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1

Bose, Sugata. "Agrarian Bengal : economy, social structure and politics, 1919-1947 /." Cambridge ; New York ; Melbourne : Cambridge university press, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36628826g.

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2

Datta, Rajat. "Rural Bengal : social structure and agrarian economy in the late eighteenth century." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rural-bengal--social-structure-and-agrarian-economy-in-the-late-eighteenth-century(c3fd3fb9-688c-4a22-ba0c-d5fa3322296e).html.

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3

Som, Bijaybihari. "Agrarian social structure:a case study of some villages of Cooch Behar West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/159.

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4

Harbour, Tiffany Kwader. "Creating a New Guatemala: The 1952 Agrarian Reform Law." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1217963651.

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5

LAPA, Lais de Carvalho. "As antinomias da função social da propriedade rural: as experiências do assentamento Normandia e do acampamento Papagaio na região Agreste de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19610.

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A função social da propriedade rural, enquanto direito, princípio e garantia estabelecidos na Constituição Federal de 1988, constitui o conceito central da presente dissertação de mestrado e sua abordagem teve como fundamento a versão contra-hegemônica dos direitos humanos, aqui reconhecida como instrumento de transformação e superação de maneira radicalmente democrática dos conflitos por terra no Brasil. O objetivo geral da pesquisa reside na análise das experiências históricas do Assentamento Normandia e do Acampamento na Fazenda Papagaio - ambos localizados na região Agreste do estado de Pernambuco -, nas quais procuramos identificar as determinações sociojurídicas que conduziram, na primeira, ao reconhecimento da função social da propriedade rural e, na segunda, ao impedimento à sua efetivação enquanto condição que possibilita a expansão da justiça social, ainda que nos marcos de uma sociedade capitalista. Nessa perspectiva, fizemos a opção metodológica pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com abordagem qualitativa. Inicialmente, dedicamo-nos ao estudo das principais obras dos autores clássicos do pensamento social brasileiro com a finalidade de compreender os fundamentos históricos da estrutura agrária do Brasil e os níveis elevados de concentração fundiária que a caracterizam. Em seguida, investigamos a regulamentação do conceito de função social da propriedade rural nas cartas magnas brasileiras e no plano jurídico infraconstitucional, bem como os principais debates travados a seu respeito. Construído o quadro teórico, pudemos desenvolver, com maior consistência, a última etapa da presente dissertação, na qual realizamos uma pesquisa documental com base nos processos administrativos e judiciais relativos a cada uma das citadas experiências. Ao final, a pesquisa nos permitiu concluir que o próprio texto constitucional sofre diferentes interpretações, podendo ser instrumentalizado para atender aos interesses da elite agrária brasileira. Assim, se, por um lado, a experiência do Assentamento Normandia revelou a inserção da dimensão social e política do conflito por terra no debate jurídico e o reconhecimento da função social da propriedade rural como instrumento que possibilita a efetivação de um conjunto de direitos fundamentais, por outro, a experiência do Acampamento Papagaio demonstrou a limitação do debate sobre a reforma agrária a uma discussão exclusivamente técnica relativa à (im)produtividade da terra, acabando por gerar uma leitura do dispositivo constitucional que regula a função social da propriedade rural funcional à reprodução da lógica segragacionista imposta pelo direito de propriedade em seu aspeto mais tradicional.
The social function of rural property, as related to rights, principle and guaranty stated in the Federal Constitution of 1988, forms the basis for the central concept of this master degree thesis and its approach had as basement the counter hegemonics version of human rights, here recognized as an instrument of transformation and overcoming in a radical and democratic way of conflicts for land in Brazil. The general aim of this search is the analyses of historic conflicts in Normandia settlement and encampment on Papagaio farm.- both located in rural area of the state of Pernambuco - where we sought to identify the social and juridical determinations that drove, in the first, to the acceptance of social function of rural property and second, to the obstruction to its execution while condition that enables the expansion of social justice, even though in the marks of a capitalist society. Based on these facts, we made the methodological choice of bibliographical and documentary with qualitative approach. Initially, we devoted to the study of the major works of classical authors of the social Brazilian thought with the objective to understand the historical basement of agrarian structure of Brazil and the high levels of landholding concentration that features it. Then, we explored the regulation of the concept of social function of rural property in Brazilian magna-letter and the infra constitutional judicial plan and also the main debates that happened regarded to it. Built the theorist chart, we developed with more consciousness the last stage of this present thesis, in which we got the direction to have a documental search based on judicial and administrative proceedings related to each of the mentioned experiments. Finally, the search let us to deduce that the constitutional text itself admits different interpretations, it can be exploited to attend the interests of Brazilian agrarian elite. So, if by one side the experiment of Normandia settlement revealed the insertion of social dimension and the political conflicts for land in judicial debate and the recognition of social function of rural property as an instrument that enables the execution of a set of fundamental rights, on the other side, the experiment of Papagaio encampment showed the restriction of debate about agrarian reform to an exclusive technical discussion related to the poorness of the land, leading to create a reading of the constitutional apparatus that regulates the social function of functional rural property to the reproduction of logical segregation imposed by the rights of property in its more traditional aspect.
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6

Lindström, Jonas. "Distribution and Differences : Stratification and the System of Reproduction in a Swedish Peasant Community 1620-1820." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9328.

