Journal articles on the topic 'Aging Latinos'
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Cabrera, Laura Y. "LATINOS’ PERCEPTIONS AND CONCERNS ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1996.
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Abstract Several studies indicate that Latinos are at higher risk of developing Alzheimer Disease (AD). While research has centered on African-American/White or Latino/non-Latino differences, there exists heterogeneity within those groups. Clustering Latinos under a single group in AD resources, neglects cultural, biological and environmental differences. To address this complexity we examine perceptions and concerns about AD symptoms, diagnosis, and care among Mexicans and Puerto Ricans via six focus groups. A priori variables for thematic exploration include familiarity, cultural beliefs, trust, privacy, notions of identity and personhood. We use a pragmatic neuroethics framework as a lens to discuss and assess our findings and related implications. This will help address the multidimensional and multidirectional nature of knowledge and communication about diagnosis, treatments and nature of AD. These findings will help to identify differences and similarities among two distinct Latino groups, thereby contributing to scholarship in the fields of Latino’s health, aging, and neuroethics.
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Rote, Sunshine, Jacqueline Angel, and Fernando Torres-Gil. "Cognitive Aging in the United States and Mexico." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1903.
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Abstract The Latino population is rapidly aging, with the number of adults 65 and older expected to increase by more than six times to 17.5 million by 2050. Mexico’s population is also aging and will increase by 227 percent over the next 25 years. We focus on the consequences of rising longevity and increasing numbers of older Latinos living with dementia both in the U.S. and in Mexico. Providing cost-effective and appropriate services to aging Latinos with dementia will require a clear understanding of the intra-diversity among this group in different social and national circumstances. The purpose of this symposium is the understand how migration between and within countries and other social and health factors (e.g., diabetes) impact risk for cognitive impairment and dementia using three national datasets: the HRS, MHAS, and HEPESE. Four paper presentations and one discussant will examine several thematic issues as they relate to cognitive aging for Latinos, including: (1) cross-national estimates of dementia prevalence in Mexico and the U.S.; (2) the healthy immigrant effect and health convergence hypothesis for cognitive impairment for Latinos in the U.S. and Mexico; and (3) implications of these trends for long-term care service needs for Latinos living with dementia in the U.S. and Mexico. The resulting discussion will provide new empirical and theoretical insights on the determinants of cognitive aging for this population. It will also inform debates and aid in implementing innovative strategies and solutions to mitigate risk for impairment and improve dementia care for older Latinos.
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Garcia, Marc A., David F. Warner, and Catherine Garcia. "SOCIOCULTURAL VARIABILITY IN SELF-REPORTED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG OLDER LATINOS IN THE UNITED STATES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2167.
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Abstract Cognitive impairment is a major public health concern in the United States. Research indicates cognitive impairment is higher for older U.S. Latinos than non-Latino whites, due in part to Latinos having longer life expectancy, lower educational attainment, and a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prior studies on cognition have largely examined “Latinos” as a monolithic group. However, Latinos are heterogeneous in composition with unique socio-cultural characteristics based on nativity and country of origin. Accordingly, we used data from the 1997-2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to document age-specific trends in in self-reported cognitive impairment among US-born Mexican, foreign-born Mexican, island-born Puerto Rican, foreign-born Cuban, and non-Latino white adults aged 60 and older. Given the repeated cross-sectional nature of these data, we estimated hierarchical age period–cohort (HAPC) cross-classified random-effects model (CCREM) to isolate age trends in self-reported cognitive impairment across Latino subgroups and non-Latino whites. Results indicate significant heterogeneity among Latino subgroups, with island-born Puerto Ricans exhibiting the highest rates of cognitive impairment and foreign-born Cubans the lowest. Conversely, US-born and foreign-born Mexicans exhibited rates in between these two. All Latino subgroups statistically differed from non-Latino whites. Socio-demographic controls account for approximately 33%-45% of the disparity, but fully account for foreign-born Cubans and non-Latino whites differences. These findings indicate the importance of considering nativity and country of origin when assessing cognitive outcomes among older Latinos. Understanding minority and immigrant differences in cognitive impairment has implications for the development and implementation of culture-appropriate programs to promote healthy brain aging.
