Academic literature on the topic 'Agricultural household mode'
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Journal articles on the topic "Agricultural household mode"
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Sun, Yan Hua, Xiang Hui Liu, and Fa Ming Zhou. "Institutional Innovation：Guarantee of Agricultural Industrialization Operating Performance - Take the “Lihua Mode” as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 1380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.1380.
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How to ensure the operating performance of farmer in the agricultural industrial production process is very important. This paper take the unique institutional innovation pattern of agricultural industrialization such as “company +cooperative+peasant household”as a example，and analyzes the motivation of why to Create the mode、 highlight of institutional innovation and operation performance. The results showed that the mode ensures the households' main position through institutional innovation in the agricultural industrial production process，and it is feasible to coordinate the interest conflict between the company and the peasant household through cooperative，and if the main position of cooperative can be really implemented that the effects of institutional innovation will be more good.
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Abdelhamid, Amira, Houcine Jeder, and Ahmed Salah. "Agriculture Adaptation Strategies of Tunisian Oasis Households to Climate Change." Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 9, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/aesr.v9i1.3758.
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Climate change should have impacts on Tunisian arid regions oasis households are likely to bear the most significant negative impacts, the case of the oasis of "Metouia" in the governorate of "Gabes". This research is based on an econometric analysis through cross-sectional probit models involving 50 oasis households. The binary probit models showed that certain factors contribute significantly to the adaptation strategies identified, such as: the age of the agricultural household head, agriculture as a main activity, the agricultural production system adopted the mode of ownership of agricultural land, extension for farmers. All actions aimed at improving the resilience of Tunisian oasis agricultural households to climate change focus mainly on the strategies adopted by farmers in terms of water management, the technical choices and the production systems adopted combined with the experience and local know-how.
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Alabi, Afusat A., Kayode P. Orimafo, Modupe K. Idris-Adeniyi, and Olatooke O. Oke. "Determinants of Land Access and Utilization for Agricultural Activities among Farming Households in Surulere Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/0202/40(0210).
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Background: Land is the most important asset necessary for agriculture and factor of production for households in Nigeria. 85% of rural residents in the country depend on agriculture for their livelihood. The present study therefore analyse the determinants of land access and utilization for agricultural activities among farming households in Surulere Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria Methods: Population under the present study comprises of all peasant farmers in Surulere Local Government Area of Oyo State. The sampling procedure employed was multistage random sampling technique leading to the selection of 90 farmers. Data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaire while the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tool such as logistic regression model. Results: Majority (85.6%) of the respondents w er e m ale, had a mean age of 43 years, were married (74.4%) and have an average household size of 8 members. Most (86.7%) of the respondents engaged primarily in farming with an average experience of 19 years and cultivated an average farm size of 2.4ha. Family inheritance (61.1%) was the major mode of land access. Majority (63.3%) of the respondents used their land for agricultural purposes alone. The average land size was between 1.80-10.50ha with an average distance of 1.11km-5.0km from homestead. Result of probit regression model showed that income level (Z = 2.71) and farming experience (Z = 1.80) were significantly related to land access. Also, household size (Z = 2.39), farm right (Z = 2.10) and scale of production (Z= 4.06) were significantly related to land utilization Conclusion: Income level and farming experience influenced land access for agricultural activities while household size, farm land right and scale of production are determinants of land utilization
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Guo, Jianxin, Songqing Jin, Lei Chen, and Jichun Zhao. "Impacts of Distance Education on Agricultural Performance and Household Income: Micro-Evidence from Peri-Urban Districts in Beijing." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 3945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113945.
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Information communication technology (ICT) has changed the traditional agricultural extension service mode worldwide. This paper examines the effects of the Rural Distance Education Project (RDEP) on the household income, agricultural productivity, and off-farm employment of farmers in peri-urban areas in Beijing. Using the survey data of 783 randomly selected farm households from 54 villages in three Beijing peri-urban districts in 2014, and the propensity score matching method (PSM), we find that the RDEP has a significant and positive effect on agricultural productivity and input use. Meanwhile, the program’s effects are heterogeneous across districts and households. For example, the RDEP has significant impacts on several outcome indicators, such as agricultural labor productivity (at a 5% level of significance), agricultural land productivity (at a 10% level), and input use intensity (at a 1% level) in Tongzhou (an agriculturally more important district, with a more intensive RDEP usage), but none of these effects is significant in Pinggu district. Furthermore, the RDEP is found to have bigger, and statistically more significant effects, for households with junior high school education than for those with either lower or higher than junior high school education. Furthermore, the RDEP is more effective for households with more assets than those with fewer assets. These results point toward the importance of using a rural distance education program as an effective extension service, and the need to take community and individual characteristics into account in the implementation and design of future programs.
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Qu, Song, Nico Heerink, Ying Xia, and Junping Guo. "Farmers’ satisfaction with compensations for farmland expropriation in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 572–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-07-2016-0094.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the compensation amount as well as the mode through which compensations are paid on farmers’ satisfaction with the compensation received for farmland expropriation in China. Design/methodology/approach Using rural household survey data collected among 450 households in three provinces, located in eastern, central and western China, this paper estimates the impacts of compensation payments, compensation modes, household characteristics and other control variables on farmers’ satisfaction applying an ordinal probit model. Findings The major findings are: farmers’ satisfaction with the compensation depends not only on the size of the compensation but also on the gap between the compensation and the market value of the expropriated land; and the compensation amount positively affects farmers’ satisfaction when the social security compensation mode is used, but does not significantly affect farmers’ satisfaction when other modes are used. Originality/value First, it contributes to the literature on farmland expropriation by providing empirical evidence of the direct impact of the compensation amount and other factors on the degree of farmers’ satisfaction with farmland compensations. Second, potential interactions between compensation amount and compensation mode are taken into account in estimating factors affecting farmers’ satisfaction.
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Qu, Yi, Xiao Lyu, Wenlong Peng, and Zongfei Xin. "How to Evaluate the Green Utilization Efficiency of Cultivated Land in a Farming Household? A Case Study of Shandong Province, China." Land 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080789.
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The behavior of farming households is the most direct factor involved in the transition of cultivated land utilization from high-input/high-output to green and sustainable utilization mode. Improving farming households’ green utilization efficiency of cultivated land (GUECL) is of great significance in facilitating agricultural green development in China. However, there are few studies on GUECL based on the micro-perspective of farming households that cover the comprehensive benefits to the economy, ecology, and society. This paper builds a theoretical analysis framework of farming households’ green utilization of cultivated land and uses the super-efficiency EBM model and a questionnaire to conduct an empirical analysis of 952 farming households in Shandong Province to evaluate the green utilization efficiency of cultivated land. The results show that the GUECL of the farming households is generally not high, with an average value of 0.67, and can be further improved. The higher the GUECL, the lower the input and undesired output per unit yield and per unit output value. Tobit regression results show that a farming household’s per capita income is significantly positively correlated with the GUECL, while agricultural insurance, agricultural subsidies, cultivated land scale, cultivated land fragmentation, and regional economic level are significantly negatively correlated with the GUECL. In addition, recommendations can be made on promoting and innovating agricultural green development technology, popularizing and publicizing farming households’ thoughts on the green utilization of cultivated land, and ensuring and improving rural green life so as to provide a reference for promoting green transition of cultivated land utilization with diversified coordination and multiple measures.
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Ren, Shixin, Erling Li, Qingqing Deng, Haishan He, and Sijie Li. "Analysis of the Impact of Rural Households’ Behaviors on Heavy Metal Pollution of Arable Soil: Taking Lankao County as an Example." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124368.
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As heavy metal pollution of arable soil is a significant issue concerning the quality of agricultural products and human health, the rural households’ behaviors have a direct impact on heavy metal content in arable soil and its pollution level, but only a few researches have been done at such microscopic scale. Based on 101 field questionnaires of rural households in Lankao County and the monitoring data on heavy metal of arable soil of each rural household, the kind of rural households’ behaviors which impose obvious influence on heavy metal content of arable soil are investigated via single-factor pollution index, Nemerow pollution index and econometric model in this study. The results show that, rural households’ land utilization mode affects heavy metal content in soil, e.g., the degree of heavy metal pollution of soil for intensive planting is higher than that of traditional planting, viz. vegetable greenhouse > garlic land > traditional crop farmland. The management of cultivated land with due scale is beneficial to reducing heavy metal content in soil, that is, the land fragmentation degree is in direct proportion to heavy metal content in soil, so rural households are encouraged to carry out land circulation and combine the patch into a large one. Excess application of fertilizer, pesticide and organic fertilizer will lead to heavy metal pollution of soil, while agricultural technical training organized by government department and the foundation of agricultural cooperative can promote the technical level and degree of organization of rural households and enable them to be more scientific and rational in agrochemicals selection and application, hence reducing or avoiding heavy metal pollution of soil. Single factor pollution level of heavy metal in the soil for planting various crops is different, so it is recommended to prepare various pollution reduction programs for different land types and pollution levels for the harmony and unity of human-nature system.
