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Journal articles on the topic 'Agricultural administration Sri Lanka'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Khan, Ahmad. "Presumptive Tax as an Alternate Income Tax Base: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 991–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.991-1004.

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There is a general consensus that an efficient means of mobilising revenues is necessaIy for improved public infrastructure and for preventing disruptions in the economy [Wilfried (1991)]. Inappropriate and unsustainable expenditure and revenue policies, on the contrary, cause disappointing economic performance. Hence, the concern with mobilising adequate resources through improved taxation and better pricing of public services. A review of the existing taxation systems of several developing countries suggests that these are distortionary in nature and contribute to a number of economic problems including production inefficiency, capital flight and fiscal and balance of payments disequilibria [Asher (1990)]. They are generally complex (difficult to administer and comply with), inelastic (nonresponsive to growth and discretionary policy measures), inefficient (raise little revenues but introduce serious economic distortions), inequitable (treat businesses and individuals in similar circumstances differently) and, quite simply, unfair (tax administration and enforcement are selective and skewed in favour of those capable of defeating th~ system) [McLure and Zodarow (1991)]. Further, there is heavy reliance on taxes on international trade (approx. 80 percent for India and Thailand, 84 percent for Sri Lanka, 70 percent for the Philippines, 50 percent for Turkey). User charges and taxes on income, property and capital contribute only a small proportion of the overall revenues (pakistan 20 percent, Thailand 19 percent, India 17 percent, the Philippines 19 percent). Agricultural incomes are not taxed. personal and corporate income taxes are levied on narrow bases at high rates. These tax structures impose varying levels of taxation, depending on the form of income, type of assets, size and legal status of businesses, and the kind of Qusiness activity (i.e. are 'schedular' in nature). As a result, the average effective tax rate and the marginal effective tax rate substantially vary across assets and section-thereby distorting individual choices with respect to the form of income, the sector of investment activity, and the time profile of investment [Bulutoglu and Thirsk (1991)].

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2

Root, Hilton L., Grant Hodgson, and Graham Vaughan-Jones. "PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM IN SRI LANKA." International Journal of Public Administration 24, no. 12 (November 30, 2001): 1357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pad-100105943.

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3

Wickramasinghe, Nira. "Sri Lanka in 2020." Asian Survey 61, no. 1 (January 2021): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2021.61.1.211.

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President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and his brother Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa set in motion a process aimed at consolidating their family’s control of the executive, cabinet, and legislature. The global coronavirus pandemic gave them an opportunity to further militarize the administration of the country. The ruling party, the Sri Lanka People’s Front, won a two-thirds majority in the parliamentary elections, which allowed them to enact decisive constitutional change and overturn crucial legislation that curbed the power of the executive. The government’s ability to withstand the economic crisis and control the pandemic will be key to their complete blunting of any opposition forces.

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4

Samaratunge, Ramanie, Deirdre O'Neill, Ken Coghill, and B. Wijayarathne. "Building horizontal coordination in Sri Lanka." Public Administration and Development 37, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.1812.

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5

Dean, Peter N. "Performance Budgeting in Sri Lanka." Public Budgeting Finance 6, no. 2 (June 1986): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5850.00712.

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6

Goldammer, J. G., and U. Schweinfurth. "Landscape Ecology of Sri Lanka." Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 1, no. 6 (November 1991): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997634.

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7

Madhushani, A. A. L. "Challenges in Integrity of Sport: Current Practices and Preventive Approaches of Sport Corruption in Sri Lanka." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 84, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2019-0023.

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AbstractIn many countries, including Sri Lanka, control of sports is connected to political power of the state and therefore, the political patronage decisively influences sports, both in and out of the playground. This study looks at few identified areas relating to the impact of mal-governance and corruption in sports administration, and how general governance structure adversely affects sports integrity in Sri Lanka. The content analysis was performed on articles pertaining to the sport corruption in Sri Lanka. The analysis has shown that the sport corruption is a main and considerable issue in Sri Lanka due to the several reasons. The study recommended that the proper governance policy should be invented to the sport sector to prevent this issue.

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8

Ramasamy, Ramesh. "Governance and administration in Sri Lanka: trends, tensions, and prospects." Public Administration and Policy 23, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-03-2020-0020.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the status of governance and administration in Sri Lanka in light of current crises and the impact on the quality of governance.Design/methodology/approachThe mixed method approach is employed to explore the problem based on secondary data and results from two major surveys.FindingsThis paper shows political and administrative commitment and quality of governance are two basic ingredients for rapid development and fighting administrative malpractices. Sri Lanka’s system of governance is a mixture of paternalism and alliance developed through political dynasty, kinship, ethnicity, caste, religion, and elitism.Originality/valueThis study fills the research gap as few studies have examined the recent crises of Sri Lanka’s governance and the impacts on governance quality.Policy implicationsOnly by implementing administrative and policy reforms will not improve governance quality in the absence of strong political and bureaucratic commitment. Moreover, global anti-corruption measures are unlikely to work in the Sri Lankan context.