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This dissertation examines the character, conditions and change of peasant stratification in early modern Sweden. Wherever and whenever one looks, one finds that resources were unevenly spread among peasant households. In the literature, there are different, and conflicting, views compatible with this finding. In order to explain its character, this study places peasant stratification into a broader system of resource reproduction. Resource holding, families, and individuals are studied over time. The study is based on an extended family reconstitution comprising the landholding peasants in the Mid-Swedish parish of Björskog between 1620 and 1820. Data has been compiled from cadastres, poll tax registers, parish registers, court records, and maps, and has then been related to the information on resource holding as given by tax lists and probate inventories. Six elements and three general principles are identified as fundamental to systems of resource reproduction among peasants. Starting from these, the book argues that the resource holding of a Swedish peasant household was relatively independent of family demography; that wealthy peasants were able to retain large surpluses even during the period of high rent pressure in the seventeenth century; that the reproduction of poorer peasant households was imperfect whereas the reproduction of wealthier households was extended; that wealthy peasants dominated the local community; that economic inequalities within the class of landed peasants did not increase during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; that land accumulation and cyclical mobility became important features of peasant society, but not until the decades around 1800: and that the peasant community was characterized by a large degree of geographical and downward social mobility.
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7

Gomes, Luciano Costa. "Uma cidade negra : Escravidão, estrutura econômico-demográfica e diferenciação social na formação de Porto Alegre, 1772-1802." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72751.

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A presente pesquisa aborda a dinâmica das estruturas demográfica, social e econômica de Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande de São Pedro, em seu período formativo (entre 1772 e 1800). As principais fontes consultadas foram róis de confessados, relações de moradores, mapas de população e produção e livros de casamento e de batismo. Nos três primeiros capítulos da dissertação são analisadas as características da população e suas modificações, as diferenças entre a área urbana e rural e a distribuição da posse de escravos. No quarto e no quinto capítulo são estudas a estrutura agrária local e as redes familiares e estratégias dos produtores rurais. Os dois últimos capítulos, por fim, abordam a família e o compadrio escravo. O argumento central aqui defendido é o de que Porto Alegre, já em suas primeiras décadas de existência, demonstrava forte dependência em relação ao escravismo. A freguesia conheceu um expressivo crescimento demográfico decorrente, em grande medida, do aumento do número de cativos. Seu núcleo urbanizado mostrava-se, desde então, bastante desenvolvido, concentrando a maior parte da população, inclusive escrava. Os cativos eram muitos e estavam distribuídos em pequenas propriedades. A fronteira agrária encontrava-se fechada e há fortes indícios apontando para um processo de diferenciação social entre os produtores rurais. Ao avaliar as condições nas quais surgiram as famílias escravas, constatouse que a atividade produtiva do senhor, o tamanho da posse escrava e a origem dos cativos aparecem como importantes fatores a serem considerados. A escolha de padrinhos, por sua vez, conheceu uma profunda transformação ao logo do período, em um processo no qual incidiram as mudanças na estrutura de posse de escravos, as variações na dinâmica do tráfico, bem como os limites e possibilidades impostos pelas redes sociais senhoriais. A economia e a sociedade de Porto Alegre, em suas primeiras décadas de existência, podem, sim, ser classificadas como escravistas.
This paper aims to present an analysis of the dynamics of demographic, social and economic structures in Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande de São Pedro, in its formative period (from 1772 to 1800). The main sources consulted were of confessed sterols, neighborhood relations, maps of production and population, and books of marriage and baptism. In the first three chapters of this dissertation, the population characteristics and its modifications, the differences between urban and rural areas and the distribution of slaveholding are analyzed. In the fourth and fifth chapters present the study of the local agrarian structure, family networks and farmers’ strategies. In the last two chapters the family and crony slave are discussed. The central argument supported is that Porto Alegre, in its first decades of existence, showed strong dependence on slavery. The parish has experienced a significant growth of population due largely to the increase in the number of captives. Its urbanized core showed up quite developed, concentrating most population, including slaves. There were many captives and they were distributed in small farms. The agrarian frontier was closed and there is strong evidence pointing a process of social differentiation among farmers. In assessing the conditions under which emerged slave families, it was found that the productive activity of the master, the size of the possession of captive and the origin of the slaves, are important factors to be considered. Meanwhile, the choice of godparents experienced a profound transformation over the period, a process which focused on changes in the structure of slave ownership, changes in the dynamics of trafficking, as well as the limits and possibilities posed by social networks manor. The economy and society of Porto Alegre, in its first decades of existence, can indeed be classified as slavery.
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8

Mancus, Philip Michael. "An international division of nature : the effects of structural adjustment on agricultural sustainability /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10247.