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Srivastava, Amita, Sharda Shah Peshin, Thomas Kaleekal, and Suresh Kumar Gupta. "An epidemiological study of poisoning cases reported to the National Poisons Information Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi." Human & Experimental Toxicology 24, no. 6 (June 2005): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327105ht527oa.
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A retrospective analysis of poisoning calls received by the National Poisons Information Centre showed a total of 2719 calls over a period of three years (April 1999-March 2002). The queries were made on poisoning management (92%) and information (8%) about various products and functioning of the centre. The data were analysed with respect to age, sex, mode and type of poisoning. The agents belonged to various groups: household products, agricultural pesticides, industrial chemicals, drugs, plants, animal bites and stings, miscellaneous and unknown groups respectively. The age ranged from less than 1 to 70 years, with the highest incidence in the range of 14-40 years, with males (57%) outnumbering females (43%). The most common mode of poisoning was suicidal (53%), followed by accidental (47%). The route of exposure was mainly oral (88%). Dermal (5%), inhalation and ocular exposure contributed 7% to the total. The highest incidence of poisoning was due to household agents (44.1%) followed by drugs (18.8%), agricultural pesticides (12.8%), industrial chemicals (8.9%), animals bites and stings (4.7%), plants (1.7%), unknown (2.9%) and miscellaneous groups (5.6%). Household products mainly comprised of pyrethroids, rodenticides, carbamates, phenyl, detergents, corrosives etc. Drugs implicated included benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, analgesics, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, thyroid hormones and oral contraceptives. Among the agricultural pesticides, aluminium phosphide was the most commonly consumed followed by organochlorines, organophosphates, ethylene dibromide, herbicides and fungicides. Copper sulphate and nitrobenzene were common among industrial chemicals. The bites and stings group comprised of snake bites, scorpion, wasp and bee stings. Poisoning due to plants was low, but datura was the most commonly ingested. An alarming feature of the study was the high incidence of poisoning in children (36.5%). The age ranged from less than 1 to 18 years and the most vulnerable age group included children from less than 1 year to 6 years. Accidental mode was the most common (79.7%). Intentional attempts were also noticed (20.2%) in the age group above 12 years. The present data may not give an exact picture of the incidence of poisoning in India, but represents a trend in our country. The Poisons Information Centre plays a vital role in providing timely management guidelines including the supply of necessary antidotes from the recently established National Antidote Bank, thereby helping to save precious lives.
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Xiao, Dongyang, Haipeng Niu, Liangxin Fan, Suxia Zhao, and Hongxuan Yan. "Farmers’ Satisfaction and its Influencing Factors in the Policy of Economic Compensation for Cultivated Land Protection: A Case Study in Chengdu, China." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 5787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205787.
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With the rapid progress of urbanization, the loss of cultivated land has attracted great attention worldwide, and economic compensation is one of the incentives commonly used by the governments to enhance farmers’ enthusiasm in protecting cultivated land. In recent years, although various economic compensation modes have been implemented by the Chinese government, such modes are still experimental and exploratory. Thus, designing and implementing a national economic compensation mode is urgent to effectively protect the quantity and quality of cultivated land. This study focuses on the mode of cultivated land protection fund (CLPF) in Chengdu, which is the earliest mode of the implementation of economic compensation in China in 2008. First, we analyzed the farmers’ satisfaction with the CLPF through a face-to-face interview with 296 farmers in Chengdu. Then, we used the path analysis method to identify the influencing factors of farmers’ satisfaction from the characteristics of farmers and the policy. Results show that the CLPF was generally supported by farmers. Nevertheless, room for improvement still exists. Particularly, farmers’ satisfaction was low in the design of the government’s supervision management of the CLPF. Farmers’ satisfaction with compensation standard, funding use requirement, and the government’s supervision management were remarkably affected by factors, including farmers’ educational level, cultivated land area, total annual agricultural income, farmers’ knowledge of the CLPF, farmers’ recognition of the value of the CLPF, and farmers’ perception of the changes in household economics. Particularly, the direct influence of farmers’ perception of the changes in household economics was the most important. Finally, we proposed the recommendations for constructing a national economic compensation mode for cultivated land protection. Our results have certain guiding significance for promoting the sustainable development of cultivated land protection policies by means of economic incentives in China and other countries.
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Yotopoulos, Pan A., and Yoshimi Kuroda. "A Subjective Equilibrium Approach to the Value of Children in the Agricultural Household." Pakistan Development Review 27, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 229–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v27i3pp.229-276.
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A Philippine sample of agricultural households is studied by I subjective equilibrium model which also accounts for the household's demographic structure. The model becomes a potent tool for integrating the economic and demographic behaviour of the household, since issues such as the value of children can be approached in a reality maximization framework and furthermore, such values call be causally rellted to the variance in measured fertility among different households (or Socioeconomic groups). For example, the low marginal productivity contribution of children in tenant (and small farm-size) households, along with the low fertility control that prevails there, has been combined In conforming the inverse fertility-endowments hypothesis, which in this instance is based on labour market failure in periods of peak agricultural labour demand. On the consumption side, on the other hand, the demand for leisure and for other commodities is consistent with the higher valuation of children, and thus higher fertility, in tenant (and small farm-size) households, as compared to owner (and large farm-size) households. The policy implications of such findings from a household equilibrium model are rich.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agricultural household mode"
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Krieg, Anthony Robert. "The welfare implications of China's reform process : an agricultural household model approach /." Title page and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09eck9258.pdf.
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Monge-Arino, Francisco Antonio. "Decoupled payments and agricultural output a dynamic optimization model for a credit-constrained farming household /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181821956.
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Tokoyama, Yuki. "Three essays on Japanese household food consumption." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180272913.
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Mosa, Abdulaziz Abdulsemed [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Grethe. "Non-agricultural activities and household time use in Ethiopia : a computable general equilibrium model analysis / Abdulaziz Abdulsemed Mosa ; Betreuer: Harald Grethe." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197125604/34.
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Darpeix, Aurélie. "La demande de travail salarié permanent et saisonnier dans l'agriculture familiale : mutations, déterminants et implications. Le cas du secteur des fruits et légumes français." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0012/document.
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Le salariat agricole a toujours été invisible, socialement et politiquement. Pourtant, bien que son poids se soit réduit au XXe siècle, son rôle reste encore important dans l'agriculture familiale française. Sa place se renforce et sa nature se modifie : le travail saisonnier se développe. Dans un contexte d'exacerbation de la concurrence, la compréhension des déterminants de ces mutations et de leurs implications est au centre d'un double enjeu : social et de compétitivité. Selon nous, la distinction faite en économie agricole entre famille et salariat est insuffisante pour saisir ces évolutions et leurs impacts sur la performance des exploitations. Nous analysons, théoriquement puis économétriquement, les déterminants de la demande de travail des exploitations familiales en distinguant les salariés permanents des saisonniers. Nous montrons qu'une telle distinction permet de mieux comprendre le comportement des exploitants, de révéler des phénomènes de substitution entre les deux types de salariés et d'expliciter les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces phénomènes. Nous étudions, de plus, le lien entre la main-d’œuvre des exploitations et leur performance. En estimant une fonction de production, nous montrons que les trois types de travail sont inégalement productifs et que la composition de la main-d’œuvre influence la productivité des exploitations. Enfin, par l'analyse qualitative d'un contrat saisonnier particulier et de la flexibilité du travail qu'il offre, nous montrons que les formes d'emploi en agriculture sont plus complexes que la dichotomie permanents-saisonniers et qu'elles invitent à revenir sur le dualisme des formes de flexibilité du travail de la littératureWage labor in agriculture has always been characterized by some invisibility, whether it is in the social or political field. Although its importance has been reduced throughout the 20th century, it still plays an important role in family farming in France. This role has developed and its very nature changes as seasonal work increases. At a time of increasing competition, understanding these evolutions, their determinants and consequences therefore becomes a double issue of study : a social one and one of competitivity. It is our opinion that the classical dichotomy between family work and wage labor is insufficient when highlighting evolutions in the workforce and its impact in terms of the performance of farms. The factors of family farming labor demand are analysed, theoretically and econometrically, by differentiating permanent workers from seasonal ones. Such a distinction gives a better understanding of the farmers' behaviour, shows the substitution phenomena between these two types of workers, and gives the reasons for such a substitution. The link between workforce composition and farm performance is also studied. By estimating a production function, we show that the three types of workers are unequally productive and that workforce composition affects farm productivity. Lastly, the qualitative study of a specific seasonal contract and that of the type of labor flexibility such a contract offers, sheds light on how jobs in agriculture are much more complex than the strict division between permanent and seasonal workers. Indeed, they call for a questioning of the dual aspect of labor flexibility generally used in the economic literature
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Bowman, Maria Susannah. "Smallholder Fire Prevention and Burning Activities Under the Threat of Accidental Fire: A Household Model Application from the Tapajós National Forest in the State of Pará, Brazil." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34972.
