Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agoniste - Antagoniste'
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Bellier, Bruno. "Hétérogénéité fonctionnelle du récepteur CCK2 à la cholecystokinine : conception, étude de nouveaux outils pharmacologiques et perspectives thérapeutiques associées." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P605.
Full textANSAR, M'HAMMED. "Agonistes et antagonistes de l'acide gamma-aminobutyrique au niveau du recepteur gaba-b : etudes chimique et pharmacologique." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL2P251.
Full textSachon, Emmanuelle. "Etude de l'interaction entre le récepteur NK-1 et la substance P, par photomarquage et spectrométrie de masse maldi-tof." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066298.
Full textMaingot, Mathieu. "Conception et synthèse de ligands peptidomimétiques du récepteur de la ghréline." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS110.
Full textGhrelin is a hormone of 28 amino acids, mostly synthesized in the stomach. Firstly identified as a growth hormone secretagogue, this peptide is also involved in food intake, blood glucose and in some processes related to addiction. Ghrelin effects are mediated by a G protein-coupled receptor: GHS-R1a (Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor). This receptor has a high constitutive activity and a complex intra-cellular signaling network via the activation of β-arrestin and different isoforms of G protein (Gq, Gi / o, G12 / 13). Given these multiple effects, ligands of GHS-R1a have a therapeutic interest.This thesis is devoted to the development of antagonists and inverse agonists of hGHS-R1a whose structure is based on the 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazole scaffold. Thanks to a successive study of the various substituents of the peptidomimetic platform we identified antagonists with nanomolar affinity and inverse agonists with a significant efficiency. These compounds appear to be attractive candidates for in vivo studies on food intake or addiction models. On the other hand, a sophisticated pharmacological study, conducted on our compounds, has demonstrated that it is possible to obtain biased ligands based on the triazole motif. These results provide new informations about the functional selectivity of GHS-R1a. Thus, these data, combined with additional in vivo studies, could be useful for the design of new drugs with limited side effects
Édouard, Pascal. "Adaptations de la force musculaire des muscles rotateurs médiaux et latéraux dans la stabilisation dynamique de l' articulation scapulo-humérale : applications à des situations pathologiques et sportives." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET010T/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to determine the possible links between strength and agonist/antagonist balance of the shoulder internal and external rotators muscle, and the glenohumeral stability. The first part of this work is a reminder of functional anatomy, joint physiology and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint, and pathological aspects related to the problem of its stability and its exploration. The second part propose a critical analysis of technical exploration of muscular strength by isokinetic dynamometer to determine a reliable and reproducible protocol. We choose to use the more reliable and more suitable position for evaluation of pathological subject: the seated position with 45° of shoulder abduction in the scapular plane, with gravity corrected. The third part is aimed to research, from original clinical studies, the relationship between shoulder internal and external rotators muscle strength and balance, and shoulder instability on the one hand, and adaptations of this strength with sports practice on the other hand. Although a deficit in rotators muscle strength is associated with recurrent anterior instability, our work reporte no association between agonist/antagonist imbalance and recurrent anterior instability. In overhead sports and sports seeking the upper limbs, adaptations of strength, with a rotator strength increase on the dominant side, are inconsistent, and most importantly, our results reporte no agonist/antagonist imbalance induced by the sports practice. In conclusion, this work highlights adaptations in strength and balance of the shoulder internal and external rotators muscle associated with the glenohumeral joint instability, or induced by the sports practice. Tacking into account the limits of our experiment, we can hypothesis that any physiological adaptations induced by sport practice would not intervene as a pathophysiological mechanisms of desadaptation, or not be considered a risk factor predisposing, to glenohumeral joint diseases. Thus, our conclusion is that the agonist/antagonist balance would have a protective role of the joint stability; the occurrence of a muscle agonist / antagonist imbalance may be secondary to an anatomical lesion and mark the sign of its long and/or pejorative evolution
By, Youlet. "Modulation des récepteurs de l'adénosine par anticorps monoclonaux et ligands synthétiques. : application en physiopathologie humaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20688/document.
