Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agricultural and forest environments'
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Mehmood, Khalid [Verfasser]. "Environmental behavior of cesium and strontium in agricultural and forest soil / Khalid Mehmood." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150851902/34.
Full textGoss, Charles W. "Influence of forest fragments on headwater stream ecosystems in agricultural landscapes." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1387536064.
Full textWillems, Nancy. "Forest structure and regeneration dynamics of podocarp/hardwood forest fragments, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1301.
Full textBondoumbou, Pierre Vincent. "A critical evaluation of the tropical forest industry in the Republic of Congo as it conforms to the International Tropical Timber Organization sustainable management objectives." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291591.
Full textAlmond, Peter C. "Soils and geomorphology of a lowland rimu forest managed for sustainable timber production." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1782.
Full textZabala, Aiora. "Motivations and incentives for pro-environmental behaviour : the case of silvopasture adoption in the tropical forest frontier." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/253009.
Full textKim, Sei Jin. "Three Essays on the Implications of Environmental Policy on Nutrient Outputs in Agricultural Watersheds and the Heterogeneous Global Timber Model with Uncertainty Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439601683.
Full textSasnauskaitė, Vita. "Miško žėlimo ypatumai neapaugusioje mišku žemėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090615_114234-36850.
Full textThis master work analyzing forestry natural regeneration in abandoned agricultural land, evaluation various subjects that influence to natural regeneration. Object of the work: 8 natural regeneration areas to abandoned agricultural land. Aim of the work: investigate natural forest regeneration process on abandoned agricultural land in district of Švenčionys. Methods: the research was accomplished in eight natural regeneration areas in forest stewardship of Švenčionėliai. There were chosen 63 research bars depending of forest area (every at 10 m2) at research time in this places. Results: the results of this investigation showed that birch and pine seeds are enough for itself forest sprouting in all research bars. The seeds were found from twenty to one hundred forty eight meters from the forest edge. The best conditions to forest`s sprouts grow is south directions and by 60 meters edge of a wood.
Lindell, Lina. "Environmental Effects of Agricultural Expansion in the Upper Amazon : A study of river basin geochemistry and hydrochemistry, and farmers' perceptions." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14713.
Full textEn esta tesis se combina la ciencia natural con la psicología ambiental con el fin de determinar como la ampliación de la frontera agrícola ha afectado el medio ambiente y los medios de vida en la selva alta del Perú. Esta región forma parte de una de las zonas con mayor biodiversidad en el planeta y a su vez está expuesta a una alta presión de la deforestación que amenaza a los ecosistemas, así como el bienestar de la población en esta zona. Así mismo, este problema se hace sentir mas allá de la selva alta ya que esta zona forma parte de las cabeceras del río Amazonas y pertenece al ecosistema forestal más importante del mundo. Este estudio evalúa los efectos de la agricultura de tala y quema, en comparación con los factores naturales, sobre las propiedades químicas de los suelos, las quebradas, y los sedimentos, principalmente a través de un diseño de muestreo espacial. El trabajo de campo se realizó en dos cuencas fluviales adyacentes que están compuestas por rocas sedimentarias. Quebradas de 48 sub-cuencas independientes, dos ríos principales, 80 localidades de suelo (poco desarrollados sobre areniscas y limolitas) y cuatro perfiles verticales de sedimentos fluviales fueron muestreados y analizados para los elementos mayores y menores, incluyendo nutrientes y metales potencialmente tóxicos. También se han investigado las percepciones sobre los cambios ambientales usando una combinación de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, recopilados a través de entrevistas a 51 agricultores. Según los resultados no hubo diferencias significativas entre la química de suelos de bosques primarios y tierras agrícolas (pastos, plantaciones de café y de bosques secundarios). En cuanto a las quebradas, las diferencias en las concentraciones de sustancias químicas entre sub-cuencas afectadas por la deforestación en diferentes grados fueron asignados a una variabilidad natural. Además, la composición química de los depósitos aluviales fue similar en las dos cuencas a pesar de una diferencia sustancial en el grado de explotación (30 % en comparación con 70 % deforestado). Por lo tanto, no se encontró evidencia de cambios persistentes en la geoquímica de las cuencas Subandinas como resultado de la conversión de bosques a tierras agrícolas. Sin embargo los agricultores percibieron una tendencia general de aumento de la degradación del medio ambiente, así como un cambio en el clima a condiciones más secas y cálidas, lo cual fue reportado como el principal factor responsable de un cambio negativo en la calidad de vida. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados en el trabajo de identificación de prioridades y factores claves para la sostenibilidad ambiental y socioeconómica en la selva alta.