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Land-clearing fires set by settlers in the Brazilian Amazon give rise to large scale wildfires that threaten mature forests, agricultural plantations, and settlement areas. Our purpose is to examine labor devoted to fire prevention (firebreak establishment) and burning for crop production for subsistence smallholders in the Tapajós National Forest in Pará, Brazil. Both the decision to engage in each activity and the scale of the activity are examined. A household model addressing decision-making under risk is estimated using survey data from 220 households. We find economic variables such as the opportunity cost of household time, market conditions, and the hiring wage to be important predictors of both decisions (often these are more important than household or demographic considerations), as is household reliance on standing forest resources for non-timber products. We also find that the involvement of NGOs and the government plays an important role in encouraging fire prevention behavior. Our results provide support for programs that emphasize economic parameters and for considering smallholder productivity in policies that target accidental fire prevention or reduction in burning activity.Master of Science
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Mary, Sébastien. "A dynamic stochastic farm household model with occasionally binding debt constraints and investment adjustment costs : assessing the impacts of direct farm payments and common agriculture policy reforms in French arable crop farms." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158412.
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Traditionally, the Common Agricultural Policy has used minimum intervention prices and coupled payments to support farmers in Europe. These highly trade-distorting instruments have received much criticism. Following the Uruguay Round, a major reform process started in the EU. In 2003, the EU decoupled farm support by introducing Single Farm Payments. However, economic theory has shown that such payments may lead to increases in farm output because of the existence of market imperfections or risk. This thesis explores the issue of farm support for the case of crops farm households in France. It develops and applies a stochastic dynamic farm household model for a representative crops farm household. The farm household faces occasionally binding debt constraints and investment adjustment costs. The model is specified and parameterized to a sample of French crops farms using Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data observed between 1996 and 2003. Simulations with various policy scenarios show the extent to which farm support and especially decoupled payments affect the farm household’s decisions. First, the thesis examines the impact of CAP reforms on farm behaviour. Then, the thesis compares the impacts of different farm payments, i.e. Single Farm Payments, farm payments coupled to production and Counter-cyclical Payments, to explore the link between investment and farm payment. Further, the thesis highlights that the degree of decoupling of farm payments depends on the farm household’s access to credit. Although Single Farm Payments may potentially affect output decisions, given the relatively low impacts found in the thesis, it is reasonable to consider that the Single Farm Payment is effectively decoupled in this French FADN sample of arable crops farms. The introduction of decoupled direct payments in the EU appears to be an efficient step towards reducing trade distortions.
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Ato, Emma. "Les comportements des ménages agricoles face à la commercialisation des produits vivriers en République centrafricaine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF10178.
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La commercialisation des produits vivriers doit rester au centre des préoccupations des autorités politiques dans la mesure où elle explique en grande partie les faibles niveaux de production vivrière en Afrique au Sud du Sahara. La pertinence de cette hypothèse réside dans le fait que la commercialisation constitue un facteur déterminant dans le développement de la production agricole, d’autant que la plupart des économies africaines repose sur l’agriculture. Les marchés agricoles ont été le plus souvent organisés dans les pays africains en faveur des cultures d’exportation et la priorité continue de leur être accordée. Les performances agricoles insuffisantes enregistrées pendant ces dernières décennies en Afrique au Sud du Sahara et plus particulièrement en République centrafricaine, nous amène à nous demander s’il n’y a pas de divergence entre les objectifs de l’Etat, qui cherche avant tout à maximiser ses recettes fiscales (prélèvement sur les exportations), et ceux des paysans, qui cherchent plutôt à satisfaire d’autres besoins (consommation, revenu, …). Si tel est le cas, l’analyse des comportements des ménages agricoles face aux contraintes de production et de commercialisation devient une nécessité avant la mise en place de toute action de politique économique visant à promouvoir le secteur agricole. A défaut de pouvoir étudier un modèle de comportement agricole et/ou de surplus commercialisable, faute de données micro-économiques, nous avons appréhendé les réactions des paysans par rapport aux signaux du marché (prix …) et par rapport à d’autres variables pouvant affecter la production en utilisant le modèle d’offre de Nerlove avec un mécanisme à correction d’erreur. Les résultats des estimations économétriques de l’offre de vivriers et de celle du coton tendent à confirmer l’hypothèse d’ajustement graduel des producteurs et à mettre en lumière le rôle important joué par les prix dans la production agricole. Dans tous les cas, la politique d’administration de prix entreprise par l’Etat centrafricain ne semble pas avoir eu un effet significatif sur l’offre des vivriers comme dans le cas du coton faute de structure de commercialisation appropriée. De plus, le comportement des paysans paraît beaucoup plus flexible dans le processus d’ajustement quand il s’agit de culture de renteThe commercialization of food products remains the main concern of political authorities in so far as it explains in large part the weak levels of food output in Sub Saharan Africa. The relevance of this hypothesis resides in the fact that commercialization constitutes a determining factor in the development of agricultural production, the more so as the majority of African economies depend on agriculture. Agricultural markets have most often been established in African countries in favor of export goods and these countries are still giving them a priority status. The insufficient agricultural performances recorded during the recent decades in Sub-Saharan Africa, and specially in the Central Africa Republic, leads us to ask if there doesn’t exist a divergence between the objectives of the government, which seeks above all to maximise its fiscal receipts (increase in exports), and those of the farmers who prefer satisfying other needs (consumption, income). If this is the case, the analysis if the behavior of agricultural household, confronted by production and commercialization constraints, becomes necessary before the implantation of any economic policy decisions aimed at the promotion of agricultural sector. For want of being able to study a model of agricultural household behavior and/or of marketable surplus, due to a lack of the micro-economic data, we estimated the farmers’ reactions, as regards market signals (price) and as regards other variables which could exercise an effect on agricultural production, by using the Nerlove supply model, incorporating an error correction mechanism. The results of the econometric estimation for the supply of food crops and cotton tend to confirm the hypothesis of gradual adjustment by the producers and to highlight the important role payed by prices in agricultural production. In all cases, the price administration policy undertaken by the Cantral Africa government does not seem to have a significate effect on the supply of food products as it did in the case of cotton, due to the adoption of an appropriate commercialization structures. Moreover, the farmers’ behavior should appear a great deal more flexible in the adjustment process when it is a matter of export foods
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Yan, Huijie. "Challenges of China’s sustainability : integrating energy, environment and health policies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1092.
