardly apply to these rustic drawings. Using the methodology of K. D. White's studies of Roman farming, other pictorial, literary, documentary, and the scanty archaeological evidence, together with that of survivals, is applied to these twenty-three implements alone. Conclusions are that the Byzantines may have introduced an eliktrin spade-fork, and possibly a wheel structure, but the article must be read within the context of Roman, Western Medieval and later Mediterranean studies of technology and means of peasant production, for which it offers only a first step in the largely unexplored Byzantine field.
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Kokieva, Galia, Marfa Ochlopkova, Yurii Shaposhnikov, and Varvara Trofimova. "The mechanical life of implements operating in corrosive service." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127307004.

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In severe operating conditions, there are machines for the preparation and introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides. They fail in order after two or three years due to corrosion and corrosion-mechanical wear. Under these conditions, the main thing is not to protect individual details, but the protection of the machine as a whole. Disclosure of the mechanism and patterns of corrosion-mechanical wear and corrosion of structural materials in aggressive environments made it possible to scientifically substantiate the most effective ways to increase the service life of machines at the stages of design, manufacturing and operation. Passive working bodies (frame, body, tank) polymer and gummed coatings are reliably protected from corrosion. Corrosion damage to the details of agricultural machines during storage. The illustrated surfaces of the working bodies of plows, seeders, cultivators, disk harrows and other agricultural machines in the storage period are oxidized and coated with rust. In some cases, it appears due to the destruction of the protective film of paint in others - due to violation of the storage rules. The lower parts of agricultural machines made of simple carbonistic structural and unfounded steels, in contrast to parts remote from the soil and no contact with it, corroded intensively.
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Mathur, Sudhir, S. K. Soni, and Avsr Murty. "Use of Low-Cost Agricultural Implements in Low-Volume Road Construction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1652, no. 1 (January 1999): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1652-52.

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Myalenko, V. I. "Reliability Modelling while Designing and Improving Working Members of Agricultural Implements." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 91 (September 14, 2015): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/91/1/012043.

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Paraforos, Dimitrios S., Cristophe Aubé, Loukas Athanasakos, Ioannis Avgoustakis, Suzanne Baron, Trim Bresilla, Spyros Fountas, et al. "Connecting agricultural robots and smart implements by using ISO 11783 communication." IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, no. 32 (2022): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.11.139.

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Huang, Peikui, Zhigang Zhang, Xiwen Luo, Jian Zhang, and Peichen Huang. "Attitude Estimation of Agricultural Implements Based on Quaternion and Complementary Filter." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 17 (2018): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.090.

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Tu, Xuyong, and Lie Tang. "Headland turning optimisation for agricultural vehicles and those with towed implements." Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 1 (December 2019): 100009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2019.100009.

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Singh, Dr Oinam Ranjit, and Dr Nijwm Gwra Brahma. "Rites And Rituals Of The Bodo In Agricultural Operation." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8192.

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The Bodos are agriculturist. They cultivate different kinds of crops like Bawa, Ashu, Sali etc. during the time of summer season.1 No doubt, the Bodos are good cultivator and they are self dependent. In this regard Rev. Sydney Endle says that the Bodos are especially skillful in the construction of irrigation canals and earth-work embankments for diverting water from river beds into their rice fields and their efforts in this direction are very largely aided by their closely ethnic organization.2 It is stated that when they proceeded and settled in the valley of Assam and some parts of North East India, they had crossed their earlier stages of life and became nomadic farmer.3 In earlier time, when they practiced Jhum or shifting cultivation they always tried to find out virgin land which could provide more productivity. With the passage of time, they gave up Jhum or shifting cultivation and started settled agriculture with ploughshare and other allied agricultural implements. However, concrete evidence has not been found so far when the practice of pre-agricultural activities and Jhum cultivation had been abandoned by the Bodos and when they have started agriculture with ploughshare and other agricultural implements. Even today the majorities of the Bodos are cultivators and inhabited in the village. Whenever the rainfall threatens to be below the average, the cultivators with their elders go to the field to bring the water to the paddy field from the nearest river.4
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Astaf'ev, V. L., S. I. Bobkov, and K. I. Aleksentsev. "Implements for embedding of green manure into the surface soil in organic farming technology." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 6 (June 15, 2016): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66169.