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9

Bertone, Thomas L. "Improving Local Government in Sri Lanka." International Review of Administrative Sciences 58, no. 1 (March 1992): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085239205800105.

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10

Anusha, P., and S. Vijesandiran. "An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Agricultural Sector Determinants on Economic Growth in Sri Lanka." Business and Economic Research 12, no. 2 (June 19, 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v12i2.19823.

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The role of agriculture has been significantly emphasized in improving the living standard of the population and the economic framework of any country. Agriculture has been an important sector in Sri Lanka which contributes 7.4% to the GDP, 25.5% of the total labor force, and 20.62% to the foreign earnings and Livelihood Avenue for 2.1 million households in Sri Lanka. The contribution of agriculture sector determinants food, forestry, fishery, and livestock: to the GDP shows a declining trend during the last four decades. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the effect of these determinants on economic growth from 1987 to 2019. Secondary data was extracted from the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root tests confirmed that all the variables are stationary only at I(0) and I(1) and ARDL (3,4,4,3,4) model. The findings of the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test show that livestock has a statistically significant impact on RGDP at a 5% significant level in the long run in Sri Lanka. The Error Correction version of the ARDL test found that a short run significantly positive effect of food production, forestry, and livestock on RGDP. Thus, the Sri Lankan government should prioritize in focusing on different subsector determinants to accelerate the economic growth in Sri Lanka. Further, Sri Lanka should take favorable policy decisions to ensure a sustainable agricultural system to challenge the future crises and shocks in the food safety of the population.

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11

Pain, Adam. "Agricultural Research in Sri Lanka: An Historical Account." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 4 (October 1986): 755–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013718.

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An underlying premise of much of the comment on developing countries' agricultural research organizations and capabilities, has been that they are weak, and have been unsuccessful in generating new technologies and meeting farmers' needs. Indeed, one of the very justifications for the setting up of the series of international research institutes, such as the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was that national research programmes were seen to lack sufficient strength and organization to be able to respond to the urgent needs of food production that were identified in the 1960s. It was argued that a primary role of the International Centres would be to support and develop such national research programmes both through training and the provision of new plant varieties and technologies, and that the building up of local research capability in developing countries would come only after the International Research Centres had developed and transferred the new technologies.

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12

Ranasinghe, R. A. W. "Role of Government Agent in Local Administration in Sri Lanka." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss1.139.

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The Government Agent (GA) represented the highest authority of the district Administration in the pre-independent Sri Lanka. A similar position known as the “Disawe” could be found in the local administration in the kandyan kingdom. The post of the disawe was replaced by the colonial post of the GA. The powers and functions of the GA made him a petty king in the district. The GA commanded his duty centering in his official place known as Kachchery. The beginning of the 20th Century, the GA played a significant role in district administration in Sri Lanka. Despoil of power and functions of the GA by the political authority were accelerated with the introduction of the Provincial Council system in 1987. Presently the GA is not other than a government servant who plays a role of a coordinator. Also GA has become a victim of the rapid process of politicization of bureaucracy.

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13

Rupasinghe, Kalupahana. "Formalizing Land Administration through E-Governance Mechanism in Sri Lanka." Intelligent Information Management 13, no. 04 (2021): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/iim.2021.134012.

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14

Wanasinghe, H. S. "Management Development in Public Administration : The Experience of Sri Lanka." Indian Journal of Public Administration 34, no. 3 (July 1988): 790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119880328.

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15

de Silva Wijeyeratne, Roshan. "Galactic Polities and the Decentralisation of Administration in Sri Lanka." Griffith Law Review 12, no. 2 (January 2003): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2003.10854519.

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16

Oberst, Robert. "Administrative conflict and decentralization: The case of Sri Lanka." Public Administration and Development 6, no. 2 (April 1986): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230060205.

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17

SLATER, RICHARD. "Approaches to strengthening local government: lessons from Sri Lanka." Public Administration and Development 17, no. 2 (May 1997): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199705)17:2<251::aid-pad932>3.0.co;2-2.