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Dans le but de faire face aux défis interdépendants en termes d’épuisement des ressources énergétiques, de dégradation environnementale et des préoccupations de santé publique dans le contexte chinois en réponse au développement durable, nous nous concentrons sur l'étude des politiques en matière d’énergie, d’environnement et de santé en Chine. Dans le chapitre 1, nous donnons un aperçu des politiques chinoises en matière d’énergie, d’environnement et de santé au cours des 20 dernières années afin de connaître les orientations politiques futures auxquelles le gouvernement n'a pas donné une attention suffisante. Dans les trois chapitres suivants, nous proposons une série d'études empiriques afin de tirer quelques implications politiques utiles. Dans le chapitre 2, nous étudions l'impact de l'urbanisation, de l'adaptation de la structure industrielle, du prix de l'énergie et de l'exportation sur les intensités énergétiques agrégés et désagrégés des provinces. Dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions les facteurs qui expliquent la transition énergétique vers des combustibles propres des ménages ruraux. Dans le chapitre 4, nous examinons les effets conjoints des risques environnementaux, du revenu individuel, des politiques de santé sur l'état de santé des adultes chinois. En particulier, nos résultats empiriques suggèrent d’intégrer le développement urbain dans la stratégie d'économies d'énergie; de considérer des substitutions/complémentarités complexes parmi les sources d'énergie et entre l'énergie et l’alimentation pour les ménages ruraux; d’aligner les politiques environnementales, énergétiques et alimentaires avec les politiques de santéWith the purpose of coping with the intertwined challenges of energy depletion, environmental degradation and public health concerns in the Chinese-specific context in response to sustainable development, we focus on investigating China’s energy, environment and health policies. In chapter 1, we provide an overview of China’s energy, environment and health policies over the past 20 years in order to know about the future policy directions to which the government has not given a sufficient attention. In the following three chapters, we provide a series of empirical studies so as to derive some useful policy implications. In chapter 2, we investigate the impact of urbanization, industrial structure adjustment, energy price and export on provincial aggregate and disaggregate energy intensities. In chapter 3, we study the factors explaining the switches from dirty to clean fuel sources in rural households. In chapter 4, we examine the joint effects of environmental hazards, individual income and health policies on the health status of Chinese adults. Our empirical findings particularly suggest integrating urban development into the strategy of energy saving; considering the complex substitutions/complementarities among energy sources and between energy and food for rural households; aligning the environment, energy and food policies with health policies
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Achuo, George. "Partner satisfaction and renewal likelihood in consumer supported agriculture (CSA) : a case study of The Equiterre CSA network." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19555.
Full textBooks on the topic "Agricultural household mode"
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Kerapeletswe, C. K. Model I female-headed household study. [Gaborone] Botswana: Socio-Economic Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Division of Planning Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, 1991.
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Meindertsma, J. Douwe. Income diversity and farming systems: Modelling of farming households in Lombok, Indonesia. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1997.
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A, Daniel James. A general equilibrium model of an LDC: Incorporating the agricultural household, migration, heterogeneous labour andsegmented labour markets. [s.l.]: typescript, 1990.
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Eastin, Joshua, and Kendra Dupuy, eds. Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0000.
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Abstract This book applies a gender lens to examine the implications of climate change for livelihoods in vulnerable states. The goals are to enhance awareness of climate change as a gender issue, and to highlight the importance of gender in identifying livelihood vulnerabilities and in designing more robust climate adaptation measures, especially in climate-sensitive industries such as agriculture. The contributions in this book examine how the consequences of climate change affect women and men in different ways, and address the implications of climate change for women's livelihoods and resource access. The book is organized into two main sections. The first section (Chapters 2-8) examines disparities in the vulnerability of women's and men's livelihoods to climate change. The chapters in this section address issues such as gender inequalities in the household distribution of labour; differential access to agricultural livelihood inputs and assets; gender-based threats to personal safety and security; and gendered vulnerability to and experiences with climate disasters, food insecurity, and infrastructure development. The second section (chapters 9-16) takes a gender-based view of various climate adaptation initiatives in areas that rely on agriculture for subsistence and production. The contributions in this section address gender-inclusive participation in climate policy planning and decision making, the role of gender in livelihood adaptation measures, and any successes, failures, or opportunities for improvement that emerge from these efforts.
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May, Charles. Agricultural Household Model for Burkina Faso West Africa. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2019.
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May, Charles. An Agricultural Household Model for Burkina Faso West Africa. Dissertation Discovery Company, 2019.
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Gross, Elena, and Raymond Boadi Frempong. Socioeconomic and cultural drivers of women’s formal work in rural Ghana. 22nd ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/956-3.
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We study socioeconomic indicators of female labour force participation in off-farm formal employment in a subsistence agriculture setting in northern Ghana, where a new commercial farm provides a positive demand shock for low-skilled labour. We use a set of quantitative and qualitative data examining determinants of female labour force participation, the social effects arising from it, and the influence on female decision-making power in their households. In line with other micro-studies, we find that education is not a driver of female labour participation in low-skilled jobs. Women from wealthier households and those with young children have a significantly lower probability of starting off-farm work. Polygamy and male dominance reduce women’s labour force participation. Women who earn off-farm income are strengthened in their intra-household decision-making position and can spend more money on themselves.
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Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, Fred Mawunyo Dzanku, and Aida Cuthbert Isinika, eds. Agriculture, Diversification, and Gender in Rural Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.001.0001.
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This book contributes to the understanding of smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa through addressing the dynamics of intensification and diversification within and outside agriculture, in contexts where women have much poorer access to agrarian resources than men. It uses a longitudinal cross-country comparative approach, relying on the Afrint dataset—unique household-level longitudinal data for six African countries collected over the period 2002–2013/15. The book first descriptively summarizes findings from the third wave of the dataset. The book nuances the current dominance of structural transformation narratives of agricultural change by adding insights from gender and village-level studies of agrarian change. It argues that placing agrarian change within broader livelihood dynamics outside agriculture, highlighting country- and region-specific contexts is an important analytical adaptation to the empirical realities of rural Africa. From the policy perspective, this book provides suggestions for more inclusive rural development policies, outlining the weaknesses of present policies illustrated by the currently gendered inequalities in access to agrarian resources. The book also provides country-specific insights from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia.
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Masson, Marilyn A., David A. Freidel, and Arthur A. Demarest, eds. The Real Business of Ancient Maya Economies. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066295.001.0001.
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A timely synthesis of the latest research and perspectives on ancient Maya economics, this volume illuminates the sophistication and intricacy of economic systems in the Preclassic period, Classic period, and Postclassic period. Contributors from a wide range of disciplines move beyond paradigms of elite control and centralized exchange to focus on individual agency, highlighting production and exchange that took place at all levels of society. Case studies draw on new archaeological evidence from rural households and urban marketplaces to reconstruct the trade networks for tools, ceramics, obsidian, salt, and agricultural goods throughout the empire. They also describe the ways household production integrated with community, regional, and interregional markets. Redirecting the field of ancient Maya economic studies away from simplistic characterizations of the past by fully representing the range of current views on the subject, this volume delves deeply into multiple facets of a complex, interdependent material world.
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Mucavele, Firmino Gabriel. A mathematical programming model for farm household evaluation: Economic efficiency analysis of farms under risk and uncertainty in Mozambique. 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Agricultural household mode"
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Mackay, Heather, Samuel Onyango Omondi, Magnus Jirström, and Beatrix Alsanius. "Analysing Diet Composition and Food Insecurity by Socio-Economic Status in Secondary African Cities." In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 191–230. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_10.
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AbstractThis chapter takes as its starting point theorizing around nutrition and food system transitions thought to be increasingly occurring in urban Africa, and how this may be linked to a growing non-communicable disease burden. We focus specifically on the secondary city context by analysing household survey data gathered from six cities across Ghana, Kenya and Uganda during 2013–2015. We asked how diet composition and diversity, food sources and food security varied by socio-economic status, using expenditure and demographic data to create a proxy for household well-being. In this way, we investigate one of the claimed keystones affecting urban food systems and dietary health in sub-Saharan Africa—that of obesogenic urban food environments. Our findings indicate that the socio-economic status of a household was the most important factor influencing household dietary diversity and food security status, i.e. better-off households were more likely to feel food secure and eat from a greater variety of food groups. In addition, the number of income sources was additionally associated with higher dietary diversity. We also found that a household’s involvement in agriculture had only a small positive effect on food security in one city and was associated with a reduction in dietary diversity scores. Our findings emphasize the importance of supporting aggregated national and international statistics on agricultural production and trade with detailed local analyses that focus on actual household food access and consumption. We also see reasons to be cautious about making causal claims regarding consumption change and obesogenic urban environments as the major contributor to a rising obesity and non-communicable disease burden in Africa.
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Khajikhan, Tansaya. "Gender Difference in Households’ Expenditure on Higher Education: Evidence from Mongolia." In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West, 211–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_11.
