Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agricultural factors and GDP

Academic literature on the topic 'Agricultural factors and GDP'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Agricultural factors and GDP"

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El-Khalifa, Zainab Shawky, Hoda Farouk Zahran, and Ahmed Ayoub. "Climate Change Factors' Impact on the Egyptian Agricultural Sector." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 12, no. 3 (August 29, 2022): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i3.4600.

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Climate change is the greatest threat to agriculture and food security, particularly in developing countries. Climate change occurs as CO2 levels in the atmosphere rise, causing changes in wind patterns and rainfall and rising temperatures. This study assumes that climate change will have a long-run impact on Egypt's agricultural sector. So, an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was applied to examine the effects of climate change factors and other economic factors on Egyptian agricultural GDP in the short and long run from 1990 to 2020. The findings indicate that climate change factors have a long-run impact on Egypt's agricultural sector. In the long run, CO2 is the primary cause of Egypt's increasing temperatures. In the short run, climate change occurs because CO2 levels in the atmosphere increase, resulting in global warming, storms, floods, and rising sea levels. The result is that rising temperatures have reduced agricultural GDP.
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Jussibaliyeva, A. K., A. B. Soltanbayeva, and S. S. Tleuberdiyeva. "The Agricultural Factors Influencing the Economic Development of Kazakhstan." Economics: the strategy and practice 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2022-4-145-157.

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This article aims to identify the impact of factors of agriculture on the economic growth of Kazakhstan. The literature review analyzes the current state of the agricultural sector and indicates the role of Kazakh agriculture in the development of the economy in world. Using the SPSS program, a multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between six independent variables and one dependent variable of economic growth expressed as GDP per capita. When constructing the regression, four factors were used, namely investments in agriculture, productivity, livestock of cattle and poultry, and gross output of agricultural services, in addition, the interest rate and the unemployment rate were also taken into account. Descriptive statistics for variables were taken from the Bureau of National Statistics from 2003 to 2021. Three hypotheses were put forward, and two were accepted on a 5% significance level. The third hypothesis was not rejected, and at the same time, there was no evidence to accept it either. According to the results, a small change in GDP per capita as an investment in agriculture and crop yield change by one unit. Also, the difference in a dependent variable while cattle and poultry livestock and gross output of agricultural services change by one unit were insignificant when α=0.05. The government can use the results of the study to develop the economy from the perspective of agriculture.
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Popović, Goran, Ognjen Erić, and Jelena Bjelić. "Factor Analysis of Prices and Agricultural Production in the European Union." ECONOMICS 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2020-0001.

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AbstractCommon agricultural policy (CAP) is a factor of development and cohesion of the European Union (EU) agriculture. The fundamentals of CAP were defined in the 1950s, when the Union was formed. Since then, CAP has been reforming and adapting to new circumstances. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union defines the goals of CAP: stable (acceptable) prices of agricultural products, growth, productivity and technological progress in agriculture, growth in farmers’ income and supplying the common market. Factor analysis of the prices and production goals of CAP directly or indirectly involves the following variables: prices of agricultural and industrial products, indices of the prices of cereals, meat and milk, indices of the prices of agricultural products in France and Great Britain, agricultural GDP and EU GDP. The analysis results come down to 2 factors. The first – “internal factor” is a set of indicators homogenous in terms of greater impact of CAP on their trends (the prices of agricultural products in France, income from agriculture, the prices of agricultural products in EU and Great Britain and the milk price index). The second - “external factor” is made of general and global indicators (cereals prices, EU GDP and prices in industry). Factor analysis has confirmed high correlation of goals: production growth, productivity and technological progress in agriculture as well as “reasonable” prices in agriculture. The analysis shows high correlation between agricultural and industrial products, indices of the prices of cereals, meat and milk, indices of the prices of agricultural products in France and Great Britain, agriculture GDP and EU GDP (classified into internal and external factors). In general, the results of the factor analysis justify the existence of CAP, while the EU budget support brings wider social benefits.
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Jha, Prabhat, and Shiva Chandra Dhakal. "Factors of Production Influencing Gross Domestic Product in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 19, no. 2 (October 10, 2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.39389.

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This study has analysed the factors of production, viz; agricultural land, working force and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) of Nepal between 2000/01-2017/18 AD and has determined their effects on national income, viz; Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by using Cobb-Douglas regression function. The results showed an average growth rate of GDP, agricultural land, working force and GFCF to be 3.9%, 0.8%, 1.5% and 7.9%, respectively, with the values plummeting in 2015/16, due to occurrence of the devastating earthquake in 2015, but then again variable values skyrocketed following years. The regression analysis found that GDP was affected significantly by agricultural land and working force, but insignificant with GFCF. On an average, with the increase in agricultural land and working force by 1 %, GDP increased by 1.1% and 1.7%, respectively. Thus, policy regarding an increment of agricultural land use and employment of labour force must be framed to improve the Nepalese economy.
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Phiri, Joseph, Karel Malec, Socrates Kraido Majune, Seth Nana Kwame Appiah-Kubi, Zdeňka Gebeltová, Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková, Mansoor Maitah, Kamil Maitah, and Patricia Naluwooza. "Durability of Zambia’s Agricultural Exports." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010073.

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This paper establishes the determinants of the export durability of agriculture products in Zambia with specific attention to maize, sugar, cotton, and tobacco between 1996 and 2019. We find that approximately 39% of Zambia’s agricultural products were exported beyond the first year of trading and less than 10% lasted up to 6 years of trading. The mean and median duration of exporting agricultural products in Zambia was 1.7 years and 1 year, respectively. Among the products, maize had the highest export duration after the first year of trading, followed by sugar, tobacco, and cotton. Results of the discrete-time logit and probit models with random effects revealed that the duration of total agricultural products was significantly impacted by common colony, contiguity, partner’s gross domestic product (GDP), Zambia’s GDP, initial exports, and total exports. Of these factors, colonial history and Zambia’s GDP reduced export duration, while contiguity, partner’s GDP, initial exports, and total exports increased the durability of exports in Zambia. The effect of Zambia’s GDP was uniform across all individual agricultural products. Total exports also significantly impacted all other agriculture products in a similar manner except for maize. Export durability for cotton was significantly impacted by the Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), while the export durability of tobacco was significantly impacted by distance, contiguity, and partner’s GDP. To increase the duration of agriculture exports, we propose the exporting of finished agriculture products (and not just raw materials), which have a higher market value and duration probability. Farmers also need support with export subsidies, increased foreign market access (especially to economies with higher buying power), and negotiated favorable trade terms in the region and around the globe.
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Tesfaye, Eyayu. "Determinants of Agricultural Export in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel Study." American Journal of Trade and Policy 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2014): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v1i2.364.

