Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agricultural growth/Pakistan

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Agricultural growth/Pakistan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Agricultural growth/Pakistan.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Agricultural growth/Pakistan"

1

Asim, Hafiz, and Muhammad Akbar. "Sectoral growth linkages of agricultural sector: Implications for food security in Pakistan." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 6 (June 18, 2019): 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/314/2017-agricecon.

Full text

Abstract:

Does the growth in non-agricultural sectors spill over to the agricultural sector of an economy? There is limited evidence available on the issue for the developing world, especially for Pakistan which has undergone large structural changes since its independence. This study examined the impact of sectoral growth linkages on agricultural output of Pakistan for the period of 1960–2016. We have estimated an econometric model which incorporates inter-sectoral linkages of Pakistan economy using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Our analysis revealed that the economy of Pakistan has shifted from an agricultural dominant economy to services-based economy during the past six decades. Results of VECM show that the industrial sector has a negative impact on the performance of agricultural output whereas services sector is influencing the output of agriculture sector positively in the long run. Short run results show that industrial sector is affecting the performance of agricultural output positively whereas services sector is influencing the output of agriculture sector negatively. Negative impacts of industry in the long run and services in the short run imply that agricultural sector should be given its due share in public investment and the role of middle man should be minimised at the time of sale of agricultural production in the markets.<br />

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Malik, Sohail Jehangir, Asjad Tariq Sheikh, and Amir Hamza Jilani. "Inclusive Agricultural Growth in Pakistan— Understanding Some Basic Constraints." Pakistan Development Review 55, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2016): 889–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.889-903.

Full text

Abstract:

Inclusive agricultural growth is important for overall economic growth and particularly critical for rural socio-economic stability and poverty reduction in Pakistan. The majority of Pakistan‘s population and 44 percent of the overall labour force are dependent upon agriculture which only accounts for a little over 20 percent of national GDP. The paper highlights some basic constraints that have not been explicitly addressed in the policy research and implementation and have impeded inclusive agriculture growth. A descriptive analysis based on data from the Agriculture Census of Pakistan and the Pakistan Household Income and Economic Survey—both of which were conducted in 2010-11—is used to show how high levels of poverty and its disparity across regions, combined with the declining size of operated holdings and associated fragmentation especially in the smallest size categories which now form over 60 percent of the agricultural holdings in Pakistan, are fundamental constraints. Poverty is both the result as well as the consequence of fragmented markets, weak institutions including governance; and, inadequate policy research and implementation. A better research based policy understanding of some basic constraints, and the variations across regions in such factors such as the declining size and fragmentation of operated farms, rural poverty; and, the levels of market development and institutions is essential along with effective implementation. One size fits all policies have not and will not work. JEL Classification: O40, Q15, I32, P46 Keywords: Inclusive Growth, Land Holding, Land Tenure, Income Distribution, Poverty

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Chaudhary, Mohammad Aslam. "Regional Agricultural Underdevelopment in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (December 1, 1994): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.889-898.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study an attempt has been made to analyse regional agricultural growth in Pakistan in the light of the regional spread of the Green Revolution and its impact on productivity and output growth of this sector. The regional inequality in the spread of the Green Revolution can lead to several other inequalities and it may cause social and economic problems, for example, inequality in income, social tension and political unrest. Therefore, its study is important. Our main focus of the study is to identify linkages between the regional spread of the Green Revolution and increase in productivity in the agriculture sector. Such an inequality in the growth of agriculture could also be a source of relative under development of a certain region. To study such events and for comparison, an analysis of all the regions of Pakistan has been carried out. Table 1, shows inequality in the growth of agriculture in Pakistan and in its regions since 1960-61 to 1990-91.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

PATHANIA, Rajni. "Estimating Effects of Agricultural Inputs on Growth of Agricultural Production: A comparative study of India and Pakistan." Journal of Global Economy 12, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i2.426.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: The present study compares the relationship between agricultural inputs and agricultural production growth in India and Pakistan during the period 1991-92 to 2013-14. In this study we used five variables fertilizer usage, electricity consumption in agricultural sector, irrigation, Public Investment in agricultural sector and agriculture production.Â The econometric results suggest that fertilizer usages, electricity consumption and public investment have significant on agricultural production in India as well as in Pakistan. Only one independent variable irrigation has insignificant but positive impact on agricultural production in both economies.Â The distinctive implication for Indian and Pakistan policymakers is that there is need to increase public investment in agriculture sector it may be in area of agriculture research, rural infrastructure, storage and marketing facilities. More public investment should be encouraged in agricultural backward regions of both nations.Keywords: Agricultural inputs, Agricultural Production, Public investment, fertilizer usages, Electricity consumptionJEL classification: Q1, Q12, Q15, Q120, Q110Â

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hashmat, Afsheen, and Ghulam Ghouse. "The Role of Technological Advancement in Agriculture Sector and Economy of Pakistan." iRASD Journal of Economics 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2019.0101.0002.