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AbstractThe existing evidence suggests that there is a reverse gender gap in higher education in Mongolia. Prior studies on the reverse gender gap in education were based on the gross enrolment rates and did not delve deeper in terms of using empirical data analyzed over an extended time-period. This paper investigates gender bias in the households’ expenditure on higher education and tracks changes over the ten-year period from 2008 to 2018 using empirical data. In this regard, this study examines the factors and determinants responsible for the gender bias in the households’ expenditure on higher education. To address these questions, the study employs the Engel Curve approach (unconditional educational expenditure) and Hurdle model, which estimates bias in the enrolment decisions and bias in the conditional educational expenditure, both at the household and individual level in 2008 and 2018, using the Household Socio-Economic Survey of Mongolia. Its findings illustrate that gender bias in households’ expenditure on higher education does exist, and it favors girls over boys at the household and individual levels in 2008 and 2018. The findings show that households allocate a greater share of education expenditure to females aged 16–18 and 19–24 than to their male counterparts. Statistical analysis suggests that households’ residence and the occupation of household heads are two important factors affecting this gender bias. Thus, if a household resides in the countryside and its head is employed in the agricultural sector, female offspring are more likely to receive higher education than male offspring. Traditional gender roles and the Mongolian way of life, which centers around attending to livestock and requiring a male labor force and the wage gap, are contextual factors that help explain this gender bias.
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Artuc, Erhan, Guido Porto, and Bob Rijkers. "An Agricultural Household Model with Tariffs." In The Inequality Adjusted Gains from Trade, 5–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93060-8_2.
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Mkomwa, Saidi, Amir Kassam, Martin Bwalya, and Reynolds K. Shula. "The Malabo Declaration and agenda 2063: making climate smart agriculture real with conservation agriculture in Africa." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 1–16. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0001.
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Abstract The African Union (AU) has provided the vision and even a hint of the future through Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, to be achieved, in part, through accelerated agricultural growth and transformation, leading to shared prosperity and improved livelihoods. The promulgation is contained in the Malabo Declaration of the AU Summit held in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, in June 2014. Attaining the ambitious commitments of ending hunger, doubling productivity, halving post-harvest losses and poverty, enhancing resilience in livelihoods and production systems to climate variability and other shocks, and reducing child stunting to 10% and numbers of underweight children to 5% by 2025 requires a definition of the strategies and the operative paradigms. The Declaration also calls for African agriculture to become climate smart. This chapter presents the strategic positioning of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in making climate smart agriculture (CSA) real in Africa and harnessing partnerships, informed by science and analyses of lessons from past interventions. We conclude that investing US$50 per household, in a capacity development programme in CA for 25 million households, has the potential to increase land productivity, produce food surpluses and transform livelihoods, thus attaining the Malabo Declaration targets. The investment in and adoption of CA-based CSA to that magnitude will not only move Africa's agriculture to a new level, where a significant proportion of agricultural land is managed with CA systems, but also supply competitively priced raw materials for transformative industrial and economic growth in Africa.
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Nanda Kumar, T., Sandip Das, and Ashok Gulati. "Dairy Value Chain." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 195–226. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4268-2_6.
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AbstractLivestock sector is the backbone of Indian agriculture and plays a crucial role in the development of the rural economy. More than one-fifth (23%) of agricultural households with area less than 0.01 hectare reported livestock as their principal source of income (GoI Government of India (2014) Key indicators of situation of agricultural). Livestock is one of the fastest-growing sectors of Indian agriculture. While the share of overall agriculture and allied sectors in Gross Value Added (GVA) declined from 18.2% in 2014–15 to 17.8% in 2019–20, the share of livestock sector in GVA increased from 4.4% to 5.1% in the same period (GoI Government of India (2021) The economic survey (2020–21). Ministry of Finance. Government of India). Livestock sector accounts for 31% of the gross value of output in agriculture and allied sector (GVOA). Within livestock, milk is the biggest component with 20% share in GVOA. In fact, milk is the largest agriculture commodity in terms of value of output worth INR 772,705 crores in 2018–19 which was more than the value of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and sugarcane combined worth INR 623,462 crores (MoSPI. (2021). National Accounts Statistics 2020. Central Statistical Organization. Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation.). Around 70 million of rural households are engaged in milk production, most of them are landless, marginal, and small farmers (NCAER. (2020). Analyzing Socio-Economic Impact of National Dairy Plan—I. National Council for Applied Economic Research. February 2020.). As a source of livelihood for million of poor households, dairying also supplements their dietary sources of protein and nutrition thus playing a critical role in the country’s food security needs.
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Mujeyi, Angeline, and Maxwell Mudhara. "Economic Analysis of Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies in Maize Production in Smallholder Farming Systems." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 225–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_17.
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AbstractSmallholder farmers who grow the staple maize crop rely mainly on rain-fed agricultural production, and yields are estimated to have decreased by over 50% largely due to climate change. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, as adaptive strategies, are thus increasingly being promoted to overcome problems of declining agricultural productivity and reduced technical efficiency. This study analyzed profitability and profit efficiency in maize (Zea mays) production as a result of CSA technology adoption using cost-benefit analysis and stochastic profit frontier model. The study used data from a cross-sectional household survey of 386 households drawn from 4 districts in Mashonaland East province located in the northeastern part of Zimbabwe. Results from the cost-benefit analysis reveal that maize performs best under CSA technologies. The profit inefficiency model shows that extension contact, number of local traders, and adoption of CSA had significant negative coefficients indicating that as these variables increase, profit efficiency among maize-growing farmers increases. This implies that profit inefficiency in maize production can be reduced significantly with improvement in extension contact, access to farm gate/local markets, and adoption of CSA. The findings call for development practitioners to incorporate market linkages that bring buyers closer to the farmers, support for extension to be able to have frequent contacts with farmers, and promotion of CSA adoption.
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Chakona, Gamuchirai. "Household Dietary Patterns and Food Security Challenges in Peri-Urban South Africa: A Reflection of High Unemployment in the Wake of Rising Food Prices." In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 231–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_11.
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AbstractUrbanization is one of the major social changes in developing regions. This has influenced urban food insecurity and malnutrition in South Africa where poverty, unemployment and high food prices are dominant and influencing dietary change. The study considered dietary diversities and food security of households in four peri-urban settlements in South Africa through household surveys with 314 randomly selected households. Dietary diversity was generally low with high levels of food insecurity across the peri-urban sites, with male-headed households generally worse off than female-headed households. There was high dependence on food purchasing in all sites, although female-headed households were more likely than male-headed households to supplement food purchases with other food strategies such as urban agriculture, collection from open spaces and receiving donations. Food insecurity was associated with high poverty levels, unemployment and low education levels. A coherent response that effectively addresses food and nutrition insecurity challenges in peri-urban areas is an important component in addressing food insecurity in peri-urban settings of South Africa. Such a response should support localized and diverse “context specific” food systems which are sustainable and healthier and make food more affordable.
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Ayinde, Taiwo B., Benjamin Ahmed, and Charles F. Nicholson. "Farm-Level Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Reductions for the Predominant Production Systems in Northern Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 875–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_4.
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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different economic sectors in Nigeria and emphasizes those arising from agriculture and forestry. The impacts of climate change on agricultural systems in Nigeria are likely to be large, motivating the need for additional knowledge to assess current practices and formulate appropriate modifications for both mitigation and adaptation. Some current farming practices are believed to be adaptive, but further study would provide better assessments. We also analyzed the trade-offs between household income and GHG emissions at two contrasting sites in northern Nigeria. A farm optimization model maximizing the value of crop, livestock, and tree production activities in a single representative year assessed the potential impacts for GHG reductions of 10% and 25% and the maximum allowable reductions of 26% and 30% on farm activities and income. Emissions reductions of 10% reduced annual household incomes by less than 5% but required substantive changes, especially in livestock owned. Maximum possible GHG emissions reductions (while still meeting minimum household consumption needs) would require marked changes in production pattern and would lower household incomes by 22–44%. We did not assess effects over longer periods, where the role of livestock as a key asset may imply additional negative impacts. Productivity-enhancing technologies that would simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and increase incomes are needed for smallholder farms to play a larger role in climate change mitigation without the burden of reduced incomes and greater risk. This suggests the need for programmatic and policy actions both by national agricultural research systems and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
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Wahl, Carl. "Lessons learnt from concern worldwide's conservation agriculture interventions in Malawi and Zambia, 2010-2018." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 361–70. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0022.
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Abstract Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a gateway technology intended to build both the productivity and resilience of smallholder farmers. Since 2010, the Ireland-based NGO Concern Worldwide has been promoting CA with extremely poor farmers in Malawi and Zambia. In the context of the specific regions within both countries, similar conditions of limited labour capacity, low financial capacity, poor soil health and constrained agriculture extension services were the primary barriers to the poorest farmers. Initial CA projects utilized broad, standardized approaches to CA with subsidized inputs that led to yield increases, but saw limited non-subsidized adoption. As a result, Concern has adapted its approaches to CA to better accommodate and embrace innovation by lead farmers, understanding different adoption strategies for follower farmers and working to improve input supply systems to meet farmers' needs. However, major constraints to adoption remain for the poorest and, going forward, CA projects will need to incorporate robust strategies for household financial stability such as the graduation model; fostering greater innovation by lead farmers within CA principles to meet local contexts; and integrating seed selection and saving for non-commercialized food crops to spur large-scale adoption of CA by the poorest farmers.