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Despite the critical importance of agriculture in SSA countries; there are constraints behind, between, and beyond the border that directly and indirectly affects agricultural export performance of these countries. This paper attempts to explain theoretically and assess empirically the demand and the supply side factors affecting agricultural export of SSA countries. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the relative importance of the two major factors in determining the countries agricultural export performance. Panel data set with fixed effects estimation technique is used to address the question. The data set covers 47 SSA countries over the periods 2000-2008.The estimation result shows that on the supply side, factors such as real GDP, real GDP (lagged) of exporting country and lagged agricultural input use positively and significantly affects agricultural export of the SSA countries. The study also indicates that on the demand side the effect of per capita GDP of US, the major trading partner of SSA countries, is positive and significant. Moreover, the effect of US import tariff imposed on agricultural products from SSA countries is negative and significant. Therefore, the overall result reiterates that both supply side and demand side factors are equally important in determining agricultural export performance of SSA countries.
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Utebayevna, Kdyrbaeva Gulan. "Increasing The Share Of The Agricultural Economy In The Country's Gross Domestic Product." American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations 3, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/volume03issue05-04.

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The content of the article is devoted to the scientific basis for increasing the share of the agricultural economy in GDP. In this regard, proposals are being made to increase the factors affecting the efficiency of agriculture. By increasing agricultural efficiency, we will be able to increase GDP and provide employment for the country’s workforce. In this way, we will improve the living standards of the population, that is, increase the income of the population through self-employment. The main purpose is to make proposals for the construction of agriculture based on innovative technologies based on modern technologies. That is, we can achieve GDP growth in the country through the use of intensive methods.
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Huang, Tingting, and Bin Xiong. "Space Comparison of Agricultural Green Growth in Agricultural Modernization: Scale and Quality." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12071067.

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Promoting agricultural green growth has become an indispensable key content to speed up the process of agricultural modernization, has become a necessary prerequisite to achieve common prosperity of the rural people, and has become the basic practice of implementing people-centered development thought in the stage of high-quality development. Many researchers have studied the problems, level measurement and route choice of the growth of agriculture. However, there have been few studies on how to promote the agricultural green growth from the perspective of agricultural modernization, and how to combine the green agricultural GDP with the agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP). To address this research inadequacy, in this paper, we focus on the time and space comparison of green agricultural GDP, agricultural GTFP, and their source decomposition, and summarize and discuss the key factors affecting agricultural GTFP. The results show that the share of output value of green agriculture in Tongren City is relatively high within the region of the province, and there is a large temporal and spatial difference between the change of agricultural GTFP and agricultural technology utilization efficiency and agricultural technology progress. At the same time, the improvement of economic development level can significantly promote the rise of agricultural GTFP, agricultural technology utilization efficiency, and agricultural technology progress. On balance, our results compare green agricultural GDP, agricultural GTFP, and their source decomposition in time and space, and reveals their evolution law and development trend from the perspective of high-quality development of agricultural modernization. In this way, we can provide an empirical basis and decision-making reference for accelerating the high-quality development of agricultural modernization.
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Potelwa, Xolisiwe Yolanda, Moses Herbert Lubinga, and Thandeka Ntshangase. "Factors Influencing the Growth of South Africa’s Agricultural Exports toWorld Markets." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 34 (December 31, 2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n34p195.

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The paper assesses the factors influencing South Africa’s agricultural export growth to its cardinal destinations between 2001 and 2014. A gravity model was used to present investigation of trade flows that has been validated as a suitable tool in determining export growth. The findings indicate that an improvement in South Africa’s and importer’s GDP causes an increase in agricultural exports. Distance and political stability have been shown to have no influence on the growth of agricultural exports to its trading partners. The importer’s population and the export capacity showed a positive relationship on the growth of South Africa’s agricultural exports to its trading partners. Trading agreements, which include AGOA and the TDCA with the EU, show a positive impact on increase in export performance. Therefore, the results suggest that South Africa should focus on countries with a growing population and GDP to improve agricultural export growth and market diversification.
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Kathula, Domeniter Naomi. "Factors Impacting Agricultural Production and the Role of Agricultural Extension Services in Kenya." Journal of Agriculture 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4115.

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Productivity in agricultural is also important for spurring economic growth in other sectors. Farmers live in remote rural areas and make up 75% of the world’s poor. In Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), productivity in agriculture lags behind globally, and is below the required standards of achieving food security, poverty goals and food sufficiency. As an important sector in the Kenyan economy, agriculture continues to dominate other sectors despite its declining contribution to real GDP. The development in agriculture is that one which revolutionizes the industry by bringing forth profitable agriculture and environment friendly solutions. Kenya government through the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, have in the past tried to pass information to the farmers via agricultural extension officers. However, the quality of the information disseminated to the farmers has not been up to date, information delivery has not been good, the mode of communication also questionable owing to literacy levels of our farmers and indeed that of the extension officers, information technology has not been embraced fully making it difficult for our farmers to progress with their counterparts in other parts of the world. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the factors impacting agricultural production and the role of agricultural extension services in Kenya. This study is anchored on Diffusion of Innovations Theory. The study employed a mixed design involving a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approach. And the target population was made up of farmers, officers from the ministry of agriculture and officers from agricultural extension service providers. Data was gathered using both structured questionnaire and interview guides. The collected data was analysed with the aid of SPSS software using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed a coefficient of determination (R squared) of 0.319 implying that agricultural extension services explains 31.9 % of the variation in agricultural production in Kenya. The study also showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between agricultural extension services and agricultural production in Kenya (β=1.561, p=.003<.05). The study concludes that agricultural extension services play a significant role in improving agricultural production in Kenya because agricultural extension services offers technical advice on agriculture to farmers. It is thus recommended that agricultural extension service delivery should be boosted through timely recruitment, periodic training of agents and provision of adequate logistics to the farmers. Keywords: Agricultural extension services, agricultural factors, agricultural production, farmers in Kenya
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agricultural factors and GDP"

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Arala, Ibrahim Olusegun. "THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL LOANS ON AGRICULTURAL GDP IN NIGERIA." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2676.