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The article analyzes the ways of embedding of green manure into soil; it describes the design and technological schemes of implements which can be used in organic farming technology for realization of these ways. The purpose of the research is to develop the implements for embedding of stubble remains and green manure into the surface soil, which will increase the productivity and provide proper quality of technological process. It is an actual problem at present, when the use of stubble remains and green manure with other factors gives wide range of opportunities to increase the soil fertility. Theoretical and experimental methods used in the research are based on application of the fundamentals of agricultural mechanics, the theory of agricultural machines and measurement methods regulated by standards. The article presents the results of theoretical research that substantiates the design and technological schemes of two implements. The first implement is intended for plants shredding and mulch forming on the surface of soil; the second one is for shredding of green manure and stubble remains and their embedding into the surface soil. The parameters of compacting roller with shredding elements that is a basic working organ of both implements are substantiated. The results of experimental researches are presented; they confirm the results of theoretical research on substantiation of parameters of compacting roller. It is concluded that the use of suggested implements in organic farming technology provides high-quality plants shredding and mulch forming on the surface of soil, as well as shredding of green manure and stubble remains and their embedding into the surface soil.
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Soyunov, A., U. Sabiev, A. Golovin, S. Prokopov, and R. Abdylmanova. "The Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Agricultural Enterprises." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032105.

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Abstract In the modern world a person strives for an industrial society more and more, accumulating power and trying to enclose them in one machine that would perform several operations in one pass over the field surface. So there are implements performing tillage with application of fertilizers or soil cultivation with simultaneous planting and application of fertilizers. Using such implements allows to reduce costs for further cultivation of crops. However, the stake placed on soil preparation and application of fertilizers can not always give the desired effect without due attention to the seed material and technical maintenance. That is why seedbed preparation, the seed material and machines are the main problems of high technology society.
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Singha, Komol. "Tractorisation and Agricultural Development in India." Journal of Global Economy 8, no. 4 (January 4, 2013): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v8i4.257.

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Technological innovations have had profound effect on agricultural sector in the post-Green Revolution period in India. With the inception of Green Revolution, mechanisation process, especially the application of tractor in agriculture sector had intensified. However, in 2000s, the pattern of mechanization has diversified slightly from the intensive tractorisation to other implements like, irrigation, fertilizer, harvester, energy and others. Using a time series data on tractorisation and agriculture GDP for 43 years, co-integration regression method was employed to understand short run equilibrium between the variables. Further, the Error Correction Model (ECM) result showed that elasticities of mechanization were 10.4 percent and 0.52 percent for the long-run and the short-run respectively. It implies that a positive impact of mechanization on agriculture GDP was found both in the short run and long-run.
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Kumar, Satya Prakash, V. K. Tewari, Abhilash Kumar Chandel, C. R. Mehta, C. M. Pareek, C. R. Chethan, and Brajesh Nare. "Modelling Specific Energy Requirement for a Power-Operated Vertical Axis Rotor Type Intra-Row Weeding Tool Using Artificial Neural Network." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2023): 10084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810084.

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Specific energy prediction is critically important to enhance field performance of agricultural implements. It enables optimal utilization of tractor power, reduced inefficiencies, and identification of comprehensive inputs for designing energy-efficient implements. In this study, A 3-5-1 artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to estimate specific energy requirement of a vertical axis rotor type intra-row weeding tool. The depth of operation in soil bed, soil cone index, and forward/implement speed ratio (u/v) were selected as the input variables. Soil bin investigations were conducted using the vertical axis rotor (RVA), interfaced with draft, torque, speed sensors, and data acquisition system to record dynamic forces employed during soil–tool interaction at ranges of different operating parameters. The depth of operation (DO) had the maximum influence on the specific energy requirement of the RVA, followed by the cone index (CI) and the u/v ratio. The developed ANN model was able to predict the specific energy requirements of RVA at high accuracies as indicated by high R2 (0.91), low RMSE (0.0197) and low MAE (0.0479). Findings highlight the potential of the ANN as an efficient technique for modeling soil–tool interactions under specific experimental conditions. Such estimations will eventually optimize and enhance the performance efficiency of agricultural implements in the field.
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Sarkar, Anupam. "Agricultural Mechanization in India: A Study on the Ownership and Investment in Farm Machinery by Cultivator Households across Agro-ecological Regions." Millennial Asia 11, no. 2 (August 2020): 160–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399620925440.