Lloyd, Davidson A. "The effect of forest to pasture conversion on soil biological diversity and function." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/711.
Full textEnqvist, Johan. "Involving forest-dependent communities in climate change mitigation : Obstacles and opportunities for successful implementation of a REDD mechanism in Babati District, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3549.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to identify how forest management in Tanzania can contribute to global climate change mitigation while improving livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.
A mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) is meant to slow increases of atmospheric CO2 while channelling funds to developing countries. In Tanzania, pioneering work in participatory forest management (PFM) has promoted local-level control over forest resource use. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a linkage between REDD and PFM that maximises benefits for communities, forests and global climate.
Three PFM projects with relation to REDD have been studied, primarily using semi-structured interviews with villagers, district officials, project facilitators, researchers, consultants and policy-makers. Analysis consists of comparing experiences at different levels and putting them in the theoretical context of climate change and forest conservation.
The study identifies several issues: local and central government institutions cannot ensure equitable benefit sharing; cross-sectoral co-ordination to address fundamental causes of the problems is lacking; participation of local communities is not satisfactory.
However, the process is at an early stage. Current activities will hopefully contribute to a future framework that properly addresses these and other obstacles. If this is accomplished, PFM and REDD can complement each other in a positive way.
Valentukevičius, Virgis. "Kauno apskrities miškų plėtros galimybės nenašiose žemės ūkio naudmenose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120530_123110-25652.
Full textThe Restoration of Lithuania’s independence changed the economic relations in agricultural production, sales market and economic conditions, with agricultural profitability becoming a key priority. As a consequence, processes of rapid agricultural land renaturalization began in the areas unfavourable to agriculture. One of the alternatives offered to farmers who own an infertile and less suitable land for farming is afforestation of a non-forest land. Afforestation of infertile and unused farmland is considered as an important means of forestry development that will help implement fundamental objectives of the Lithuanian Forestry Strategy and the Afforestation Programme to increase the Lithuanian forest coverage by 3 per cent by the year 2020. This research work is aimed at evaluating possibilities of infertile land afforestation in the Kaunas County. To achieve this objective, consideration was given to legislation regulating afforestation and establishing the basic criteria for afforestation of non-forest land. The study also looked into the use of GIS technology options that will allow to easily identify the most suitable sites for afforestation by all the selected criteria. The study showed that the Kaunas County has 39,040.4 hectares of infertile agricultural land whose performance score is less than 32. 31,826.40 hectares (81.5%) of the infertile lands meet the required essential criteria for afforestation. The assessment of the area by the actual land use established... [to full text]
Binti, Zakaria Noor Aini. "Trade Barriers in Forest Industry between Malaysia and Europe." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00750922.
Full textVenard, Asongayi. "The Impact of World Bank’s Conditionality-Ownership Hybrid on Forest Management in Cameroon: Policy Hybridity in International Dependence Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2349.
Full textPersha, Lauren. "Decentralized forest management, anthropogenic disturbance patterns and forest change in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337272.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 28, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-12, Section: B, page: 7386. Adviser: James C. Randolph.
Bujold, Michelle. "Environmental values, a comparative study of government forest policies in Canada and Sweden." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ57093.pdf.
Full textBoal, Clint William 1961. "An urban environment as an ecological trap for Cooper's hawks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288705.
Full textAnand, Gautam. "Acc deaminase positive bacteria in stressed agricultural environments." Thesis, IITD, 2019. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/8102.
Full textGarbark, Christopher J. "The Relationship of Red-Backed Salamander Abundance to the Direct and Indirect Use Value of Undisturbed Forest, a Timberland Mosaic of Forest, and Agriculture Land-Uses." Thesis, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13810330.