Full text

Abstract:

This study is designed to explore the role of technological advancement in agricultural sector in the context of economy of Pakistan. The data set are based on the period from 1972 to 2019. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing employed to identify the short run and long run relationships between the technological advancement in agricultural sector and gross domestic product. The Granger causality also applied to find out the direction of causal relationships. The ARDL cointegration results indicates that there is positive relationship between technological advancement in agricultural sector and gross domestic product in short run and long run. The Granger causality results also indicate that the GDP growth also Granger cause the agriculture technology. And stability tests show that the model CUSUM and CUSUM of squares indicate that models are valid. The results suggest that technological advancement in agricultural sector has positive impact on GDP in case of Pakistan economy. Technological advancement in agricultural sector strengthens the Pakistan’s economy. There is need to pay more attention by the government administration to provide technological facilities in agricultural sector, properly and efficiently to get more benefits which ultimately enhance the agriculture growth and development of Pakistan’s economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ali, Gulzar, Ghulam Mustafa, and Said Zamin Shah. "Performance of Agriculture Sector in Foreign Trade of Pakistan." I V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(v-i).02.

Full text

Abstract:

The vigorous and dynamic expansion and technical progression of the agriculture productivity pave the way to considerable achievements in providing raw materials to the industrial sector and fulfilling domestic demand. The agriculture sector has an imperative role in poverty reduction, growth, increased employment opportunities and increasing foreign exchange reserves through exportable agricultural products. In short, agriculture is the backbone of economic stability and development in the country. This study is an attempt to investigate the performance of the agriculture sector and its impact on Pakistans foreign trade. The findings of the study revealed the affirmative and noteworthy role of the agriculture sector in the foreign trade of Pakistan during 1980-2017. The policymakers and government of Pakistan should encourage private and public investors for agriculture investment to enhance the production and agricultural exports.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ahmad, Shakeel, Muhammad Tariq, Touseef Hussain, Qasir Abbas, Hamidullah Elham, Iqbal Haider, and Xiangmei Li. "Does Chinese FDI, Climate Change, and CO2 Emissions Stimulate Agricultural Productivity? An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 7485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187485.

Full text

Abstract:

Pakistan’s agricultural sector growth is dwindling from the last several years due to insufficient foreign direct investment (FDI) and a drastic climate change-induced raise in temperature, which are severely affecting agricultural production. The FDI has paramount importance for the economy of developing countries as well as the improvement of agricultural production. Based on the time series data from 1984 to 2017, this paper aims to highlight the present situation of the agriculture sector of Pakistan and empirically analyze the short-run and long-run impact of Chinese foreign direct investment (CFDI), climate change, and CO2 emissions on agricultural productivity and causality among the variables. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) model and Granger Causality test were employed to find out the long-run, short-run, and causal relationships among the variables of interest. Furthermore, we have employed the Error Correction Model (ECM) to know the convergence of the equilibrium path. The bound test results verified the existence of a long-run association, and the empirical findings confirmed that Chinese FDI has a significant and positive impact, while climate change and CO2 emissions has negative impact on the agricultural growth of Pakistan both in the short-run and long-run. Granger Causality test results revealed that variables of interest exhibit bi-directional and uni-directional causality. The sector-wise flow of FDI reveals that the agriculture sector of Pakistan has comparatively received a less amount of FDI than other sectors of the economy. Based on the findings, it was suggested to the Government of Pakistan and policymakers to induce more FDI in the agriculture sector. Such policies would be helpful for the progress of the agriculture sector as well as for the economic growth of Pakistan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ali, Shujat. "Total Factor Productivity Growth and Agricultural Research and Extension: An Analysis of Pakistan’s Agriculture, 1960-1996." Pakistan Development Review 44, no. 4II (December 1, 2005): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v44i4iipp.729-746.