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Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. "This dissertation studies the effects of national economic restructuring programs, implemented under the administration of multilateral development institutions, on the fertilizer intensity, energy intensity, and value efficiency of national commodity agriculture for the period 1980 to 2002"--P. iv. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-182). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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9

Murrey-Ndewa, Amber. "Lifescapes of a pipedream : a decolonial mixtape of structural violence & resistance along the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cdd0811a-4324-4ec6-a867-aee9174fd984.

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People's narratives, interpretations and understandings of the Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline and pipeline actors emphasise the uneven exercise of power through which structural violence is effected and experienced. The complexity of the processes of structural violence along with local socio-political context and peoples' dynamic understandings thereof play major roles in shaping resistance practices, in complex ways in Kribi and Nanga-Eboko. Working from these narratives, I offer a theoretical re-articulation of structural violence as (i) tangible through the body, (ii) historically compounded, (iii) spatially compressed and (iv) enacted in a globalised geopolitical nexus by actors who are spatially nested within a racialised and gendered hierarchy of scale. Drawing from critical interdisciplinary work on violence, my theory of a triad of divergent, often interrelated and co-existing, distinguishable indexes of structural violence includes: infra/structural violence, industrial structural violence and institutionalized structural violence. The particular processes and mechanisms of uneven power within structural violence, local socio-political contexts and the epistemologies through which power is conceived (in this case I consider epistemologies of la sorcellerie, or witchcraft) inform resistance practices; I illuminate key operations (within geographies characterised by high levels of infra/structural violence) within the spatial practices of power that influence the tendency for resistance struggles to be quiet, spontaneous and/or labour-based. I conclude with a discussion of the political and intellectual value of academic work on life and being amid structural violence, emphasising the need to move beyond the invisible/visible dichotomy that has often informed intellectual work on structural violence.
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Silva, João Paulo da. "Posseiros e possuidores : conflitos sociais na formação da estrutura fundiária em São Carlos-SP entre 1850 e 1888." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7121.

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This research has as its objective the analysis of the social conflicts during the process of land structuring of the region that currently comprises the city of São Carlos-SP, in the second half of the 19th century. The period of analysis, from 1850 to 1888, was chosen for being an important transition period in the country, marked, above all, by the Lei de Terras of 1850 and the abolition of slavery. It is also comprised within this time frame the early days of the transition of the production model in the region, away from the raising of animals and the production of foods destined for immediate necessities, to a model founded on coffee plantations, a model that already featuring capitalistic traits, modeled on a more disciplined and continuous work regime. The main documental scope that guides the research is a collection of civil lawsuits concerning land questions. Nonetheless, I combine the lawsuits with other sources, like land registries, censuses, Almanaques and journals. Despite sharing a semantic similarity, as well as a common etymological origin with the word “ownership”, “squatters” (“posseiros”) and “owners” (“possuidores”) will take on opposite meanings in the context of agrarian disputes of the 19th century: the former were stigmatized as poor invaders who did not have the means to make the land productive and to legalize it; the latter were the ones who, besides having ownership of the land, also possessed land titles. However, the construction of these categories is not as linear as it might seem at first sight. On many occasions, social and political prestige would supplant the necessity for proof of property titles. Small and medium-sized farmers had a hard time transforming their lands into legal property. Thus, I put forward the hypothesis that “posseiros” and “possuidores” are categories that, far from being fixed and having stable definitions, outline a historical process of conflict. In this way, I seek to comprehend the object of my research, in the light of the notions of primitive accumulation present in Marx, and most of all, in Thompson; and the notion of stigma, present in Goffman and Norbert Elias. I also intend to find out, with the chosen theoretical and empirical foundations, how a group of free laborers earned their place in the social dynamics of the region at the time.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os conflitos sociais durante o processo de estruturação fundiária da região que compõe o atual município de São Carlos-SP, durante a segunda metade do século XIX. A delimitação temporal – entre 1850 e 1888 - foi escolhida por se tratar de um privilegiado período de transições no país, marcadas, sobretudo, pela Lei de Terras de 1850 e pela abolição da escravidão. Também é dentro desse período que se inicia na região a transição de um modelo de produção voltado para a criação de animais e cultivo de gêneros de primeiras necessidades, para o empreendimento cafeeiro, modelo já com traços capitalistas, assentado em uma disciplina de trabalho mais rígida e contínua. O escopo documental primordial que rege a pesquisa é um conjunto de processos cíveis acerca de questões ligadas à terra. Entretanto, faço o cruzamento dos processos com outras fontes, como registros de terras, recenseamentos, Almanaques e jornais. Apesar de guardarem uma similaridade semântica e uma mesma origem etimológica em torno da palavra posse, posseiros e possuidores vão ganhar significados diametralmente opostos no bojo das disputas agrárias durante o século XIX: os primeiros ficaram estigmatizados como invasores pobres que não dispunham de recursos para deixar a terra produtiva e para legalizá-la; já os segundos são os que, além da posse, tinham o título de propriedade de seu território. Entretanto, a construção dessas categorias não é tão linear quanto aparenta. Muitas vezes o prestígio político e social suplantava a necessidade de comprovação dos títulos de propriedade. Já pequenos e médios lavradores por vezes sofriam para transformar sua posse em propriedade. Assim, parto da hipótese que posseiros e possuidores, são categorias que, longe de serem estanques e de terem definições seguras, demarcam um processo histórico de conflitos. Assim, procuro compreender meu objeto de pesquisa à luz dos conceitos de acumulação primitiva, presente em Marx e, sobretudo, Thompson, e de estigma, presente em Goffman e Norbert Elias. Pretendo também encontrar, com a mobilização empírica e teórica escolhida, como o grupo de trabalhadores nacionais livres conseguiu um lugar nas dinâmicas sociais da região à época.
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Tomé, Luiz Henrique Paloschi. "Estruturas de governança na agroindústria canavieira paranaense: uma análise sob a ótica da Nova Economia Institucional." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2189.