Full textPlethodon salamanders may serve as important indicators of forest ecosystem integrity due to their niche, physiological sensitivity, abundance, site fidelity, and association with forest structures. Forest ecosystems provide direct and indirect services and products that benefit society. Monitoring the quality and status of these direct and indirect use values is important to manage and maximize the benefit to people. An ecological indicator is something that may indicate the state of a system. Indicators are widely used in a variety of fields including forestry, economics, and environmental management to monitor the state of desired systems. The IndVal method is a statistical analysis used to determine the efficacy of a species as an indicator species, by determining the association between the species of interest and site groups or habitats. I sought to determine if the red-backed salamander is an indicator of forests based on the IndVal method, and if the red-backed salamander may be used as an indicator of use values. I hypothesized that red-backed salamanders may be used as an indicator of standing mature forested areas. I hypothesized that salamander abundance would be highest in forested areas and may act as an indicator species of forest habitats. I hypothesized that red-backed salamander abundance would have a positive correlation with indirect use values and a negative correlation with direct use values. The study area consisted of Forestland, Timberland, and Agriculture land-uses within northwestern Pennsylvania. I used visual encounter surveys and drift fences for capturing of red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) for abundance estimates. Visual encounter surveys were done within area constrained (10 × 10m) plots and a time constraint of roughly 30 minutes. I measured environmental variables within each plot. An N-mixture model of P. cinereus was used to estimate abundance based on repeated counts data. I used a principal components analysis (PCA) to determine which environmental variables were associated with study sites. I used a Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Dunn’s test to determine differences between land-use in red-backed salamander abundance. I applied the IndVal method to red-backed salamander abundance in association to land-use and habitat. I estimated indirect use values through cost replacement methods for water purification, water cycling production, nitrate treatment, and soil erosion. I obtained direct use values through land-owners and the U.S. Forest Service archives, which the cost of production and gross value of production were used to determine the net and gross value. I used a Spearman’s Rank correlation to determine the relationship between red-backed salamander abundance and the direct and indirect use values of land-uses. The PCA 1 axis described an environmental gradient of closed to open canopy. Forestland sites had the lowest sunlight values, Agriculture having the highest, and Timberland intermediate between the two. Canopy percent cover was the most informative variable in the N-mixture model. Red-backed salamander abundance was greatest, mean = 434, on Forestland sites and was significantly (p-value < 0.05) different from Timberland and Agriculture. The red-backed salamander was highly associated with Forestland with an indicator species value of 0.876, and 0.972 for forests. Red-backed salamanders held a significant strong positive relationship with indirect use values, rho = 0.84. P. cinereus abundance had a significant strong negative relationship with gross direct use values, rho = –0.95, and net direct use values, rho = –0.92. The strong correlation between P. cinereus abundance and indirect use values suggest that red-backed salamander abundance may have applications as an indicator of indirect use values for forest ecosystems.
Whitman, Karie L. "Improving Conservation Outcomes in a Biodiversity Hotspot: Alternative Agriculture Techniques in Maromizaha Forest, Madagascar." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493822021804859.
Full textTaillon, Kate. "Modeling surface complexation relationships in forest and agricultural soil." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82435.
Full textMello, Kaline de. "Forest cover and water quality in tropical agricultural watersheds." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-03082017-101658/.
Full textAs florestas tropicais estão sob constante ameaça devido ao processo de desmatamento e fragmentação florestal impulsionado pelo crescimento das atividades econômicas, em especial, a agricultura. A substituição de áreas florestadas por outros usos do solo pode causar impactos severos na qualidade da água de rios, alterando suas características físicas, químicas e biológicas. A Mata Atlântica, em especial, teve sua cobertura original reduzida a cerca de 11%, sendo que a expansão de terras cultiváveis e urbanização ainda ameaçam esse importante ecossistema e os serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por ele. Nesse sentido, este estudo propôs investigar a relação da cobertura florestal com a qualidade da água de microbacias agrícolas tropicais. Para tanto, foram selecionadas seis microbacias experimentais com diferentes porcentagens de cobertura florestal na bacia do rio Sarapuí, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, onde foram feitas coletas de amostras de água por um ano hidrológico para a obtenção de parâmetros que representassem alterações na água induzidas por atividades antrópicas. Inicialmente as microbacias foram classificadas em \"florestadas\" e \"degradadas\", e modelos estatísticos multivariados foram aplicados para identificar diferenças entre os grupos. Em um segundo momento comparou-se a relação do uso e cobertura do solo na microbacia e na Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) com a qualidade da água utilizando-se modelos mistos e análise de redundância para identificar os principais fatores que influenciam a variabilidade da qualidade da água. Por último foi gerado um modelo hidrológico para simular o impacto da restauração da floresta ripária na qualidade da água da bacia do rio Sarapuí onde cada microbacia experimental desse estudo foi representada por uma sub-bacia do modelo. Os resultados mostram que as microbacias degradadas apresentam valores maiores de sólidos, turbidez, nutrientes e coliformes. Além disso, apresentam maior variabilidade temporal dos dados em relação às microbacias florestadas associada às alterações da vazão do rio. Em geral, a cobertura florestal foi relacionada à boa qualidade da água, enquanto que agricultura e ocupação urbana foram os usos do solo responsáveis pela degradação da qualidade da água. O uso pastagem apresentou impactos mistos, porém no geral não foi correlacionado à qualidade da água ruim. Os parâmetros de qualidade da água responderam de forma diferente quanto à influência dos padrões de uso e cobertura do solo na microbacia e na APP, porém, considerando-se todos parâmetros em conjunto, a qualidade da água é melhor explicada pela composição da paisagem da microbacia. Ainda assim, a simulação do modelo indicou que a restauração das APPs reduz a carga de sedimentos e nutrientes para o rio. Com isso, conclui-se que a floresta tropical tem papel fundamental na conservação dos recursos hídricos, reduzindo impactos das atividades humanas exercidas nas microbacias e que, apesar da importância das APPs na redução de poluentes para o rio, o manejo de bacias com estratégias de restauração florestal para toda a microbacia é extremamente importante para a manutenção da qualidade da água para abastecimento.
