Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agreement-Based Systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Agreement-Based Systems'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Agreement-Based Systems"

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Fan, Chun-I., Yi-Hui Lin, Tuan-Hung Hsu, and Ruei-Hau Hsu. "Interdomain Identity-Based Key Agreement Schemes." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/865367.

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In order to simplify key management, two-party and three-party key agreement schemes based on user identities have been proposed recently. Multiparty (including more than three parties) key agreement protocols, which also are called conference key schemes, can be applied to distributed systems and wireless environments, such as ad hoc networks, for the purpose of multiparty secure communication. However, it is hard to extend two- or three-party schemes to multiparty ones with the guarantee of efficiency and security. In addition to the above two properties, interdomain environments should also be considered in key agreement systems due to diversified network domains. However, only few identity-based multiparty conference key agreement schemes for single domain environments and none for interdomain environments were proposed in the literature and they did not satisfy all of the security attributes such as forward secrecy and withstanding impersonation. In this paper, we will propose a novel efficient single domain identity-based multiparty conference key scheme and extend it to an interdomain one. Finally, we prove that the proposed schemes satisfy the required security attributes via formal methods.
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Wang, Long, FangCui Jiang, GuangMing Xie, and ZhiJian Ji. "Controllability of multi-agent systems based on agreement protocols." Science in China Series F: Information Sciences 52, no. 11 (November 2009): 2074–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-009-0185-7.

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Jaber, Nouraldin, Christopher Wagner, Swen Jacobs, Milind Kulkarni, and Roopsha Samanta. "QuickSilver: modeling and parameterized verification for distributed agreement-based systems." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, OOPSLA (October 20, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485534.

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The last decade has sparked several valiant efforts in deductive verification of distributed agreement protocols such as consensus and leader election. Oddly, there have been far fewer verification efforts that go beyond the core protocols and target applications that are built on top of agreement protocols. This is unfortunate, as agreement-based distributed services such as data stores, locks, and ledgers are ubiquitous and potentially permit modular, scalable verification approaches that mimic their modular design. We address this need for verification of distributed agreement-based systems through our novel modeling and verification framework, QuickSilver, that is not only modular, but also fully automated. The key enabling feature of QuickSilver is our encoding of abstractions of verified agreement protocols that facilitates modular, decidable, and scalable automated verification. We demonstrate the potential of QuickSilver by modeling and efficiently verifying a series of tricky case studies, adapted from real-world applications, such as a data store, a lock service, a surveillance system, a pathfinding algorithm for mobile robots, and more.
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Yadav, Pritaj, Sitesh Kumar Sinha, and S. Veenadhari. "Smart Card Based Password Authenticated Key Agreement in Distributed Systems." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i6.99104.

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Calle-Alonso, F., and C. J. Pérez. "A Statistical Agreement-Based Approach for Difference Testing." Journal of Sensory Studies 28, no. 5 (October 2013): 358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joss.12061.

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Chen, Qingnan, Ting Wu, Chengnan Hu, Anbang Chen, and Qiuhua Zheng. "An Identity-Based Cross-Domain Authenticated Asymmetric Group Key Agreement." Information 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12030112.

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Cross-domain authenticated asymmetric group key agreement allows group members in different domains to establish a secure group communication channel and the senders can be anyone. However, the existing schemes do not meet the requirement of batch verification in the group key negotiation phase, which makes the schemes have low efficiency. To address this problem, an identity-based cross-domain authenticated asymmetric group key agreement is proposed that supports batch verification. The performance analysis shows that this protocol is highly efficient. Finally, the proposed protocol is proved to be secure under the k-Bilinear Diffie–Hellman Exponent assumption.
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Benila, S., and N. Usha Bhanu. "Service Level Agreement Based Secured Data Analytics Framework for Healthcare Systems." Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 32, no. 2 (2022): 1277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2022.021920.

