Books on the topic 'Agreement-Based Systems'
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1
Great Britain: Foreign and Commonwealth Office Staff. Agreement on the promotion, provision and use of Galileo and GPS satellite-based navigation systems and related Applications: Dromoland Castle, Co. Clare, 26 June 2004. Stationery Office, The, 2008.
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Office, Stationery, and Great Britain: Foreign and Commonwealth Office Staff. Agreement on the Promotion, Provision and Use of Galileo and GPS Satellite-Based Navigation Systems and Related Applications: Dromoland Castle, Co. Clare, Ireland, 26 June 2004. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2013.
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Grunert, Marcel, Andreas Perrot, and Silke Rickert-Sperling. Complex network interactions: cardiovascular systems biology. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0033.
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A large quantity of molecular information on heart development, function, and disease has been generated over recent decades. However, most recent studies have been dominated by reductionistic approaches, and thus many aspects remain unclear, particularly regarding the primary causes of complex cardiovascular diseases such as congenital heart malformations. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, systems-based approaches have developed rapidly in biology and medicine. In the biology of cardiovascular systems complex data within or across different molecular levels of biological systems or pathways can be integrated and combined to identify the causes underlying cardiac diseases, which might not be possible otherwise. This is in agreement with data suggesting that biological molecules in individual regulatory layers, such as transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, act within networksrather than independently of each other. Thus systems biology provides a promising approach to fully addressing the complexities of congenital heart disease.
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Cairney, Paul. The Politics of Evidence-Based Policy Making. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.268.
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“Evidence-based policy making” (EBPM) has become a popular term to describe the need for more scientific and less ideological policy making. Some compare it to “evidence-based medicine,” which describes moves to produce evidence, using commonly-held scientific principles regarding a hierarchy of evidence, which can directly inform practice. Policy making is different: there is less agreement on what counts as good evidence, and more things to consider when responding to evidence.Our awareness of these differences between science and policy are not new. Current debates resemble a postwar policy science agenda, to produce more scientific and “rational” policy analysis, which faced major empirical and normative obstacles: the world is not that simple, and an overly technocratic approach to policy undermines much-needed political debate. To understand modern discussions of EBPM, key insights from previous discussions must be considered: policy making is both “rational” and “irrational”; it takes place in complex policy environments or systems, whose properties should be understood in some depth; and it can and should not be driven by “the evidence” alone.
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Ye, Liu, Jose Porro, and Ingmar Nopens, eds. Quantification and Modelling of Fugitive Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Water Systems. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789060461.
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Abstract With increased commitment from the international community to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all sectors in accordance with the Paris Agreement, the water sector has never felt the pressure it is now under to transition to a low-carbon water management model. This requires reducing GHG emissions from grid-energy consumption (Scope 2 emissions), which is straightforward; however, it also requires reducing Scope 1 emissions, which include nitrous oxide and methane emissions, predominantly from wastewater handling and treatment. The pathways and factors leading to biological nitrous oxide and methane formation and emissions from wastewater are highly complex and site-specific. Good emission factors for estimating the Scope 1 emissions are lacking, water utilities have little experience in directly measuring these emissions, and the mathematical modelling of these emissions is challenging. Therefore, this book aims to help the water sector address the Scope 1 emissions by breaking down their pathways and influencing factors, and providing guidance on both the use of emission factors, and performing direct measurements of nitrous oxide and methane emissions from sewers and wastewater treatment plants. The book also dives into the mathematical modelling for predicting these emissions and provides guidance on the use of different mathematical models based upon your conditions, as well as an introduction to alternative modelling methods, including metabolic, data-driven, and AI methods. Finally, the book includes guidance on using the modelling tools for assessing different operating strategies and identifying promising mitigation actions. A must-have book for anyone needing to understand, account for, and reduce water utility Scope 1 emissions. ISBN: 9781789060454 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789060461 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789060478 (ePub)
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Kaufman, Daniel. Lexical Category and Alignment in Austronesian. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.24.
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Philippine-type languages are often cited as exemplifying a cross-linguistically unique voice system, in which verb morphology can select not only an agent or patient, but also locative, instrumental and other adjunct type relations as the nominative argument. In this paper, we examine three approaches to this typologically remarkable system: the ergative analysis, the case agreement analysis and the nominalization analysis, arguing for the latter based on strong parallels between verbal and nominal predication from the root level to the clause level. The morphologically symmetric nature of Philippine-type languages is argued to stem from their nominal roots. The historical development of verbal roots leads to a more fixed argument structure in which canonical ergative languages develop. Mamuju, an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia, is offered as an example of a classically ergative language, in contrast to Philippine-type systems.
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Taubman, Antony, and Jayashree Watal, eds. Trade in Knowledge. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108780919.