Full textAdenosine interacts on its cell surface receptors, namely A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R, to exertphysiological effects on target tissues. Modulation of these adenosine receptors appears to be a currenttopic of research which may bring more comprehensions on human pathophysiology yet to be elucidated.In order to study A2AR expression, we produced, in study 1, a monoclonal antibody anti‐human A2AR, calledAdonis being of IgM, isotype. Adonis recognized a linear epitope of seven amino acids on the C‐terminalpart of the A2AR second extra‐cellular loop. By Western blotting, Adonis reveals a 45 KDa band of A2AR incell lysates. Adonis behaves as an agonist‐like which increases the cAMP production and inhibits cellproliferation through A2AR stimulation. In study 2, we showed that using Adonis, to measure the A2ARexpression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells which mimic those of the cardiac tissue, was able todifferentiate some patients with suspected neurally mediated syncope. We showed, in study 3, that A2ARstimulation by Adonis leads to a down‐regulation of CXCR4 and CCR5 expression on T‐cells, suggesting thatAdonis would be a potential drug to treat HIV infections. In study 4, we showed that intracereboventricularinjection of Adonis increased the Hot‐plate and Tail‐flick test latencies in mice in a dose‐dependent manner.Such increases were prevented by two A2AR antagonists and by an opiate receptor antagonist, suggestingthat the anti‐nociceptive effects of Adonis were mediated, at least in part, by endogenous opioid liberation.The last section focused on biological evaluation of new A1R ligands in collaborative studies betweenchemists and biologists. Indeed we showed, in study 5, that among thirty synthesized molecules, four act asA1R antagonists and two turn out to be A1R agonists with a micromolar EC50 on cAMP production. ThoseA1R agonists would be used in neuropathic pains, whereas other antagonists could be used in cardiacfailure or as diuretic. Finally, in study 6, we tested an original hybrid molecule which was revealed to be abivalent antagonist to μ opiate receptors and A1R. This hybrid compound may have applications in somepathologies such as hypovolemic shock and opiate addiction
Belkhiria, Chama. "Exploration et analyse de la relation cerveau-muscles squelettiques lors de la préparation et de l’exécution motrice." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100191.
Full textThe present work fits on the border of neurosciences and muscular physiology. Three studies explored the brain and muscle activities following motor preparation and execution. The first study (A) linked brain and muscle activity during motor preparation. The results revealed that regions (e.g primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area) are involved in the activity of the flexor muscle (FDS) while other regions (e.g basal ganglia, fronto-parietal areas and cerebellum) are involved in the activity of the extensor muscle (EDC). The study (B) explored the role of cerebro-cerebellar and striatal networks during the execution period of cognitive and motivational task. The data showed that the anterior part of the right lobule VI was activated by the motor task, while its posterior part was specifically activated by verbal encouragement. Measurements of psychophysiological interaction revealed a closed connectivity loop formed by the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the red nuclei. The third study (C) concerned the effect of instruction on neuromuscular parameters of FDS and EDC muscles during motor execution. The results showed that the Maximum Voluntary Force, the Maximum Rate of Force Development and the associated electromyographic signal are the highest (p < 0.05) with cognitive, motivational and verbal encouragement condition
Dubreil, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude électrophysiologique et pharmacologique des systèmes gabaergiques régulateurs de l'activité des neurones DUM du dernier ganglion abdominal de la blatte, periplaneta americana l." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0006.
Full textMiller, Christian. "Effets comparés de deux modalités d'entraînement sur le développement de la force musculaire : électrostimulation et contraction volontaire." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112382.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to examine some physiological muscle adaptations to strengthening. The effects of monoangular isometric strength training using Electrical Stimulation (ES) or Voluntary Contraction (CV) upon the Torque-Length relationship and the electromyographic activity of the agonist and antagonist muscles were compared. Maximum Voluntary Isometric Force was significantly increased beth by electrical stimulation and voluntary contraction. The two training modes yielded similar results when the electrically evoked torque and the isometric flexion torque exerced on the ergometric device, along the training sessions were equal. In this way, the increase of voluntary strength was specific to the training angle with beth training procedures. Moreover some electromyagraphic evidence was revealed with ES and CV training indicating a greater increase in the motor unit activation of the agonist at the training. So that, a neural adaptation to training seems to be unavoidable even with electrical stimulation training. This neural mechanism would be driven by the level of the isometric torque exerced on the ergometric device. We emphasize the rôle of the postural muscle in the process of strength development
Tran-Drouin, Simon. "Sélectivité fonctionnelle de ligands orthostériques du récepteur FP de la PGF[indice inférieur 2alpha]." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4054.
Full textEdouard, Pascal. "Adaptations de la force musculaire des muscles rotateurs médiaux et latéraux dans la stabilisation dynamique de l' articulation scapulo-humérale : applications à des situations pathologiques et sportives." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718892.
Full textHoch, Lucile. "Etudes moléculaires et pharmacologiques du récepteur Smoothened." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T042/document.