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Previous studies have shown a significant and positive relationship between agricultural output and long run economic development. Nigeria, with current extreme poverty rate of 48% is also characterized with high level of food insecurity. The country however, has about 99 million ha of arable land which supports numerous farming activities. Therefore, there exist an opportunity to increase agricultural output and achieve economic development. Further studies also showed that the percentage of agricultural loans to total loans in Nigeria have been declining over the last 15 years which suggests some form of neglect of the sector. This paper therefore examined the impact of agricultural loans and other relevant variables on agricultural GDP in Nigeria with a view to estimate a regression model that can explain variability in agricultural GDP. All the data used were secondary data collected from the annual statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (2018) and USDA, Economic Research Service (Nov. 2019). Ordinary Least Square regression model was used to estimate regression parameters and to show relationship between the variables. Analyzed results showed that agricultural GDP in Nigeria is statistically dependent on agricultural loan, government expenditure and available farm land. The result was statistically tested to be significant at >=95% level of confidence. Further results also showed that agricultural loan in Nigeria is statistically dependent on agricultural credit guarantee and Non-performing loan ratio. This was also tested to be significant at >=95% level of confidence.The study recommended that the results calls for more allocation of credit for agricultural purposes, more government spending to agriculture and more funding of the agricultural credit guarantee program by the government.
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Sundberg, Victor, and Claes Frid. "GDP dependence on health, environment, education and economic factors." Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129201.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence that certain factors have on the gross national product (GDP) and to categorize in what way they contribute, by either having a positive or a negative influence, and how significant each of them are. Educational, environmental, economic and health factors are all investigated in this study. Using data provided by the World Bank, covariates are chosen from previous named areas and multiple linear regression analysis is used to produce a primary model. This model is then refined in to the final model. The covariates used in the final model are discussed to what extent and in what manner they contribute. The theory used in this paper will be explained briefly.
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Jondell, Assbring Malin. "What factors affect economic growth in China?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16828.

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The objective of this thesis is to find out what factors have been the main sources of economic growth in China in 2003 and 2010. It also aims to find out whether the Solow model can be used to explain growth in China, if factors of growth are the same in rich and poor regions, whether the factors are the same in 2003 and 2010 and if the results are in line with previous research. The theoretical framework is the Solow model. Empirical tests are performed using econometrics, and therefore this thesis has a quantitative approach. Factors used are growth in GDP per capita which is tested against investments, household savings, the level of GDP per capita, population growth, healthcare and education. The results show that the Solow model can explain economic growth in China. Investments, the level of GDP per capita and population growth are the factors most significant to growth. In poor regions, both investments and population growth are more significant than in rich regions, whereas healthcare is more significant in rich regions. Investments and population growth also have a smaller impact in 2010 than 2003. Healthcare is more significant in 2010 and than 2003, and education is only significant in 2010. Previous research shows a wide range of results, and the results of investments and population growth are consistent with those.
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Andrews, Neill. "Driving factors for national competitiveness in Africa as measured by GDP per capita." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43965.

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Competitiveness has been part of central, monetary policy making for over 500 years where regions have aimed to improve competitiveness and productivity by focussing on specific factors. The focus of the research was to identify which factors are most relevant for the African continent on determining competitiveness which will allow policy makers to understand how best to direct their investment with the greatest productivity return. The research methodology was quantitative in nature, based on secondary data from the Global Competitiveness Report over the past five years. The sample included 39 of the 54 African countries which are the countries on which the report collected data from. The unit of analysis was GDP per capita. A multivariate Generalised Linear Model with a log link function and Gamma error structure was built. The results showed that the order of importance for Africa was macroeconomic stability; infrastructure; technological readiness; and market size with the other factors not having a material influence. Building a similar model on all the countries have included two additional factors namely health and primary education as well as higher education and training. This indicates that certain structural factors are more important for countries in the developing phase such as Africa.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lmgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Choi, Youn Su. "Risk Factors for Childhood Agricultural Injury." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269028264.

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Nazir, Maliha. "ESSAYS ON DOMESTIC FACTORS DRIVING ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS AND EMIGRATION." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1468.

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This dissertation investigates various micro and macro level domestic factors affecting attitudes towards immigrants and emigration of international students. The first chapter examines if an individual’s religiosity affects his attitude against immigrants in jobs in rich and poor countries using data from World Values Survey, wave 6 for the period 2010-2014. The main finding of this study is that per capita income affects an individual’s attitudes against immigrants in getting hired but religiosity does not matter in affecting attitudes of people against immigrants in rich and poor countries. The second chapter explores Europeans opposition against Muslims, Jewish and Roma immigrants based on perceived economic, religious and security threats in strong and weak economies using European Social Survey for the period 2014-2015. The results suggest that the state of economy dominates a respondent’s perception of economic, religious or security threats against banning Muslims, Jews and Roma immigrants. The third chapter sheds lights whether corruption in countries promote students to study abroad using data on outbound students from UNESCO for the period 1999-2015. The results indicate that corruption promotes emigration of international students for only high income countries in the sample but this result does not hold for low and middle income countries.
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Olagunju, Emmanuel Gbenga. "Remote Sensing for Agricultural Land Use Changes and Sustainability Monitoring in Sudan." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15279.