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Ponciano, Lesandro, and Francisco Brasileiro. "Agreement-based credibility assessment and task replication in human computation systems." Future Generation Computer Systems 87 (October 2018): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.05.028.

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Rios, Erkuden, Eider Iturbe, Xabier Larrucea, Massimiliano Rak, Wissam Mallouli, Jacek Dominiak, Victor Muntés, Peter Matthews, and Luis Gonzalez. "Service level agreement‐based GDPR compliance and security assurance in(multi)Cloud‐based systems." IET Software 13, no. 3 (June 2019): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen.2018.5293.

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Grzech, Adam, Piotr Rygielski, and Paweł Świątek. "TRANSLATIONS OF SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT IN SYSTEMS BASED ON SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURES." Cybernetics and Systems 41, no. 8 (November 30, 2010): 610–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2010.520225.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agreement-Based Systems"

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Fujdiak, Radek. "Analýza a optimalizace datové komunikace pro telemetrické systémy v energetice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358408.

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Telemetry system, Optimisation, Sensoric networks, Smart Grid, Internet of Things, Sensors, Information security, Cryptography, Cryptography algorithms, Cryptosystem, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, Data freshness, Non-Repudiation.
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Sethi, Vibha. "An elliptic curve cryptography based key agreement protocol for wireless network security /." 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203588311&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=10361&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Halliday, Scott Michael. "Putting PBGA into perspective: the implementation of 7 novel performance-based grant agreement contracts in Nepal's health sector." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14392.

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INTRODUCTION: Performance–Based Grant Agreements are increasingly being used in Nepal in the healthcare sector, especially at public-private partnership hospitals. As interest in these agreements grows, it is essential to understand the process of implementation so that Nepali healthcare policy–makers can make better informed decisions about how they impact the public health situation of Nepal. This project studied the process of implementing Performance–Based Grant Agreements using qualitative research methods to interview key informants about their opinions, perceptions, and experiences associated with these agreements. METHODS: Semi–structured interviews with open–ended questions were conducted with key informants who have direct knowledge and experience about the design, implementation, and impact of the Performance–Based Grant Agreements. The key informants included healthcare administrators and healthcare workers at the various implementing hospitals, Government of Nepal officials, and members of various External Development Partners; these participants were chosen using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods in an attempt to triangulate responses and to generate a diversity of opinions, and perspectives. Participants were asked about their experiences with the Performance–Based Grant Agreements and interviews focused on associated challenges, opportunities, learned experiences, and both expected and unexpected consequences. Data analysis was overlapping with data collection and concentrated on identifying recurrent themes and ideas from transcribed interviews. These themes and ideas along with illustrative quotes guided discussion and results. RESULTS: A total of 16 interviews, ranging from 12 minutes to 75 minutes in length, were conducted with different hospital administrators, Government of Nepal officials, and members of different External Development Partners about the Performance–Based Grant Agreements. Participants had widely varying experiences about the process of implementing these agreements, which yielded a diversity of responses. DISCUSSION: There was an awareness gradient among the participants about the agreements as some participants had barely heard of the contracts while others had detailed knowledge of how their institution was implementing them. The process of implementation for participants and their institutions included grappling with the concept of conditionally tying funding to performance, figuring out how to do monitoring and evaluation, understanding the barriers to implementation, and using new technology and practices to meet the demands of the agreements. Despite the varying experiences associated with implementation or a lack thereof, participants were unanimous in their support for the adoption of these agreements and hopeful that these agreements can enhance partnership while improving the delivery of health services in Nepal.
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Kogeda, Okuthe Paul. "Modeling of Reliable Service Based Operations Support Systems (MORSBOSS)." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4844_1262744568.

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The underlying theme of this thesis is identification, classification, detection and prediction of cellular network faults using state of the art technologies, methods and algorithms.

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Books on the topic "Agreement-Based Systems"

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Great Britain: Foreign and Commonwealth Office Staff. Agreement on the promotion, provision and use of Galileo and GPS satellite-based navigation systems and related Applications: Dromoland Castle, Co. Clare, 26 June 2004. Stationery Office, The, 2008.