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Given the complex economic relations between the agents that comprise the Agribusiness Systems (SAG's) and the historical importance of national sugarcane sector, as well as the representation of Paraná State in the sector, the objective of this research was to analyze the factors influencing the choice of governance structures in the sugarcane agroindustry in Paraná. Thus, we analyzed from the perspective of New Institutional Economics (NIE) and Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), the characteristics of transactions, agents and organizational and institutional environments in which they operate the processing of sugarcane agro industries object of study. The research was qualitative, since it aimed to increase knowledge about transactions and the specific governance structures of each agribusiness, and to identify the factors that influence the contractual forms adopted. It was applied one multi case study in two called Paraná sugarcane agro industries Alfa and Beta. Data collection occurred through interviews and electronic correspondence with representatives of agro industries and the State of Paraná Bioenergy Producers Association (ALCOPAR), bibliographical research and document analysis. The results showed that the effects of institutional changes and the organizational environment on the choices of agro industries were the same for both agro industries, as expected since the analyzed companies are part of the same market, economic sector, institutional and organizational environments, and are located in the same state. It was observed that the changes in the institutional environment directly affected the ways to transact and the strategic positioning of companies, in addition, were also confirmed actions to change the institutional environment for agribusiness, with representatives in all spheres of government to the defense the sector's interests. It was evident that the organizational environment is well structured in SAG's sugarcane of Paraná and fundamental for raising the logistic efficiency of it. Regarding the influence of the characteristics of the transactions and the agents, uncertainty and bounded rationality were the most relevant factors in the choice of governance structures by Alfa, Beta was for the cooperative ideology (cooperative). Thus, the variables studied by NIE, asset specificity, frequency and uncertainty were the most shown to influence the choices of the analyzed agro industries governance structures, especially in relation to the supply of raw materials; reputation had a slight influence; and opportunism was not found. Finally, it was observed that there is empirical evidence of most theoretical points raised by the NIE to explain the choices of contractual forms.
Tendo em vista as complexas relações econômicas entre os agentes que compõem os Sistemas Agroindustriais (SAG s) e a histórica importância do setor canavieiro nacional, bem como, a representatividade do estado do Paraná no setor, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os fatores que influenciam a escolha das estruturas de governança na agroindústria canavieira paranaense. Para tanto, foram analisadas, sob a ótica da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), as características das transações, dos agentes e dos ambientes organizacional e institucional em que estão inseridas as agroindústrias processadoras de cana-de-açúcar objeto de estudo. A pesquisa foi de caráter qualitativo, uma vez que visou aprofundar o conhecimento a respeito das transações e das estruturas de governança específicas de cada agroindústria, bem como, identificar os fatores influenciadores das estruturas de governança adotadas. Foi aplicado um estudo com duas agroindústrias canavieiras paranaenses denominadas aqui como Alfa e Beta. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas e correspondência eletrônica com representantes das agroindústrias e da Associação de Produtores de Bioenergia do Estado do Paraná (ALCOPAR), pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise de documentos. Os resultados mostraram que os efeitos das transformações institucionais e do ambiente organizacional sobre as escolhas das agroindústrias foram os mesmos para as duas agroindústrias, resultado esperado já que as empresas analisadas fazem parte do mesmo mercado, setor econômico, ambientes institucional e organizacional, e estão localizadas no mesmo Estado. Observou-se que as modificações no ambiente institucional impactaram diretamente as formas de se transacionar e o posicionamento estratégico das empresas, além disso, também foram confirmadas ações voltadas à modificação do ambiente institucional pelas agroindústrias, com representantes em todas as esferas de governo para a defesa dos interesses do setor. Evidenciou-se que o ambiente organizacional é bem estruturado no SAG da cana-de-açúcar paranaense e fundamental para a elevação da eficiência logística do mesmo. De maneira geral, considerando as transações analisadas nos elos T2 e T3, a Agroindústria Alfa opta mais pela integração vertical e pela contratação direta, enquanto a Agroindústria Beta escolhe na maioria dos casos a contratação e a cooperação. No que tange as influências das características das transações e dos agentes, a incerteza e a racionalidade limitada foram os fatores mais relevantes nas escolhas das estruturas de governança pela Alfa, para a Beta foi a ideologia cooperativa (cooperativismo). Assim, das variáveis estudadas pela NEI, a especificidade dos ativos, a frequência e a incerteza foram as que mais demonstraram influenciar as escolhas das estruturas de governança das agroindústrias analisadas, principalmente em relação ao fornecimento de matéria-prima; a reputação teve uma influência discreta; e, o oportunismo não foi constatado. Por fim, observou-se que há uma comprovação empírica da maioria dos pontos teóricos apontados pela NEI para explicar as escolhas das estruturas de governança.
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12