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The remote sensing technology is increasingly being used to study land use and vegetation cover changes and identify changes that has occur through different land use activities which may have negative impact on the sustainability of the environment, biodiversity protection and conservation. With increase in population growth rate in Sudan, there has been an increase for food crop production with agriculture playing a prominent role in livelihood security for the increasing population.

 

The increase use of irrigation and mechanisation has brought about an increase in demand for agricultural land use in Sudan with the conversion of other land use types and vegetation for agricultural land use. This does have effect and impact on the vegetation and environment with the country highly exposed to the incidence of environmental and social hazards and disasters including drought and desertification, deforestations, floods, loss of biodiversity, ethnic conflicts and poverty.

 

The research study work focused on agricultural land use changes in the country with the aim of investigating the agricultural land use changes that has occurred in the country from 1986 to 2002 using the remote sensing technique. This is important for agricultural land use planning and sustainability monitoring to reduce the negative impact of agricultural land use for crop production and increase long term resource use and environmental sustainability. Two remote sensing methods were used for the classification analysis to identify the land use changes namely the NDVI and the parallelepiped classification techniques. The NDVI method was used to identify the changes in the agricultural land use vegetation cover classes and determine the magnitude of changes in land area use that has occurred from 1986 to 2002 when the former and latter remote sensing images were acquired. The parallelepiped classification technique was however used to identify the aggregate agricultural land use changes in the area of study and conversion to and from other categories of land use. A qualitative analytic technique was also used to identify the possible causes of the changes that have occurred in Sudan in the study period using empirical materials.

 

The research study result gives information on the role the remote sensing technology can play in analyzing land use cover changes for agricultural land use sustainability monitoring.

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Tungate, Kimberly Denise. "Environmental factors influencing weed interference in agricultural systems." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07072004-001526/.

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In all agricultural systems using few or no herbicides, cultural and mechanical techniques are crucial to economic viability. Further advances in non-chemical weed control will require in-depth knowledge of weed biology. The objective of new strategies likely will be to alter competitive interactions between crop and weed species. An important part of weed biology, and often the basis for competitiveness, is species response to the environment. Environmental conditions differ greatly in different parts of the world. In agricultural systems, the low nitrogen status of some soils requires most crops to be amended. Weed populations can experience a wide range of fertilization regimes from year to year due to different crop rotations. Fertilization patterns in a rotation can lead to differential growth and reproductive performance of weeds and competitiveness with crops. In research described in the first two chapters, we attempt to determine the extent that lowering parental nutrition would impact weed growth, reproduction, and offspring vigor. The purpose was to begin evaluating benefits of controlling nitrogen fertility in agronomic systems on low fertility soils. Another environmental factor that could influence weed competitiveness is temperature. The significance of temperature responses will become increasingly important in the future. Global climate change models are predicting increases in the earth?s average surface temperature between 1.4- 5.8 ºC during the 21st century. As temperatures increase it is conceivable that warmer temperatures will alter competitive balance between crop and weed species, intensifying weed pressures. The expression of temperature response also will be a function of other interacting factors such as the ability to acquire water and nutrients. Resource acquisition is controlled to a large extent by root growth and interactions with soil microorganisms. The third chapter of this thesis is focused on temperature responses of selected plant species from an agroecological system. The purpose was to begin assessment of possible climate change effects on weed competitiveness. All of our experiments made extensive use of the weed Senna obtusifolia due to its importance in crops in the Southeastern U.S.
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Pendell, Austin. "Factors impacting Kansas agricultural land values: 1986 - 2009." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15792.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Kevin Dhuyvetter
Land accounts for more than 75% of a farm operation’s total assets and thus knowledge of land values are very important to landowners. However, many other parties, including lenders, appraisers, investors, and researchers also have significant interest in land markets. Over the past few decades, land prices in Kansas have increased significantly for many different reasons. The main objective of this research is to estimate the impact of various factors on Kansas land values using a hedonic regression model. In cooperation with the Property Valuation Department (PVD) of the Kansas Department of Revenue, farmland market transactions from 1986 to 2009 were obtained for this study. Hedonic models were estimated using Ordinary Least Squares to determine the impact of interest rates, urban areas, location, parcel size, and income on nominal and real Kansas land values. The estimated nominal and real models explained 24.1% and 17.2% of the variation in land prices, respectively, and the results from this study are generally consistent with previous research. This research went further into investigating the relationship between PVD data and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) surveyed data. Results from this study indicate that USDA surveys significantly underestimate the true market for land prices across Kansas.
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Lawver, Rebecca Grace Torres Robert M. "Factors influencing agricultural education students' choice to teach." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6168.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 15, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Robert M. Torres. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Agricultural factors and GDP"

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Zuidema, L. Performance assessment factors for agricultural researchers. The Hague: International Service for National Agricultual Research, 1990.

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Haantuba, Hyde. Factors affecting agricultural production in Zambia. [Lusaka]: Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, 1998.

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Haantuba, Hyde. Factors affecting agricultural production in Zambia. [Lusaka]: Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, 1998.

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Brooks, Jonathan. Factors conditioning the transfer efficiency of agricultural support. Paris: OECD, 1997.

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Brooks, Jonathan. Factors conditioning the transfer efficiency of agricultural support. Paris: OECD, 1997.

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Austin, James E. Agroindustrial project analysis: Critical design factors. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

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Singh, Raghunath. Dry land technology: Factors and adoption. Jodhpur: Agrobios (India), 2008.

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1938-, Ragsdale Nancy N., Hylin John W, Sisler Hugh D, Witt James M, Alford Harold G, and National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (U.S.), eds. Health and environmental factors associated with agricultural use of fungicides. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (NAPIAP), 1991.

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van, Velthuizen Harrij, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Sustainable Development Dept., eds. Mapping biophysical factors that influence agricultural production and rural vulnerability. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2007.