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Office, Stationery, and Great Britain: Foreign and Commonwealth Office Staff. Agreement on the Promotion, Provision and Use of Galileo and GPS Satellite-Based Navigation Systems and Related Applications: Dromoland Castle, Co. Clare, Ireland, 26 June 2004. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2013.

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Grunert, Marcel, Andreas Perrot, and Silke Rickert-Sperling. Complex network interactions: cardiovascular systems biology. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0033.

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A large quantity of molecular information on heart development, function, and disease has been generated over recent decades. However, most recent studies have been dominated by reductionistic approaches, and thus many aspects remain unclear, particularly regarding the primary causes of complex cardiovascular diseases such as congenital heart malformations. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, systems-based approaches have developed rapidly in biology and medicine. In the biology of cardiovascular systems complex data within or across different molecular levels of biological systems or pathways can be integrated and combined to identify the causes underlying cardiac diseases, which might not be possible otherwise. This is in agreement with data suggesting that biological molecules in individual regulatory layers, such as transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, act within networksrather than independently of each other. Thus systems biology provides a promising approach to fully addressing the complexities of congenital heart disease.
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Cairney, Paul. The Politics of Evidence-Based Policy Making. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.268.

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“Evidence-based policy making” (EBPM) has become a popular term to describe the need for more scientific and less ideological policy making. Some compare it to “evidence-based medicine,” which describes moves to produce evidence, using commonly-held scientific principles regarding a hierarchy of evidence, which can directly inform practice. Policy making is different: there is less agreement on what counts as good evidence, and more things to consider when responding to evidence.Our awareness of these differences between science and policy are not new. Current debates resemble a postwar policy science agenda, to produce more scientific and “rational” policy analysis, which faced major empirical and normative obstacles: the world is not that simple, and an overly technocratic approach to policy undermines much-needed political debate. To understand modern discussions of EBPM, key insights from previous discussions must be considered: policy making is both “rational” and “irrational”; it takes place in complex policy environments or systems, whose properties should be understood in some depth; and it can and should not be driven by “the evidence” alone.
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Ye, Liu, Jose Porro, and Ingmar Nopens, eds. Quantification and Modelling of Fugitive Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Water Systems. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789060461.

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Abstract With increased commitment from the international community to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all sectors in accordance with the Paris Agreement, the water sector has never felt the pressure it is now under to transition to a low-carbon water management model. This requires reducing GHG emissions from grid-energy consumption (Scope 2 emissions), which is straightforward; however, it also requires reducing Scope 1 emissions, which include nitrous oxide and methane emissions, predominantly from wastewater handling and treatment. The pathways and factors leading to biological nitrous oxide and methane formation and emissions from wastewater are highly complex and site-specific. Good emission factors for estimating the Scope 1 emissions are lacking, water utilities have little experience in directly measuring these emissions, and the mathematical modelling of these emissions is challenging. Therefore, this book aims to help the water sector address the Scope 1 emissions by breaking down their pathways and influencing factors, and providing guidance on both the use of emission factors, and performing direct measurements of nitrous oxide and methane emissions from sewers and wastewater treatment plants. The book also dives into the mathematical modelling for predicting these emissions and provides guidance on the use of different mathematical models based upon your conditions, as well as an introduction to alternative modelling methods, including metabolic, data-driven, and AI methods. Finally, the book includes guidance on using the modelling tools for assessing different operating strategies and identifying promising mitigation actions. A must-have book for anyone needing to understand, account for, and reduce water utility Scope 1 emissions. ISBN: 9781789060454 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789060461 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789060478 (ePub)
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Kaufman, Daniel. Lexical Category and Alignment in Austronesian. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.24.