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Place, Frank. "Sustaining Natural Resources in African Agriculture: What Have We Learned in the Past Two Decades?" In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 139–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_11.
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AbstractCalls for increased attention to natural resource management (NRM) in African agriculture have been around for many decades. They became more vocal around the turn of the century following decades of poor yield growth and emerging data showing concerns about land quality and productivity. In recent years, these intensified further with the specter of climate change and continuing rural population growth challenging agricultural systems on the continent. Researchers have responded to these challenges, advancing research frameworks and hypotheses, deploying more research tools, and conducting more studies. However, it is unclear that all this response has significantly advanced our state of knowledge on the extent and nature of land degradation in agricultural land, the particular practices that work in different socioeconomic contexts, and how best to induce their uptake by households facing different priorities and constraints. This chapter will motivate this conclusion and offer options for moving forward in some of these topical areas.
Conference papers on the topic "Agricultural household mode"
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Turdalieva, Ainura, and Raziya Abdiyeva. "The Impact of Access to Irrigation on Rural Household Income in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02666.
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Agriculture is the main source of income of households in rural area. Therefore, access to irrigation significantly impact the level of income of households. Consequently, the quality of irrigation infrastructure has essential effect on the level of household welfare and their economic performance. Improving water use efficiency and infrastructure will positively affect households’ income in rural areas. In this study we analyzed the impact of access to irrigation to household income in rural area by using of Life in Kyrgyzstan Survey data for the year of 2016. The effect of access to irrigation on income of households in Kyrgyzstan analyzed according to size of land, type of irrigation, amount of water used and cost of irrigation, gender, and age of household head by using ordinary least square regression model. Results showed that access to an irrigation canal and using the tillage method significantly increase household income.
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VALIEV, Ayrat, Andrey DMITRIEV, Kamil HAFIZOV, Ilgiz GALIEV, and Farida NEZHMETDINOVA. "AGRO-BIO-TECHNO PARK AS AN INNOVATIVE FACTOR OF INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURE UNDER GLOBAL CHALLENGES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.118.
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Today developed countries are not just talking about agriculture or agribusiness, but set a strategic goal in developing high-tech and profitable sector of the Bioeconomy as a serious alternative to traditional industries, economies and markets. Modern agriculture and worldwide growth structural change of consumption of food. This factor is directly linked with the global orientation of rural households in the world at improving the productivity of agricultural land, reduction of losses, and increase in food production. The agricultural sector focuses on the production and processing of agricultural products, storage, transportation and sales of finished products. Thus, the agricultural sector requires professionals with expertise and skills relevant to the entire production cycle. The transition to the Bioeconomy market changed the nature and conditions of agricultural workers. The article provides a rationale for the necessity of establishment of an agro-bio-techno park in the Republic of Tatarstan as an innovative factor of increasing competitiveness of agriculture in Russia under global challenges. It represents results of analysis of global challenges for development of agriculture, domestic and international experience of setting up and work of techno parks in the universities and the model of the Agro-bio-techno park establishment at the Kazan State Agrarian University.
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Glaser-Opitzová, Helena, and Mária Vojtková. "THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY RATE OF SLOVAK HOUSEHOLDS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.107.
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Since the goal of any advanced society is to reduce poverty and improve the social status of the population, it is important to know the causes of its emergence. In connection with Slovakia's membership in the European Union, we have taken over European legislation in this area. The Europe 2020 strategy is currently in force in the countries of the European Union, while one of its five main objectives is "Fight against poverty and social exclusion". Poverty research is undoubtedly a topical, multidimensional problem. One of the issues it focuses on is the so-called income poverty. The poverty line is considered to be 60% of the median national equivalent disposable household income. In order for assistance to those at risk to be truly targeted at those who need it most, it is necessary to map the situation in detail and identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the incidence of poverty. In our paper, the subject of analysis will be the quantification of the influence of selected factors from The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database on the at-risk-of-poverty rate in Slovak households. The at-risk-of-poverty rate represents the proportion of people (in percent) in the whole population, whose equivalent disposable income is below the at-risk-of-poverty line. We will verify the impact of selected factors on the at-risk-of-poverty rate using a logistic regression model in the SAS Enterprise Guide statistical tool.
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Stepien, Sebastian, and Jan Polcyn. "Market integration as a determinant of agricultural prices and economic results of small-scale family farms." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.053.
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Due to the specific features of the land factor, under market conditions, there is a tendency towards income deprivation of farms in relation to their surroundings. One way to improve this situation is to create a system of market institutions for farmer-recipient transactions. The issue of the position of the agricultural producer in the food supply chain is widely described in the literature on the subject. Nevertheless, practical analyses showing the real impact of the marketing position on economic results of farm are still rare. Therefore, the aim of this article is to assess the relationship between market integration and agricultural selling prices and, as a consequence, the level of global output and household income. The analysis is based on primary data from surveys of over 700 small-scale family farms in Poland. The choice of small-scale farms was deliberate, as these entities are the most discriminated against in the food supply chain. Explaining this process is key to improving the economic situation of small-scale farming and constitutes a premise for the objectives of agricultural policy and creating business strategy. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive correlation between the level of integration of an agricultural holding and sales prices for selected groups of agricultural products. This, in turn, leads to the improvement of economic condition of farms more closely integrated with the market.
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DZEMYDAITĖ, Giedrė. "AGRICULTURE’S IMPACT FOR THE ECONOMY: INTER-INDUSTRY LINKAGES AND MULTIPLIER EFFECTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.057.
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The role of agriculture sector is understood as being vital for economic development and well being of rural areas. Common agriculture policies in the EU and production shocks in agriculture sector reflect in production changes that causes direct and indirect effects for other industries development in the region, as well as, households’ income. This paper aimed to evaluate agriculture sector’s direct and indirect impacts for the economy by analyzing sectoral linkages and multiplier effects. Input-output analysis techniques were applied. Both output and income multipliers were evaluated. This paper supports the idea that agriculture sectors were more multiplying the economy than other sectors on average. This sector remains important catalyst of the economy, especially while taking into account development challenges in rural areas.
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Ećim Đurić, Olivera, Dragan Kreculj, Danijela Živojinović, and Miloš Vorkapić. "Potential of agricultural biomass in biogas production systems in the Republic of Serbia." In 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/mkoiee.020.8.1.63.
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According to official data, biomass represents the most significant potential of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Serbia. It accounts for about 63% of the total potential, but for now its use is not at a satisfactory level. In total amounts of 14,2·104 TJ, it is estimated that about 9,6·104 TJ is unused. This is still evidently a large available potential, especially in agricultural biomass, with the exception of the binding share of biofuels in the transport sector, whose annual potential is around 7,1·104 TJ. The main obstacles for more intensive biomass processing continue to be the high costs of manipulation, the dispersion of land holdings and especially the time mismatch in the production, processing, and use of biomass, which certainly increases storage costs. In the former analyzes, the most widespread use in households, biomass has in direct combustion and production of thermal energy, or in the production of pellets and briquettes, where it is still less represented in relation to forest biomass. Although in the last few years the growth trend of biogas power plants is growing, and the total installed capacity is about 20 MW, this sector has the greatest potential for development in the coming years, especially in local communities, that are primarily focused on agricultural production. The paper deals with the condition analysis of the production, processing, transport, and the possibility of applying agricultural biomass, for the purpose of cogeneration electricity and heat production. The impact of the use of biomass on the protection and sustainability of the environment is also considered, through the analysis of a case study on the examples of territorial units in Vojvodina.
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NOVIKOVA, Anastasija, Lucia ROCCHI, and Vlada VITUNSKIENĖ. "CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR AGROECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN LITHUANIA: FIRST RESULTS FROM A CHOICE EXPERIMENT PILOT SURVEY." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.113.