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Ahrendsen, Bruce Louis. Factors influencing changes in commercial banks' market share of agricultural loans in Arkansas. Fayetteville, Ark: Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agricultural factors and GDP"

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Gulati, Ashok, Pallavi Rajkhowa, Ranjana Roy, and Pravesh Sharma. "Performance of Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 145–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9335-2_6.

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AbstractMadhya Pradesh emerged as the state with the highest growth rate in agriculture. Long clubbed with the so-called BIMARU group of poor northern, central and eastern states, MP successfully broke ranks to set a scorching pace of growth, which has been unparalleled in the past quarter-century. Understanding the factors that helped to drive this growth and drawing lessons for other states at similar levels of development is the main objective of this chapter. Madhya Pradesh’s agricultural GDP increased at 8.1% per annum during 2005–06 to 2016–17, surpassing even record holder Gujarat’s 6% agricultural growth in the same period. The last three years have been even more spectacular: agricultural GDP increased at 11.8% per annum. Keeping this background in mind, this chapter has used secondary data published by the government to study the composition, sources and drivers of agriculture growth in Madhya Pradesh and the lessons that can be drawn for developing states. Although MP has recorded a significant decline in poverty rates from 53.6% in 2004–05 to 35.7% in 2011–12, there is still much to be done to improve the livelihood of the rural population. Moreover, MP’s per capita income is low, standing at Rs. 51,798 per annum (FY14 at current prices) as compared to the national annual average income of Rs. 74,380. Although it is much better than that of Bihar (Rs. 31,199) and Uttar Pradesh (Rs. 36,250), it remains way below top-performing states like Sikkim (Rs. 176,491), Maharashtra (Rs. 114,392), Haryana (Rs. 133,427) and Gujarat (Rs. 106,831). Therefore, the study also makes policy suggestions to bolster agricultural growth in MP.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Harvest and postharvest factors." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 268–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0014.

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Abstract This chapter discusses harvest and postharvest factors. Harvesting involves the gathering or removal of a mature crop, with minimum damage and losses, from where it has been grown and transporting it on either for direct consumption or into the postharvest handling chain for further storage and distribution. Determination of harvest maturity, hand harvesting, robotic harvesting of greenhouse crops, postharvest handling, grading and storage, fresh-cut salad processing, shelf-life evaluation, packaging, postharvest cooling, postharvest handling damage, GAP - Good Agricultural practices in Postharvest Handling, postharvest storage, postharvest disorders, food safety and hygiene, ready-to-eat, minimally processed produce, certification and food safety systems, and postharvest developments are also discussed.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Harvest and postharvest factors." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 268–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0268.

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Abstract This chapter discusses harvest and postharvest factors. Harvesting involves the gathering or removal of a mature crop, with minimum damage and losses, from where it has been grown and transporting it on either for direct consumption or into the postharvest handling chain for further storage and distribution. Determination of harvest maturity, hand harvesting, robotic harvesting of greenhouse crops, postharvest handling, grading and storage, fresh-cut salad processing, shelf-life evaluation, packaging, postharvest cooling, postharvest handling damage, GAP - Good Agricultural practices in Postharvest Handling, postharvest storage, postharvest disorders, food safety and hygiene, ready-to-eat, minimally processed produce, certification and food safety systems, and postharvest developments are also discussed.
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Neves, Marcos Fava, Vinícius Gustavo Trombin, Frederico Fonseca Lopes, Rafael Kalaki, and Patrícia Milan. "Brazilian GDP versus agricultural GDP." In The orange juice business, 21–22. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-739-4_2.

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Thelin, Anders, and Kelley J. Donham. "Physical Factors." In Agricultural Medicine, 327–50. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647356.ch9.

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Gulati, Ashok, Shweta Saini, and Ranjana Roy. "Going Beyond Agricultural GDP to Farmers’ Incomes." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 281–318. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9335-2_10.

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Gates, David M., and R. J. Hanks. "Plant Factors Affecting Evapotranspiration." In Irrigation of Agricultural Lands, 506–21. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr11.c28.

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Khajikhan, Tansaya. "Gender Difference in Households’ Expenditure on Higher Education: Evidence from Mongolia." In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West, 211–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_11.

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AbstractThe existing evidence suggests that there is a reverse gender gap in higher education in Mongolia. Prior studies on the reverse gender gap in education were based on the gross enrolment rates and did not delve deeper in terms of using empirical data analyzed over an extended time-period. This paper investigates gender bias in the households’ expenditure on higher education and tracks changes over the ten-year period from 2008 to 2018 using empirical data. In this regard, this study examines the factors and determinants responsible for the gender bias in the households’ expenditure on higher education. To address these questions, the study employs the Engel Curve approach (unconditional educational expenditure) and Hurdle model, which estimates bias in the enrolment decisions and bias in the conditional educational expenditure, both at the household and individual level in 2008 and 2018, using the Household Socio-Economic Survey of Mongolia. Its findings illustrate that gender bias in households’ expenditure on higher education does exist, and it favors girls over boys at the household and individual levels in 2008 and 2018. The findings show that households allocate a greater share of education expenditure to females aged 16–18 and 19–24 than to their male counterparts. Statistical analysis suggests that households’ residence and the occupation of household heads are two important factors affecting this gender bias. Thus, if a household resides in the countryside and its head is employed in the agricultural sector, female offspring are more likely to receive higher education than male offspring. Traditional gender roles and the Mongolian way of life, which centers around attending to livestock and requiring a male labor force and the wage gap, are contextual factors that help explain this gender bias.
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Penman, H. L., D. E. Angus, and C. H. M. van Bavel. "Microclimatic Factors Affecting Evaporation and Transpiration." In Irrigation of Agricultural Lands, 481–505. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr11.c27.

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Ekern, P. C., J. S. Robins, and W. J. Staple. "Soil and Cultural Factors Affecting Evapotranspiration." In Irrigation of Agricultural Lands, 522–33. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr11.c29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agricultural factors and GDP"

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Yin, Fei, Chuanhui Zhang, and Qiang Jia. "The Measurement Study on Impact Factors of Xinjing Agricultural GDP." In 2016 International Conference on Economy, Management and Education Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemet-16.2016.230.