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Philippine-type languages are often cited as exemplifying a cross-linguistically unique voice system, in which verb morphology can select not only an agent or patient, but also locative, instrumental and other adjunct type relations as the nominative argument. In this paper, we examine three approaches to this typologically remarkable system: the ergative analysis, the case agreement analysis and the nominalization analysis, arguing for the latter based on strong parallels between verbal and nominal predication from the root level to the clause level. The morphologically symmetric nature of Philippine-type languages is argued to stem from their nominal roots. The historical development of verbal roots leads to a more fixed argument structure in which canonical ergative languages develop. Mamuju, an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia, is offered as an example of a classically ergative language, in contrast to Philippine-type systems.
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Taubman, Antony, and Jayashree Watal, eds. Trade in Knowledge. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108780919.

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Technological change has transformed the ways knowledge is developed and shared internationally. Accordingly, in the quarter-century since the WTO was established, and since its Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights came into force, both the knowledge dimension of trade and the functioning of the IP system have been radically transformed. The need to understand and respond to this change has placed knowledge at the centre of policy debates about economic and social development. Recognizing the need for modern analytical tools to support policymakers and analysts, this publication draws together contributions from a diverse range of scholars and analysts. Together, they offer a fresh understanding of what it means to trade in knowledge in today's technological and commercial environment. The publication offers insights into the prospects for knowledge-based development and ideas for updated systems of governance that promote the creation and sharing of the benefits of knowledge.
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Paciaroni, Tania, and Michele Loporcaro. Overt gender marking depending on syntactic context in Ripano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795438.003.0007.

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Based on dedicated fieldwork, this chapter analyses the gender system of Ripano (Italo-Romance), showing that it displays overt gender marking, but only depending on syntactic context. While overt gender per se and the syntactic dependency of gender marking via agreement on targets have both been described for several languages, the Ripano system is unprecedented, and deserves thorough description: thus, the chapter presents the phonological, morphological, and morphosyntactic prerequisites as well as the syntactic conditions which constrain overt gender marking. It places this peculiarity of Ripano in perspective, describing the many other quite extraordinary properties of this dialect: not only does it mark—unusually for Indo-European—gender/number agreement on finite verbs, but also on several other agreement targets, including non-finite verb forms, complementizers, wh-words, and even nouns, which in certain syntactic constructions cumulate the usual inherent gender specification with highly unusual contextual gender marking, determined via agreement with the clause subject.
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Romito, Janice, and S. Niccole Alexander. Guidelines for Air & Ground Transport of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients Manual. Edited by Robert M. Insoft and Hamilton P. Schwartz. 4th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109795.

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Completely revised and updated, the new 4th edition includes must-have information and guidelines for health care professionals and hospital systems interested in developing transport systems and improving the transport care they deliver. Authored by leading experts in transport medicine, the editorial team is devoted to ensuring that appropriate evidence-based conclusions and recommendations are included, when available, for the clinical and administrative subjects presented. The 4th edition covers all aspects of air and ground transport - from team organization and training to equipment selection, quality improvement, safety, ethics and much more. Content highlights: All chapters thoroughly reviewed and updated by the leading authorities in transport medicine New chapter on telemedicine covering equipment and teleconferencing, telemedicine in other clinical settings, regulations and reimbursement, and more Expanded sections on driving performance improvement, risk management, and bioethics Updated Web resources Handy tools include sample position descriptions, sample transport medicine transfer agreement, policies and procedures, and more
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Mashhoon, Bahram. Acceleration Kernel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0003.

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The phenomenon of spin-rotation coupling provides the key to the determination of the kernel. Imagine an observer rotating in the positive sense about the direction of propagation of an incident plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave of positive helicity. Using the locality postulate, the field as measured by the rotating observer can be determined. If the observer rotates with the same frequency as the wave, the measured radiation field loses its temporal dependence. By a mere rotation, observers could in principle stay at rest with respect to an incident positive-helicity wave. To avoid this possibility, we assume that a basic radiation field cannot stand completely still with respect to an accelerated observer. This basic principle eventually leads to the determination of the kernel and a nonlocal theory of accelerated systems that is in better agreement with quantum mechanics than the standard theory based on the hypothesis of locality.
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Book chapters on the topic "Agreement-Based Systems"

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Mishra, Dheerendra, and Sourav Mukhopadhyay. "Cryptanalysis of Pairing-Free Identity-Based Authenticated Key Agreement Protocols." In Information Systems Security, 247–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45204-8_19.