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Despite the signs of distress and fatigue in Indian agriculture, the use of machines in crop operations has increased manifold in recent times. Proponents of mechanization argue that mechanization saves time and cost, and improves agricultural productivity. The Government of India has also encouraged mechanization through subsiding farm machinery and establishing custom hiring centres. Earlier studies have found significant regional variation in the spread of agricultural mechanization. Cost of cultivation data collected by Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) reveal that although the share of machine labour in the cost of cultivation per hectare has increased, there exist significant differences across crops in the use of mechanical input. Empirical studies in different regions have found a significant presence of the rental market for services of agricultural machinery. However, in recent years there have been very few studies on the patterns of mechanization based on household-level data on ownership and investment in agricultural machinery and implements. Agro-ecological characteristics of a region are said to have a significant impact on the level of mechanization. Ownership of machinery is also significantly influenced by the factors such as size of landholding, access to irrigation and access to institutional credit. The pattern of investment and ownership of machinery has important implications on the profitability of farming. This article uses unit-level data from the All-India Debt and Investment Survey (NSS 70th round 2013) to study the pattern of agricultural mechanization in India based on the ownership of agricultural machinery and implements. Using ownership and expenditure data it studies the questions of recent patterns in agricultural mechanization across agro-ecological regions and land classes.
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37

Mocera, Francesco, Aurelio Somà, Salvatore Martelli, and Valerio Martini. "Trends and Future Perspective of Electrification in Agricultural Tractor-Implement Applications." Energies 16, no. 18 (September 13, 2023): 6601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186601.

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The worldwide growing demand for food is pushing the agricultural field towards new innovative solutions to increase the efficiency and productivity of cultivations. In this direction, agricultural mechanization plays a crucial role, and tractors are among the most important actors. Agricultural tractors are machines designed to push/pull special instruments usually referred to as implements, to which they may transfer power by means of a mechanical power take-off (PTO) or via hydraulic connections, thanks to the availability of pressurized oil. The tractor can be seen as a mobile power station: the more efficiently it provides power to external implements or to the ground in terms of tractive effort, the higher will be the efficiency and productivity of a certain task. However, the growing demand for greener and sustainable work machines is pushing towards new concepts of tractor powertrains with the goal of reducing, as much as possible, the amount of pollutants and GHG emissions per unit of work. In this paper, the authors will propose a review of the current trends towards electrification of agricultural tractors. Electrification can help in making vehicles more efficient and opening a new scenario for work optimization. Moreover, electrification is also involving the implements attached to the tractor and responsible for actually performing a wide variety of field tasks. However, tractor electrification requires proper attention due to the impact of high power electric systems on the vehicle configuration. For this reason, a proper level of hybridization should be considered. In this paper, a new classification method will be proposed, considering the electrification level in terms of power and as a function of the installed electric energy storage. This definition will be applied to classify the current state of the art of electric and hybrid agricultural tractors, investigating current trends in the scientific community and among industrial manufacturers with a look to the new upcoming technologies.
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Han, Jeong Woo, Eung Kyeong Kim, Hoon Hyung Jung, and Young Jun Park. "Study on Working Load Analysis of Composite Working Implements for Agricultural Machines." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - A 42, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2018.42.4.371.

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39

Myalenko, V. I. "Agricultural implements with self-adjusting angle of working organs entry into soil." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 8 (August 15, 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66019.