Full text

Abstract:

Pakistan’s agriculture has grown rapidly since the 1960s, with an average annual growth of about 4 percent over the four decades till the end of the century. Agricultural growth at this rate was sustained by the technological progress embodied in the high-yielding varieties of grains and cotton, with supporting public investment in irrigation, agricultural research and extension (R&E), and physical infrastructure. This rate of agricultural growth has significantly contributed to the overall economic growth of about 6 percent per year during this period. Sustaining this performance presents a considerable challenge for the public policy framework for agriculture, not the least for the agricultural research and extension system in Pakistan. The central role of technological change in increasing agricultural productivity is well established in the wake of the Green Revolution experience across much of Asia. In the context of Pakistan, it has been estimated that almost 58 percent of the total output growth from 1960 to 1996 was due to technological change [Ali (2000)]. While improvements in the physical and market infrastructure, farmer education, price policies, and weather, all have their place in enhancing agricultural production, R&E investments has been regarded by far the most important contributor to agricultural productivity growth [Evenson and Rosegrant (1993); Byerlee (1994)].

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Haider, Azad, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain, Wimal Rankaduwa, and Farzana Shaheen. "Nexus between Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Agricultural Land Use in Agrarian Economy: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052808.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper analyses the relationship between Nitrous Oxide emissions, agricultural land use, and economic growth in Pakistan. Agriculture largely contributes to Nitrous Oxide emissions. Hence, models of agriculture induced Nitrous Oxide emissions are estimated in addition to models of total Nitrous Oxide emissions. Estimated models accommodate more flexible forms of relationship between economic growth and emissions than those of the widely adopted models in testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration and the vector error correction model approach is applied to test the Environmental Kuznets’s Curve hypothesis for Pakistan and to detect the directions of causality among variables using the time series data for the period 1971 to 2012. Results indicate that an N-shaped rather than an inverted U-shaped relationship exists in the case of Pakistan. The tipping values for total Nitrous Oxide emissions and agriculturally induced Nitrous Oxide emissions indicate that Pakistan passes through a phase of increasing environmental degradation. Increases in agricultural land use and per capita energy use will increase the level of Nitrous Oxide emissions. However, controlling Nitrous Oxide emissions from agricultural land use and per capita, energy use without adversely affecting economic development will be a serious policy challenge for Pakistan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Balagamwala, Mysbah, Haris Gazdar, and Hussain Bux Mallah. "Synergy or Trade-Off between Agricultural Growth and Nutrition Women’s Work and Care." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2015): 897–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.897-913.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examines the implications of women‘s work in agriculture and children‘s nutritional outcomes in Pakistan. Agricultural growth is an important element of overall economic growth and poverty reduction. It is generally presumed that growth in agriculture will also lead to better nutrition through the higher availability of nutritious foods and increased incomes for the poor. Growth, however, might also imply changes in the amount of time and effort women expend in agricultural work. This may have positive outcomes for nutrition if women have access to their own income, but might also have negative consequences if women‘s agricultural work diminishes their ability to provide nutrition-related care for themselves and their children. The cotton sector which relies very largely on women‘s labour, particularly in harvesting [Siegmann and Shaheen (2008)], can serve as a key vantage point for observing the link between women‘s agricultural work, care and nutrition outcomes in Pakistan. We first set the context for our research by discussing the problem of under nutrition in Pakistan and why agriculture can play a role in improving nutritional outcomes (Section 2). In Section 3, we introduce the concept of care as it exists in the literature the determinants of nutrition review the existing evidence on the relationship between care and women‘s agricultural work. Empirical findings from qualitative research in a cotton-growing region in Pakistan are reported in Section 4. The paper concludes in Section 5 with discussion on how growth in agriculture can be made more inclusiv

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agricultural growth/Pakistan"

1

Dhanani, S. "Application of a social accounting matrix (SAM) fixed-price multiplier model to agricultural sector analysis in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382509.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lohano, Hari Ram. "Agricultural Growth and Poverty Dynamics in Rural Pakistan : A Longitudinal Survey in Sindh Province (1987/88 - 2004/05)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507773.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ali, Shujat. "Productivity growth in Pakistan's agriculture, 1960-1996." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0014/NQ61621.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Agricultural growth/Pakistan"

1

Ali, Mubarik. Productivity growth and resource degradation in Pakistan's Punjab: A decomposition analysis. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Rural Development Dept., 2000.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Faruqee, Rashid. Pakistan's agriculture sector: Is 3 to 4 percent annual growth sustainable? Washington, DC: World Bank, 1995.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

1938-, Faruqee Rashid, ed. Strategic reforms for agricultural growth in Pakistan. Washington, D. C: World Bank, 1999.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Faruqee, Rashid, ed. Strategic Reforms for Agricultural Growth in Pakistan. The World Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-4336-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Faruqee, Rashid. Pakistan's Agriculture Sector: Is 3 to 4 Percent Annual Growth Sustainable? The World Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1407.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Sauer, Eberhard, ed. Sasanian Persia. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401012.001.0001.