Sopeña, Mauro Barcellos. "Comportamento oportunista em contratos agroindustriais: um exame multicaso-fuzzy para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3831.

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This thesis examines agroindustrial contracts selected for the State of Rio Grande do Sul. From the williamsoniano concept of efficient governance, we seek to understand and measure how the opportunistic behaviour of agents is manifested on those governance structures, whereas the principle of contractual incompleteness. To do so, uses mixed methods analysis combining quantitative approach of fuzzy logic, with the qualitative contribution of parallel studies. The behavioral assumption of opportunism, of New Institutional Economics, is parsed for contracts of rice, fumicultura and pig farming. Purpose and a priori, the contracts are considered, respectively, as classics, and bilateral, neoclassical which corresponds to the contractual typology defined by Oliver Williamson from the relational theory of Ian MacNeil. When considering that each contractual model presents structural conditions and separate themselves from the others, the comparative analysis of the occurrence of opportunistic postures passes the import. Thus, the agro-industrial activities are analysed in terms of conformity with the theoretical models, using, for this, controllers or appropriate markers each governance structure. The fuzzy model developed for the measurement of the phenomenon consists of three categories of analysis: (a) the level of confidence that the agents have on the contractual counterpart (b) references that have next to their peers and (c) the importance we attach to the adoption of contractual safeguards. The qualitative analysis of each case contains, in addition to the interviews with the agents, processes, documentary research and observation visits to sectoral representative entities. Registers, from the analysis of the data, a strong correspondence between the results calculated in both methods, i.e. both plans showed the same tendency analysis on the attitude of the agents that validates, in some ways, the proposed model. The overall results of the work demonstrate a higher level of formal contracts, along with a greater complexity of contract, associated with a higher occurrence of opportunistic behaviour on the part of the agents this result suggested by literature, although with few analytical models. In this perspective, other order theoretical contributions were possible, especially when the behavioral assumption was cotejado with own attributes of the transaction. In General, the agreements examined revealed the existence of an important evaluation and evidence co-especificidade in assets, property is directly linked to the occurrence of opportunism via asymmetric information. This finding contributes to a more realistic analysis of those agro-industrial activities, as well as expand the concept of specific assets. Finally, a particular dimension concerning problems of asymmetric information in contracts was determined. The resulting proposition is supported in the notion of revelation and validation of the information by the agents, which represents a new and important dimension existing in those structural contracts.
A presente tese examina contratos agroindustriais selecionados para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir do conceito williamsoniano de governança eficiente, busca-se compreender e mensurar de que forma o comportamento oportunista dos agentes se manifesta diante daquelas estruturas de governança, considerando o princípio da incompletude contratual. Para tanto, utiliza-se de métodos mistos de análise que combinam a abordagem quantitativa oriunda da lógica fuzzy, com o aporte qualitativo dos estudos multicaso. O pressuposto comportamental do oportunismo, próprio da Nova Economia Institucional, é analisado para contratos da orizicultura, fumicultura e suinocultura. Propositalmente e a priori, os contratos são considerados, respectivamente, como clássicos, neoclássicos e bilaterais, o que corresponde à tipologia contratual definida por Oliver Williamson a partir da teoria relacional de Ian MacNeil. Ao considerar que cada modelo contratual apresenta condições estruturais próprias e distintas dos demais, a análise comparativa da ocorrência de posturas oportunistas passa a importar. Assim, as atividades agroindustriais são analisadas em termos de conformidade com os modelos teóricos, utilizando-se, para isto, controladores ou marcadores apropriados em cada estrutura de governança. O modelo fuzzy elaborado para a mensuração do fenômeno constitui-se de três categorias de análise: (a) o nível de confiança que os agentes possuem sobre a contraparte contratual, (b) as referências que possuem junto a seus pares e (c) a importância que atribuem à adoção de salvaguardas contratuais. A análise qualitativa de cada caso contém, além das entrevistas junto aos agentes, processos de observação, pesquisas documentais e visitas a entidades setoriais representativas. Registra-se, a partir da análise dos dados, uma forte correspondência entre os resultados apurados em ambos os métodos, ou seja, ambos os planos de análise apresentaram a mesma tendência acerca da postura dos agentes, o que valida, de certa forma, o modelo quantitativo proposto. Os resultados globais do trabalho demonstram ainda que um maior nível de contratualização formal, juntamente com uma maior complexidade contratual, associa-se com maior ocorrência de comportamentos oportunistas por parte dos agentes resultado este já sugerido pela literatura, embora com escassos modelos analíticos. Nesta perspectiva, outras contribuições de ordem teórica foram possíveis, sobretudo quando o referido pressuposto comportamental foi cotejado com atributos próprios da transação. Em linhas gerais, os acordos examinados revelaram a existência de uma importante co-especificidade de avaliação e de prova em ativos, propriedade esta que está diretamente vinculada à ocorrência de oportunismo via informação assimétrica. Este achado contribui para uma análise mais realista daquelas atividades agroindustriais, além de expandir o conceito de ativos específicos. Por fim, uma especial dimensão relativa aos problemas de informação assimétrica em contratos foi detectada. A proposição decorrente sustenta-se na noção de revelação e validação da informação por parte dos agentes, questão esta que representa uma nova e importante dimensão estrutural existente para aqueles contratos.
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13

