Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agricultural Credit Lending

Academic literature on the topic 'Agricultural Credit Lending'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Agricultural Credit Lending"

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Nepochatenko, O. O., P. K. Bechko, S. O. Ptashnyk, and V. I. Nagorny. "Development of the bank lending system of agricultural business." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 99 (December 22, 2021): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-99-2-7-17.

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A factor in ensuring reproduction in agriculture is the development of a bank lending system. Currently, the need for credit resources in agriculture requires further development of a specialized system that would meet the requirements and conditions of a modern market economy. Issues of formation and development of the credit system in agriculture are considered both by domestic economic theory and practice and by countries with developed market relations, which are based on the development of the infrastructure of modern credit relations, forms and methods of lending. The sphere of agricultural lending is in the process of formation due to imperfect legislative provision, underdevelopment of the credit products market, and the absence of the vast majority of market infrastructure entities. Solving these problems will help expand the availability of agricultural producers to credit resources, as well as ensure the stabilization and development of the industry. Agricultural production is a strategically important sector of the national economy, the development of which depends on the level of food and national security of the country. The development of the modern agricultural sector as the most important component of the national economy largely depends on external sources of financing, the main of which is bank lending. State support for lending to farmers is an objective necessity. At the same time, limited access of farmers to credit resources of banks makes it impossible to increase production efficiency. Increasing the availability of farmers to credit resources is one of the priority areas for ensuring the dynamic development of agriculture, their functioning on self-financing and self-sufficiency. A well-established lending system plays an important role in lending to agricultural producers. Studies on the development of the bank lending system for agricultural producers indicate the lack of a developed legal framework for providing farmers with bank loans for both operating and investment activities. Preferential lending regime introduced in the practice of lending to farmers in modern conditions does not work due to lack of budget funds.
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Ahrendsen, Bruce L., Bruce L. Dixon, and LaDerrek T. Lee. "Independent Commercial Bank Mergers and Agricultural Lending Concentration." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 31, no. 2 (August 1999): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008506.

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AbstractIn an era of rapid consolidation in banking, the effect of mergers on the availability of credit to agricultural businesses is unclear. Commercial bank mergers have profoundly altered the urban credit marketplace and are positioned to do the same for the agricultural credit marketplace. Adjustment models are estimated with data on independent bank consolidations from 1988 through 1995. The regression results bode well for agricultural lending if acquiring banks have larger concentrations of assets in agriculture than acquired banks. Conversely, if acquiring banks have smaller concentrations than acquired banks, acquisitions have a negative impact on agricultural lending. Since most acquiring banks have smaller agricultural loan concentrations than acquired banks, there is concern for agricultural lending. However, other lenders are likely to fill credit gaps that develop.
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HRYSHCHUK, Nadiia. "The role of credit resources in financial support of agricultural manufacturers in modern economic conditions." Economics. Finances. Law 12/2, no. - (December 24, 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.12(2).3.

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The paper examines the relevance of lending to the agricultural sector as an external source of financing for agricultural producers. Using the analysis of commercial banks, the role of bank lending as an important source of financial support for the functioning of agricultural enterprises is revealed. The analysis of the loan portfolio of agricultural enterprises is carried out with the definition of the dominant feature – the Program of reduction of credit resources due to the introduction of new credit programs. It is outlined that the access of agricultural enterprises to credit resources gives them the opportunity to master the innovative technologies needed to ensure the appropriate level of their competitiveness. The actual offers of credit products for financing the development of agriculture in Ukraine through the tools of preferential lending, specialized banking programs are described. Emphasis is placed on the problems that hinder the development of the agricultural sector, the state of lending to agricultural producers, the regulation of lending to agricultural enterprises. The current state of loans by banking institutions to the agro-industrial complex, stimulation of its development by the state are analyzed and researched, special emphasis is placed on modern programs of credit products, their positioning in line with traditional forms of credit. It is substantiated and proved that credit support for the functioning of agricultural producers in the modern economic environment is aimed at developing a system of interaction with the agricultural sector of the economy, which is an important factor in economic growth, improving the economic situation in a competitive environment. Suggestions and recommendations for more effective financing of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in modern economic conditions are provided.
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Katchova, Ani L., and Peter J. Barry. "Credit Risk Models and Agricultural Lending." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 87, no. 1 (February 2005): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0002-9092.2005.00711.x.