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dos Santos Roque, Alexandre, and Guilherme Schievelbein. "An Architecture based on Magnetic Sensors for Fault Detection in Agricultural Implements." IEEE Latin America Transactions 14, no. 4 (April 2016): 1582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2016.7483486.

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41

Ngepah, Nicholas, and Regret Sunge. "Agricultural expenditure and agricultural total factor productivity growth in South Africa." AIMS Agriculture and Food 8, no. 2 (2023): 637–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2023035.

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<abstract> <p>The study investigates the impact of government agricultural expenditure on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth in South Africa. South Africa subscribes to the African Union-inspired Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), established in 2003 to exterminate hunger and lessen absolute poverty. CAADP requires governments to allot at least 10% of government expenditure to agriculture and achieve an average 6% annual growth in agricultural GDP through doubling agricultural productivity. Despite launching CAADP in 2011, South Africa is off-track. Our analysis follows a two-step procedure using data for the period 1986 to 2018. Firstly, using input and output data, we estimate agricultural TFP indices using the growth accounting (GA) and the Malmquist-Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods. Secondly, we use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag econometric technique to estimate the agricultural TFP impact of government expenditure. Estimates from the GA approach proved more reliable. We find that government agricultural expenditure has a significant positive effect on agricultural TFP growth of 4% and 18.5% in the short-run and long-run, suggesting high and increasing marginal gains. Estimations on weather variables reveal that a 1% increase in average temperatures and rainfall would increase TFP by 2.7% and 1.4% respectively. We recommend that South Africa fully implements the CAADP. Also, given significantly positive estimates of imports and exports, we call for increased agricultural trade liberalization biased towards export promotion and more intra-Africa agricultural trade within the AfCFTA framework.</p> </abstract>
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42

Zhang, Mei. "Current situation and prospects of cooperation in the field of agriculture in the Chinese province of Heilongjiang and Russia." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 98, no. 1 (2022): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2022-98-1-8-17.

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The Heilongjiang Province is the province of China that pioneered agricultural cooperation with Russia. After many years of development in the field of agriculture between the Heilongjiang Province and Russia, great results have been achieved, such as diversification of economic entities, diversification of forms of cooperation, constant and continuous expansion of areas of cooperation, etc. However, there are also the following problems: the first is the limited transit of labor and technical personnel; the second is the high cost of transit of agricultural machinery and auxiliary agricultural implements; the third is the difficult obtaining of financing for Chinese enterprises for the development of agriculture in Russia. Agricultural cooperation between the Heilongjiang Province and Russia has been hit hard since the start of the global epidemic of coronavirus pneumonia. However, against the backdrop of joint construction by Russia and China of the «Belt and Road» cooperation between two countries is a general trend, cooperation in the field of agriculture is still important for two countries to achieve mutual benefits and win-win results, and the field of action and prospects are very broad.
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43

Singh, Harbhinder, and Munish Mehta. "Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Agricultural Tillage Process Vibrations using an Interactive Active Control System." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001284.

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Tractor operators have to work for long hours to perform different tasks. During tillage, implements are attached to the tractor for soil preparations for crop production. The attached implements also have direct effect on vibrations of tractors. Drivers of tractors are exposed to different frequency vibrations which effect their health badly. In this study, the vibrations transmitted during tillage to seat of operator were measured using accelerometer and root mean square (RMS) accelerations was analysed according to ISO standard. Tests were carried out with different type of implements (Cultivator and Disc Harrow) and at different forward speeds of tractor. The dynamic model of tractor and tillage implements was created in MATLAB-Simulink software. An active seat suspension was designed with PID and Fuzzy Logic Controllers and was analysed for improvement in ride comfort level of driver. The results reveal that designed controllers reduce the RMS accelerations at operator’s seat base by 69% as compared to passive seat.
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Cavalcante, Leandro Vieira. "A modernização da produção brasileira de coco e a racionalidade do capital." Ateliê Geográfico 11, no. 3 (May 30, 2018): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v11i3.41071.