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The paper focuses on the presentation of the construction of the research path for eliciting willingness to pay for agroecosystem services through choice experiments in Lithuania. This paper reports on use of a survey-based choice modelling method where repetitive choice situations about alternatives of agri-environmental schemes are created, for revealing how inhabitants of Lithuania value public goods, created in agroecosystems (wildlife populations, quality of drinking water and the formation and improvement of agricultural landscape); the attitudes of the residents of Lithuania concerning the maintenance of these environmental services in the countryside; to elicit Lithuanian households' WTP and the demand for abovementioned services. Two pilot surveys were implemented between 2015 June – July in order to test and improve the choice experiment questionnaire. The result of these surveys showed that the questionnaire is accepted and well understood by the respondents. The results of the modelling shows that all the attribute coefficients are significant and the signs are as expected, positive for the environmental attributes and negative for the price attribute; moreover the model fits well and could be used for the massive survey.
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Saxena, Rakhi, Promila Sharma, Pratibha Joshi, and Kavita Narwal. "Environmental Problems Among Rural Women and Management of Occupational Health and Safety." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100341.
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Women have long occupied a central place in agriculture production in developing countries, ensuring food security for their household and communities, but this role is not performed without adverse consequences for health. The major consequences include health risks owing due to women’s use and exposure to hazardous agro-chemicals/pesticides, farm-related accidents or physical injuries and exposure to hazardous solid fuel in the interior house. Developing countries like India have many polluting sources that produce high level of human exposure. Indoor air pollution in developing countries from biomass smoke is considered to be a significant source of public health hazard, particularly to the poor and vulnerable women and children. Women and children face the greatest exposure to the harmful health effects of pollution. Women traditionally carry out most household chores and spend a considerable part of their time indoors. The pollution also affects young children under their mothers’ care. Another source of high risk of ill health in rural India is exposure to spray of pesticides in the fields. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. Moreover, in developing countries the users are rather careless in handling pesticides. The high risk groups exposed to pesticides include the production workers, formulators, sprayers, mixers, loaders and agricultural farm workers. During manufacture and formulation, the possibility of hazards may be more because the processes involved are not risk free. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. Moreover, in developing countries the users are rather careless in handling pesticides. All pesticides in a given chemical group generally affect the human body in the same way; however, severity of the effects varies depending on the formulation, concentration, toxicity and route of exposure of the pesticide. Descriptive cum experimental research design was chosen for the study. The study was carried out in two districts Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital. Purposive cum Random sampling design was used to select the study area. Total sample size was comprised of 240 women from rural areas of Uttarakhand state in India. Experimental data was recorded through various scientific instruments and descriptive data was collected through interview schedule, awareness scales, and observation sheet. On the basis of anthropometric measurements the 5th, 50th and 95th percentile was calculated for the designing of personal protective equipments (gloves and coverall) through CAD for reducing the hazards of pesticide spraying and designing of chimney for minimizing the hazards of smoke originated by traditional cooking source. It was found from investigation that indoor air pollution and pesticide hazards were almost same for the families of hill region but sufferings related to indoor air pollution and pesticide hazards were more in the plain region as compare to hill region. The healthy and natural environmental conditions in the hill region and less dense housing of this region were the cause of less suffering from cooking smoke and pesticide spraying conditions. Taking the above fact into account the chances of diseases, risks and hazards were less for families of hill region.
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Munoz, Juan Fernando. "High oleic palm oil: Uses and applications." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/eoga3312.
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High oleic palm oil (HOPO) is the result of an agricultural innovation. A non-GMO palm, more resistant to diseases such as bud rot, with a higher oil yield per area than E.guineensis palm, was obtained. Its oil is mostly unsaturated; its oleic acid content is 10-15% higher compared to African palm oil. It has a higher content of beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A) and natural antioxidants such as tocotrienols and tocopherols (Vitamin E).HOPO can be refined by a special process that allows the oil to retain most of the nutritional components that are present in the crude oil. A refined red colored oil is obtained, with high beta-carotene and vitamins content, which can be fractionated to produce red oleins and stearins, for various applications where its color and nutritional value can be exploited.The objective of this conference is to share our experience in the use and commercialization of HOPO, highlighting its advantages in the formulation of edible oils and in industrial applications.High oleic red palm olein can be used as a cooking oil in households, imparting a pleasant reddish-gold color to food. Both red olein and stearin can be used in the production of baked goods, allowing these foods to retain part of the vitamins given by the oil, and as a source of natural beta-carotene.Traditionally refined high oleic palm olein, being more unsaturated than E. guineensis palm olein, is more resistant to crystallization in cold climates, which allows it to replace imported seed oils in edible oil formulas. Industries that produce snacks and fried foods also use this oil due to its high resistance to oxidation and its lower content of saturated fatty acids than traditional palm olein, facilitating the production of shortenings reduced in saturated fat, which is increasingly required by different industries in Latin America.
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Raj, Rengalakshmi, Thamizoli Perumal, and Venkataraman Balaji. "MobiMOOC – A Practical Learning Tool to Promote Corporate Literacy for Effective Functioning of Farmer Producer Organizations." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.2639.
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Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood to more than 70% of rural households in India. Of the total farmers, 87% are small-holders with less than two hectares of land. Yet they play an imperative role in agriculture development and poverty reduction. They face constraints to adopt technologies, access credit services, buy inputs, get market links and achieve economies of scale. As a mitigation measure, in the recent past, Indian government has adopted the development of the Farmer Producer Organization (FPO) to collectivize farmers with the core objectives of doubling farmers income by reducing production costs, improving productivity, strengthening participation in the value-chain and foster business principles. As on date 10,000 FPOs are formed in India with an average 700 to 1000 shareholders and registered under the company’s act. However, there have been gaps and challenges in securing the active participation of the shareholders in contributing to the business. The recent impact study conducted in the state of Maharashtra pointed out that FPOs resulted in rising in price realization among 22% of members and 28% accessed inputs at a lesser cost. Although results are encouraging, promoting the participation of all members in business transactions is crucial to the growth of the company. The main barriers are limited understanding among shareholders about their roles, responsibilities, rights, operational structure, and governance of the organization. Members perceive the FPO as one more collective and thus they miss connecting the corporate dimension in their organization. Thus, promoting continuous learning among shareholders and leaders about the above-listed issues is necessary for their active participation in the company activities and achieving a successful business. // Against this backdrop, a corporate literacy course was designed and piloted using the MobiMOOC digital tool with 24 FPOs from five districts, having an average shareholder base of 1035, in Tamil Nadu, India. Contents are prepared based on the learner's needs assessment conducted and categorized into blocks, divided into units and chunks. The contents were disseminated to farmers as voice calls on simple mobile phones with options of retrieving (IVRS) and listening when convenient to individual farmers. In this paper we will discuss the experiences of pedagogy adopted, design and dissemination of contents, feedback of learners on how it supported in gaining and knowledge on FPOs, and how they practiced the learning in their FPOs businesses and its impacts. The paper will also touch upon the scope for replication of the learnings.
Reports on the topic "Agricultural household mode"
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Corral, Leonardo, and Giulia Zane. Chimborazo Rural Investment Project: Rural Roads Component Impact Evaluation. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003046.
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This paper evaluates the impact of rural roads improvement works to benefit indigenous communities in the highlands of Ecuador, largely dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. The findings suggest that the program had a positive impact on health and that it increased enrollment in secondary education. We find no evidence that treated households increased their investment in plot improvements and agricultural inputs. However, household members are more likely to report self-employment in agriculture as their main occupation. The effect on agricultural output and sales was positive but not statistically significant. Finally, there is no evidence that the program had any positive effect on overall household income, female empowerment and food security.
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Matita, Mirriam, Matita, Mirriam, Ephraim Wadonda Chirwa, Stevier Kaiyatsa, Jacob Mazalale, Masautso Chimombo, Loveness Msofi Mgalamadzi, and Blessings Chinsinga. Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Livelihood Trajectories: Evidence from Rural Malawi. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.003.
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The authors of this paper attempt use quantitative methods to determine the different factors of livelihood trajectories in the context of agricultural commercialisation. To do this, they draw on primary evidence from household surveys conducted over a span of ten years in Mchinji and Ntchisi districts, in rural Malawi. The authors hypothesise that households that are more commercialised are more likely to expand their investments in agriculture and/or take up livelihoods outside of agriculture. Crucially, they find that factors driving livelihood trajectories are not the same for farmers in different pathways, and highlight the need for policymakers to study findings emphasise the need to adopt context-dependent development approaches, in order to provide sustainable relief from poverty for farming households.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Pretari, Alexia. Resilience in North East Ghana: Impact Evaluation of the Climate Resilient Agricultural and Food Systems (CRAFS) project. Oxfam GB, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2019.5235.