Full textThe Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a critical role during embryogenesis and participates to the maintenance of neural stem cells in the adult brain (Ruat et al, 2015). Its activation requires the binding of a Hh peptide to its receptor Patched (Ptc) which represses the constitutive activity of Smoothened (Smo), a member of class F G-protein-coupled receptors (Wang et al, 2013). Deregulation of the Hh pathway is associated with the development of tumors, such as medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. Agonists and antagonists of Smo are candidates for the treatment of degenerative diseases and Hh-linked tumors, respectively (Ruat and Hoch, 2015). Crystallization studies of human Smo (hSmo) bound to different ligands have identified two types of 7 transmembrane-directed antagonists : those binding mostly to extracellular loops (site 1, e.g., LY2940680) and those penetrating deeply in the 7-transmembrane cavity (site 2, e.g., SANT-1) (Ruat et al, 2014).The present work allowed the caracterization of the acylguanidine MRT-92, one of the most potent Smo antagonist. MRT-92 inhibits Smo induced-responses in different cell-based assays, notably the proliferation of rat cerebellar granule cell with nanomolar potency. We developed its tritiated derivative [3H]MRT-92 (Kd= 0.3 nM for hSmo) for creating a comprehensive framework for the interaction of small molecule modulators with hSmo and for understanding chemoresistance linked to hSmo mutations. MRT-92 binds to the mutated hSmoD473H receptor resistant to GDC-0449 treatment, suggesting its therapeutic interest for the treatment of this resistance. Guided by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis data, we demonstrated the existence of a third type of Smo antagonists represented by MRT 92 that simultaneously recognized and occupied both sites 1 and 2.The development of a pharmacophoric model of Smo agonists allowed a virtual screening strategy to identify the GSA-10 compound, a quinolinecarboxamide. GSA-10 stimulates a non-canonical Hh pathway allowing C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells differentiation into osteoblasts. However, GSA-10 does not induce Gli-dependent reporter gene transcription nor rat cerebellar granule cell proliferation, and it does not regulate the subcellular localization of Smo at the primary cilium. Moreover, we observed that forskolin, a known activator of adenylate cyclase, is a positive and negative regulator of GSA-10 and SAG-mediated cell differentiation, respectively. Our data provide also evidences for two different conformational forms of Smo named SmoSAG and SmoGSA-10, which can be pharmacologically discriminate by Smo antagonists. Different antagonists including GDC 0449, CUR61414, Cyclopamine and MRT-92 loose their sensibility to inhibit SmoGSA-10.The present work allowed the identification of new pharmacological tools which should be useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the resistance of Smo inhibitors in cancer cells and may help to design new therapies with improved pharmacological properties for treating Hh-linked brain tumors
Potier, Marie-Claude. "Heterogeneite des recepteurs des benzodiazepines : etudes biochimiques et pharmacologiques." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066488.
Full textMARRIERE, EDDIE. "Synthese rapide du rp 62203, antagoniste des recepteurs serotoninergiques 5-ht 2 a - radiomarquage au fluor-18. Synthese d'analogues de la cytisine, agoniste nicotinique. Radiosynthese de la 9-(4- 1 8f-fluorophenyl)cytisine." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN2070.
Full textBeaurain-Buttez, Dominique. "Canaux calciques : agonistes et antagonistes." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2P003.
Full textLang, Jean. "Calcium et actions pharmacologiques sur les tissus spécialisé et commun auriculaires." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1H069.
Full textSanja, Hromiš. "Procena efikasnosti kombinovane antiinflamatorne terapije u postizanju dobre kontrole astme u zavisnosti od navike pušenja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95463&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textIntroduction: Smoking is one of the major causes of a bad asthma control, due to negative effects of the tobacco smoke on the airways and consequent resistance to inhalant corticosteroids. Smoking asthmatics should therefore often be treated with combined anti-inflammatory therapy, although the efficacy of this treatment regimen has not been completely examined yet. Objective: To examine the efficacy of the combined anti-inflammatory therapy (ICS combined to LABA vs.LTRA) in achieving a good asthma control, better quality of life and improved lung function in smoking vs. nonsmoking asthmatics. Method: The patients at 18-50 years of age with asthma (≥6 months), FEV1 > 60%, were subclassified into the group of nonsmokers –NS (N=60), and the group of active smokers - SM (≤2 ≥15 p/g and ≥10≤40 cigarettes a day; N=60). Both groups were randomized into one of the two open therapy groups (ICS combined to DDBA or ALTR), receiving the selected treatment for 24 weeks. Results: Any of the four randomized groups (NS-LABA, NS-LTRA, SM-LABA, SM-LTRA) consisted of 30 patients. During the 24-week period, SM had a worse control of their asthma than NS (p=0.02), but no difference was registered between DDBA vs. ALTR therapy subgroups (0.677 vs. 0.634). Over the 24-week period, a constantly good asthma control (ACQ≤0,75) was achieved by 48% of NS and 32% of SM (p=0.094), and no significant difference related to the applied therapy regimen (LABA vs. LTRA; p=1.000). NS had a better life quality than SM, but this difference remained statistically insignificant (p=0.056). Both the NS and the SM group in either treatment modality (LABA, ALTR) had a statistically significant change of the AQLQ score (p<0.001). FEV1 (%) improvement was statistically significant t in both the NS and the SM group (p=0.001 vs. p=0.002). The LABA and LTRA treated patients had their FEV (%) improvement at the level of p=0.001, and p=0.005 respectively. The multivariate analysis has established the following independent factors of a good asthma control: BMI≥24, nonsmoker, FEV1≥90%, ACQ≤2.2, and AQLQ≥4.2. Conclusion: The combined anti-inflammatory therapy is more efficient in NS than in SM asthmatics, while in the population of active smokers, both additional drugs (LABA, LTRA) were equally efficient in improving asthma control, life quality, and lung function.
Carvalho, Lia Prado de. "Agonistes, antagonistes et agonistes-inverses du récepteur des benzodiazépines : étude pharmacologique et comportementale." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112024.
Full textFischer, Bradford D. Dykstra Linda A. "Interactions between opioid agonists and glutamate receptor antagonists." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1694.