Gontareck, Meridiana. "A terceirização de máquinas e equipamentos na produção de grãos no município de Palotina-PR." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2194.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The outsourcing of services in the agricultural process has been, especially in commodity chains, the choice of producers who seek skilled services and are also considering cost reduction. Therefore, the proposal of this dissertation aimed to investigate this movement of grain farming, specifically in soybean, wheat and corn. To prove the hypotheses of this study, it was performed a case study in rural communities of Alto Alegre, Dois Irmãos and Vila Paraíso, located in the city of Palotina. The research was based on quantitative and qualitative approaches and it aimed to analyze the occurrence of this phenomenon in the area surveyed. Data collection was performed using in loco interviews. The literature review sought to find factors that influences the choice of governance structures in the outsourcing process, from the perspective of New Institutional Economics (NIE), the characteristics of transactions, agents and the organizational and institutional environments in which they operate, aiming to identify collective actions present in the process, considering that Brazilian agribusiness has been marked by increasingly presence of partnerships between individuals and organizations. The results showed that hypothesis of the research, which were: the lack of financial resources, the size of the property and the cost reduction that influence the moment of choosing whether to immobilize machinery or outsource, entirely or some stages of the process; have been proved. Then, it was proposed for this search, to measure the outsourcing rates in order to present your real scenario, in order to point out the potential of this new governance structure present in grain farming.
A terceirização dos serviços no processo agrícola vem sendo principalmente nas cadeias de commodities, a opção dos produtores que buscam obter serviços qualificados atendendo-se também a redução de custos. Diante disso, a proposta da presente dissertação visa investigar essa movimentação na agricultura de grãos, especificamente nas culturas de soja, trigo e milho. Para comprovação das hipóteses da pesquisa, foi realizado então um estudo de caso nas comunidades rurais de Alto Alegre, Dois Irmãos e Vila Paraíso da cidade de Palotina-Pr. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas in loco. A pesquisa foi elaborada com dados quantitativos e qualitativos e posteriormente, para verificar relevância, os dados encontrados foram transformados em gráficos. A revisão teórica buscou encontrar fatores que influenciam a escolha das estruturas de governança nesse processo, sob a ótica da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), as características das transações, dos agentes e dos ambientes organizacional e institucional em que estão inseridas, com intuito de encontrar as ações coletivas presentes, sendo que o agronegócio brasileiro tem sido marcado pela presença cada vez maior de parcerias entre indivíduos e organizações. Os resultados mostraram que as hipótese da pesquisa se comprovaram e são eles: a falta de recursos financeiros, o tamanho da propriedade e a redução de custos que influenciam na hora da escolha por imobilizar maquinários ou terceirizar totalmente ou algumas etapas do processo. Propôs-se então nessa pesquisa, mensurar os índices de terceirização visando apresentar o seu real cenário, de modo a apontar as potencialidades desta nova estrutura de governança presente na agricultura de grãos.
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14

Muniz, Rômulo Santos. "A produção de biocombustíveis: uma análise econométrica dos efeitos da produção de cana-de-açúcar sobre a produção de alimentos, o emprego, a estrutura fundiária e o meio ambiente." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13549.