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Boiko, Svitlana, Inna Demianenko, Halyna Skrypnyk, and Valentyna Yavorska. "Architectonics of financing of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.006.

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Agriculture is one of the most important types of economic activity for the Ukrainian economy, since together with other related economic activities it forms more than half of Ukraine’s GDP and the share of agriculture in the production of goods and services tends to increase. In such conditions, an important and urgent task is a retrospective study of the architectonics of financing of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, the factors influencing it and the substantiation of the prospects for its optimization. The aim of the study is the empirical assessment of the formation of architectonics of financing of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine under the influence of macroeconomic factors and industry factors. For the empirical assessment of the architectonics of financing of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine, a system of absolute and relative indicators, regression and correlation analysis were applied. An empirical assessment of the financial support of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine in the context of agricultural development allowed to distinguish three periods: 2010-2013 – an increase of financial resources of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine subject to excess of equity, ensuring of financial stability of enterprises; 2014-2015 – reduction of financial resources of agricultural enterprises subject to excess borrowed funds, partial loss of financial stability of enterprises; 2016-2018 – an increase of financial resources of agricultural enterprises in the direction of restoring the potential of financial stability and a deterioration in the payment discipline of the resources of agricultural enterprises.
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Zickiene, Agne. "Resilience in agriculture: how can cap direct payments impact it?" In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.026.

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The increasing frequency and magnitude of adverse meteorological events together with the growing uncertainty in the upcoming future pose more and more challenges to agriculture. Therefore, the future sustainability of agriculture will increasingly depend on its resilience, i.e. the capacity to withstand various perturbations and to recover from them. The direct payment (DP) system of the EU Common agricultural policy (CAP) is the most financed EU support scheme for agriculture; however, research on its impact on the important phenomena of resilience is scarce and fragmented. In order to fill this gap, this paper offers an extensive overview of literature and a summarized list of factors that are mentioned most often as potentially influencing the agricultural resilience. Based on this, the possible impact of DP on agricultural resilience was analyzed. In this paper, it is argued that this impact is transferred mostly through changing farms’ financial capabilities as well as farmers’ attitudes and behavior, and is both positive and negative. Such phenomena as low crop insurance uptake and decrease in productivity may be due to the overcrowding effects of direct payments. These hypotheses are being tested in a survey, conducted in the meantime.
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Bal, Harun, Neşe Algan, Müge Manga, and Esra Ballı. "The Determinants of Middle Income Trap: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01688.

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The term “middle income trap” was firstly used in the World Bank’s Report titled “An East Asian Renaissance Ideas for Economic Growth” (2007), which then swiftly gained wide currency. According to this report, some countries that failed to align themselves with the requirements of changes and diversification of 21st century would remain in their respective income bracket. As long as the labor force of a given middle income country is not gradually transferred from the agriculture sector operating with low levels of productivity into the manufacturing sector which produces high added value products thanks to innovation-based practices, it will be losing its competitive edge as compared advanced countries, leading it to reach a plateau at its given level of income. This study is dedicated to determining whether or not Turkey do suffer from middle income trap, and examining the factors responsible for such trap, if they do so. This study also analyzes the primary causes behind middle income trap by utilizing both social and economic data these countries such as real GDP, inflation, good and services export to GDP, agriculture sector to GDP, Gini coefficient and age dependency ratio utilizing Vector Error Correction Model.
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BOJAR, Waldemar, Marek SIKORA, and Grzegorz DZIEŻA. "CURRENT CHALLENGES OF AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS AGAINST FARMING ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.137.

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The paper investigates circumstances determined modern agriculture and agribusiness challenges and shows methods ensuring sustainability of value-added agriculture and rural areas taking into account, inter alia, climate change, healthy food, organizational and technological progress. The aim of the article is to show that combining the agribusiness circumstances and methods allows to ensure sustainable development, value-added agriculture and rural areas. To verify adjustment farming processes according set up goals the questionnaire survey on farm equipment and information systems was carried out in 2017 in Kujawy &amp;amp; Pomorze region. The questionnaire was sent to all participants in the supply chain of that particular company. The challenge facing modern agriculture is the ability to efficiently implement farm innovations, acquire new knowledge and effective use of the farming progress achievements. Negative effects of intensive farming for environment cause to seek for solutions let face economic and environmental challenges for contemporary agriculture and rural areas development. Serious threatens in a climate change can cause imbalance in food supply and demand. Observed higher frequency and severity of adverse weather events require genotypic adaptation. Hence, some studies on genetic progress in those crops adaptation were presented. Also some approaches how to assess and collect data for yield gap analysis, and to summarize the yield gap explaining factors were identified. The presented results showed that although management and edaphic factors are more often considered to explain the yield gap, both farm characteristics and socio-economic factors often explain the yield gap.
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Kurdyukov, V. N., A. I. Lebedev, M. Hamdi, and A. Ademu. "ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRANSITION STRATEGY TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORIES." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.594-597.

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The article considers ecological-economic obstacles to the transition to sustainable development in various territories. The limitations and gaps of the management decision-making system in the Territories have been identified, as well as the need to adequately take into account the interests of various States and social groups in order to address them. The importance of these factors is growing in the context of the widening development gap between urbanized and agricultural areas.
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Hiramatsu, Yuko, Atsushi Ito, Akira Sasaki, and Rochaporn Chansawang. "A Survey of Forest Bathing Using EEG Measurement for New Tourism after COVID-19." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001803.