Full text

Abstract:

The Sasanian Empire (third-seventh centuries) was one of the largest empires of antiquity, stretching from Mesopotamia to modern Pakistan and from Central Asia to the Arabian Peninsula. This mega-empire withstood powerful opponents in the steppe and expanded further in Late Antiquity, whilst the Roman world shrunk in size. Recent research has revealed the reasons for this success, notably population growth in some territories, economic prosperity and urban development, made possible through investment in agriculture and military infrastructure on a scale unparalleled in the late antique world. This volume explores the empire’s relations with its neighbours and key phenomena which contributed to its wealth and power, from the empire’s armed forces to agriculture, trade and treatment of minorities. The latest discoveries, notably major urban foundations, fortifications and irrigations systems, feature prominently. An empire whose military might and urban culture rivalled Rome and foreshadowed the caliphate will be of interest to scholars of the Roman and Islamic world.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Gujar, G., Y. Andi Trisyono, and Mao Chen, eds. Genetically Modified Crops in Asia Pacific. CSIRO Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486310913.

Full text

Abstract:

Meeting future food needs without compromising environmental integrity is a central challenge for agriculture globally but especially for the Asia Pacific region – where 60% of the global population, including some of the world’s poorest, live on only 30% of the land mass. To guarantee the food security of this and other regions, growers worldwide are rapidly adopting genetically modified (GM) crops as the forerunner to protect against many biotic and abiotic stresses. Asia Pacific countries play an important role in this, with India, China and Pakistan appearing in the top 10 countries with acreage of GM crops, primarily devoted to Bt cotton. Genetically Modified Crops in Asia Pacific discusses the progress of GM crop adoption across the Asia Pacific region over the past two decades, including research, development, adoption and sustainability, as well as the cultivation of insect resistant Bt brinjal, drought-tolerant sugarcane, late blight resistant potato and biotech rice more specific to this region. Regulatory efforts of the Asia Pacific member nations to ensure the safety of GM crops to both humans and the environment are also outlined to provide impetus in other countries initiating biotech crops. The authors also probe into some aspects of gene editing and nanobiotechnology to expand the scope into next generation GM crops, including the potential to grow crops in acidic soil, reduce methane production, remove poisonous elements from plants and improve overall nutritional quality. Genetically Modified Crops in Asia Pacific provides a comprehensive reference not only for academics, researchers and private sectors in crop systems but also policy makers in the Asia Pacific region. Beyond this region, readers will benefit from understanding how GM crops have been integrated into many different countries and, in particular, the effects of the take-up of GM cropping systems by farmers with different socioeconomic backgrounds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Agricultural growth/Pakistan"

1

Kurosaki, Takashi. "The Agriculture–Macroeconomy Growth Link in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh: 1900–2000." In Agricultural Development in the World Periphery, 207–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66020-2_8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Davies, Stephen, and William Young. "Unlocking Economic Growth Under a Changing Climate: Agricultural Water Reforms in Pakistan." In World Water Resources, 109–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65679-9_7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Inam-ul-Haq, M., Sajjad Hyder, Tahira Nisa, Shagufta Bibi, Sohaib Ismail, and M. Ibrahim Tahir. "Overview of Biopesticides in Pakistan." In Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture, 255–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6790-8_21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Dorosh, Paul, Emily Schmidt, and James Thurlow. "Chapter 12. Agricultural Growth, Poverty, and the Rural Nonfarm Economy: A Spatial Economy-wide Analysis." In Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan, edited by David J. Spielman, Sohail J. Malik, Paul Dorosh, and Nuzhat Ahmad. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812294217-015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

KUROSAKI, TAKASHI. "LAND-USE CHANGES AND AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IN INDIA, PAKISTAN, AND BANGLADESH, 1901-2004." In New and Enduring Themes in Development Economics, 303–30. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812839428_0014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

"An Analysis of the Linkage Between Agricultural Exports and Economic Growth in Pakistan." In Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Issues in Food Marketing, 23–40. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315865287-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Murtaza, Ghulam, Muhammad Saqib, Saifullah, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Naveed, and Abdul Ghafoor. "Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts Through Treatment and Management of Low Quality Water for Irrigation in Pakistan." In Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, 1181–98. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9621-9.ch053.