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Technological change has transformed the ways knowledge is developed and shared internationally. Accordingly, in the quarter-century since the WTO was established, and since its Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights came into force, both the knowledge dimension of trade and the functioning of the IP system have been radically transformed. The need to understand and respond to this change has placed knowledge at the centre of policy debates about economic and social development. Recognizing the need for modern analytical tools to support policymakers and analysts, this publication draws together contributions from a diverse range of scholars and analysts. Together, they offer a fresh understanding of what it means to trade in knowledge in today's technological and commercial environment. The publication offers insights into the prospects for knowledge-based development and ideas for updated systems of governance that promote the creation and sharing of the benefits of knowledge.
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Paciaroni, Tania, and Michele Loporcaro. Overt gender marking depending on syntactic context in Ripano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795438.003.0007.
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Based on dedicated fieldwork, this chapter analyses the gender system of Ripano (Italo-Romance), showing that it displays overt gender marking, but only depending on syntactic context. While overt gender per se and the syntactic dependency of gender marking via agreement on targets have both been described for several languages, the Ripano system is unprecedented, and deserves thorough description: thus, the chapter presents the phonological, morphological, and morphosyntactic prerequisites as well as the syntactic conditions which constrain overt gender marking. It places this peculiarity of Ripano in perspective, describing the many other quite extraordinary properties of this dialect: not only does it mark—unusually for Indo-European—gender/number agreement on finite verbs, but also on several other agreement targets, including non-finite verb forms, complementizers, wh-words, and even nouns, which in certain syntactic constructions cumulate the usual inherent gender specification with highly unusual contextual gender marking, determined via agreement with the clause subject.
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Romito, Janice, and S. Niccole Alexander. Guidelines for Air & Ground Transport of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients Manual. Edited by Robert M. Insoft and Hamilton P. Schwartz. 4th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109795.
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Completely revised and updated, the new 4th edition includes must-have information and guidelines for health care professionals and hospital systems interested in developing transport systems and improving the transport care they deliver. Authored by leading experts in transport medicine, the editorial team is devoted to ensuring that appropriate evidence-based conclusions and recommendations are included, when available, for the clinical and administrative subjects presented. The 4th edition covers all aspects of air and ground transport - from team organization and training to equipment selection, quality improvement, safety, ethics and much more. Content highlights: All chapters thoroughly reviewed and updated by the leading authorities in transport medicine New chapter on telemedicine covering equipment and teleconferencing, telemedicine in other clinical settings, regulations and reimbursement, and more Expanded sections on driving performance improvement, risk management, and bioethics Updated Web resources Handy tools include sample position descriptions, sample transport medicine transfer agreement, policies and procedures, and more
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Mashhoon, Bahram. Acceleration Kernel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0003.
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The phenomenon of spin-rotation coupling provides the key to the determination of the kernel. Imagine an observer rotating in the positive sense about the direction of propagation of an incident plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave of positive helicity. Using the locality postulate, the field as measured by the rotating observer can be determined. If the observer rotates with the same frequency as the wave, the measured radiation field loses its temporal dependence. By a mere rotation, observers could in principle stay at rest with respect to an incident positive-helicity wave. To avoid this possibility, we assume that a basic radiation field cannot stand completely still with respect to an accelerated observer. This basic principle eventually leads to the determination of the kernel and a nonlocal theory of accelerated systems that is in better agreement with quantum mechanics than the standard theory based on the hypothesis of locality.
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Beck, Robert J. International Law and International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.406.
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International Law (IL) is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations (IR). International law differs from state-based legal systems in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens. National law may become international law when treaties delegate national jurisdiction to supranational tribunals such as the European Court of Human Rights or the International Criminal Court. The immense body that makes up international law encompasses a piecemeal collection of international customs; agreements; treaties; accords, charters, legal precedents of the International Court of Justice (aka World Court); and more. Without a unique governing, enforcing entity, international law is a largely voluntary endeavor, wherein the power of enforcement only exists when the parties consent to adhere to and abide by an agreement. This is where IR come about; it attempts to explain behavior that occurs across the boundaries of states, the broader relationships of which such behavior is a part, and the institutions (private, state, nongovernmental, and intergovernmental) that oversee those interactions. Explanations can also be found in the relationships between and among the participants, in the intergovernmental arrangements among states, in the activities of multinational corporations, or in the distribution of power and control in the world as a single system.
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Bion, Julian, and Anna Dennis. ICU admission and discharge criteria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0020.