Full textTitle from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology Behavioral Neuroscience." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
Lombes, Marc. "Recepteurs mineralocorticoides : caracterisation dans differents modeles experimentaux et purification par chromatographie d'affinite." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066495.
Full textFurno-de, Winter Agnès. "Synthese d'agonistes et d'antagonistes du paf (platelet activating factor) : etude pharmacotoxicologique." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077055.
Full textSimon, Etienne. "Etude des récepteurs dopaminergiques dans l'inhibition des crampes abdominales induites par la phenylbenzoquinone chez la souris." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUE0049.
Full textGibson, Michael. "Characterisation of cannabinoid receptors and their ligands in isolated smooth muscle preparations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602011.
Full textMorizot, Alexandre. "Résistance à l'apoptose induite par TRAIL-R4 : sensibilisation des cellules tumorales par la chimiothérapie ou des mimétiques de TRAIL." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS025.
Full textTRAIL (TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand) is a very promising cytokine for cancer therapy. Contrary to current treatments, this protein is able to selectively kill cancer cells, whilst sparing healthy cells. TRAIL induces apoptosis following binding to one of its two different agonistic membrane receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. However, expression of one of its two antagonistic receptors, TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4, on cancer cells can impair cancer cell killing by TRAIL. We have shown that these receptors inhibit TRAIL-induced cell death differentially. As these receptors can represent a brake for the use of TRAIL in cancer therapy, we investigated the effect of the expression of one of them, TRAIL-R4 on the efficacy of the different therapeutic strategies associating TRAIL and conventional therapeutic drugs. We show that acquired resistance to TRAIL following expression of TRAIL-R4 can be overcome in vitro and in vivo by combining TRAIL with chemotherapeutic agents. From a molecular point of view, we could demonstrate that sensitization to TRAIL 1) occurs mainly through an increase of caspase-8 recruitment and activation within the TRAIL DISC, 2) is independent of the mitochondrial pathway and 3) is negatively regulated, in a cooperative manner by c-FLIP, a caspase-8 selective inhibitor. Interestingly, like agonistic receptors currently tested in clinic, small agonistic peptides targeting TRAIL-R2, engineered in collaboration with a team of chemists, afford cancer cell killing regardless of TRAIL-R4 expression, providing novel therapeutic perspectives. TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 should thus be considered as TRAIL inhibitors. Our results demonstrate however that strategies aiming at combining TRAIL with chemotherapeutic agents or the use of TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 agonists could be effective treatments to eradicate cancer cells that express TRAIL antagonistic receptors
Arruda, Jalsi Tacon. "Comparação entre dois protocolos para estimulação ovariana com agonista/antagonista do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) em mulheres submetidas ao primeiro ciclo de reprodução assistida." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3814.
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Infertility affects more couples and assisted reproduction techniques offer a possibility of treatment and the chance of having a child. Thus, the first attempt to ovulation induction is critical to the success of the cycle or even for future attempts is successful. Objective: To compare the protocols using GnRH agonist or antagonist for ovarian stimulation in normo-responders undergoing the first cycle of IVF/ICSI. Methods: we conducted a literature review on the history of ovulation induction controlled by medications. From the data available in the database of electronic medical records SISFERT used in the Laboratory of Human Reproduction (LabRep-HC-FM-UFG) a comparative retrospective observational study was conducted with 50 patients divided into two groups according to protocol: GnRH-agonist (leuprolide acetate 1 mg/day short protocol) or GnRHantagonist (Cetrorelix 0.25 mg/day), which received 150 IU/day of rFSH (follitropin alpha) and 250 µg of rhCG (alpha-coriogonadotrofina) in both groups. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the days of stimulation with rFSH, total dose of gonadotropin, days of use of GnRH, GnRH dose and total number of follicles (≥ 16 mm) on the day of the group rhCG GnRH agonist. There was no significant difference in other parameters, however, the number of oocytes retrieved was slightly higher in the GnRH agonist, but fertilization rate was higher in the GnRH-antagonist. Pregnancy rates and clinical chemistry were similar in both groups. Conclusions: although no significant differences in the results analyzed, the use of flexible antagonist protocol facilitates the handling and enables the patient using much lower doses of gonadotropins itself as the antagonist, reducing the cost of treatment when compared to the protocol with GnRH agonist.