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Abdelatey, Amira, Mohamed Elkawkagy, Ashraf El-Sisi, and Arabi Keshk. "A Multilateral Agent-Based Service Level Agreement Negotiation Framework." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 576–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48308-5_55.

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Chiang, Wei-Kuo, and Ping-Chun Lin. "Certificate-Based IP Multimedia Subsystem Authentication and Key Agreement." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 177–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32467-8_17.

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Tutueanu, Radu-Ioan, Florin Pop, Mihaela-Andreea Vasile, and Valentin Cristea. "Scheduling Algorithm Based on Agreement Protocol for Cloud Systems." In Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 94–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03889-6_11.

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Xiao, Ke, Ziye Geng, Yunhua He, Gang Xu, Chao Wang, and Wei Cheng. "A Blockchain Based Privacy-Preserving Cloud Service Level Agreement Auditing Scheme." In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, 542–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59016-1_45.

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Galati, Adriano, Karim Djemame, Martyn Fletcher, Mark Jessop, Michael Weeks, and John McAvoy. "A WS-Agreement Based SLA Implementation for the CMAC Platform." In Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services, 159–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14609-6_11.

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Gül, Esma, and Veysel Gazi. "Adaptive Internal Model-Based Distributed Output Agreement in a Class of Multi-Agent Dynamic Systems." In Complex Systems, 451–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28860-4_21.

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Verma, Reshu, and Abhimanyu Kumar. "Design of Attribute Based Authenticated Group Key Agreement Protocol Without Pairing." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 95–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39875-0_10.

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Verma, Reshu, and Abhimanyu Kumar. "A Pairing Free Attribute-Based Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol Using ECC." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 105–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39875-0_11.

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Diering, Magdalena, Krzysztof Dyczkowski, and Adam Hamrol. "New Method for Assessment of Raters Agreement Based on Fuzzy Similarity." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 415–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19719-7_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agreement-Based Systems"

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"DYNAMIC SLA NEGOTIATION BASED ON WS-AGREEMENT." In 4th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001525500380045.

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Bala, Dania Qara, and Bhaskaran Raman. "PHY-Based Key Agreement Scheme using Audio Networking." In 2020 International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets48256.2020.9027340.

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Aikebaier, Ailixier, Tomoya Enokido, and Makoto Takizawa. "Consistency Based Approach for Agreement Achievement among Peers." In 2009 International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems (NBIS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nbis.2009.84.

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"Implementing Identity-based Key Agreement in Embedded Devices." In 5th International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005242901170123.

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Parakh, Abhishek, and Subhash Kak. "Matrix based key agreement algorithms for sensor networks." In 2011 IEEE 5th International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunication Systems (ANTS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ants.2011.6163684.

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Linlin Wu, Saurabh Kumar Garg, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Service Level Agreement(SLA) Based SaaS Cloud Management System." In 2015 IEEE 21st International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2015.62.

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Alqarni, Ali, Abdennour El Rhalibi, and Yuanyuan Shen. "Game-Theoretic Based Service Level Agreement for Cloud Computing." In 2018 6th International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmcs.2018.8525946.

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Fu, Xiaotong, Shufang Guo, and Ruijun Shi. "An Efficient Tripartite Identity-Based Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol." In 2013 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/incos.2013.162.

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Dogic, Ervin, and Novica Nosovic. "Service level agreement (SLA) in a cloud based information systems." In 2014 22nd Telecommunications Forum Telfor (TELFOR). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telfor.2014.7034557.