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18

Walisinghe, Buddhini Ranjika, Shyama Ratnasiri, Nicholas Rohde, and Ross Guest. "Does agricultural extension promote technology adoption in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-10-2016-0275.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of agricultural extension services provided by public sector on the individual technology adoption behaviour of rice farmers in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach The study used data from a cross sectional survey conducted in seven rice procuring regions in Sri Lanka. Eight rice technologies were selected to explore the effect of extension service on adoption behaviour of rice farmers using probit models. The extension service variable was identified as potentially endogeneous and instrumented using average extension for each region. Findings The results revealed that the extension service variable was positive and indicative of a high level of significance in all the rice technologies promoting the adoption. Hence the public agricultural extension service programmes were considered as significant explanators of technology adoption. The farmers who received agricultural extension service were more likely to adopt a technology. Social implications At present, the position of agricultural extension service is questioned and the future is unknown. Therefore, this study advises policy makers to prioritise agricultural policies to strengthen public spending on agricultural extension for effective adoption of technological innovations. Originality/value The paper adds solid empirical evidence to the literature on technology adoption behaviour from a peasant agricultural context in a developing country scenario that uses farm level data. Moreover, the study contributes to the literature by reiterating the significance of public provision of extension and training programmes as a direct motive in the technology adoption behaviour of farmers.

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19

Niranjan, F., N. P. C. Uddika, M. C. S. Bantilan, and N. P. Singh. "Assessing agricultural vulnerability to climate change in Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Food and Agriculture 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljfa.v1i1.11.

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20

Inoka, W. A., P. Karunaratne, and Jayanthi P. Edirisinghe. "Bee diversity in a semi-agricultural field - Sri Lanka." Biodiversity 6, no. 4 (December 2006): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2005.9712781.

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21

Mustafa, M. M., M. B. Baig, and F. M. M. T. Marikar. "Agriculture farming extension model for analysing climate change adaptation: A case study of Sri Lankan farmers." Agricultural Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (March 2022): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.013.

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Abstract. Climate change and variability threaten the sustainability of agricultural and food production, especially in agrarian communities. In Sri Lanka, rainfall is expected to decline by almost 10% by the year 2050 and the largest increase in temperature can be experienced. Despite the potential risks of climate change on agricultural productivity, Sri Lanka does not have a dedicated policy to respond to climate change. Furthermore, there is a dearth of research done in Sri Lanka to provide an understanding of factors that shape farmers’ adaptation to climate change and institutional link to the adaptive capacity of farming households. In this study we have taken secondary data from the World Bank and Central Bank of Sri Lanka to show how the farming population decreased and deforesting occurred due to the urbanization as well as to low education of the farming community. The results show that the majority of farmers who have climate variability adaptation strategies in place are largely influenced by indigenous knowledge. Women and low-income earners are less likely to employ climate change adaptation strategies in order to improve their agricultural productivity. The results have implications that agricultural extension officers service is needed to keep them in the industry and introduce new foresting schemes to carbon deposit and finally reduce the urbanization process.

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22

De Silva, W. "Nature and buddhist architecture: Sri lanka." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 12, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dne-v12-n2-225-234.

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23

Yusoff, Mohammad Agus, Athambawa Sarjoon, Nordin Hussin, and Azmi Awang. "Public Administration and Minority Language: The Case of District Administration in Amparai, Sri Lanka." Public Administration Research 4, no. 2 (October 28, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v4n2p31.

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Even though minorities have gained international linguistic recognition, accepting and admitting minority languages in public affairs has been a contested issue in many countries. In Sri Lanka, the admitting of minority language — specifically Tamil — in public administration has continued to be a serious issue imposing a number of difficulties on Tamil-speaking minorities, although Tamil is legally recognized as an official language. The district administration of Amparai in the eastern province is a severe case where Tamil has been marginalized in the district’s administrative affairs, violating the constitutional recognition of conducting public administration in Tamil in the north-eastern region. The major objective of this study is to examine the nature and extent of Tamil language admission in the district administration of Amparai. The findings of this study revealed that the violation of constitutional provisions and administrative circulars on admitting the Tamil language in district administration has not only led to the domination of the Sinhala language and the Sinhalese in this district’s administration, but also has induced the Tamil-speakers of this district to demand and advocate for a new administrative district within the district for their administrative easiness. This research suggests that proper implementation of Tamil language provisions and institutional restructuring at the district secretariat level would help to reconcile the linguistic issues facing by Tamil-speakers in the district. This case study incorporates both primary and secondary data collected from different sources, and is presented through descriptive and interpretative analysis.

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24

Nuwangi, Hasara, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Thilini Chanchala Agampodi, Helen Philippa Price, Lisa Dikomitis, and Suneth Buddhika Agampodi. "Rewriting the history of leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: An untold story since 1904." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): e0010918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010918.

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Leishmaniasis is widely considered a disease that emerged in Sri Lanka in the 1990s. However, a comprehensive case report from 1904 suggests that the presence of Leishmaniasis was well demonstrated in Sri Lanka long before that. The Annual Administration Reports of Ceylon/Sri Lanka from 1895 to 1970 and the Ceylon Blue Book from 1821 to 1937 are official historical documents that provide an annual performance, progress, goals achieved, and finances of Sri Lanka during that time. Both these documents are available in the National Archives. The Ceylon Administrative Report of 1904 reports a full record of observation of Leishman-Donovan bodies in Sri Lanka for the first time. These reports contain a total of 33,438 cases of leishmaniasis in the years 1928 to 1938, 1953, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, and 1961 to 1962. Up to 1938, the term “cutaneous leishmaniasis” was used, and after 1938, the term “leishmaniasis” was used in these reports. “Kala-azar” was also mentioned in 11 administrative reports between 1900 and 1947. In 1947, an extensive vector study has been carried out where they reported kala-azar cases. This well-documented government health information clearly shows that the history of leishmaniasis is almost the same as the global history in which the first case with Leishman-Donovan bodies were reported in 1903.