A infertilidade afeta cada vez mais casais e as técnicas de reprodução assistida oferecem uma possibilidade de tratamento e a chance de ter um filho. Assim, a primeira tentativa de indução da ovulação é fundamental para o sucesso do ciclo ou, até mesmo, para que tentativas futuras sejam bem sucedidas. Objetivo: comparar os protocolos utilizando agonista ou antagonista do GnRH para estimulação ovariana em pacientes normo-respondedoras submetidas ao primeiro ciclo de FIV/ICSI. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre a história da indução da ovulação controlada por medicamentos. A partir dos dados disponíveis no banco de prontuários eletrônicos SISFERT utilizado pelo Laboratório de Reprodução Humana (LabRep–HC–FM–UFG), um estudo observacional retrospectivo comparativo foi conduzido com 50 pacientes distribuídas em dois grupos de acordo com o protocolo: GnRH-agonista (acetato de leuprolide 1 mg/dia protocolo curto) ou GnRH-antagonista (cetrorelix 0,25 mg/dia); e que receberam 150 UI/dia de rFSH (alfa-folitropina) e 250 µg de rhCG (alfa-coriogonadotrofina) em ambos os grupos. Resultados: foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos dias de estimulação com rFSH, dose total de gonadotrofina, dias de uso do GnRH, dose total de GnRH e o número de folículos (≥ 16 mm) no dia do rhCG no grupo GnRH-agonista. Não houve diferença significativa nos outros parâmetros, no entanto, o número de oócitos recuperados foi ligeiramente maior no grupo GnRH-agonista, mas a taxa de fertilização foi maior no grupo GnRH-antagonista. As taxas de gravidez química e clínica foram similares nos dois grupos. Conclusões: embora não tenha havido diferenças significativas nos resultados analisados, o uso do protocolo flexível com antagonista facilita a manipulação pela paciente usuária e possibilita doses menores tanto de gonadotrofinas quanto do próprio antagonista, reduzindo o custo do tratamento quando comparado ao protocolo com agonista do GnRH
Kalil, Luciana Mara Pinto. "Treinamento físico e freqüência cardíaca em ratos idosos: avaliação da freqüência cardíaca intrínseca e da modulação autonômica, do repouso ao exercício de intensidade progressiva escalonada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-17102014-111641/.
Full textWe studied the effect of exercise training on heart rate (HR), on intrinsic heart rate (IHR), on vagal effect (VE), on vagal tone (VT), on sympathetic effect (SE) and on sympathetic tone (ST) during both treadmill resting and exercise of progressive intensity (four 5-min stages at 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 m.min-1) in old rats. HR responses to crescent doses of ?-adrenergic (isoproterenol) and muscarinic (metacholine) agonists were also verified. We used 20 male Wistar rats randomly assigned to two groups: trained (T, 28+2 months, 460+36 g) and sedentary control (S, 28+2 months, 461+43 g) rats. T was submitted to a ten-week moderate intensity exercise training program, while S was just handled, three to five times a week, for nine weeks and submitted to five-min bouts of daily exercise during the tenth week for taming and to become accustomed to experimental environment. Double pharmacological blockades (propranolol/ methylatropine and methylatropine/propranolol) were performed in order to determine IHR. Autonomic influences on heart rate were evaluated using also unilateral autonomic pharmacological blockade, which allowed us to measure VE and VT as well as SE and ST. Definitions: VE = HR after atropine - control HR, SE = control HR - HR after propranolol, VT = IHR - HR after propranolol, ST = HR after atropine - IHR. HR was recorded on a beat-to-beat basis with a 500 Hz acquisition frequency (AT/CODAS). For statistical analysis we used two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements with contrast, considering a P<0.05 as statistically significant. T rats had lower HR as well as IHR than their sedentary counterparts both at rest and during all progressive exercise stages: HR = 296+6,T vs. 325+16,S; 374+33,T vs. 420+29,S; 380+39,T vs. 423+29,S; 407+46,T vs. 434+25,S; 441+48,T vs. 455+30,S, respectively; and IHR = 288+28,T vs. 312+18,S; 302+27,T vs. 332+24,S; 301+30,T vs. 339+26,S; 308+30,T vs. 344+30,S; 316+31,T vs. 348+31,S, respectively. Vagal activity was not significantly different between groups, either considering VE or VT. Sympathetic influence was also similar between S and T considering both SE and ST in all of the studied conditions. T and S responded similarly to both muscarinic and ?-adrenergic agonists. Both HR and IHR increased from rest to exercise and with increasing exercise intensity. Vagal activity decreased from rest to exercise but only in high intensity exercise. Sympathetic activity increased from rest to exercise and also with increasing exercise intensity. We concluded that in old rats: a) exercise training of moderate intensity led to resting bradycardia and attenuation of exercise tachycardia essentially due to the decrease in IHR; and b) independently from exercise training status, sympathetic stimulation contributed to HR increase from light to high intensity exercise while vagal withdrawal became important only at high intensity exercise
Ng, Yvonne. "Theoretical Study of Selective Human Melanocortin Receptors Agonists and Antagonists." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579324.
Full textLeclerc, Véronique. "Conception et synthese de nouveaux ligands melatoninergiques agonistes et antagonistes." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL2P267.
Full textDion, Stéphane. "Récepteurs des tachykinines. Caractérisation par les agonistes et les antagonistes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11677.
Full textGregoire, Meghan. "The Relationship Between Hamstring Strength and Agonist-Antagonist Co-Activation." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556791315939376.
Full textYan, Hongmei. "Stereoselective transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo and in vitro : pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of different 5-HT₁A receptor agonists and antagonists /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5280-9/.
Full textFrezza, Marine. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique d'analogues des acyl-homosérine-lactones et de la 4,5-dihydroxy-2, 3-pentanedione, des modulateurs du quorum sensing bactérien." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10098.