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5

Tomashuk, Iryna. "Теоретичні аспекти сутності банківського кредиту та особливості кредитних відносин в аграрному секторі економіки." Ekonomika APK 319, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202105101.

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The purpose of the article is to study and comprehend the essence of credit as a basic economic category and identify the features of bank lending in the agricultural sector of the economy. Research methods. In the process of research a number of methods were used: abstract-logical - for structuring and theoretical substantiation of the essence of the categorical apparatus of credit and credit relations; methods of comparative analysis and synthesis - to study the evolutionary aspects of credit development and credit relations in society; monographic - in identifying and systematizing the characteristics of credit relations in the agricultural sector of the economy; structural and functional approach for the formation of a conceptual vision of credit as an economic category and providing the specifics of the system of bank lending to agricultural enterprises; graphic - to illustrate and systematize the results of the study. Research results. The ambiguity of the interpretation of the credit category in the modern economic literature is revealed. It is proposed to consider the loan as a system of organizational and economic relations between the lender and the borrower, legally enshrined in the loan agreement, on the provision of funds for temporary use on terms of payment, maturity, intended use, security and return. The dualistic nature of credit efficiency is identified and analyzed. The fundamental nature of the impact of the specifics of agriculture on credit relations in the agricultural sector of the economy is assessed. The legitimacy of the existence of a separate mechanism of credit relations in the agar sector of economies is proved. The essential characteristics and features of agricultural credit are systematized and the priority features of objects of crediting in agriculture are covered. Scientific novelty. Theoretical aspects of structuring the interpretation of the essence of credit and credit relations have been further developed. Substantiation of structural components and features of bank lending of the agar sector of the economy. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used by public and sectoral authorities, as well as banking institutions in developing measures to enhance lending to the agricultural sector of the economy. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 31.
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Tomashuk, Inna, and Iryna Tomashuk. "THEORETICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE MECHANISM OF LENDING TO AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Economic discourse, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2021): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2021-2-7.

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Introduction. Bank lending to farmers remain one of the most important issues that need in-depth research and improvement, as the problem of lack of working capital and relatively low efficiency of production and economic activities of agricultural enterprises is only exacerbated. An effective system of bank lending is able to solve this problem. Methods. In the process of research a number of methods were used: abstract and logical - to determine the essence of the concept, structure and elemental composition of the credit mechanism of agriculture; methods of comparative analysis and synthesis - for study modern aspects of the organization of bank lending to agricultural enterprises; monographic - for identifying and systematizing specific features of the organization of the credit process in the agricultural sector of the economy; structural-functional approach – to form a conceptual vision of the credit mechanism of the agro-industrial complex and its institutional support; graphic - to illustrate and systematize the results of the study; method of analysis of hierarchies - to substantiate the criterion hierarchical system of choice by the borrower of a banking institution. Results. Theoretical views on the essence, structure and elemental composition of the credit mechanism of agro-industrial complex are systematized. The author's vision of the essence of the credit mechanism of agro-industrial complex is formulated, the structuring of its priority elemental components is offered. The algorithm of relations and interactions between the lender and the borrower as subjects of crediting is systematized. The specifics of the bank's credit policy in relation to agricultural enterprises are identified and the range of credit products for financing their working capital and investment is analysed. The directions of increase of efficiency of cooperation of banks with agrarians in the field of crediting are offered. Discussion. The obtained results of the research can be used by the bodies of branch management of the agrarian sector of the economy, as well as by banking institutions in the development of measures and directions for optimization and improvement of lending to agricultural enterprises. Prospects for further research are systematization and refinement of methodological aspects of assessing the impact of bank lending on agricultural security of the state, as well as testing methods of economic and mathematical modelling to assess the impact of bank lending to agricultural enterprises on the gross product of the agricultural sector and GDP. Keywords: credit mechanism; credit process; credit relations; bank credit; risk; creditor; the borrower; credit product; state support.
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Kovalenko, V., S. Sheludko, O. Sergeeva, T. Kyriazova, and O. Yesina. "CREDIT SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF UKRAINE AND KAZAKHSTAN." BULLETIN 3, no. 391 (June 12, 2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.101.