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ResumoEste artigo analisa o processo de modernização da produção brasileira de coco. O cultivo desse fruto vem sendo significativamente modificado nestas últimas décadas, quando se observa a passagem de um modelo de produção baseado no extrativismo para um modelo inserido em um contexto representado pelo advento da agricultura científica. Isso significa que a produção do fruto deixou de depender quase que exclusivamente de condicionantes naturais e passou a depender sobremaneira de insumos e implementos difundidos com a modernização agrícola, responsáveis por modificar as formas pelas quais o coco vinha sendo produzido até então, dotando-o de uma racionalidade anteriormente não observada.Palavras-chave: Produção de coco; Modernização da agricultura; Reestruturação produtiva da agricultura. AbstractThis article studies the process of modernization of Brazilian coconut production. The production of this fruit has been modified significantly in the last decades. In other words, the production model based on extraction has become into a scientific agriculture model. Thus, the fruit production is no longer dependent on natural factors and came to greatly depend on inputs and implements utilized with agricultural modernization, responsible for modifying the ways in which the coconut had been produced so far, giving it a rationality not previously observed.Keywords: Coconut production; Agricultural modernization; Productive restructuring of agriculture. Résumé Cet article analyse le processus de modernisation de la production brésilienne de la noix de coco. La culture de ce fruit a été modifiée de façon significative tout au long des dernières décennies, lorsque l'on observe le passage d'un modèle de production basé sur l'extractivisme vers un modèle inséré dans un contexte représenté par l'agriculture scientifique. Cela signifie que la production de ce fruit ne dépend presque plus de conditions naturelles et est venue à dépendre grandement sur les intrants et outils apparus après la modernisation agricole, responsables des changements considérables de la manière dont la noix de coco avait été produite jusqu´à nos jours. Mots-clés: Production de la noix de coco; Modernisation de l'agriculture; Restructuration productive de l'agriculture.
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Fountas, Spyros, Nikos Mylonas, Ioannis Malounas, Efthymios Rodias, Christoph Hellmann Santos, and Erik Pekkeriet. "Agricultural Robotics for Field Operations." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092672.

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Modern agriculture is related to a revolution that occurred in a large group of technologies (e.g., informatics, sensors, navigation) within the last decades. In crop production systems, there are field operations that are quite labour-intensive either due to their complexity or because of the fact that they are connected to sensitive plants/edible product interaction, or because of the repetitiveness they require throughout a crop production cycle. These are the key factors for the development of agricultural robots. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature has been conducted on research and commercial agricultural robotics used in crop field operations. This study underlined that the most explored robotic systems were related to harvesting and weeding, while the less studied were the disease detection and seeding robots. The optimization and further development of agricultural robotics are vital, and should be evolved by producing faster processing algorithms, better communication between the robotic platforms and the implements, and advanced sensing systems.
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AnilkumarPR, Rahul B Aroli, ShyamPV Gowda, Tejas D, and Tharun K. "Design and Fabrication of Electric Portable Tiller for Agricultural Purpose." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 09, no. 05 (2023): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2023.9.5.6.

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In Indian Agriculture, Generally tractors or cultivator machines are commonly used for ploughing. Before this method farmers uses the traditional method this is time consuming and hardworking and costly. Despite the massive mechanization of agriculture in some regions of the nation, the majority of agricultural activities in the country's bigger areas are carried out by hand utilizing rudimentary and traditional equipment and implements such as a wooden plough sickle, and so on. This low-cost portable battery-powered electric power tiller machine is a one-stop contemporary solution to improve traditional farming practices by reducing human labor at a very cheap cost through the use of a motorized tilling mechanism. Because design and manufacture are the keysof engineering, mechanical engineering education requires real design and production. Using a clever portable design, the electric power tiller helps minimize the time and expense required in tilling, consequently enhancing agricultural output and efficiency
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K M Fatty, Lamin, and Prof Idu Ogbe Ode. "The Impact of Agricultural Extension Service in Improving Vegetable Production in the West Coast Region of the Gambia." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i1.12559.