Full textBacteria communicate with each others in order to coordinate gene expression in response to their population density. This process is termed Quorum Sensing (QS) and depends on the production, release and detection of signal molecules called autoinducers (AI). Since, in pathogenic bacteria, QS regulates the production of virulence factors, QS inhibitors could be new anti-infective drugs alternative to traditional antibiotics. In this context we have synthesized two families of antagonists of acyl-homoserine-lactones (AHLs), the main AI in gram negative bacteria. We have also developed a new synthetic sequence to obtain the 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD), a precursor of two others AI. Finally, we have prepared a stable precursor of DPD as well as various analogues displaying agonist activities
Langenheim, John Fairbanks. "Development of novel prolactin and growth hormone receptor agonists and antagonists." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202499814/.
Full textPhilippsen, Christine [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung zentralnervöser Einflüsse von alpha2-adrenergen Agonisten und Antagonisten / Christine Philippsen." Trier : Universität Trier, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1197695656/34.
Full textSchmitz, Jens. "Synthese von Liganden muscarinerger Rezeptoren : Allostere Modulatoren, bivalente Agonisten und Antagonisten." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2008/2839/.
Full textMartinez, Villalpando Ernesto Carlos. "Design and evaluation of a biomimetic agonist-antagonist active knee prosthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76513.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-96).
The loss of a limb is extremely debilitating. Unfortunately, today's assistive technologies are still far from providing fully functional artificial limb replacements. Although lower extremity prostheses are currently better able to give assistance than their upper-extremity counterparts, important locomotion problems still remain for leg amputees. Instability, gait asymmetry, decreased walking speeds and high metabolic energy costs are some of the main challenges requiring the development of a new kind of prosthetic device. These challenges point to the need for highly versatile, fully integrated lower-extremity powered prostheses that can replicate the biological behavior of the intact human leg. This thesis presents the design and evaluation of a novel biomimetic active knee prosthesis capable of emulating intact knee biomechanics during level-ground walking. The knee design is motivated by a mono-articular prosthetic knee model comprised of a variable damper and two series elastic clutch units spanning the knee joint. The powered knee system is comprised of two series-elastic actuators positioned in parallel in an agonist-antagonist configuration. This investigation hypothesizes that the biomimetic active-knee prosthesis, with a variable impedance control, can improve unilateral transfemoral amputee locomotion in level-ground walking, reducing the metabolic cost of walking at selfselected speeds. To evaluate this hypothesis, a preliminary study investigated the clinical impact of the active knee prosthesis on the metabolic cost of walking of four unilateral above-knee amputees. This preliminary study compared the antagonistic active knee prosthesis with subjects' prescribed knee prostheses. The subjects' prescribed prostheses encompass four of the leading prosthetic knee technologies commercially available, including passive and electronically controlled variable-damping prosthetic systems. Use of the novel biomimetic active knee prosthesis resulted in a metabolic cost reduction for all four subjects by an average of 5.8%. Kinematic and kinetic analyses indicate that the active knee can increase self-selected walking speed in addition to reducing upper body vertical displacement during walking by an average of 16%. The results of this investigation report for the first time a metabolic cost reduction when walking with a prosthetic system comprised of an electrically powered active knee and passive foot-ankle prostheses, as compared to walking with a conventional transfemoral prosthesis. With this work I aim to advance the field of biomechatronics, contributing to the development of integral assistive technologies that adapt to the needs of the physically challenged.
by Ernesto Carlos Martinez-Villalpando.
Ph.D.
Chui, Daniel. "Action of CB1 and CB2 antagonists/inverse agonists on mantle cell lymphoma." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12279.
Full textSbaglia, Robert. "Molecular characteristics of agonists and antagonists of two G protein-coupled receptors /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18876.pdf.
Full textCota, Ana Márcia de Miranda [UNESP]. "Agonista versus antagonista do GnRH em ciclos de reprodução assistida: morfologia oocitária." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99221.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Na reprodução assistida, a seleção de gametas com o objetivo de alcançar melhores resultados clínicos é uma tarefa crucial dos embriologistas. A qualidade do oócito é um fator chave na fertilidade feminina, refletindo o potencial intrínseco de desenvolvimento do gameta, além de ter um papel crucial não só na fecundação, mas também no desenvolvimento embrionário subsequente. Após a desnudação, consegue-se definir a maturidade oocitária, com a identificação do primeiro corpúsculo polar, além de permitir a avaliação da morfologia oocitária, analisando as características da zona pelúcida, do espaço perivitelino e do citoplasma. Os dismorfismos oocitários são classificados em 2 tipos: citoplasmáticos, que incluem a presença de granulações e/ou de inclusões citoplasmáticas (vacúolos, corpos refrativos, agregados do retículo endoplasmático) e extracitoplasmáticos (alterações na forma do oócito, alterações na zona pelúcida, no espaço perivitelino e alterações do corpúsculo polar). Essas variações na morfologia oocitária podem ocorrer devido a fatores como idade da mulher, problemas genéticos e alterações no ambiente hormonal a que o oócito é exposto com a hiperestimulação ovariana. A classificação da morfologia oocitária, bem como sua correlação com o desenvolvimento embrionário e taxa de gravidez são bastante controversas na literatura. Vários estudos não demonstram nenhuma associação entre os dismorfismos oocitários e os resultados da fertilização in vitro, enquanto outros relatam uma associação entre a morfologia oocitária e desenvolvimento embrionário. Essas diferenças nos resultados podem ser explicadas devido a utilização de diferentes critérios morfológicos e devido...