Li, Rui. "Solar pyrolysis of agricultural, forest and metal-contaminated biomass." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0026.
Full textBiomass, as a renewable energy source, can contribute to relieving the energy crisis and environmental pollutions. Pyrolysis is an attractive thermochemical process to convert biomass into biofuels. Solar energy processes improve the heat and mass balance of the biomass pyrolysis to produce transportable fuels, chemicals, and biomaterials. In the present study, solar pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry by-product biomass and metal-polluted wood has been examined. Pine sawdust, peach pit, grape stalk, and grape marc, were used as the raw materials as the agricultural and forestry by-products in a series of solar pyrolysis experiments in a lab-scale reactor. We studied the impacts of operating conditions (i.e., temperature from 800 to 2000°C, heating rate from 10 to 150°C/s, and lignocellulose composition) on the product yields (i.e., gas, tar, and char) and syngas composition. The gas yield of different biomass residues generally increases with the temperature and heating rate, while the liquid yield shows an opposite trend. Lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents, as well as pellet size, of the by-products studied have an impact on the product profile under fast solar pyrolysis. Lignin content is associated with greater char and tar yields, but less gas yields. Hemicellulose pyrolysis produces more volatiles, but less char and tar yields than cellulose pyrolysis.Solar pyrolysis of chicken-litter waste and rice husk of different particle sizes (280 and 500 µm) was performed at different solar conditions aiming at investigating optimal operating parameters, such as temperature, particle size, and heating rate, to produce pyrolysis gasses with high calorific value. Temperature was found to have the highest effect on the gas yield during pyrolysis. Gases produced from solar assisted biomass pyrolysis have high concentration of combustible products which can be directly used as fuels.Biomass can be contaminated by heavy metals. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of heavy metals (copper and nickel), in combination with heating temperature and heating rate, on solar pyrolysis products of impregnated willow. Results of the investigation indicate that solar pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated biomass is promising to produce valuable syngas such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Additionally, the effects of these heavy metals on the chemical composition, structure, and morphology of pyrolysis char from the impregnated willow were studied. Results prove that heavy metal and solar pyrolysis temperature affect the char properties. A conduction model was developed to describe the behavior of temperature inside the pellets. A kinetic scheme from literature involving the primary and the secondary reactions is adopted to carry out the simulations of temperature. A finite difference method was used for solving the heat transfer equation with an explicit scheme. The model is solved for two dimensions (i.e., time and axial position) in order to make it simpler and save computational time
Ussiri, David A. N. "Organic matter chemistry and dynamics in a forest soil affected by clear-cutting disturbance." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Full textHerrera-Herrera, Jose Rafael. "Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Exposures in Riparian Ecosystems and Environmental Education in Southeastern Mexico." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1401975159.
Full textPinheiro, Fabiola M. R. "Effects of forest fires and clear-cutting on mercury loading to boreal lakes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/MQ64431.pdf.
Full textEvans, Alison. "The impact of selective beech (Nothofagus spp.) harvest on litter-dwelling invertebrates and the process of litter decomposition." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1717.
Full textJantz, Claire Ann. "Analyzing forest change and policy in Washington, DC suburban environments." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2642.
Full textThesis research directed by: Geography. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Pfister, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Robust Localization for Mobile Robots in Forest Environments / Thomas Pfister." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1135596786/34.
Full textTremblay, Jean-François, and Jean-François Tremblay. "Forest inventory with a lidar-equipped robot for difficult environments." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37634.