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The paper examines the current features of bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is proved that the agricultural entrepreneurship of the compared countries’ economies increasingly needs the financial investments, necessary for the renewal and technological modernization of production. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the state of lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, study its volume, identify the main directions of changes in its structure by type of credit services, as well as assess trends and prospects for its development. Section 1 of the article identifies the features of banks’ credit policy concerning lending to agricultural enterprises. It is presented the methodological approach to the comparative assessment of the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is identified the main provisions of strategies for the development of agricultural production in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It is substantiated features of banks’ credit policy in lending to agricultural enterprises, which restrain the active growth of lending to the agro-industrial complex. Section 2 of the article provides a comparative description of Ukraine and Kazakhstan in terms of credit support to the industry. It is established that the most attractive for bank lending are large agricultural enterprises in terms of production and yield. It is proved the importance of direct state financial support for economic entities of the agro-industrial complex through the mechanisms of cheaper loans and compensation of lease payments. In the final section, the authors highlight the key priorities of accelerating the development of bank lending to agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and Kazakhstan by increasing budget support, rational use of budget funds, lower interest rates for agriculture, improving methods of assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers with concern of specific production.
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HERBYCH, Liudmyla, and Larysa NETREBCHUK. "CREDIT WORTHINESS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 133, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2020(133)08.

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Background. Agriculture is a source of increased credit risk for banks and other lenders, which requires special approaches to assessing the credit worthiness of the enter­prises in this industry. The assessment improving of the credit worthiness of the agricu­ltural enterprises is one of the key scientific and practical problems. The aim of the article is to identify and systematize the factors influencing the level of credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises. Materials and methods. The theoretical basis of the research is a systematic app­roach that has been used to identify and analyze the factors of credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises. The methodological basis consisted of system-structural, compa­rative analysis and logical generalization methods. The information basis of the research is analytical materials, scientific researches, results of own researches. Results. The purpose of assessing the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprise is to obtain a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the borrower’s activities by a cre­ditor. Based on this, creditor assesses the risk of lending and decides about the possibility and con­ditions of lending or refusal to the borrower. Existing methods of assessing the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises do not often take into account the peculiarities of their activities, which directly affect the ability of these enterprises to repay the loan. During the assessing the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprise, it is appropriate to take into account financial indicators that characterize its financial position and non-financial factors that describe the actual and potential conditions of its management. Based on the results of systematization of existing approaches and own conclusions, it is proposed to classify the factors influencing the credit worthiness of the agricultural enterprises by the source of influence on the company, the possibility of influence by the company, the method of measurement, nature. Conclusion. The article presents the author’s vision of the classification factors influencing the agricultural enterprises ability to obtain credit and expand their list by addition them with factors of soil quality and organic production, which will reduce the credit risk of financial institutions in lending.
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Kaur Brar, Jagdeep, Antoine Kornprobst, Willard John Braun, Matthew Davison, and Warren Hare. "A Case Study of the Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Loan Credit Risk." Mathematics 9, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9233058.

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Changing weather patterns may impose increased risk to the creditworthiness of financial institutions in the agriculture sector. To reduce the credit risk caused by climate change, financial institutions need to update their agricultural lending portfolios to consider climate change scenarios. In this paper we introduce a framework to compute the optimal agricultural lending portfolio under different increased temperature scenarios. In this way we quantify the impact of increased temperature, taken as a measure of climate change, on credit risk. We provide a detailed case study of how our approach applies to the problem of optimizing a portfolio of agricultural loans made to corn farmers across different corn producing regions of Ontario, Canada, under various climate change scenarios. We conclude that the lending portfolio obtained by taking into account the climate change is less risky than the lending portfolio neglecting climate change.
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Sakhno, Andrii, Natalia Polishchuk, Iryna Salkova, and Anatolii Kucher. "Impact of Credit and Investment Resources on the Productivity of Agricultural Sector." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n2p335.

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The current state of financial provision of agriculture in Ukraine is generally unsatisfactory; therefore, the problem of financing the agrarian sector of the economy in the form of lending and investing appears. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of external financial support of enterprises in the form of lending and investing on agricultural productivity, as well as an assessment of the risk of overdue loans in the regional section of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. It is investigated the dependence of income (proceeds) on sales of products, proceeding from the needs of agricultural lending in ensuring the efficiency of its economic activity. Thus, lending and investing in agriculture contributes to increasing sales volumes and revenue (sales) growth from sales, as well as stimulating the development of agrarian enterprises, but the correlation between the analyzed indicators is insignificant. The evaluation results indicate a significant risk of overdue loans to agrarian enterprises for all regions of Ukraine, due to low technical efficiency and high level of delinquency. Significant differentiation of regions according to the level of technical efficiency has been revealed, which may indicate significant reserves of its increase. At the same time, it was found that the interest rates on agricultural loans are not a decisive factor for delays in loans granted to enterprises. In order to improve the situation, it is necessary to increase the volume of external financing and the link density between the parameters: lending – investment – the growth of production and sales, which will allow the formation of a functioning environment, taking into account the possibilities of optimizing costs in each region of the state. Key words: risks, lending, investment, agriculture, risk assessment, agrarian enterprises.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agricultural Credit Lending"

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Zollinger, Lance M. "Probability of default rating methodology review." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18811.