The selection of developmentally competent human gametes may increase the efficiency of assisted reproduction. Spermatozoa and oocytes are usually assessed according to morphologic criteria. Oocyte morphology can be affected by the age of the female, genetic aspects, and factors related to controlled ovarian stimulation. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature concerning the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, either agonists or antagonists, on oocyte morphology. The aim of this randomized study was to investigate if the prevalence of oocyte dysmorphism is influenced by the type of pituitary suppression used in ovarian stimulation. A total of 64 patients at the first intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle, were prospectively randomized to receive treatment with either a GnRH agonist with a long-term protocol (n: 32) or a GnRH antagonist with a multi-dose protocol (n: 32). Before being subjected to ICSI, the oocytes at metaphase II from both groups were morphologically analyzed under an inverted light microscope at a 400x magnification. The oocytes were classified as follows: normal or with cytoplasmic dysmorphism, extracytoplasmic dysmorphism, or both. The resulting measure was the detection of dysmorphic oocytes among the total number of oocytes analyzed. Out of a total of 681 oocytes, 189 (27.8%) were morphologically normal, 220 (32.3%) showed cytoplasmic dysmorphism, 124 (18.2%) showed extracytoplasmic alterations, and 148 (21.7%) exhibited both types of dysmorphisms. No significant difference was observed in oocyte dysmorphisms between the agonist- and antagonisttreated groups (P>0.05). Analysis for each dysmorphism revealed that the most common conditions were alterations in polar body shape (31.3%) and presence of diffuse cytoplasmic granulations (22.8%), refractile bodies (18.5%) and central cytoplasmic... (Complete abstract click access electronic below)
Cota, Ana Márcia de Miranda. "Agonista versus antagonista do GnRH em ciclos de reprodução assistida : morfologia oocitária /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99221.
Full textCoorientador: Claudia Guilhermino Petersen
Banca: Mario Cavagna
Banca: Anice Maria Vieira de Camargo Martins
Resumo: Na reprodução assistida, a seleção de gametas com o objetivo de alcançar melhores resultados clínicos é uma tarefa crucial dos embriologistas. A qualidade do oócito é um fator chave na fertilidade feminina, refletindo o potencial intrínseco de desenvolvimento do gameta, além de ter um papel crucial não só na fecundação, mas também no desenvolvimento embrionário subsequente. Após a desnudação, consegue-se definir a maturidade oocitária, com a identificação do primeiro corpúsculo polar, além de permitir a avaliação da morfologia oocitária, analisando as características da zona pelúcida, do espaço perivitelino e do citoplasma. Os dismorfismos oocitários são classificados em 2 tipos: citoplasmáticos, que incluem a presença de granulações e/ou de inclusões citoplasmáticas (vacúolos, corpos refrativos, agregados do retículo endoplasmático) e extracitoplasmáticos (alterações na forma do oócito, alterações na zona pelúcida, no espaço perivitelino e alterações do corpúsculo polar). Essas variações na morfologia oocitária podem ocorrer devido a fatores como idade da mulher, problemas genéticos e alterações no ambiente hormonal a que o oócito é exposto com a hiperestimulação ovariana. A classificação da morfologia oocitária, bem como sua correlação com o desenvolvimento embrionário e taxa de gravidez são bastante controversas na literatura. Vários estudos não demonstram nenhuma associação entre os dismorfismos oocitários e os resultados da fertilização in vitro, enquanto outros relatam uma associação entre a morfologia oocitária e desenvolvimento embrionário. Essas diferenças nos resultados podem ser explicadas devido a utilização de diferentes critérios morfológicos e devido... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The selection of developmentally competent human gametes may increase the efficiency of assisted reproduction. Spermatozoa and oocytes are usually assessed according to morphologic criteria. Oocyte morphology can be affected by the age of the female, genetic aspects, and factors related to controlled ovarian stimulation. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature concerning the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, either agonists or antagonists, on oocyte morphology. The aim of this randomized study was to investigate if the prevalence of oocyte dysmorphism is influenced by the type of pituitary suppression used in ovarian stimulation. A total of 64 patients at the first intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle, were prospectively randomized to receive treatment with either a GnRH agonist with a long-term protocol (n: 32) or a GnRH antagonist with a multi-dose protocol (n: 32). Before being subjected to ICSI, the oocytes at metaphase II from both groups were morphologically analyzed under an inverted light microscope at a 400x magnification. The oocytes were classified as follows: normal or with cytoplasmic dysmorphism, extracytoplasmic dysmorphism, or both. The resulting measure was the detection of dysmorphic oocytes among the total number of oocytes analyzed. Out of a total of 681 oocytes, 189 (27.8%) were morphologically normal, 220 (32.3%) showed cytoplasmic dysmorphism, 124 (18.2%) showed extracytoplasmic alterations, and 148 (21.7%) exhibited both types of dysmorphisms. No significant difference was observed in oocyte dysmorphisms between the agonist- and antagonisttreated groups (P>0.05). Analysis for each dysmorphism revealed that the most common conditions were alterations in polar body shape (31.3%) and presence of diffuse cytoplasmic granulations (22.8%), refractile bodies (18.5%) and central cytoplasmic... (Complete abstract click access electronic below)
Mestre
Farooqui, Tahira. "Interaction of permanently charged dopaminergic agonists and antagonists with D? dopamine receptors /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487777901661456.