Full textLa foresterie est une industrie majeure dans plusieurs parties du monde. Elle dépend de l’inventaire forestier, qui consiste en la mesure des attributs des arbres. Dans ce mémoire, nous proposons l’utilisation de la cartographie 3D, basée sur l’algorithme itervative closest point, pour automatiquement mesurer des diamètres d’arbres à partir d’observations d’un robot mobile. Bien que des études précédentes démontraient le potentiel d’une telle technologie, elles présentaient des lacunes en terme de rigueur d’analyse et ne fonctionnaient pas dans des environnements forestiers difficiles. Nous avons validé plusieurs méthodes pour l’estimation de diamètre, dont deux nouvelles, avec un jeu de données nouveau et varié comportant quatre sites forestiers, 11 trajectoires de robot totalisant 1458 observations d’arbre et 1.4 hectares de forêt. De plus, nous faisons des recommendations sur le déploiement de robots mobiles dans un contexte forestier. Nous concluons que notre méthode de cartographie est utilisable dans le contexte de l’inventaire forestier automatisé, avec notre meilleure méthode donnant une erreur quadratique de 3:45 cm pour notre jeu de données en entier et 2:04 cm dans des conditions idéales, c’est-à-dire une forêt mature et espacée.
Forestry is a major industry in many parts of the world. It relies on forest inventory, which consists of measuring tree attributes. In this thesis, we propose the use of 3D mapping, based on the iterative closest point algorithm, to automatically measure tree diameters in forests from mobile robot observations. While previous studies showed the potential for such technology, they lacked a rigorous analysis of diameter estimation methods in challenging forest environments. Here, we validated multiple diameter estimation methods, including two novel ones, in a new varied dataset of four different forest sites, 11 trajectories, totalling 1458 tree observations and 1.4 hectares. We provide recommendations for the deployment of mobile robots in a forestry context. We conclude that our mapping method is usable in the context of automated forest inventory, with our best method yielding a root mean square error of 3:45 cm for our whole dataset, and 2:04 cm in ideal conditions consisting of mature forest with well spaced trees.
Forestry is a major industry in many parts of the world. It relies on forest inventory, which consists of measuring tree attributes. In this thesis, we propose the use of 3D mapping, based on the iterative closest point algorithm, to automatically measure tree diameters in forests from mobile robot observations. While previous studies showed the potential for such technology, they lacked a rigorous analysis of diameter estimation methods in challenging forest environments. Here, we validated multiple diameter estimation methods, including two novel ones, in a new varied dataset of four different forest sites, 11 trajectories, totalling 1458 tree observations and 1.4 hectares. We provide recommendations for the deployment of mobile robots in a forestry context. We conclude that our mapping method is usable in the context of automated forest inventory, with our best method yielding a root mean square error of 3:45 cm for our whole dataset, and 2:04 cm in ideal conditions consisting of mature forest with well spaced trees.
Mattias, Tjernqvist. "Backpack-based inertial navigation and LiDAR mapping in forest environments." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136870.
Full textEstabrook, Tracy Starr. "Burrow selection by burrowing owls in an urban environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278687.
Full textFERRE', CHIARA. "Monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural and forest soils." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7483.
Full textWelch, David P. "Multidisciplinary approaches to the study of forest dynamics in south central Indiana and southern Illinois." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278462.
Full textSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6564. Adviser: Vicky Meretsky. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 20, 2008).
Bert, Daniel G. (Daniel George) Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "A multiscale analysis of nested species subsets of forest birds in agricultural landscapes near Ottawa, Canada." Ottawa, 2001.
Find full textMalatji, Pholoso. "Processing of wood and agricultural biomass for gasification." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2937.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wood waste, when used for gasification is commonly pressed into briquettes, especially if no uniform particle size is available. This densification reduces problems of handling, storage and transportation and improves the combustion performance because of a more uniform fuel size. Briquettes have to be mechanically strong enough to be handled. Cohesive strength is provided by residual moisture and lignin present in the wood. The lignin acts as a natural binder. However, the briquetting process becomes more complicated if one wants to add other agricultural waste products that do not necessarily contain lignin as binders,, In this study we have investigated various briquetting process parameters, such as mixing ratios of briquettes containing wood chips, grape skins and chicken litter, moisture content and press time. The aim was to determine the optimum process parameters that allow the production of briquettes, containing a blend of biomaterials that are mechanically stable to allow further handling but yield high energy content at the same time.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer houtafval vir vergassing gebruik word en die partikelgrootte daarvan varieer, word die materiaal normaalweg in ’n brikket gedruk. Brikketvorming vergemaklik opberging, hantering en vervoer. Weens die meer uniforme grootte en vorm van die brikkette is verbranding daarvan heelwat meer doeltreffend. Brikkette moet egter meganies sterk genoeg wees om hanteer te kan word. Die kohesiewe sterkte word deur residuele vog en lignien, wat as natuurlike bindmiddel in hout aanwesig is, verskaf. Indien ander materiale soos landbouafval, wat noodwendig geen lignien bevat nie egter gebruik word, word die brikketvormingsproses meer kompleks. In hierdie ondersoek is verskeie brikketvormingsparameters evalueer. Mengverhoudings van brikkette wat houtspaanders, druiwedoppe en hoendermis bevat, asook invloed van materiaalvoggehalte en druktyd is bestudeer. Die doel was om die optimale materiaal- en prosesparameters vas te stel wanneer ’n mengsel van biomateriale gebruik word om brikkette te lewer wat meganies sterk genoeg is maar steeds die hoogste energieopbrengs lewer.
Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies
Haslem, Angie, and angie haslem@deakin edu au. "Landscape Pattern, Countryside Heterogeneity and Bird Conservation in Agricultural Environments." Deakin University. Life and Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20090114.101341.
Full textCesar, Ricardo Gomes. "Local and landscape drivers of tropical forest regeneration in agricultural landscapes of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-16072018-173459/.
Full textFlorestas estabelecidas pelo plantio de mudas de espécies nativas (PL) e por meio do estabelecimento de florestas secundárias pela regeneração natural (FS) são as principais comunidades geradas durante a restauração florestal em larga escala. A escolha dessas estratégias está condicionada potencial de regeneração natural do local, mas tão importante quanto a decisão sobre métodos de restauração, são as diferenças das comunidades que essas escolhas podem gerar. As FS são heterogêneas e, enquanto existe uma literatura crescente dos fatores que afetam a chance do estabelecimento das FS, poucos trabalhos abordam os fatores que influenciam os atributos dessas florestas. Nesse contexto, nosso trabalho busca identificar as diferenças entre PL e FS e as variáveis locais e de paisagem que afetam os atributos das FS. Para tal, amostramos a comunidade arbórea de florestas estacionais semideciduais de Mata Atlântica estabelecidas naturalmente (FS) e por PL em paisagens agrícolas na bacia do Rio Corumbataí, no estado de São Paulo. Observamos que os PL apresentam biomassa semelhante às SF e maior riqueza de espécies. No entanto, as PL também apresentam menor abundância de indivíduos jovens, indivíduos zoocóricos e lianas. A composição de espécies entre essas florestas também difere. As FS estabelecidas em plantios abandonados de eucalipto apresentaram riqueza de espécies e biomassa de espécies nativas semelhantes a outras florestas secundárias. No entanto, os atributos das SF variam consideravelmente. Nesse contexto, as FS apresentam elevado potencial de provimento de alimento para a fauna e estocagem de carbono de maneira custo-eficiente, enquanto que as PL podem ter sua permanência em longo prazo comprometida pela falta de indivíduos jovens. Em seguida, investigamos as variáveis que direcionam a heterogeneidade observada nas FS utilizando modelos mistos lineares generalizados para estimar a influência de variáveis locais e de paisagem na biomassa, densidade de espécies, área basal de árvores zoocóricas e estrutura filogenética das FS amostradas. Plantios de cana-de-açúcar próximos as FS reduzem a biomassa e área basal de indivíduos zoocóricos, enquanto que a cobertura florestal da paisagem aumentou a densidade de espécies e a diversidade filogenética. A idade da floresta apresentou importância secundária ou nula para os atributos estudados. Nossos resultados ressaltam a importância de práticas agrícolas que minimizem os danos em florestas próximas e de mecanismos que favoreçam a cobertura florestal nativa em paisagens agrícolas, a fim de fomentar o potencial dessas florestas em prover serviços ecossistêmicos e conservar a biodiversidade. A escolha entre facilitação do estabelecimento de FS ou PL visando a restauração florestal está condicionada ao contexto local e de paisagem onde serão realizadas as ações de restauração. Apesar de ambas as abordagens apresentarem potencial para cumprir os objetivos dos projetos de restauração, atenção especial deve ser dada ao recrutamento de novos indivíduos para manter a sustentabilidade de PL, enquanto que práticas agrícolas menos impactantes e paisagens agrícolas com maior cobertura florestal nativa podem aumentar o potencial de SF em prover serviços e conservar a biodiversidade.
Alexandrino, Eduardo Roberto. "A paisagem antrópica sob avaliação: a avifauna em remanescentes florestais, matrizes agrícolas e as implicações para a conservação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-19102015-174122/.