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The decision to admit patients to intensive care or discharge them, is a daily task for intensivists, a life-changing event for patients and families, and a major strategic issue for health care systems worldwide. Decisions must often be made rapidly, in conditions of uncertainty, involving substituted judgements about relative risks and benefits, framed by sociocultural factors that are not well characterized. The outcomes are strongly influenced by available resources, staffing, and skills throughout the patient pathway. The decision to admit should be based on the severity of illness, chronic health and physiological reserve, and therapeutic susceptibility, informed by the patient’s wishes. Discharge decisions are equally complex and involve balancing the needs of individual patients against those of society. Scoring systems and guidelines can aid decision making. The process involves collaboration between intensivist, referring team, patient, and family. The provision of futile care is usually driven by family expectations and lack of agreement among the treating team. Discussions involve value judgements. Effective admission and discharge processes will minimize avoidable morbidity, mortality, and readmissions, and maximize family and patient satisfaction, and cost-efficacy. However, reaching the most effective level of practice involves balances and compromises. Experienced clinical judgement remains a key element in defining suitability of individual patients for ICU admission and discharge.
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Brandsma, Gijs Jan, and Jens Blom-Hansen. Institutional Preferences on the Post-Lisbon Control Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767909.003.0005.
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This chapter seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the conflicts in the post-Lisbon politics of delegation in the EU. What is at stake? What are the preferences of the actors? How do they pursue them? The inter-institutional conflicts in the post-Lisbon period have so far occurred in four distinct arenas: (1) alignment of pre-Lisbon legislation to the delegated acts system; (2) legislative decision-making that includes delegation to the Commission; (3) cases before the European Court of Justice where aspects of delegation to the Commission have been challenged; and (4) new negotiations on the 2011 inter-institutional agreement on the delegated acts regime, the so-called Common Understanding. This chapter presents a case-based in-depth analysis of these arenas based on qualitative methods.
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Koh, Harold Hongju. Introduction: Trumping International Law? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912185.003.0001.
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How to resist President Donald Trump’s assault on international law? This introduction sketches the tripartite plan of this book. First, it discusses a counterstrategy of resistance based on transnational legal process. Second, it illustrates that counterstrategy with respect to immigration and refugees, and human rights; the Paris Climate Change Agreement, the Iran Nuclear Deal, and trade diplomacy; with countries of concern such as North Korea, Russia, and Ukraine; and with respect to America’s wars: Al Qaeda, Islamic State, Afghanistan, and Syria. Third, it reviews what broader issues are at stake in the looming battle between maintaining the post-World War II framework of Kantian global governance versus shifting to an Orwellian system of authoritarian spheres of influence.
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Framework for Monitoring HIV/STI Services for Key Populations in Latin America and the Caribbean. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121054.
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In Latin America and the Caribbean, between 50% and 65% of new HIV infections occur in key populations or their clients or sexual partners. Improving the availability and coverage of HIV/STI services for these populations requires the support of monitoring systems that are sustainable and adapt to the needs of the countries of the region. To respond to this need, the Pan American Health Organization, through an agreement with the Global Fund, has developed the Framework for Monitoring HIV/STI Services for Key Populations in Latin America and the Caribbean. It introduces a novel system in which the impact of HIV services on key populations is determined, not only by how HIV-positive people maintain an undetectable viral load but also by how HIV-negative people remain HIV-free. This document lists the essential HIV/STI services that, based on a combination prevention approach, should be offered to people from key populations. The monitoring framework establishes one or more indicators for each of the essential services together with the methodology for their measure. Likewise, a new HIV prevention cascade is introduced, which adds to the existing HIV care cascade. Countries are encouraged to disaggregate by key population group the HIV prevention and care cascades as well as the indicators. Finally, it is urgent to show the contribution of civil society organizations to the response to HIV infection and STIs to ensure their sustainability once external donors leave the region. To this end, the framework encourages breaking down the prevention and care cascades information by the service provider, to identify the contribution of health ministries, civil society organizations, and other actors.
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Cameron, James. Collapse of the Consensus and the Struggle for Coherence, 1969–1970. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459925.003.0005.
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This chapter shows how Richard Nixon and his national security advisor, Henry Kissinger, were forced to change their strategy for nuclear arms control based on the collapse of the US congressional consensus behind nuclear superiority. Nixon entered office with strong convictions on the importance of nuclear superiority for supporting the United States’ national security commitments. Nixon also saw US technological advantages in ballistic missile defenses as one of the main bargaining chips to cap the growth of Soviet offensive forces at the upcoming Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. This strategy for détente was thrown into disarray, however, when Congress signaled its lack of support for a new ballistic missile defense system and the strategy of nuclear superiority. Nixon and Kissinger then changed tack, attempting to conclude a quick arms limitation agreement through backchannel negotiations with Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin. This initiative failed, weakening the American hand at the formal talks.