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Nastou, Panayotis E., Paul Spirakis, Yiannis Stamatiou, and Christina Vichou. "Agent agreement protocols based on golay error-correcting code." In 2013 Fourth International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iisa.2013.6623689.

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Reports on the topic "Agreement-Based Systems"

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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.

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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.
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Willits, Daniel H., Meir Teitel, Josef Tanny, Mary M. Peet, Shabtai Cohen, and Eli Matan. Comparing the performance of naturally ventilated and fan-ventilated greenhouses. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586542.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to predict the performance of naturally and fan-ventilated greenhouses as a function of climate, type of crop, evaporative cooling and greenhouse size, and to estimate the effects of the two cooling systems on yield, quality and disease development in the different crops under study. Background In the competitive field of greenhouse cultivation, growers and designers in both the US and Israel are repeatedly forced to choose between naturally ventilated (NV) and fan ventilated (FV) cooling systems as they expand their ranges in an effort to remain profitable. The known advantages and disadvantages of each system do not presently allow a clear decision. Whether essentially zero operating costs can offset the less dependable cooling of natural ventilation systems is question this report hopes to answer. Major Conclusions US It was concluded very early on that FV greenhouses without evaporative pad cooling are not competitive with NV greenhouses during hot weather. During the first year, the US team found that average air temperatures were always higher in the FV houses, compared to the NV houses, when evaporative pad cooling was not used, regardless of ventilation rate in the FV houses or the vent configuration in the NV houses. Canopy temperatures were also higher in the FV ventilated houses when three vents were used in the NV houses. A second major conclusion was that the US team found that low pressure fogging (4 atm) in NV houses does not completely offset the advantage of evaporative pad cooling in FV houses. High pressure fog (65 atm) is more effective, but considerably more expensive. Israel Experiments were done with roses in the years 2003-2005 and with tomatoes in 2005. Three modes of natural ventilation (roof, side and side + roof openings) were compared with a fan-ventilated (with evaporative cooling) house. It was shown that under common practice of fan ventilation, during summer, the ventilation rate is usually lower with NV than with FV. The microclimate under both NV and FV was not homogeneous. In both treatments there were strong gradients in temperature and humidity in the vertical direction. In addition, there were gradients that developed in horizontal planes in a direction parallel to the direction of the prevailing air velocity within the greenhouse. The gradients in the horizontal direction appear to be larger with FV than with NV. The ratio between sensible and latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio) was found to be dependent considerably on whether NV or FV is applied. This ratio was generally negative in the naturally ventilated house (about -0.14) and positive in the fan ventilated one (about 0.19). Theoretical models based on Penman-Monteith equation were used to predict the interior air and crop temperatures and the transpiration rate with NV. Good agreement between the model and experimental results was obtained with regard to the air temperature and transpiration with side and side + roof ventilation. However, the agreement was poor with only roof ventilation. The yield (number of rose stems longer than 40 cm) was higher with FV
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Rusk, Todd, Ryan Siegel, Linda Larsen, Tim Lindsey, and Brian Deal. Technical and Financial Feasibility Study for Installation of Solar Panels at IDOT-owned Facilities. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-024.