Full text

Abstract:

The Indus Plains of Pakistan are situated in arid to semi-arid climate where monsoon rains are erratic and mostly fall in the months of July and August. These rains are not only insufficient to grow even a single crop without artificial irrigation but also cause flood havoc very frequently that is associated with the climate change. The Indus river transports water for agriculture, industry and domestic usage within the basin and downstream. The Indus Basin is among the few basins severely affected by global warming and resulting climate change. The alteration in temporal and spatial patterns of rainfall has resulted in unexpected drought and floods. About 70 to 80% of total river flows occur in summer season due to snow melt and monsoonal rainfalls. Lack of storage reservoirs has decreased the ability to regulate flood water as well as its potential use during the drought season along with cheap hydro-electricity generation. The sedimentation in the system has limited the storage capacity of the existing three reservoirs by 28%. Consequently carry over capacity of these storage structures is only 30 days compared to 120 to 220 days in India and 900 days in Colorado Basin. Pakistan is facing shortage of good quality water due to competition among agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, this scenario will continue rather will further aggravate in future. According to the climate change scenario, the warming is reflected in the river-flow data of Pakistan, especially during the past 2-3 decades. To bridge the gap between fresh water availability and demand, ground water is being pumped to meet the irrigation requirements of crops. The pumped ground water (70-80%) is brackish and could become a sustainability issue in the long run. The prolonged agricultural uses of such water will deteriorate soils, crops and human living environments. Water quality parameters usually considered include electrical conductivity (EC) for total soluble salts, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) reflect the sodicity hazards. In order to limit or even to eliminate adverse effects of such waters, certain treatment and/or management options are considered as important pre-requisites. For bringing down high concentration of total soluble salts, dilution with good quality water is the doable practice. To decrease high SAR of irrigation water, a source of calcium is needed, dilution (with good quality water) will decrease SAR by the square root times of the dilution factor, while use of acids will be cost-intensive rather may adversely impact the soil health. For high RSC, dilution with low CO32-+HCO3- water will serve the purpose, addition of Ca-salts will raise Ca2++Mg2+ to bring a decrease in water RSC, while acids will neutralize CO32-+HCO3- to lower water RSC. Gypsum is the most economical and safe amendment while acids could also decrease RSC but at higher relative cost. City wastewater and seed priming in aerated gypsum solution is also presented. Such practices at small and/or large scale surely will help a lot to sustain the food security and the environment in the days to come where climate change has to be experienced round the world. Therefore, a well-coordinated program is necessary to create awareness among different sections of the society including the policy makers, general public, organizations, industrialists and farmers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sauer, Eberhard W. "Introduction." In Sasanian Persia, 1–18. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401012.003.0001.

Full text

Abstract:

The Sasanian Empire (third-seventh centuries) was one of the largest empires of antiquity, stretching from Mesopotamia to modern Pakistan and from Central Asia to the Arabian Peninsula. This mega-empire withstood powerful opponents in the steppe and expanded further in Late Antiquity, whilst the Roman world shrunk in size. Recent research has revealed the reasons for this success, notably population growth in some territories, economic prosperity and urban development, made possible through investment in agriculture and military infrastructure on a scale unparalleled in the late antique world. This volume explores the empire’s relations with its neighbours and key phenomena which contributed to its wealth and power, from the empire’s armed forces to agriculture, trade and treatment of minorities. The latest discoveries, notably major urban foundations, fortifications and irrigations systems, feature prominently. An empire whose military might and urban culture rivalled Rome and foreshadowed the caliphate will be of interest to scholars of the Roman and Islamic world.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Murtaza, Ghulam, Muhammad Saqib, Saifullah, Muhammad Zia-ur Rehman, Muhammad Naveed, and Abdul Ghafoor. "Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts through Treatment and Management of Low Quality Water for Irrigation in Pakistan." In Reconsidering the Impact of Climate Change on Global Water Supply, Use, and Management, 84–101. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1046-8.ch006.