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25

Perera, A. "Administration of the Patent System in Sri Lanka: A Critical Appraisal." Common Law World Review 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 344–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/clwr.2014.43.4.0278.

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26

Jayaweera, Swarna. "European women educators under the British colonial administration in Sri Lanka." Women's Studies International Forum 13, no. 4 (January 1990): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(90)90029-w.

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27

Sreenivasan, Akshaya, Steve Bien-Aimé, and Colleen Connolly-Ahern. "Connecting Homeland and Borders Using Mobile Telephony: Exploring the State of Tamil Refugees in Indian Camps." Journal of Information Policy 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 86–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.7.1.0086.

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Abstract This article attempts to explain how mobile phones influence how Sri Lankan Tamil refugees perceive cultural, psychological, and physical borders. Grounded in the information and communications technology (ICT) literature and diaspora communications, the lead author conducted twelve in-depth interviews with Mandapam camp residents in Tamilnadu, India, during Summer 2013. Results indicate that while camp refugees considered Sri Lanka their “motherland,” fear of government surveillance coupled with skepticism regarding the peace process impedes their return, even though official hostilities have ceased. However, mobile communications allow them to create a virtual community, which is important because camp life essentially separates them from both India and Sri Lanka.

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Köpke, Sören, Sisira S. Withanachchi, Ruwan Pathiranage, Chandana R. Withanachchi, Deepika U. Gamage, Thushantha S. Nissanka, Chinthana C. Warapitiya, et al. "Human–Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka: A Critical Review of Causal Explanations." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158625.

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Human–elephant conflict (HEC) is a severe and much-debated issue in Sri Lanka. An average of two hundred animals are intentionally killed, and seventy to eighty human casualties are counted each year. The Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) is an endangered subspecies. The reported elephant mortality rates are high. On the other hand, human–elephant conflict also leads to hardship and trauma among rural populations. This research paper reviews causal explanations for HEC in Sri Lanka, tracing underlying narratives and connecting broader conservation theory and practical approaches. The paper discusses potential causes and contexts of HEC in Sri Lanka, including historical factors (i.e., colonial hunting and land-use changes), poaching, habitat loss due to population growth, crop-raiding behaviour, problem animals, and changes in agricultural production systems. The review concludes that socio-economic and cultural factors in HEC in Sri Lanka are poorly explained, and more research should focus on the underlying conditions of rural populations’ vulnerability.

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29

Wijeweera, B. S. "Policy developments and administrative changes in Sri Lanka: 1948-1987." Public Administration and Development 9, no. 3 (June 1989): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230090305.

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Alahacoon, Niranga, Mahesh Edirisinghe, and Manjula Ranagalage. "Satellite-Based Meteorological and Agricultural Drought Monitoring for Agricultural Sustainability in Sri Lanka." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063427.

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For Sri Lanka, as an agricultural country, a methodical drought monitoring mechanism, including spatial and temporal variations, may significantly contribute to its agricultural sustainability. Investigating long-term meteorological and agricultural drought occurrences in Sri Lanka and assessing drought hazard at the district level are the main objectives of the study. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) were used as drought indicators to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of agriculture and meteorological droughts. Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data from 1989 to 2019 was used to calculate SPI and RAI. MOD13A1 and MOD11A2 data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 to 2019, were used to generate the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI). Agricultural drought monitoring was done using VHI and generated using the spatial integration of VCI and TCI. Thus, various spatial data analysis techniques were extensively employed for vector and raster data integration and analysis. A methodology has been developed for the drought declaration of the country using the VHI-derived drought area percentage. Accordingly, for a particular year, if the country-wide annual extreme and severe drought area percentage based on VHI drought classes is ≥30%, it can be declared as a drought year. Moreover, administrative districts of Sri Lanka were classified into four hazard classes, No drought, Low drought, Moderate drought, and High drought, using the natural-beak classification scheme for both agricultural and meteorological droughts. The findings of this study can be used effectively by the relevant decision-makers for drought risk management (DRM), resilience, sustainable agriculture, and policymaking.

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Xu, Sen, Si-Liang Li, Fujun Yue, Charitha Udeshani, and Rohana Chandrajith. "Natural and Anthropogenic Controls of Groundwater Quality in Sri Lanka: Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu)." Water 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2021): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192724.