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With the intensification of changing weather conditions on the planet, the debate on environmental issues is emphasized at the agenda of the international. The concern about the negative impacts to the environment and the continued use of fossil fuels has generated a search for alternative sources of cleaner energy. In this context, Brazil is inserted as a major supplier in the global renewable energy, proposing to be a major producer of biofuels in the world, mainly ethanol from cane sugar. This study aims at analyzing the impacts of the expansion of cultivation of cane sugar on food production, using as instruments to analyze the decomposition model \"shift-share\" and the scale and substitution effects. We also tried to determine the effects of farming on employment and land ownership structure, using as instruments of analysis regression models with panel data.
Com a intensificação das mudanças nas condições climáticas no planeta, é posto em evidência na agenda dos organismos internacionais o debate em torno da questão ambiental. A preocupação em torno dos impactos negativos causados ao meio ambiente, pelo uso continuo de combustíveis fósseis, gerou uma busca por fontes alternativas de energia menos poluentes. É neste contexto, que o Brasil se insere como um grande ofertante no mercado mundial de energia renovável, se propondo a ser um dos maiores produtores de biocombustíveis no mundo, principalmente, do etanol da cana-de-açúcar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os impactos da expansão da lavoura de cana-de-açúcar sobre a produção de alimentos, utilizando-se como instrumentos de analise o modelo de decomposição shift-share e os efeitos escala e substituição. Também buscou-se verificar os efeitos da atividade agropecuária sobre o emprego e a estrutura fundiária, utilizando-se como instrumentos de analise modelos de regressão com dados em painel.
Mestre em Economia
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15

Ramos, Manoel João. "Análise do sistema agroindustrial da carne ovina no Oeste do Paraná com o uso da matriz estrutural prospectiva." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2144.

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This study presents an analysis of how institutional, organizational, technological and competitive environments, as well as strategies and performance of companies may influence the agribusiness system of lamb meat on western Paraná. To do that, the Prospective Structural Analysis was applied; it is a method under the matrix form of analysis of relations between the variables that constitute the studied system and those that belong to its explanatory context. This method aims to emerge the main essential variables to the evolution of the system. The theoretical concepts of New Institutional Economics were applied in combination with the Model of Systemic Relations, important analysis tools from the point of view of the importance of institutions and their influence in the transaction costs and alternative ways of organizing production. The practical application of the study occurs in three successive stages comprising the survey of variables that possibly affect the system, the identification of relationships between these variables and finally the selection of the relevant variables. The results derived from the analysis suggest that lamb meat industry rests under an environment of instability, having the illegal slaughter as variable of greatest influence and at the same time highly dependent which presents itself as an unstable variable and any action on it may cause significant impacts on the entire system. Although rated in the group of moderate influence, variables legislation and taxation / evasion were positioned in the quadrant of the input variables, indicating that they are, at the same time, very influential and little dependent, and should be targeted for priority actions. In this sense, the institutional environment should begin the process of improving the system of lamb meat because of the lack of specific legislations, the incidence of high taxes followed by tax evasion, has great influence on the lamb agro industrial system, undermining the competitiveness of the sector. Finally, it is observed that there are great challenges and opportunities for articulation of lamb meat agro industrial system in the Western Parana in order to promote better coordination between the agents involved in the system and the final consumer.
Este estudo apresenta uma análise de como os ambientes institucional, organizacional, tecnológico e competitivo, assim como as estratégias e o desempenho das empresas podem influenciar no sistema agroindustrial da carne ovina na região Oeste do Paraná. Para isso, aplicou-se a Análise Estrutural Prospectiva, um método sob a forma matricial de análise das relações entre as variáveis constitutivas do sistema estudado e aquelas que pertencem ao seu contexto explicativo, que tem por objetivo fazer emergir as principais variáveis essenciais à evolução do sistema estudado. Também foram aplicados os conceitos da Nova Economia Institucional aliado ao Modelo de Relações Sistêmicas, importantes instrumentos de análise sob o ponto de vista da importância das instituições e sua influência nos custos das transações e nos modos alternativos de organização da produção. A aplicação prática do estudo ocorre em três fases sucessivas compostas pelo levantamento das variáveis que possivelmente interferem no sistema, a identificação das relações existentes entre elas e, por fim, a seleção das variáveis relevantes. Os resultados derivados dessa análise sugerem que a ovinocultura de corte repousa sob um ambiente de grande instabilidade, tendo como variável de maior influência e, ao mesmo tempo, altamente dependente, o abate clandestino, uma variável instável em que qualquer ação sobre ela pode causar impactos significativos em todo o sistema. Embora classificadas no grupo de influência moderada, as variáveis legislação e tributação/sonegação posicionam-se no quadrante das variáveis de entrada, indicando ser, ao mesmo tempo, muito influentes e pouco dependentes, devendo ser alvo de ações prioritárias. Neste sentido, é no ambiente institucional que se deve iniciar o processo de melhorias, pois a falta de legislações específicas, a incidência de carga tributária elevada acompanhada pela sonegação de impostos, exerce grande influência no sistema agroindustrial da carne ovina, prejudicando a competitividade do setor. Por fim, observa-se a existência de grandes desafios e de oportunidades para a articulação do Sistema Agroindustrial da carne ovina na região Oeste do Paraná, no intuito de promover a coordenação entre todos os agentes e o consumidor final.
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16

Enelow, Noah Hillel. "Fair trade coffee, agrarian cooperatives, and rural livelihoods in Peru." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3518229.