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The study attempts to look at the role of Agricultural Extension Services in the improvement of vegetable production. Six vegetables schemes in Western Region of the Gambia for agricultural extension support and non- agricultural extension services support schemes were selected. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select sixty women producers for all the six garden schemes and three Agricultural Extension Agents. Majority of the respondents highlighted inadequate water/irrigation facilities, high cost of farm inputs/implements and, pests and diseases as the major constraints to production especially the non- vegetable support schemes. Occasional glut of vegetables in the market, in adequate transport, inadequate storage facilities and limited marketing outlets were marketing constraints which have adversely affected their production and income level. The authorities and Ministry of Agriculture should double efforts to enhance the number and capacity of Agricultural Extension Services for the successful dissemination of production technologies to non- vegetable support schemes, so that production and income can be improved.
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Run, Yuan, Yangshunzi Sun, and Dianshuang Wang. "Rural Development Policy, Agricultural Producer Services and Wage Disparities in the Context of Developing Economies." South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 21, no. 2 (January 19, 2024): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2024/v21i2773.

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In developing countries, due to the predominance of marginal and small farmers leads to agriculture practices on small and fragmented plots of land where access and usage to modern farm equipment and implements is hampered. Agricultural producer service sector that acts as an intermediate sector facilitates this process. We build three-sector general equilibrium models to delineate this process: parts of manufacturing goods are utilized by the service sector, the outputs of which are intermediate inputs that could substitute labor in agriculture. We explore the impact of labour market distortion mitigation and input subsidies on rural development policies on pay disparity using this framework. Growing subsidies result in widening wage inequality. Reduction of labor market distortion will raise wage rate of skilled labor, and its impact on wage rate of unskilled labor is ambiguous, depending on elasticity between skilled and unskilled labor. In order for the agricultural development policy to fall short of its broad objectives and may impact on agricultural output.
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Iftime, Daniel, and Claude Laguë. "Connected and autonomous electric and fuel-cell powered agricultural power units: A feasibility study." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 63, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 2.41–2.50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2021.63.2.41.

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Agricultural labour shortages coupled with a required increase in global food production and increasingly stringent sustainable farming legislation are creating a ‘perfect storm’ opportunity for a much greater reliance on electric and autonomous technologies in agriculture. Fuel cell (FC), electric vehicle (EV), and connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies are being successfully adapted to meet the needs of several on-road and off-road vehicular applications. In this article, we focus on the feasibility of integrating FC, EV, and CAV technologies to power units adapted to the autonomous completion of agricultural field operations. Such small-scale autonomous agricultural power units (AAPU) would be intended for cluster/fleet operations and feature communication capabilities facilitated through a next-generation network infrastructure. These AAPUs would be compatible with a variety of agricultural implements to provide operational versatility and value to a wide range of farming operations. Such FC & EV powered AAPUs could reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural operations by an average of 70% relative to emissions from diesel power units. This article further demonstrates that these autonomous technologies could be leveraged at a cost comparable to current diesel operations in agriculture.
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Dr. S. Jayalakshmipriya. "Problems Encountered by Farmers on Procuring Agricultural Inputs in Bangarapet." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 04 (April 23, 2024): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0157.

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The importance of agricultural inputs in getting a robust harvest of Ragi, paddy, groundnuts, horsegram, cowpea, sunflower, Toordal, Avarekallu all food grains, pulses and oilseeds cannot be underestimated. But for these crops to give a bountiful harvest adequate use of inputs such as water, high quality seeds, tractors, finance, other inputs such as balanced use of chemical fertilizers and other necessary safe pesticides were essential. In Bangarapet five villages were taken for study and 150 farmers were sampled. They cultivated a mix of ragi paddy, horsegram and avarekallu falling into seasonal categories of Karif and rabi crops. The research gap revealed that these farmers wanted to revert to mechanization of agriculture. They welcomed modern means of agricultural implements. They wanted to depart from the traditional methods of agriculture. So, they felt the need and importance of procuring agricultural inputs necessary to make this changeover. Research Methodology consisted of both primary and secondary data and simple random sampling was the sampling technique used. Data analysis was done by means of percentage method. Findings show that they were partially successful in their endeavor.
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