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Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Institutions of the Farm Credit System (FCS) focus on risk-based lending in accordance with regulatory direction. The rating of risk also assists retail staff in loan approval, risk-based pricing, and allowance decisions. FCS institutions have developed models to analyze financial and related customer information in determining qualitative and quantitative risk measures. The objective of this thesis is to examine empirical account data from 2006-2012 to review the probability of default (PD) rating methodology within the overall risk rating system implemented by a Farm Credit System association. This analysis provides insight into the effectiveness of this methodology in predicting the migration of accounts across the association’s currently-established PD ratings where negative migration may be an apparent precursor to actual loan default. The analysis indicates that average PD ratings hold relatively consistent over the years, though the distribution of the majority of PD ratings shifted to higher quality by two rating categories over the time period. Various regressions run in the analysis indicate that the debt to asset ratio is most consistently statistically significant in estimating future PD ratings. The current ratio appears to be superior to working capital to gross profit as a liquidity measure in predicting PD rating migration. Funded debt to EBITDA is more effective in predicting PD rating movement as a measure of earnings to debt than gross profit to total liabilities, although the change of these ratios over time appear to be weaker indicators of the change in PD rating potentially due to the variable nature of annual earnings of production agriculture operations due to commodity price volatility. The debt coverage ratio is important as it relates to future PD migration, though the same variability in commodity price volatility suggests the need implement multi-year averaging for calculation of earnings-based ratios. These ratios were important in predicting the PD rating of observations one year into the future for production agriculture operations. To further test the predictive ability of the PD ratings, similar regression analyses were completed comparing current year rating and ratios to future PD ratings beyond one year, specifically for three and five years. Results from these regression models indicate that current year PD rating and ratios are less effective in predicting future PD ratings beyond one year. Furthermore, because of the variation in regression results between the analyses completed for one, three and five years into the future, it is important to regularly capture ratio and rating information, at least annually.
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Lima, Roberto Arruda de Souza. "Informação, capital social e mercado de crédito rural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-14072003-094610/.

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Este estudo analisa o efeito da informação e do capital social sobre o volume de negócios no mercado de crédito rural. Discute-se a conexão entre capital social e informação e como esta relação pode contribuir para a redução dos custos de transação da intermediação financeira, de modo a permitir aumento no volume de crédito rural. Para análise empírica, foi elaborado e testado um modelo econométrico (lógite) utilizando dados referentes ao Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram obtidos de levantamentos estatísticos oficiais (censo agropecuário, LUPA e banco de dados do SEADE) referentes à safra 1995-1996. Os resultados indicam que o nível de capital social afeta o volume de crédito rural. Assim, incentivos, em especial com apoio do setor público, para formação e manutenção de capital social permitiriam aumento da eficiência da intermediação financeira e, em consequência, maior desenvolvimento do setor rural.
This study analyses the effect of information and social capital on the volume of contracts in the rural credit market. It discusses the connection between social capital and information and how this relation contributes to the reduction of financial intermediation’s transaction costs. A logit regression model was used to empirically test the effect of social capital on the volume of rural credit. The data, from the municipalities of the State of São Paulo, are from 1995 ~ 1996 official statistics (Farm Census, LUPA and SEADE’s data basis). The results indicate that the level of social capital affects the amount of rural credit. Thus, incentives to further increase and maintain social capital would increment the efficiency of financial intermediation and, as a consequence, help rural sector’s development.
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Пужакова, Л. І. "Роль банківського кредитування у забезпеченні сталого розвитку аграрного сектору економіки України." Thesis, 2015. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/6185.