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Poor groundwater quality in household wells is hypothesized as being a potential contributor to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. However, the influencing factors of groundwater quality in Sri Lanka are rarely investigated at a national scale. Here, the spatial characteristics of groundwater geochemistry in Sri Lanka were described. The relationships of groundwater quality parameters with environmental factors, including lithology, land use, and climatic conditions, were further examined to identify the natural and anthropogenic controlling factors of groundwater quality in Sri Lanka. The results showed that groundwater geochemistry in Sri Lanka exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity. The high concentrations of NO3− were found in the districts that have a higher percentage of agricultural lands, especially in the regions in the coastal zone. Higher hardness and fluoride in groundwater were mainly observed in the dry zone. The concentrations of trace elements such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr of all the samples were lower than the World Health Organization guideline values, while some the samples had higher As and Al concentrations above the guideline values. Principal component analysis identified four components that explained 73.2% of the total data variance, and the first component with high loadings of NO3−, hardness, As, and Cr suggested the effects of agricultural activities, while other components were primarily attributed to natural sources and processes. Further analyses found that water hardness, fluoride and As concentration had positive correlations with precipitation and negative correlations with air temperature. The concentration of NO3− and water hardness were positively correlated with agricultural lands, while As concentration was positively correlated with unconsolidated sediments. The environmental factors can account for 58% of the spatial variation in the overall groundwater geochemistry indicated by the results of redundancy analysis. The groundwater quality data in this study cannot identify whether groundwater quality is related to the occurrence of CKDu. However, these findings identify the coupled controls of lithology, land use, and climate on groundwater quality in Sri Lanka. Future research should be effectively designed to clarify the synergistic effect of different chemical constituents on CKDu.

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Rajapaksha, Tharindu Ishanka, and Lalitha S. Fernando. "An analysis of the standards of the government websites of Sri Lanka." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 10, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-09-2013-0036.

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Purpose This paper aims to identify the reasons for the lower ranking of the Online Service Index of Sri Lanka under the United Nations E-Government Readiness Index. The study is conducted as a comparative study on selected Asian countries and suggests remedial measures for the improvement of the status of e-government of Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach In this regard, as the sample of websites ranked according to the Online Service Index of the United Nations, five government websites of Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh and Singapore were selected. They are the national portal and the websites of the five Ministries: The Ministry of Education, Finance, Health, Labor and of Social Services. Asian countries selected are India, Bangladesh and Singapore including Sri Lanka. Observation method was the mainly used method for data collection. The websites were evaluated in contrast with the help of the “Main features reviewed by the United Nations E-government Survey” as the checklist. Substantial description and scoring methods were used for the analysis of the data and the presentation of the findings of the study. Findings Thus, several weaknesses of the online services of the government websites of Sri Lanka were identified. Among them, the major reasons identified for the lower rank of the Sri Lankan Online Service Index were, for example, the inability to identify the exact website of national portal, the lack of accessibility or usability features, the weaknesses in the active maintenance of the “Contact us” feature, service-delivery capability features, citizen participation and also interconnectedness features. The above weaknesses have been the key/root causes for the decline of the rank of the Online Service Index of Sri Lanka. Research limitations/implications From five government websites, selected three foreign Asian countries were in focus because of practical limitations. Another difficulty faced in the analysis and comparison of the websites was that the information with regard to the United Nations evaluation methodology/criteria has not been adequately provided. Practical implications The findings of this study provide information for the policy makers, web standards, evaluation criteria developers and almost all the government organizations to address key issues related to this field for the maximization of citizen participation, the enhancement of the service-delivery capabilities and accessibility features of websites to improve the online services of the government. This study unfolded several areas for the future researchers. Those researches can also be conducted based on sub indexes of the United Nations E-Government Readiness Index. The same method could be used to examine Human Capital Index, Telecommunication and Infrastructure Index and Citizen Participation Index. This research could also be expanded through observations of foreign countries. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of the quality of government websites of Sri Lanka compared to the selected Asian countries. Through the utilization of this scoring method, four major weaknesses that contribute to the lower ranking of the online service of Sri Lanka were identified with suggestions indented for the improvement of the government websites.

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Kuruppuge, Ravindra Hewa, and Ales Gregar. "Employee’s Learning in the Organization - A Study of Knowledge Based Industries." Foundations of Management 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fman-2018-0002.

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Abstract This paper focuses on reviewing the learning behavior of individual employees in the firm over other influencing factors in knowledge-based industries in Sri Lanka. Using a stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 143 employees from jobs in Database Administration & Development, Systems & Network Administration, Web Development & Programming and Software Engineering was selected as respondents for the survey from 13 knowledge based industrial firms in Sri Lanka. After a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of respondents, the causal relationships among predictor and outcome variables were tested using the partial least squares regression method. The results indicated that the use of digital methods, digital tools, organizational identification and knowledge sharing are positively influenced by employee’s learning in the firm. Yet, the employee’s turnover intention has negatively influenced employee learning.