Full textBecause human-modified landscapes (HML) are dynamic and have structural complexity, continuous research is necessary to improve knowledge about the HML impacts on the biodiversity, as well as to provide knowledge of which current species may reflect the environmental conditions existing there. Thus, considering birds as sample of the HML existing biodiversity, the following thesis aimed to: 1) describe the bird assemblages of Atlantic Forest patches located in HML and bird assemblages of the interior of cattle pastures and sugar cane crops, 2) identify a proper bird analytical approach to assess the existing ecological integrity of forest patches in HML, 3) assess the effects of the landscape features (dynamic and structure) on the bird assemblages of forest patches in HML, 4) identify which landscapes features of both crops may exert influence on the bird assemblage composition of each crop. Bird sampling was performed monthly along one year (Nov 2011 - Nov 2012) in eight forest patches with different historical and size (3 - 115 ha), and eight sites located in the interior of each crop (four in cattle pasture and four in sugar cane), using point counts and transects. Five focal landscapes (16 km2) located in a typical HML of São Paulo state (Corumbataí river basin) were used to select these sampling sites. The rank of ecosystem services provisioning of Ferraz et al. (2014) was used as a measurement of the existing gradient of human disturbance in the forest patches, which was built through information about forest dynamic and structure. The landscape features of each crop were collected through two scale of analysis (circular buffers with 600 and 1000 radius meters) taking into account metrics that may represent the landscape heterogeneity. 191 species were observed in the forest patches while 137 in the crops. The forest birds, non-forest birds, birds with forest-non-forest habits, small understory-midstory insectivorous, species with foraging habits in the midstory strata, threatened and endemic species, were the best ecological indicators of the forest patches. These bird groups were used as database in the development of the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), a multimetric approach, which showed a better performance to indicate the existent integrity in the forest patches in comparison with \"sensitivity to disturbance\" of Parker III et al. (1996), total species richness and Shannon´s diversity index. 132 species were observed in cattle pastures while 72 in sugar cane. Both richness and relative abundance of some bird groups were explained by the landscape heterogeneity variation. Thus, it is possible to conclude that some classical birds analytical approaches may be flawed in the ecological assessment of Atlantic Forest patches inserted in HML. New analytical approaches should be explored, and the IBI is a possible alternative. The bird\'s assemblage differences between cattle pastures (high heterogeneity) and sugar cane (low heterogeneity) are an example of the negative consequences caused by the crops homogenization on the living biodiversity of agricultural landscapes.
Burcsu, Theresa Katherine. "Forest edges effects on vegetation, environmental gradients and local avian communities in the Sierra Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3232575.
Full text"Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 11, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: B, page: 4319. Adviser: Vicky J. Meretsky.
Villard, Marc-Andre Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Spatio-temporal dynamics of forest bird patch populations in agricultural landscapes." Ottawa, 1991.
Find full textLiu, Yan. "The economics of forest carbon offset trading: the design of an economic experiment." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40740.
Full textLe système d’échange de droits d’émission envisagé au Canada incluait un marché compensatoire qui devait fournir aux grands émetteurs finaux des crédits compensatoires pour le carbone rentables. L'objectif de cette thèse était de concevoir une expérience économique qui incluait cette conception institutionnelle. L'expérience a été conçue pour inclure des marchés réglementés et non-réglementés et elle est basée sur un modèle “cap and trade” d’échange d’émissions de carbone. Elle a été menée sur trois marchés : celui du bois, celui du carbone et celui de l’électricité. Le marché de l’électricité représente les marchés réglementés avec un cap sur émissions de carbone tandis que le secteur forestier représente les marchés non-réglementés, c.-à-d. il n’y a pas de cap sur émissions de carbone. Les décisions de production dans le secteur forestier sont basées sur un modèle de production conjoint ; c.-à-d. celui du bois et du carbone. Le prix des crédits compensatoires pour le carbone ont une influence sur l’offre de bois et d’électricité. La réglementation de l’émission du carbone est incorporée dans l’expérience en utilisant une courbe de l’offre coudée pour l’électricité. Les prévisions de la théorie et du comportement ont été faites en se basant sur les incitatifs proposés dans l’expérience ainsi que sur l’expérience d’expériences antérieures.
Bellantoni, Elizabeth Susan 1958. "Habitat use by desert mule deer and collared peccary in an urban environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277936.
Full textBanki, Ahmad. "Insurance purchasing under ambiguity, and its applications for forest carbon offsets: an experimental study." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97116.