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Метою даної роботи є виявлення та аналіз проблем кредитування підприємств аграрного сектору економіки, а також розробка рекомендацій щодо поліпшення взаємодії банківського і аграрного секторів економіки на засадах забезпечення сталого розвитку економіки країни.
Целью данной работы является выявление и анализ проблем кредитования предприятий аграрного сектора экономики, а также разработка рекомендаций по улучшению взаимодействия банковского и аграрного секторов экономики на принципах обеспечения устойчивого развития экономики страны.
The aim of this work is the identification and analysis of problems of crediting of the enterprises of agrarian sector of economy, and also development of recommendations to improve the interaction between the banking and agricultural sectors of the economy on the principles of sustainable development of the economy.
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Марковський, А. В. "Сучасний стан та розвиток кредитування суб'єктів малого бізнесу в сфері сільського господарства." Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/9103.

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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти банківського кредитування суб’єктів малого бізнесу, які займаються сільським господарством.
Diploma thesis deals with theoretical aspects of of bank lending to small businesses engaged in agriculture.
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Books on the topic "Agricultural Credit Lending"

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Barnard, Freddie L. Banker's agricultural lending manual. Austin, Tex: Sheshunoff, 1993.

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Mutti, Shadreck Mukanjo. Commercial banks' lending portfolio to agricultural investment. [Lusaka]: UNZA, 2000.

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Thurgood, John M. Agricultural lending policy of New York commercial banks. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, 1990.

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Esipisu, Ezekiel. Western Kenya: An inventory of micro-finance institutions and their experiences with lending. Nairobi: Kenya Rural Enterprise Programme, 1996.

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Office, General Accounting. Farmers Home Administration county supervisors' and farmers' views on the new Coordinated Financial Statements: Report. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1985.

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Carraro, Kenneth C. An economic evaluation of alternative sources of funding for agricultural lending by commercial banks. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1985.

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Stephen, Carpenter, Krub Karen R, and Farmers' Legal Action Group, eds. Farmers' guide to Minnesota lending law. 2nd ed. St. Paul, Minn: Farmers' Legal Action Group, 2003.

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Hamilton, Neil D. The impact of recent changes in laws concerning agricultural lending on credit availability in rural Iowa. Oakdale, Iowa: Legislative Extended Assistance Group, University of Iowa, 1987.

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Stam, Jerome M. Life insurance company mortgage lending to U.S. agriculture: Challenges and opportunities. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1995.

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Atieno, Rosemary. Institutional credit lending policies and the efficiency of resource use among small-scale farmers in Kenya. Münster-Hamburg: LIT Verlag, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agricultural Credit Lending"

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Cuevas, Carlos E., and Douglas H. Graham. "Agricultural Lending Costs in Honduras." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 96–103. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-11.

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Clemens, Harry, and Cor Wattel. "Rural Lending by Projects: Another Cycle of Unsustainable Interventions in Credit Markets? An Analysis of Case Studies in Central America." In Sustainable Agriculture in Central America, 210–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230378087_13.

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Quinn, Sarah L. "From a Nation of Farmers to a Nation of Homeowners." In American Bonds, 88–106. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691156750.003.0005.

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This chapter demonstrates how, as the United States transitioned from an agricultural to an industrial nation, mortgage lenders promoted homeownership as the new measure of independence, success, and virtue. This vision was built into the deep logic of their lending structures, which brought into being a small local community of equals working together to lift themselves up. Lending cooperatives developed in the nation's towns and cities over much of the nineteenth century. On the national level, direct federal government support for urban mortgage credit was delayed until the First World War, when a set of housing crises led to national experiments in the building and financing of urban homes. These programs were temporary, but they helped change how many Americans thought about housing policy, introducing the idea that such policy was an integral part of economic growth and a potentially appropriate site of federal involvement, especially when organized through partnerships and credit support.
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Hoffman, Philip T., Gilles Postel-Vinay, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal. "Introduction." In Dark Matter Credit, 1–9. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182179.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter looks at the ways to borrow in France before banks opened their doors, and the big mountain of debt this shadow credit system raised, even by modern standards. Much of this capital was raised for agriculture and urban real estate, sectors critical in a developing economy that banks often shun because of the risks of farming and the long loan maturities of real estate lending. Until now, virtually no one has noticed this big debt, despite its size. In a way, it is like the dark matter that makes up some eighty-five percent of the universe but cannot be directly observed. Worse yet, they have simply assumed that what cannot easily be observed—private credit in the past or in poor countries today—was insignificant or simply not there at all.
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Verhagen, Hendrik L. E. "Economic Environment." In Security and Credit in Roman Law, 62—C3.P33. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695836.003.0004.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the economic environment of the law of real security, in particular in the context of secured lending. Agriculture was the most important sector of the Roman economy and it was precisely this sector of the economic environment that initially triggered important developments in the law of real security. From circa 250 bc onwards there was a shift in agriculture towards commercialization and specialization, as well as a substantial increase in trade, commerce, and credit. In the late Republic and Principate, ‘irritations’ produced by the financial sector became significant stimuli for the evolution of the Roman law of real security. This chapter will look at the role of bankers and elite financiers in the Roman credit markets. It will review various forms of credit, as well as categories of capital goods serving as collateral. Finally, it will discuss the significance of real security for the (urban and rural) rental markets.
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Harel, Yaron. "The Jews in the Local Economy." In Syrian Jewry in Transition, 1840-1880, 45–57. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113652.003.0004.