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34

Esham, Mohamed, and Chris Garforth. "Climate change and agricultural adaptation in Sri Lanka: a review." Climate and Development 5, no. 1 (January 2013): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.762333.

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Gunawardana, P. J., and E. A. Oczkowski. "GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND AGRICULTURAL SUPPLY RESPONSE: PADDY IN SRI LANKA." Journal of Agricultural Economics 43, no. 2 (May 1992): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00217.x.

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Jayasumana, Channa. "Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities (CINAC) in Sri Lanka." Seminars in Nephrology 39, no. 3 (May 2019): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.02.006.

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Gunda, Thushara, George M. Hornberger, and Jonathan M. Gilligan. "Spatiotemporal Patterns of Agricultural Drought in Sri Lanka: 1881-2010." International Journal of Climatology 36, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4365.

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Kumari, M. K. N., Kazuhito Sakai, Sho Kimura, Kozue Yuge, and M. H. J. P. Gunarathna. "Classification of Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation in the Ulagalla Tank Cascade Landscape by GIS and the Analytic Hierarchy Process." Agronomy 9, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9070351.

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The tank cascade system (TCS) has been used for over 2000 years for water management in Sri Lanka. Since surface water is limited in the dry zone of Sri Lanka, agricultural production, especially of upland crops, relies on groundwater for irrigation. We sampled 29 wells in the Ulagalla cascade, a prominent TCS near Anuradhapura city in the dry zone of Sri Lanka, in Yala (dry) and Maha (wet) seasons, the two main cropping seasons in Sri Lanka. We evaluated the suitability of groundwater for irrigation using the analytic hierarchy process and geographical information system. Water quality did not vary notably between seasons. However, it deteriorated with the onset of high intensity heavy rain, especially during the Maha season. A water quality zoning map indicated that groundwater in 4% and 96% of the study area is suitable and moderately suitable for irrigation, respectively. Irrigation water quality in tank cascade landscapes and similar environments can be assessed using this methodology and our results.

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Hewa, Soma. "Civil Society Organizations and Global Health." Revista História: Debates e Tendências 21, no. 3 (August 24, 2021): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/hdtv.21n.3.12856.

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Civil society organizations are playing a vital role in capacity building at the grassroots level around the world. Rockefeller philanthropy pioneered this civic responsibility, both at home and abroad, in controlling epidemic disease and developing public health. Since its inception in 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation had been involved in a wide range of public health programs in Sri Lanka (previously known as Ceylon), which was regarded as the key to the Foundation’s activities in Asia. Rockefeller philanthropy arrived in Sri Lanka during the European colonial rule in the early twentieth century and received a hostile reception from the colonial administration. The Foundation’s officials acted cautiously and listened to local citizens in developing public health strategies. Such efforts succeeded not only in combating disease and promoting health, but also achieving sustained community support. This paper is a critical inquiry of the program and its role in the development of a modern public health network in Sri Lanka.

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Samaratunge, Ramanie, Quamrul Alam, and Julian Teicher. "The New Public Management reforms in Asia: a comparison of South and Southeast Asian countries." International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 1 (March 2008): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852307085732.

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It has been recognized that there is a need for a cross-country analysis that can be used to identify the factors that contribute to the problems of state incapacity in South and Southeast Asian nations. In taking up this challenge, we explore selected initiatives of new public management (NPM) in the region to analyse cross-country variations. For this purpose we have chosen four South and Southeast Asian countries, namely: Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. This article examines how the contextual factors. namely political history, party politics, macroeconomic considerations, state tradition, role of International Development Agencies (IDAs) and the state of civil society, influence the nature and the outcome NPM initiatives in these four countries. We argue that contextual factors played a determining role for which Singapore and Malaysia are relatively successful on their own terms compared to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, which failed to achieve the expected benefits from NPM reforms. Points for practitioners It has been argued that there is a need for a cross-country analysis to identify the factors that contribute to the problems of public sector reforms in South and Southeast Asian nations. In taking up this challenge, we have explored selected initiatives of new public management (NPM) to analyse cross-country variations using four South and Southeast Asian countries, namely: Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. We argue that unique country-specific contextual factors have played a determining role for which Singapore and Malaysia are relatively successful on their own terms compared to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in public management reforms.

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Samarasinghe, Jayantha Dias. "Insights from the Discourse on Behavioral Public Administration: Enriching Public Administration Research in Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Development Administration 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljda.v6i1.7141.

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Rathnayake, Chinthani, Bill Malcolm, Garry Griffith, and Alex Sinnette. "Trade Consequences of the Farm Production Regulation: The Glyphosate Ban in the Sri Lankan Tea Industry." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.02.1.