Full text

Abstract:

The Indus Plains of Pakistan are situated in arid to semi-arid climate where monsoon rains are erratic and mostly fall in the months of July and August. These rains are not only insufficient to grow even a single crop without artificial irrigation but also cause flood havoc very frequently that is associated with the climate change. The Indus river transports water for agriculture, industry and domestic usage within the basin and downstream. The Indus Basin is among the few basins severely affected by global warming and resulting climate change. The alteration in temporal and spatial patterns of rainfall has resulted in unexpected drought and floods. About 70 to 80% of total river flows occur in summer season due to snow melt and monsoonal rainfalls. Lack of storage reservoirs has decreased the ability to regulate flood water as well as its potential use during the drought season along with cheap hydro-electricity generation. The sedimentation in the system has limited the storage capacity of the existing three reservoirs by 28%. Consequently carry over capacity of these storage structures is only 30 days compared to 120 to 220 days in India and 900 days in Colorado Basin. Pakistan is facing shortage of good quality water due to competition among agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, this scenario will continue rather will further aggravate in future. According to the climate change scenario, the warming is reflected in the river-flow data of Pakistan, especially during the past 2-3 decades. To bridge the gap between fresh water availability and demand, ground water is being pumped to meet the irrigation requirements of crops. The pumped ground water (70-80%) is brackish and could become a sustainability issue in the long run. The prolonged agricultural uses of such water will deteriorate soils, crops and human living environments. Water quality parameters usually considered include electrical conductivity (EC) for total soluble salts, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) reflect the sodicity hazards. In order to limit or even to eliminate adverse effects of such waters, certain treatment and/or management options are considered as important pre-requisites. For bringing down high concentration of total soluble salts, dilution with good quality water is the doable practice. To decrease high SAR of irrigation water, a source of calcium is needed, dilution (with good quality water) will decrease SAR by the square root times of the dilution factor, while use of acids will be cost-intensive rather may adversely impact the soil health. For high RSC, dilution with low CO32-+HCO3- water will serve the purpose, addition of Ca-salts will raise Ca2++Mg2+ to bring a decrease in water RSC, while acids will neutralize CO32-+HCO3- to lower water RSC. Gypsum is the most economical and safe amendment while acids could also decrease RSC but at higher relative cost. City wastewater and seed priming in aerated gypsum solution is also presented. Such practices at small and/or large scale surely will help a lot to sustain the food security and the environment in the days to come where climate change has to be experienced round the world. Therefore, a well-coordinated program is necessary to create awareness among different sections of the society including the policy makers, general public, organizations, industrialists and farmers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Barker, Graeme. "Central and South Asia: theWheat/Rice Frontier." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0010.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter intentionally overlaps with Chapter 4 in its geographical scope, as there is no clear boundary between South-West and South Asia. Western Asiatic landforms—mountain ranges, alluvial valleys, semi-arid steppe, and desert—extend eastwards from the Iranian plateau beyond the Caspian Sea into Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and there are similar environments in South Asia from Baluchistan (western Pakistan) and the Indus valley into north-west India as far east as the Aravalli hills (Fig. 5.1). Rainfall increases steadily moving eastwards across the vast and immensely fertile alluvial plains of northern India. The north-east (Bengal, Assam, Bhutan) is tropical, with tropical conditions also extending down the eastern coast of the peninsula and up the west coast as far as Bombay. Today the great majority of the rural population of the region lives by agriculture, though many farmers also hunt game if they have the opportunity. The ‘Eurasian’ farming system predominates in the western part of the region: the cultivation of crops sown in the winter and harvested in the spring (rabi), such as barley, wheat, oats, lentils, chickpeas, jujube, mustard, and grass peas, integrated with animal husbandry based especially on sheep, goats, and cattle. A second system (kharif ) takes advantage of the summer monsoon rains: crops are sown in the late spring at the start of the monsoon and harvested in the autumn. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main summer or kharif crop (though millets and pulses are also key staples), grown wherever its considerable moisture needs can be met, commonly by rainfall in upland swidden systems and on the lowlands by flooding bunded or dyked fields in paddy systems. The systems are referred to as ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ rice farming respectively. Rice is the primary staple in the eastern or tropical zone receiving the greatest amount of summer monsoon rain. This extends from the Ganges (Ganga) valley eastwards through Assam into Myanmar (Burma) and East Asia. There are something like 100,000 varieties of domesticated Asian rice, but the main one grown in the region is Oryza indica. A wide range of millets is also grown as summer crops in rain-fed systems throughout the semi-arid tropical regions of South Asia, including sorghum or ‘great millet’, finger millet, pearl or bullrush millet, proso or common millet, foxtail millet, bristley foxtail, browntopmillet, kodo millet, littlemillet, and sawamillet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!