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THE Ottoman regime imposed few restrictions on the economic activity of Jews, who were neither barred from, nor forced to pursue, particular occupations. Where Jews were excluded from a specific sector, this was the result of the inflexible Ottoman guild system. Syrian Jews engaged in a wide variety of occupations, ranging from crafts and small workshops to lending on credit and investment in light industry and agriculture. Before examining this activity in any detail, however, it is necessary to consider its context: the economic decline of the Ottoman empire....
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Conference papers on the topic "Agricultural Credit Lending"

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Arkhipova, Natalia Anatolyevna. "FEATURES OF PREFERENTIAL LENDING TO AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-651/655.

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Mardari, Liliana, Ala Betivu, Nicoleta Mateoc-Sirb, and Nina Putuntean. "Involvement of commercial banks in credit and financing of the agricultural sector." In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.37.

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The access of enterprises from the agrarian sector in the Republic of Moldova to credit and financing depends on their financial potential, determined by the specificity of agricultural production, but also by the specificity and efficiency of the national financial institution. Despite the specificity of the activity in the agricultural sector, financing opportunities are constantly increasing. Commercial banks, as specialized financial-lending institutions, are involved in financial support by granting loans, offering financing projects/programs, as well as in subsidized lending to agricultural producers. The purpose of the research is to highlight the peculiarities of crediting and financing of the agricultural sector. The methods applied in the research process are: dynamic analysis, comparison, deduction. The results of the research reflect the crediting of the agricultural sector in the period 2017-2021, as well as the involvement of commercial banks in financing and subsidizing activities.
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3

Melikov, Y. I. "ABOUT IMPROVING THE FINANCIAL AND CREDIT MECHANISM AS A TOOL TO STIMULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.650-654.

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The issues of improving the financial and credit mechanism for stimulating the development of the agro-industrial complex are considered. In the conditions of external and internal challenges, the coronavirus epidemic, there is a compression of the domestic market, a drop in effective demand, the profitability of the population, enterprises, the state, and the emergence of a budget deficit. This requires a fundamental change of financing mechanism and credit review criteria and approaches to aid sectors of the economy, improvement of the mechanism of agricultural lending on the basis of availability of Bank credit for borrowers. The necessity of conducting a hybrid combined monetary policy is justified.
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4

Lemishko, Olena. "Eculiarities of capital formation process in agriculture." In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.32.

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An indicator of balanced and proportional agriculture development is the efficient functioning of capital at the sectoral level. It is established that, unlike other branches of the economy, agricultural production deals with living organisms of the plant and animal world, which encourages the continuity of biological reproduction processes of the fixed capital; the determining factor of production and the main means of production is land, therefore the economic process of capital reproduction is organically interconnected with natural. It is proven that to ensure an effective process of capital formation in agriculture, there is a need for production capital and reliable sources of financing the industry; it is emphasized that long-term sources of financing should be the basis for the development of capital investment policies aimed at solving promising strategic tasks. It is determined that lending as a component of the financial and credit mechanism should be adequate to the specific conditions of agricultural production; the timely involvement of capital in the production process in agriculture eliminates the danger of its suspension and makes it possible to cover the temporary lack of financial resources for the purchase of fixed and circulating assets. A number of factors are established to optimize the process of capital formation in agriculture: the formation of a comprehensive system of state support for agricultural producers, taking into account the experience of leading European countries; to increase the level of capital liquidity, it is necessary to ensure equivalent market pricing for agricultural products; to ensure the effective functioning of capital in agriculture, it is necessary to use scientifically based financial and economic methods that take into account the specific sectoral features of the agricultural sector.
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