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Abstract Tea manufacturing is an important industry for the Sri Lankan economy because it generates foreign income, which adds to gross domestic product of the country and creates employment opportunities. Tea has been exported to several countries from Sri Lanka for over a century, and Sri Lanka remains a leading tea exporter to date. Recently, the Sri Lankan government issues a policy which disadvantages the tea industry in the country. The government banned the use of glyphosate in the agricultural sector from 2015 to 2018 which directly or indirectly affects the tea industry. The policy brought a consequence where the farmers used illegal substances and other weedicides to control the weed. These consequences placed the Sri Lankan tea industry at risk since their final product is contains high amount of residual weedicide which exceeds the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In this paper, we use The Equilibrium Displacement Model to study the economic impact of rejections of tea consignments by Japan due to the excess use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in 2018. The demand of Sri Lankan bulk black tea by Japan has declined by 6.5% between 2017 and 2018. The estimated of the Sri Lankan tea industry from reduced demand for bulk black tea was Rs339 million. Keywords: tea industry, glyphosate ban, Sri Lanka Abstrak Teh adalah industri penting bagi perekonomian Sri Lanka karena menghasilkan devisa yang menambah produksi domestik bruto dan menciptakan lapangan kerja. Teh telah diekspor dari Sri Lanka selama lebih dari satu abad ke berbagai negara dan Sri Lanka tetap menjadi eksportir utama. Kebijakan pemerintah baru-baru ini yang memengaruhi sektor pertanian tidak menguntungkan bagi industri teh. Pelarangan penggunaan glifosat dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018 merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang berdampak signifikan terhadap industri teh, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Konsekuensi penggunaan formulasi pengendali gulma ilegal dan herbisida alternatif menempatkan industri teh pada keadaan yang beresiko melalui konsekuensi tidak disengaja dari kehilangan akses ke pasar ekspor teh karena insiden mengenai kelebihan Batas Maksimum Residu. Dalam tulisan ini, dampak ekonomi dari penolakan pengiriman teh dari Jepang karena penggunaan 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) yang berlebihan pada tahun 2018 diselidiki dengan menggunakan Equilibrium Displacement Model pada industri teh. Permintaan ekspor Jepang untuk teh hitam curah turun 6,5% antara 2017 dan 2018. Perkiraan kerugian surplus ekonomi industri teh Sri Lanka dari penurunan permintaan teh hitam curah adalah Rs339 juta. Kata kunci: industri teh, larangan penggunaan glifosat, Sri Lanka

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Illankoon, W. A. M. A. N., Chiara Milanese, Alessandro Girella, Puhulwella G. Rathnasiri, K. H. M. Sudesh, Maria Medina Llamas, Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, and Sabrina Sorlini. "Agricultural Biomass-Based Power Generation Potential in Sri Lanka: A Techno-Economic Analysis." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 8984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238984.

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Worldwide energy costs have grown in recent years due to the dwindling global fossil fuel resources and the increased reliance on them for global energy production. This is a common scenario in many nations, including Sri Lanka. As a developing country, Sri Lanka should encourage the diversification of its renewable energy supplies using locally available resources. In this regard, Sri Lanka can promote the use of agricultural residues for energy generation. The present work explores the energy potential of the solid waste generated by the rice industry: rice straw (RS) and rice husk (RH). A new approach was developed using statistical data on rice production and paddy cultivation in each district of the island. The obtained data were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) to provide geo-referenced results. A physico-chemical characterization of the RS and RH was conducted to correlate the properties of raw materials to their potential energy generation. As an energy generation technology, the grate-fired combustion boiler accompanied by steam turbine cycle (GFC/ST) was selected. Our findings show that the total energy capacity using by-products of the rice industry is estimated to be 2129.24 ktoe/year of primary energy, with a capacity of 977 Mwe, producing 5.65 TWh of electricity annually. An economic analysis shows ten districts have a high profit index (PI > 1). The districts with the highest PI values are Anuradhapura, Ampara, Polonnaruwa, and Kurunegala, with annual energy potentials of 286 ktoe, 279 ktoe, 231 ktoe, and 160 ktoe, respectively. This work aims to aid future policy decisions by identifying potential districts in which to develop infrastructure for energy generation using agricultural waste, thus reducing net greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of Sri Lanka.

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De Zoysa, Priyanjali, and Rita Shackel. "The use of psychology in the administration of justice in Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Forensic Medicine, Science & Law 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljfmsl.v2i2.4366.

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SAMANTHA KUMARA, P. A. P. "UNDERGRADUATES' INTENTION TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SRI LANKA." Journal of Enterprising Culture 20, no. 01 (March 2012): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495812500057.