Full textLes limites sur la théorie de l'utilité anticipée utilisée pour prédire les préférences de risque sous de faibles probabilités ont été discutées dans plusieurs études expérimenta-les. Toutefois, les études existantes n'en sont pas arrivées à un consensus. Il y a des si-gnaux tant pour une confiance élevée que basse dans des situations de faibles probabilités de pertes. Le sujet n'a pas été particulièrement questionné lorsque l'ambigüité est combi-née avec des estimations de faibles probabilités. Cette étude analyse théoriquement les implications de l'aversion de l'ambigüité lors de l'achat d'assurance dans un contexte de situations comprenant de faibles probabilités de perte. Cette étude examine les crédits de carbone au niveau forestier ainsi qu'aux besoins d'assurances afin d'éliminer d'inévitables pertes reliées aux séquestrations de carbone. Cette étude offre un design expérimental comprenant trois phases, incluant une réplique des études existantes sur les comportements des consommateurs d'assurances, ajoutant le facteur d'ambigüité ainsi que deux méthodes de mesures pour les préférences d'ambigüité.
Belmont, Jonathon. "The study of carbon and nutrients in forests : a foundation for examining global change /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162225.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 1, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: B, page: 0177. Chair: J. C. Randolph.
Sarlöv, Herlin Ingrid. "Edge habitats in agricultural landscapes : woody species, landscape ecology and implications for planning /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5715-7.pdf.
Full textRenoirt, Matthias. "Influence de l’habitat sur l’écologie et la physiologie du crapaud épineux (Bufo spinosus)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS041.
Full textA large number of studies have highlighted the negative effects of anthropogenic pressures intime and space on biodiversity. Among these anthropogenic pressures, agricultural activities and expansion play a major role in the modification of environments and in the loss of biodiversity. Questions whether animal species persist in this type of environment arises. My thesis is based on this context. We aimed at study the responses of organism to a degraded environment and the landscape constraints on life history traits and ecology. My work is focused specifically on an amphibian species persisting in habitat ranging from highly conserved to highly degraded by agricultural activities. In order to compare forest and agricultural populations of model species (Spined toad, Bufo spinosus), I relied on a wide variety of markers to examine (1) population genetic structure (micro-satellite markers), (2) feeding ecology (stable isotope), (3) individual quality (telomeres, morphology, developmental traits) and the impact on reproduction. As a result, I was able to connect many factors associated with agricultural landscapes that raised many questions about the persistence of spined toad populations. We were able to show a significant effect of fertilizers on the δ15N isotopic signature of B.spinosus populations. Moreover, we highlighted that agricultural environment allows genetic diversity between populations. However, using correlative approaches, we pointed out various on strains of this environment on the reproduction of amphibians populations, either through low (or no) abundance of females on breeding sites, and/or directly on reproductive success and offspring quality. These results suggest possible long-term effects on amphibian populations, and we suggest that the various avenues of research we suggested throughout this thesis should be pursued in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying these results and to find solutions for the sustainability of wild species that have no choice but to adapt
Jagger, Pamela. "Can forest sector devolution improve rural livelihoods? an analysis of forest income and institutions in western Uganda /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3358922.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 8, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-05, Section: A, page: 1775. Adviser: Elinor Ostrom.
Fenni, Ines. "Efficient domain decomposition methods for electromagnetic modeling of scattering from forest environments." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066264/document.
Full textA 3-D full-wave model, based on the integral representation of the electric field and dedicatedto the analysis of bi-static scattering mechanisms by a forest in the VHF and UHF bands wasefficiently enhanced. In order to overcome the limitation of a previous 3D model to small simulationsscenes and low frequencies, we have developed, during this research work, a new model using basis functionsadapted to the problem of interest, in the context of the Characteristic Basis Function Method(CBFM) and we investigated the suitability of this direct method for computing the electromagneticfields inside and outside three-dimensional dielectric objects representing the tree trunks and branches.The CBFM has shown great performances, when applied to the forest scattering modeling, both interms of CPU time and memory resources needed. Once properly set, the CBFM-E is so efficient thatit is able to treat in few minutes electromagnetic problems totally intractable with the classical MoM.Consequently, we have developed a powerful 3D forest electromagnetic scattering tool which allows ustoday to compute large forest electromagnetic problems in few minutes without worrying about theaccuracy of the solution. On the other hand, we have demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of theCBFM-E when applied to 3D dielectric objects in the context of the electric volumetric integral equation,and have consolidated thus its leading position in the computational electromagnetics, especiallyagainst the iterative solvers based numerical methods
Bailey, Jennifer Meghan. "Western Spruce Budworm Effects on Throughfall C, N, and P Fluxes in a Central Washington Forest." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955099/.
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