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This dissertation analyzes the fair trade (FLO) certification system for agricultural commodities in the context of the global coffee crisis and its deleterious effects on rural livelihoods, focusing on the northern Peruvian Amazon. I begin the dissertation in my introduction by outlining my theoretical framework, which analyzes markets as bundles of institutions. The dissertation proceeds to analyze the key institutions of the fair trade coffee chain: certifications, commodity trade, cooperatives, and smallholder farming communities. In my second chapter, I explain the history of the FLO certification system, examine the dynamics of certifications in general, and point out the incentive problems therein. My third chapter provides a value chain analysis of the global coffee trade, outlining the key differences between conventional and fair trade value chain structures and identifying the key forces that have increased inequality in incomes along the coffee value chain. My fourth chapter examines existing theories and empirical evidence on the efficacy of cooperatives in improving the welfare of their members, and critically reviews the debate about the role of cooperatives in rural development. My fifth chapter examines empirically the relationship between cooperatives and their member farms, based on fieldwork I conducted in Peru in 2006–7. My empirical analysis discovers that farms are better able to access cooperative benefits when they engage in non-market labor exchanges between households. I conclude the dissertation by arguing that, despite the limitations inherent in the fair trade certification movement, it has successfully expanded economic opportunities for participating growers, and that cooperative relationships among the growers improve access to these benefits.
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17

Prasad, Brajdeo Narayan. "Radicalism and violence in Agrarian structure: A sociological study of selected 'Senas' in Bihar." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5851.

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Som, Bijaybihari. "Agrarian social structure: A case study of some villages of coach behar West Bengal." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5386.

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19

Pandey, Vikash Narain. "Agrarian legislation and social structure in colonial awadh changing property relations through a study of court cases." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4357.

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20

Hamilpurker, J. L. "The study of bonded labour in the context of agrarian social structure within the Districts of Hyderabad Karnataka." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3452.

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Chambati, Walter S. S. "Changing agrarian labour relations in Zimbabwe in the context of the fast track land reform." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26800.

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This thesis examined the evolution and transition of agrarian labour relations in the aftermath of Zimbabwe‘s radical land redistribution, which reconfigured the agrarian structure in terms of landholdings, production practices and labour markets from 2000. Despite the importance of agrarian labour as source of livelihood for the largely countryside based population, insufficient academic attention has been paid to its evolution following the land reforms. Specifically to the mobilisation, organisation and utilisation of wage and non-wage labour against background of the changed land ownership patterns, agrarian policies and macro-economic conditions. Historical-structural approaches rooted in Marxist Political Economy informed the analysis of the new agrarian labour relations since in former Settler colonies such as Zimbabwe these were based were based on a historical context of specific land-labour utilisation relations created by land dispossession and discriminatory agrarian policies during the colonial and immediate independence period. Beyond this, gender issues, intra-household relations, kinship, citizenship and the agency of the workers were taken into account to understand the trajectory of labour relations. Detailed quantitative and qualitative empirical research in Goromonzi and Kwekwe districts, as well as from other sources demonstrated that a new agrarian labour regime had evolved to replace the predominant wage labour in former large-scale commercial farms. There has been a growth in the use of self-employed family farm labour alongside the differentiated use of wage labour in farming and other non-farm activities. Inequitable gender and generational tendencies were evident in the new agrarian labour regime. The new labour relations are marked by the exploitation of farm workers through wages that are below the cost of social reproduction, insecure forms of employment and poor working conditions. While their individual and collective worker agency is yet to reverse their poor socio-economic conditions. Various policy interventions to protect their land and labour rights are thus required. The study shed light on the the conceptual understanding of agrarian labour relations in former Settler economies, including the role of land reforms in the development of employment, and how the peasantry with enlarged land access are reconstituted through repeasantisation and semi-proletarianisation processes.
Public Administration and Management
D. P. A.
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22

Ngaido, Tidiane. "Redefining the boundaries of control post-colonial tenure policies and dynamics of social and tenure change in western Niger /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34148190.html.

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23

Cameron, John D. "The social origins of municipal democracy in rural Ecuador : agrarian structures, indigenous-peasant movements, and non-governmental organizations /." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ86332.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2003. Graduate Programme in Political Science.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 487-519) Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ86332
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