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Octavia, Camps, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Detection of obstacles in monocular image sequences: Final technical report for NASA co-operative research agreement number NCC 2-916, "A vision-based obstacle detection system for aircraft navigation," period of grant--August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1997. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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Detection of obstacles in monocular image sequences: Final technical report for NASA co-operative research agreement number NCC 2-916, "A vision-based obstacle detection system for aircraft navigation," period of grant--August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1997. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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Téllez, Michelle. Transfronteriza. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0013.
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This chapter examines how women border dwellers are responding to transnational processes and the effects of neoliberal policies, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), by focusing on woman-centered activism projects as well as innovative forms of political organizing and community formation at the U.S./Mexico border. Building on the idea of transfronterismo, or transborderness, the chapter suggests that the actual border should be seen not just as a site of passage but also as a site for gendered transformation where a politicized transfronteriza identity can emerge. It looks specifically at the transborder space of the twin cities of Tijuana and San Diego and the work of the La Colectiva Feminista Binacional (Binational Feminist Collective, CFB). It probes the lives and experiences of the men and women of the maquiladora industry and shows that the construction of a politicized transfronteriza identity is determined by three factors: a shared geographical space, a collective consciousness based on mutual experiences and solidarity, and a feminist politics that looks at women's rights as fundamental to challenging the system.
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Octavia, Camps, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Detection of obstacles on runway using Ego-Motion compensation and tracking of significant features: An interim technical report for NASA Ames cooperation agreement no. NCC2-916 "a vision-based obstacle detection system for aircraft navigation" period of the grant, August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1997. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.
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Ziccardi Capaldo, Giuliana, ed. THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE 2016. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190848194.001.0001.
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The 2016 edition updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative resource for research and guidance on the jurisprudence of UN-based tribunals and regional courts. The 2016 edition continues to provide expert coverage of the EU Court of Justice and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO Dispute Resolution panel, to human rights courts such as ECtHR and IACtHR. This edition contains original research articles on the development and analysis of the concept of global law and the views of the global law theorists, such as the Editorial focusing on a new remedy for the violation of the jus cogens principle concerning the imprescriptibility of torture. This edition also includes expert introductory essays by prominent scholars in the realm of international law, on topics as diverse and current as the role of the WTO’s Appellate Body in interpreting the TRIPS Agreement and an examination of the EU Court of Justice data protection framework in light of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Researchers will find detailed guidance on a rich diversity of legal topics, from an examination of the processes under which transnational criminal law norms have been adopted and the process under which these norms have been globally implemented, to the impact post-conviction DNA testing has had on the criminal justice system in the United States. This edition also provides students, scholars, and practitioners a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals and a section focusing on the thought of leading international law scholars on the subject of the globalization.
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Rose, Cramer Sacha. Vaccine Nationalism in the age of COVID-19. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.413.
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It is no secret that the world has a COVID-19 vaccine problem. The majority of vaccination doses have been administered in Europe and North America, whilst many poorer counties have vaccinated less than 1% of their entire population. In light of the new variants presenting health risks, countries such as South Africa and India have proposed that the World Trade Organisation temporarily waive intellectual property rights for COVID-19 vaccines to help increase the production of vaccines. The world’s economic powerhouses such as U.S., Britain and the European Union vetoed the idea, submitting that intellectual property rights are important for ensuring continued innovation. They are of the opinion that waiving such rights would not result in increased production. The question therefore stands if these are only two options: either patents remain unchanged, or patents are disregarded. An alternative, and perhaps a middle ground is that of compulsory licensing. Although a seemingly good option, it presents its own problems. For instance, patents are territorial and grant the patent holder a monopoly for a limited time of 20 years. However, based on public needs – including health emergencies, a government can allow others to make the product, usually with a fair royalty, or fee, paid to the patent owner. However, this ends at the border. Article 31 of the WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Law, or TRIPS, limit compulsory licenses primarily to domestic production and use. This is also limited to companies within the territory, producing products primarily for export. This of course would make the whole point of such compulsory licenses redundant, since the countries producing such vaccines are not the countries that do not have access to them. The other problem with the COVID-19 vaccine is that the technologies used in producing such vaccines are complex and involve numerous patents, trade secrets and know-how. A compulsory licensing system would need to address not just patents but also the related intellectual property in question. To successfully expand vaccine production, countries need a moderately smooth structure to allow a country such as India, to grant a single, blanket license allowing companies to produce vaccines develop by the U.S. or European companies for export to all countries that lack their own manufacturing capacity. The proposed WTO waiver of intellectual property rights seeks to address the need of improved vaccine production, but it may be little too far stressed. Compulsory licensing would smooth the way for the expansion of vaccine manufacturing whilst at the same time still compensating the right holders.