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13 million hectares of forest were lost from 2000 to 2010 (ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization) Agricultural development is one of the reasons for this deforestation. The benefits of agricultural developments are significant for residents. On the other hands, If forest protection is important for the world, what brings them better benefits than agricultural developments? It is necessary not to undermine the interests of residents for the cause of other regions, but also to benefit from participating, and to actively embark on forest conservation in order to nurture forests.Considering the global issue of forest conservation, we deal with tourism in nature, especially forest bathing in this paper. Tourists not only give money for local people, but also gives people the perception that forests are not a hindrance to cultivation, but rather meaningful resources for themselves. Research in Japan has been studying the stress reduction effects of forest bathing in the last 10 years. There are physical declines in stress hormones such as blood pressure, pulse and salivary cortisol, promotion of parasympathetic nerve activity, and decreased sympathetic nerve activity even in forest bathing for about 20 minutes (Koyama, 2009). There is also research (Takeda, 2009) that analyzed the atmosphere of forests and measured phytoncide components such as terpenes emanated from trees. It told that forest bathing is effective in reducing physical and mental parts. However, these are often influenced by weather and personal factors of subjects (Alpine,2012). In addition, since the measurement method is complicated for the physiological part, it has not reached the investigation of the scale which can be general-purpose. Research originated in Japan on forest bathing is progressing overseas aiming at the elimination of Over tourism now. We had experiments in Oku-Nikko, the Natural Park in Japan on September and November 2021. We tried to measure effects of forest bathing by performing the degrees of relaxation using EEG Measurement:αwaves increased in certain areas, and multiple subjective evaluations. The participants walked in the forest wearing bandana with simple electroencephalography on the experiments. Though temperatures and deciduous conditions are different in September and in November, effects of forest bathing were observed in both experiments. It is about 26,27℃ in the forest of Oku-Nikko on September. On the other hands, we had the experiment not as high as 10℃ on November. It seems that the situations are not so suitable for experiments in the forest bathing because of the large temperature gap. However, forest bathing has become a hot topic in foreign countries and the compositions of forests varies enclosing temperature are different among those countries. Therefore, considering such different phases is useful for our research, we will lead to the versatility of forest bathing. Participants walked some courses on September. One group walked the same 30-minute course at the forest along a fall in September (n=3) and November (n=10). According to the results of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule（PANAS）scales of 13 participants (yes/no answer), total numbers of “yes” were increased from18 at the start point to 34 after walking. The answer “active” increased from３to 11after the walking in the forest (60 minutes walking). All participants were 20s. They answered that they liked to walk in the nature. However, 5 of them answered the average exercise time per week is less than an hour and 3 participants answered 1 hour or less than 3 hours, 4 participants answered 3 hours or less than 5 hours and only 1 participant answered he exercises 5 hours or less than 10 hours per week. On the other hands, negative items decreased from 14 to 6 after walking in the forest. In addition, αwave came out loudly when 3 participants stopped to see a waterfall which was flowing sideways of the forest in September. According to our experiments, there is a possibility that forest bathing makes people feel better regardless of temperature. Participants became positive after walking in the forest. We have to proceed to analyze the date for subjective evaluation and will examine the EEG data on November, too.We started to research and will continue to use EEG measurement and will have subjective evaluation to enhance evidence for forest bathing enclosing other countries. The forests in Thailand are so different from Japanese ones. Thailand have had too many tourists in several famous cities before COVID-19. There are great forests in Thailand. We will cooperate and will find the common effects of forest bathing. In addition, informing tourists themselves of the effects of forest bathing on the spot using incorporating the brain wave measurement function into the app in the future, it will be useful for new tourism after COVID-19.
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DRĂCEA, Raluca, and Laura CIOBANU. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TO ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ROMANIA." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/08.

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Although agriculture is one of the main economic sectors of Romania, its contribution to GDP has constantly decreased over the last 28 years, from 23.00% in 1989 to 4.37% in 2017. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that Romania’s economy past from being an economy based on an agricultural structure to one based on services. Even though the contribution of agriculture to GDP formation is declining, Romania still has the largest share of the agricultural sector in the GDP structure from all the countries of the European Union – about 3 times higher than the European average, and also the highest share of agricultural land in the total land area. These aspects show that within the member countries of the European Union, Romania is the country most dependent on agriculture, with the largest number of people involved in agriculture and with the largest share of agricultural areas in total. In this context, the paper analyzes the impact of the agricultural sector on Romania’s economic growth, between 2000-2017. The empirical analysis is based on three independent variables (agricultural production, public expenditure on agriculture and direct investment in agriculture) and one dependent variable (GDP at constant prices). The data panel consists of information provided by the NIS (National Institute of Statistics), and the data are analyzed using multiple regression.
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Shi, Yingling, Nansheng Pang, and Liping Wang. "Decomposition on Energy Consumption per GDP Based on Factors Substitution." In 2008 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2008.161.

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Chen, Hao, Sanqing Hu, Jianhai Zhang, and Wanzeng Kong. "Causality Analysis on Macroeconomic Variables: GDP and Four Key Factors." In 3rd International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msetasse-15.2015.174.

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Reports on the topic "Agricultural factors and GDP"

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Marshall, Amber, Krystle Turner, Carol Richards, Marcus Foth, Michael Dezuanni, and Tim Neale. A case study of human factors of digital AgTech adoption: Condamine Plains, Darling Downs. Queensland University of Technology, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227177.