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This evaluation is presented as part of the Effectiveness Review Series 2017/18 on resilience programming. The Climate-Resilient Agricultural and Food Systems (CRAFS) project took place in four districts of the Upper East, Northern and Upper West regions, between April 2015 and March 2018, by Oxfam, PAS-Garu, PARED, ProNet North and NANDRIDEP. Project activities took place at district, community, household and individual level and included raising awareness on climate change impact, the need to adapt to it, and the restoration of the natural resource base. This evaluation used a quasi-experimental approach to assess the impact of the project activities in building resilience capacities. Multi-dimensional indices of resilience, and of resilience capacities were developed at the household level, taking into account household level characteristics, individual level characteristics for women and men within the household, and intra-household dynamics. Overall, CRAFS had a positive and significant impact on the overall resilience index, driven by a positive impact on adaptive and transformative capacities. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Adelaja, Adesoji, Justin George, Thomas Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Titus Awokuse, Adebayo Aromolaran, and Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie. How Conflicts Affect Land Expansion by Smallholder Farmers: Evidence from Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.015.
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The expansion of smallholder farms into larger farm sizes is a key strategy for growing agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. This strategy could simultaneously expand farm incomes while addressing poverty since the majority of farms in sub-Saharan Africa are smallholder farms. There is limited existing research on the possible role of conflicts in stymying the ability of smallholder farmers to transition into larger-scale farming and on the impacts of conflicts in areas that are not directly within active conflict zones. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of conflict on the ability of smallholder farmers to transition to larger scales in two regions that are not in a traditional conflict zone, by developing a household utility maximisation model to explain choices made by farm households in response to conflict.
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Malek, Mohammad Abdul, Aiko Kikkawa, Yasuyuki Sawada, and Abdul Kalam Azad. Rural Development in Bangladesh Over Four Decades: Findings from Mahabub Hossain Panel Data and the Way Forward. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/ppxg8315.
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The Mahabub Hossain Panel Data (MHPD) was initiated in 1988 and maintained by and named after the late Mahabub Hossain, a well-known agricultural and development economist who led a number of reputed organizations in Bangladesh (Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies and BRAC) and in the region (International Rice Research Institute). We portray the historical context, sampling evolution, survey structure and methodology, and academic and policy contributions of the MHPD with some lessons learned for the next step forward. The MHPD has tracked rural households for a period of over 3 decades (1988–2014) with five waves of household surveys covering over 2,800 households and has collected a wide range of information on household composition, schooling of household members, assets, cropping intensity and patterns including cost and return, employment and income, consumption, participation in different government and nongovernment programs. We reviewed several books and journal articles authored by Mahabub Hossain and related academic papers and documents and collated information on MHPD, including (i) mapping out information on past and ongoing panel or cross-sectional household survey data series in Bangladesh; (ii) undertaking the review of all past rounds of MHPD survey documents, such as survey implementation plans, questionnaires, codebooks, databases, and processed data; (iii) consulting relevant stakeholders, including the past implementers of the surveys and the users of the data as needed to validate documented information; (iv) taking stock of the contribution of MHPD to academic literature and policy development; and (v) drawing a number of lessons learned for future data collection and policy making. The report aims to (i) serve as a comprehensive reference document for scholars and policy makers who wish to understand MHPD for possible use in their research; and (ii) provide a comprehensive baseline from which we can consider ways to enhance MHPD further to continue contributing to understanding the economic and social issues of today and near future. By compiling all associated research work based on MHPD, we offer a historical landscape of Bangladesh’s social and economic development and a credible explanation for the Bangladesh development model for global comparison.
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Omotilewa, Oluwatoba, Thomas Jayne, and Milu Muyanga. The Farm Size-Productivity Relationship: Evidence From Panel Data Analysis of Small- and Medium-Scale Farms in Nigeria. APRA, Future Agricultures Consortium, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.040.
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The finding that smaller farms are more productive than larger farms has long been documented. At present, evidence in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region has been largely limited to data from farms operating 5ha and below. Examining changes in farm size distributions and their relationship with agricultural productivity is important not only for agricultural economists and development researchers but also for evidence-based policymaking which goes beyond the current smallholder-led strategies for development in the region. This study examined the dynamics of farm operations between small-scale farms (SSFs) and medium-scale farms (MSFs) over time in different farm size categories and their relationship with agricultural productivity using farming household data spanning 0–40ha in Nigeria.
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Savani, Manu, and Alastair Stewart. Making Market Systems Work for Women Dairy Farmers in Bangladesh: A final evaluation of Oxfam's Gendered Enterprise and Markets programme in Bangladesh. Oxfam GB, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2019.5365.
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Gendered Enterprise and Markets (GEM) is Oxfam GB’s approach to market systems development. The GEM approach facilitates change in market systems and social norms, with the aim of ensuring more sustainable livelihood opportunities for marginalized women and men. The GEM DFID AidMatch Programme (June 2014–February 2018) worked within the soya, milk and vegetable value chains targeting women smallholder farmers in areas of poverty. The programme aimed to benefit 63,600 people (10,600 smallholder households) living in Zambia, Tajikistan and Bangladesh through increases in household income, women having greater influence over key livelihood decisions within their households and communities, and engaging in livelihoods more resilient to shocks, such as natural disasters and market volatility. The GEM programme in Bangladesh was implemented under Oxfam Bangladesh’s flagship REE-CALL programme (Resilience, through Economic Empowerment, Climate Adaptation, Leadership and Learning). GEM operated in seven districts across Bangladesh, with the project activities implemented by seven local partners. The project aimed to establish 84 producer groups for smallholder dairy farmers, and this was achieved during the first year. Building on these local networks, GEM aimed to deliver a suite of training and support covering assertiveness, rights and leadership skills, agricultural practice and disaster risk management. The evaluation was designed to investigate if and how the GEM programme might have contributed to its intended outcomes – not only in the lives of individual women smallholder farmers targeted by the programme but also in changes in their communities and the larger market system. It also sought to capture any potential unintended outcomes of the programme.
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Morgan, Miranda, Alastair Stewart, and Simone Lombardini. Making Market Systems Work for Women Farmers in Zambia: A final evaluation of Oxfam's Gendered Enterprise and Markets programme in the Copperbelt region of Zambia. Oxfam GB, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2019.5389.
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Gendered Enterprise and Markets (GEM) is Oxfam GB’s approach to market systems development. The GEM approach facilitates change in market systems and social norms, with the aim of ensuring more sustainable livelihood opportunities for marginalized women and men. The GEM DFID AidMatch Programme (June 2014–February 2018) worked within the soya, milk and vegetable value chains targeting women smallholder farmers in areas of poverty. The programme aimed to benefit 63,600 people (10,600 smallholder households) living in Zambia, Tajikistan and Bangladesh through increases in household income, women having greater influence over key livelihood decisions within their households and communities, and engaging in livelihoods more resilient to shocks, such as natural disasters and market volatility. In Zambia, the GEM programme has been implemented in four districts of the Copperbelt Province in coordination with implementing partners Heifer Programmes International and the Sustainable Agricultural Programme (SAP). The GEM programme in the Copperbelt seeks to directly improve the livelihoods of an estimated 4,000 smallholder farmers (75 percent women) in the dairy and soya value chains through improved production skills, resilience to climate risks, access to market opportunities, greater engagement with market players and strengthened ability to influence private sector and government actors. The evaluation was designed to investigate if and how the GEM programme might have contributed to its intended outcomes – not only in the lives of individual women smallholder farmers targeted by the programme but also to changes in their communities and the larger market system. It also sought to capture any potential unintended outcomes of the programme.
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Frisancho, Verónica, and Martín Valdivia. Savings Groups Reduce Vulnerability, but Have Mixed Effects on Financial Inclusion. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002910.
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This paper evaluates the impact of the introduction of savings groups on poverty, vulnerability, and financial inclusion outcomes in rural Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on both survey and administrative records, we investigate the impact of savings groups after more than two years of exposure. We find t hat savings groups channel expensive investments such as housing improvements and reduce households' vulnerability to idiosyncratic shocks, particularly among households in poorer districts. The treatment also induces changes in households labor allocation choices: access to savings groups increases female labor market participation and, in poorer areas, it fosters greater specialization in agricultural activities. Access to savings groups also leads to a four-percentage point increase in access to credit among women, mainly driven by access to the groups loans. However, the introduction of savings groups has no impact on the likelihood of using formal financial services.On the contrary, it discourages access to loans from formal financial institutions and microfinance lenders among the unbanked.