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This study attempted to examine entrepreneurial intention of Sri Lankan undergraduates. The undergraduates' entrepreneurial intention was examined with entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self-employment. Accordingly, it was rationalized that entrepreneurial intention is influenced by entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self employment. Gender impacts on these three aspects were also examined. The study sample consisted of 149 management undergraduates of one of the leading universities in Sri Lanka and data were collected through the administration of a formal questionnaire. The results revealed that undergraduates' entrepreneurial belief, attitude towards self-employment and entrepreneurial intention were moderately positive; there were statistically significant positive modest correlation between entrepreneurial belief and entrepreneurial intention, and between attitude towards self-employment and entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, there was no significant impact of gender on entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self-employment. However, it was found that there existed significant difference between male and female undergraduates in terms of their entrepreneurial intention.

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Anuradha, J. M. P. N., Miho Fujimura, Tsukasa Inaoka, and Norio Sakai. "The Role of Agricultural Land Use Pattern Dynamics on Elephant Habitat Depletion and Human-Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102818.

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The drastic depletion of elephant habitats in the dry zone of Sri Lanka has led to intense human-elephant conflict (HEC) in a region that is home to one of the celebrated agrarian settlements in Asia. Known as the tank villages, these settlements have a long history of human coexistence with elephants and other wild animals. However, the escalating incidence of human-elephant fatalities and crop losses to farmers indicates that the mode of interaction between the tank village inhabitants and the elephants has transformed from coexistence to conflict. Both population and agricultural land use pattern dynamics have contributed to agricultural expansion and loss of elephant habitat in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. However, our knowledge of how the agricultural land use pattern dynamics has contributed to the drastic depletion of elephant range in the dry zone is limited. This research attempted to gain insight into the role of agricultural land use dynamics on elephant habitat depletion and HEC in Sri Lanka through the study of Kuttikulama, a dry zone tank village. The data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and a cross sectional survey. The study revealed that agricultural land use patterns in traditional dry zone villages have changed in major ways over the last few decades. Such changes included the transition from a shifting-cultivation mode of farming to a fixed sequential mode of farming, the expansion of the per capita cropping area, and the disappearance of communality in agricultural land use patterns. The changes were found to have significantly contributed to a shift in human–elephant interactions from relatively harmonious ones to contentious ones. The study reveals the potential of traditional and alternative cropping and land use systems to minimize human-elephant conflict in Sri Lanka.

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Sudasinghe, Hasani Prabodha, and Dinithi C. Peiris. "Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Passiflora suberosa L." PeerJ 6 (February 20, 2018): e4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4389.

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Leaves of Passiflora suberosa L. (Family: Passifloraceae; common name: wild passion fruit, devil’s pumpkin) are used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for treating diabetes. The present study investigated the in vivo ability of P. suberosa leaves to manage blood sugar status and associated cholesterol levels. Mechanisms of action and toxicity were also determined. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts of P. suberosa leaves and carbohydrate content of the leaves were determined according to previously published methods. In two group of male mice (n = 9), effects on fasting and random blood glucose levels (BGLs) of different acute doses (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of the aqueous leaf extract (ALE) were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 h post-treatment. In another set of mice, the fasting BGL was evaluated following treatment of 0 or 50 mg/kg ALE (dose prescribed in traditional medicine) for 30 consecutive days. The lipid profile, some mechanism of ALE action (diaphragm glucose uptake, glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles) and its toxicity (behavioural observation, food and water intake, hepatoxicity) were also assessed following 30-day treatment. However, sucrose and glucose tolerance tests and intestinal glucose uptake were conducted to determine portion of mechanisms of action following single dose of 50 mg/kg ALE. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, unsaturated sterols, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and proanthocyanidins. Carbohydrate content of the leaves was 12.97%. The maximum hypoglycemic effect was observed after 4 h of 50 and 100 mg/kg ALE administration. The extract decreased fasting BGL (18%) following an oral sucrose challenge and inhibited (79%) glucose absorption from the intestine. Correspondingly, the levels of glycogen in the liver (61%) and in the skeletal muscles (57%) were found be higher than that of the control group. The levels of total cholesterol (17%) and tri-glyceraldehyde levels (12%) found to be reduced in treated groups. Furthermore, no significant toxic effects were observed in treated groups. The present results suggest that the leaves of P. suberosa can be used to manage blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Isolation of active compounds are recommended for further analysis.

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Merriam, John L., and Grant G. Davids. "Demand Irrigation Schedule Pilot Project: Sri Lanka." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 112, no. 3 (August 1986): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1986)112:3(185).

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Hartley, Michael J., Marc Nerlove, and R. Kyle Peters. "An Analysis of Rubber Supply in Sri Lanka." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 69, no. 4 (November 1987): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242185.

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Abayagunawardhana, H. A. "Microcomputer‐based information system at the Kalutara Kacheri, Sri Lanka." Information Technology for Development 2, no. 3 (September 1987): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.1987.9627103.

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