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As global agricultural production methods and supply chains have become more digitised, farmers around the world are adopting digital AgTech such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, blockchain, and satellite imagery to inform their on-farm decision-making. While early adopters and technology advocates globally are spruiking and realising the benefits of digital AgTech, many Australian farmers are reluctant or unable to participate fully in the digital economy. This is an important issue, as the Australian Government has said that digital farming is essential to meeting its target of agriculture being a $100billion industry by 2030. Most studies of AgTech adoption focus on individual-level barriers, yielding well-documented issues such as access to digital connectivity, availability of AgTech suppliers, non-use of ICTs, and cost-benefit for farmers. In contrast, our project took an ‘ecosystems’ approach to study cotton farmers in the Darling Downs region in Queensland, Australia who are installing water sensors, satellite imagery, and IoT plant probes to generate data to be aggregated on a dashboard to inform decision-making. We asked our farmers to map their local ecosystem, and then set up interviewing different stakeholders (such technology providers, agronomists, and suppliers) to understand how community-level orientations to digital agriculture enabled and constrained on-farm adoption. We identified human factors of digital AgTech adoption at the macro, regional and farm levels, with a pronounced ‘data divide’ between farm and community level stakeholders within the ecosystem. This ‘data divide’ is characterised by a capability gap between the provision of the devices and software that generate data by technology companies, and the ability of farmers to manage, implement, use, and maintain them effectively and independently. In the Condamine Plains project, farmers were willing and determined to learn new, advanced digital and data literacy skills. Other farmers in different circumstances may not see value in such an undertaking or have the necessary support to take full advantage of the technologies once they are implemented. Moreover, there did not seem to be a willingness or capacity in the rest of the ecosystem to fill this gap. The work raises questions about the type and level of new, digital expertise farmers need to attain in the transition to digital farming, and what interventions are necessary to address the significant barriers to adoption and effective use that remain in rural communities. By holistically considering how macro- and micro-level factors may be combined with community-level influences, this study provides a more complete and holistic account of the contextualised factors that drive or undermine digital AgTech adoption on farms in rural communities. This report provides insights and evidence to inform strategies for rural ecosystems to transition farms to meet the requirements and opportunities of Agriculture 4.0 in Australia and abroad.
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Staven, Lissa H., Bruce A. Napier, Kathleen Rhoads, and Dennis L. Strenge. A Compendium of Transfer Factors for Agricultural and Animal Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010186.

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Stewart-Wilson, Graeme, and Ronald Waiswa. Taxing Agricultural Income in the Global South: Revisiting Uganda’s National Debate. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.008.

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The issue of agricultural taxation has almost completely disappeared from the scholarly and policy agendas in recent decades. And yet, agriculture is taxed very lightly despite contributing substantially to GDP across many Global South countries today. In some cases, light-touch taxation may be necessary to encourage investment in the sector and to protect small and subsistence farmers. However, anecdotal evidence from countries like Uganda suggests that there are a substantial number of high-income earners engaged in agricultural activities that are sheltered almost completely from any form of taxation. More effectively taxing these high-income earners could provide much-needed resources to finance public service provision in lower-income countries. The time is ripe, this paper argues, to revitalise discussions about how best to tax the agriculture sector.
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Gachot, Sebastien, Carmine Paolo De Salvo, and Gonzalo Rondinone. Analysis of Agricultural Policies in Guyana (2015-2019). Inter-American Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004408.

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The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in Guyanas economic development by contributing 21.15% of gross domestic product (GDP). However, the share of the agricultural sector has been gradually decreasing over the years. This monograph offers an update of the OCDEs Producer Support Estimate (PSE) methodology applied to Guyana for 2015-2019. The PSE approach focuses on two main elements of support: (i) the effect of government policy on prices received by agricultural producers, and (ii) the support provided through budgetary transfers to the sector. The market price support (MPS) remained Guyanas main PSE component. Expressed as a share of the total PSE, Guyanas MPS averaged 59% between 2015 and 2018. Following the end of Government transfers to GuySuCo in 2019, which led to a sharp decline in budget transfers to the agricultural sector, it rose to 96%. The main driver of Guyanas MPS remained the import duties in place to protect domestic producers of poultry meat. This report also documents the evolution of agricultural policies-related greenhouse gas emissions in Guyana for the first time. The poultry subsector, which receives most of the policy support in Guyana, emits little. Sugar and rice, on the other hand, are the commodities with the highest GHG emissions per hectare. To conclude, several policy recommendations are presented.
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none,. Global Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors Contributing to the Recent Increase in Food Commodity Prices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218372.

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Wiggins, Steve, and Julia Compton. Factors leading to agricultural production aggregation and facilitation of the linkage of farmers to remunerative markets. Evidence on Demand, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd.april2016.wigginsetal.

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Kim, Taeyoung, and Christian Langpap. Statistical analysis on the factors affecting agricultural landowners’ willingness to enroll in a tree planting program. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-604.

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Markets, Policies Institutions. Economywide factors affecting agricultural growth and rural transformation: Highlights, lessons learned, and priorities for One CGIAR. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134419.

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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, Ana Rios, and Cicero De Lima. Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Application of the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003794.

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In this paper, we assess the economy-wide impact of Climate Change (CC) on agriculture and food security in 20 Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. Specifically, we focus on the following three channels through which CC may affect agricultural and non-agricultural production: (i) agricultural yields; (ii) labor productivity in agriculture, and; (iii) economy-wide labor productivity. We implement the analysis using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Model (IEEM) and databases for 20 LAC available through the OPEN IEEM Platform. Our analysis identifies those countries most affected according to key indicators including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), international commerce, sectoral output, poverty, and emissions. Most countries experience negative impacts on GDP, with the exception of the major soybean producing countries, namely, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. We find that CC-induced crop productivity and labor productivity changes affect countries differently. The combined impact, however, indicates that Belize, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Paraguay would fare the worst. Early identification of these hardest hit countries can enable policy makers pre-empting these effects and beginning the design of adaptation strategies early on. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, only Argentina, Chile and Uruguay would experience small increases in emissions.
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Bravo-Ureta, Boris E., Eric Njuki, Ana Claudia Palacios, and Lina Salazar. Agricultural Productivity in El Salvador: A Preliminary Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004020.

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The need to enhance food security while reducing poverty along with the growing threat imposed by climate change clearly reveal that it is imperative to accelerate agricultural productivity growth. This paper estimates micro-level production models to identify the major factors that have contributed to productivity growth in El Salvador, including irrigation, purchased inputs, mechanization, technical assistance, and farm size, among others. The econometric framework adopted in this investigation is grounded on recent panel data stochastic production frontier methodologies. The results obtained from the estimation of these models are used to calculate Total Factor Productivity (TFP) change and to decompose such change into different factors, including technological progress, technical efficiency (TE), and economies of scale. The findings imply that efforts are needed to improve productivity in both technological progress and technical efficiency where the latter is a measurement of managerial performance. This in turn indicates that resources should be devoted to promoting the adoption and diffusion of improved technologies while enhancing managerial capabilities through agricultural extension.
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