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The Smart Energy Design Assistance Center assessed the administrative, technical, and economic aspects of feasibility related to the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar systems on IDOT-owned buildings and lands. To address administrative feasibility, we explored three main ways in which IDOT could procure solar projects: power purchase agreement (PPA), direct purchase, and land lease development. Of the three methods, PPA and direct purchase are most applicable for IDOT. While solar development is not free of obstacles for IDOT, it is administratively feasible, and regulatory hurdles can be adequately met given suitable planning and implementation. To evaluate IDOT assets for solar feasibility, more than 1,000 IDOT sites were screened and narrowed using spatial analytic tools. A stakeholder feedback process was used to select five case study sites that allowed for a range of solar development types, from large utility-scale projects to small rooftop systems. To evaluate financial feasibility, discussions with developers and datapoints from the literature were used to create financial models. A large solar project request by IDOT can be expected to generate considerable attention from developers and potentially attractive PPA pricing that would generate immediate cash flow savings for IDOT. Procurement partnerships with other state agencies will create opportunities for even larger projects with better pricing. However, in the near term, it may be difficult for IDOT to identify small rooftop or other small on-site solar projects that are financially feasible. This project identified two especially promising solar sites so that IDOT can evaluate other solar site development opportunities in the future. This project also developed a web-based decision-support tool so IDOT can identify potential sites and develop preliminary indications of feasibility. We recommend that IDOT begin the process of developing at least one of their large sites to support solar electric power generation.
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Glasscott, Matthew, Johanna Jernberg, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Toward the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43826.

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Analytical methods to rapidly detect explosive compounds with high precision are paramount for applications ranging from national security to environmental remediation. This report demonstrates two proof-of-concept electroanalytical methods for the quantification of 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). For the first time, DNAN reduction was analyzed and compared at a bare graphitic carbon electrode, a polyaniline-modified (PANI) electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode utilizing PANI to explore the effect of surface-area and preconcentration affinity on the analytical response. Since some explosive compounds such as PETN are not appreciably soluble in water (<10 μg/L), necessitating a different solvent system to permit direct detection via electrochemical reduction. A 1,2-dichloroethane system was explored as a possibility by generating a liquid-liquid extraction-based sensor exploiting the immiscibility of 1,2-dichloroethane and water. The reduction process was explored using a scan rate analysis to extract a diffusion coefficient of 6.67 x 10⁻⁶ cm/s, in agreement with literature values for similarly structured nitrate esters. Once further refined, these techniques may be extended to other explosives and combined with portable electrochemical hardware to bring real-time chemical information to soldiers and citizens alike.
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5

Ansari, S. M., E. M. Schetselaar, and J. A. Craven. Three-dimensional magnetotelluric modelling of the Lalor volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328003.

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Unconstrained magnetotelluric inversion commonly produces insufficient inherent resolution to image ore-system fluid pathways that were structurally thinned during post-emplacement tectonic activity. To improve the resolution in these complex environments, we synthesized the 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) response for geologically realistic models using a finite-element-based forward-modelling tool with unstructured meshes and applied it to the Lalor volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit in the Snow Lake mining camp, Manitoba. This new tool is based on mapping interpolated or simulated resistivity values from wireline logs onto unstructured tetrahedral meshes to reflect, with the help of 3-D models obtained from lithostratigraphic and lithofacies drillhole logs, the complexity of the host-rock geological structure. The resulting stochastic model provides a more realistic representation of the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the electric resistivity values around the massive, stringer, and disseminated sulfide ore zones. Both models were combined into one seamless tetrahedral mesh of the resistivity field. To capture the complex resistivity distribution in the geophysical forward model, a finite-element code was developed. Comparative analyses of the forward models with MT data acquired at the Earth's surface show a reasonable agreement that explains the regional variations associated with the host rock geological structure and detects the local anomalies associated with the MT response of the ore zones.
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6

Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Derbentsev, V., A. Ganchuk, and Володимир Миколайович Соловйов. Cross correlations and multifractal properties of Ukraine stock market. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1117.