Full textRoger, Gaëlle. "Synthèse et radiosynthèse au carbone-11 et au fluor-18 de nouveaux ligands pour l'imagerie par tomographie d'émission de positons des systèmes de neurotransmission cholinergique et glutaminergique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112112.
Full textPositron emission tomography (PET) is a high-resolution, sensitive, molecular, and functional imaging technique. It permits repeated, noninvasive assessment and quantification of specific biological and pharmacological processes and is the most advanced technology currently available for studying in vivo molecular interactions. Radioligands labeled with the positron-emitters carbone-11 (half-life : 20. 4 minutes) or with fluorine-18 (half-life : 109. 8 minutes) have been developed in this thesis to image the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2B subunit (part one) or image the nAChR α4β2 subunit (part two) with PET. In the first part, two antagonists have been synthesized and labeled with carbone-11 : the 6-[3-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidino]propionyl]-3H-benzoxazol-2-[11C]one ([11C]EMD-95885) and the 5-[3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)prop-1-ynyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzo-imidazol-2-[11C]one. In the second part, four agonists have been synthesised and labeled with fluor-18 or with carbone-11 : the 2-exo-(2'-[18F]fluoro-3'-phenyl-pyridin-5'-yl)-7-azabicyclo[2. 2. 1]heptane, the 2-exo-(2'-[18F]fluoro-3'-(4-fluorophenyl)-pyridin-5'-yl)-7-azabicyclo[2. 2. 1]heptane, the (-)-9-(2-[18F]fluoropyridyl)cytisine and the {(R)-2-[6-chloro-5-((E)-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)-pyridin-3-yloxy]-1-methyl-ethyl}-[11C]methyl-amine. Pharmacological profile were assessed using biodistribution studies, brain radioactivity monitoring using intracerebral radiosensitive beta-microprobes in rat and finally brain PET imaging in non-humans primates
Clites, Tyler R. "An agonist-antagonist myoneural interface for proprioception from a neurally-controlled prosthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118023.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-94).
Humans have the ability to precisely sense the position, speed, and torque of their body parts. This sense is known as proprioception, and is essential to human motor control. In the many attempts to create human-mechatronic interactions, there is still no robust, repeatable methodology to reflect proprioceptive information from a synthetic device onto the nervous system. As a solution to this shortcoming, I present the agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI). The AMI is comprised of 1) a surgical construct made up of two muscle-tendons - an agonist and an antagonist - surgically connected in series so that contraction of one muscle stretches the other, and 2) a bi-directional efferent-afferent neural control architecture. The AMI preserves dynamic muscle relationships that exist within native anatomy, thereby allowing proprioceptive signals from biological sensors within both muscles to be communicated to the central nervous system. Each AMI is designed to send control signals to one joint of a prosthesis, and to provide proprioceptive feedback pertaining to the movement of that joint. The doctoral work presented in this thesis constitutes the pre-clinical and early clinical validation of the AMI. The AMI concept is first described and validated in small (murine) and large (caprine) pre-clinical models. A detailed surgical methodology for implementation of the AMI during primary below-knee amputation is then described and evaluated in three human patients. Characterization of independent neural control of prosthetic joint position and impedance is presented for one AMI patient, as compared to a group of four persons with traditional amputation. Data are shown evidencing improved volitional control over the prosthesis in the AMI patient, as well as an emergence of natural reflexive behaviors during stair ambulation that do not exist in the traditional amputation cohort. These results provide a framework for reconsidering the integration of bionic systems with human physiology.
by Tyler R. Clites.
Ph. D.
Aymonin, Christopher. "Design and Testing of an Agonist-Antagonist Position-Impedance Controlled Myoelectric Prosthesis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5901.
Full textDavies, David John. "The synthesis and biological evaluation of several series of melatonin agonists and antagonists." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321895.
Full textGies, Jean-Pierre. "Récepteurs muscariniques de l'acétylcholine caractérisation de la liaison des agonistes et des antagonistes /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605430m.
Full textWallinder, Charlotta. "Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Selective Nonpeptide AT2 Receptor Agonists and Antagonists." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9213.
Full textVoss, Söhnke. "Molecular investigations of agonists and antagonists of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
Find full textNAGAIN, CLAIRE. "Agonistes et antagonistes peptidiques derives de la cholecystokinine et secretion pancreatique du rat." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066253.
Full textFourmaintraux, Éric. "Conception et synthèse de ligands agonistes et antagonistes des récepteurs de la mélatonine." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10117.
Full text