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Recently the statistical characterizations of financial markets based on physics concepts and methods attract considerable attentions. The correlation matrix formalism and concept of multifractality are used to study temporal aspects of the Ukraine Stock Market evolution. Random matrix theory (RMT) is carried out using daily returns of 431 stocks extracted from database time series of prices the First Stock Trade System index (www.kinto.com) for the ten-year period 1997-2006. We find that a majority of the eigenvalues of C fall within the RMT bounds for the eigenvalues of random correlation matrices. We test the eigenvalues of C within the RMT bound for universal properties of random matrices and find good agreement with the results for the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices—implying a large degree of randomness in the measured cross-correlation coefficients. Further, we find that the distribution of eigenvector components for the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues outside the RMT bound display systematic deviations from the RMT prediction. We analyze the components of the deviating eigenvectors and find that the largest eigenvalue corresponds to an influence common to all stocks. Our analysis of the remaining deviating eigenvectors shows distinct groups, whose identities correspond to conventionally identified business sectors. Comparison with the Mantegna minimum spanning trees method gives a satisfactory consent. The found out the pseudoeffects related to the artificial unchanging areas of price series come into question We used two possible procedures of analyzing multifractal properties of a time series. The first one uses the continuous wavelet transform and extracts scaling exponents from the wavelet transform amplitudes over all scales. The second method is the multifractal version of the detrended fluctuation analysis method (MF-DFA). The multifractality of a time series we analysed by means of the difference of values singularity stregth (or Holder exponent) ®max and ®min as a suitable way to characterise multifractality. Singularity spectrum calculated from daily returns using a sliding 250 day time window in discrete steps of 1. . . 10 days. We discovered that changes in the multifractal spectrum display distinctive pattern around significant “drawdowns”. Finally, we discuss applications to the construction of crushes precursors at the financial markets.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC SYNCHRONOUS LIFTING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LONG-SPAN HYBRID STEEL STRUCTURES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.070.

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The aim of this study was to solve technical problems, such as uneven structures, multiple lifting points, high accuracy control requirements, and multi-disciplinary collaborative work, in the process of lifting and hoisting long-span hybrid steel structures based on the lifting work of a steel roof and steel beams of the Hunan Radio and Television studio F. First, after conducting research on the comparison and selection of the construction scheme, lifting process, quality control and other aspects, a floor assembly + hydraulic lifting + overhead supplementary bar construction plan was proposed. The large-section steel beam and truss hybrid structure system with different bottom chord elevations was divided into two units for synchronous lifting, with weights of 715 tons and 340 tons, lifting heights of 21.5 metres and 15 metres, and a maximum span of 50.4 metres , Second, the maximum vertical displacement, maximum stress ratio of the members, lifting reaction force frame and overall stability of the hybrid structure during the lifting process were analysed, and the results showed that they all met the requirements. Finally, the monitoring data of the field construction process were in good agreement with the numerical calculation results, further verifying the rationality and feasibility of hydraulic synchronous lifting technology, which can provide guidance and a reference for the construction of similar long-span hybrid steel structures.
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COLD FORMED STEEL SHEAR WALL RACKING ANALYSIS THROUGH A MECHANISTIC APPROACH: CFS-RAMA. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.3.2.

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Cold-formed steel shear wall panels are an effective lateral load resisting system in cold-formed steel or light gauge constructions. The behavior of these panels is governed by the interaction of the sheathing - frame fasteners and the sheathing itself. Therefore, analysis of these panels for an applied lateral load (monotonic/cyclic) is complex due to the inherent non-linearity that exists in the fastener-sheathing interaction. This paper presents a novel and efficient, fastener based mechanistic approach that can reliably predict the response of cold-formed steel wall panels for an applied monotonic lateral load. The approach is purely mechanistic, alleviating the modelling complexity, computational costs and convergence issues which is generally confronted in finite element models. The computational time savings are in the order of seven when compared to the finite element counterparts. Albeit its simplicity, it gives a good insight into the component level forces such as on studs, tracks and individual fasteners for post-processing and performance-based seismic design at large. The present approach is incorporated in a computational framework - CFS-RAMA. The approach is general and thereby making it easy to analyze a variety of configurations of wall panels with brittle sheathing materials and the results are validated using monotonic racking test data published from literature. The design parameters estimated using EEEP (Equivalent Energy Elastic Plastic) method are also compared against corresponding experimental values and found in good agreement. The method provides a good estimate of the wall panel behavior for a variety of configurations, dimensions and sheathing materials used, making it an effective design tool for practicing engineers.
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