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Martinez-Miller, Erline E., Whitney R. Robinson, Christy L. Avery, Yang C. Yang, Mary N. Haan, Aric A. Prather, and Allison E. Aiello. "Longitudinal Associations of US Acculturation With Cognitive Performance, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia." American Journal of Epidemiology 189, no. 11 (May 22, 2020): 1292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa088.
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Abstract US Latinos, a growing, aging population, are disproportionately burdened by cognitive decline and dementia. Identification of modifiable risk factors is needed for interventions aimed at reducing risk. Broad sociocultural context may illuminate complex etiology among culturally diverse Latinos. Among 1,418 older (≥60 years), low–socioeconomic position (SEP) Latinos (predominantly of Mexican descent) in Sacramento, California, we examined whether US acculturation was associated with cognitive performance, cognitive decline, and dementia/ cognitive impairment without dementia over a 10-year period and whether education modified the associations (Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, 1998–2008). Analyses used linear mixed models, competing-risk regression, and inverse probability of censoring weights for attrition. Participants with high US acculturation had better cognitive performance (0.21 fewer cognitive errors at grand-mean-centered age 70 years) than those with low acculturation after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, practice effects, and survey language. Results may have been driven by cultural language use rather than identity factors (e.g., ethnic identity, interactions). Rate of cognitive decline and risk of dementia/cognitive impairment without dementia did not differ by acculturation, regardless of education (β = 0.00 (standard error, 0.00) and hazard ratio = 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.49, 1.35), respectively). High US acculturation was associated with better cognitive performance among these older, low-SEP Latinos. Acculturation may benefit cognition when SEP is low. Future studies should incorporate extended longitudinal assessments among more diverse groups.
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Posis, Alexander Ivan B., Wassim Tarraf, Kevin A. Gonzalez, Jose A. Soria-Lopez, Gabriel C. Léger, Ariana M. Stickel, Martha L. Daviglus, Melissa Lamar, Donglin Zeng, and Hector M. González. "Anticholinergic Drug Burden and Neurocognitive Performance in the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 86, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215247.
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Background: Studies of cumulative anticholinergic drug burden on cognitive function and impairment are emerging, yet few for Hispanics/Latinos. Objective: To examine associations between anticholinergic use and neurocognitive performance outcomes among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: This prospective cohort study included diverse Hispanic/Latino participants, enrolled in the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive, from New York, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego (n = 6,249). Survey linear regression examined associations between anticholinergic use (measured during baseline [Visit 1] and average 7-year follow up [Visit 2]) with global cognition, episodic learning, memory, phonemic fluency, processing speed, executive functioning, and average 7-year change. Results: Anticholinergic use was associated with lower cognitive global cognition (β= –0.21; 95% CI [–0.36; –0.05]), learning (β= –0.27; 95% CI [–0.47; –0.07]), memory (β= –0.22; 95% CI [–0.41; –0.03]), and executive functioning (β= –0.22; 95% CI [–0.40; –0.03]) scores, particularly among those who took anticholinergics at both visits. Anticholinergic use was associated with faster decline in global cognition, learning, and verbal fluency (β: –0.28 [95% CI: –0.55, –0.01]; β: –0.28 [95% CI: –0.55, –0.01]; β: –0.25, [95% CI –0.47, –0.04], respectively). Sex modified associations between anticholinergic use with global cognition, learning, and executive functioning (F3 = 3.59, F3 = 2.84, F3 = 3.88, respectively). Conclusion: Anticholinergic use was associated with lower neurocognitive performance, especially among those who used anticholinergics at both visits, among a study population of diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Findings will support evidence-based decisions regarding anticholinergic prescriptions and efforts to minimize cognitive impact.
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Stickel, Ariana M., Wassim Tarraf, Benson Wu, Maria J. Marquine, Priscilla M. Vásquez, Martha Daviglus, Mayra L. Estrella, et al. "Cognition and Daily Functioning: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (SOL) and Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 77, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 1267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200502.
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Background: Among older adults, poorer cognitive functioning has been associated with impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, IADL impairments among older Hispanics/Latinos is poorly understood. Objective: To characterize the relationships between cognition and risk for IADL impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: Participants included 6,292 community-dwelling adults from the Study of Latinos - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging, an ancillary study of 45+ year-olds in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Cognitive data (learning, memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and a Global cognitive composite) were collected at Visit 1. IADL functioning was self-reported 7 years later, and treated as a categorical (i.e., risk) and continuous (i.e., degree) measures of impairment. Survey two-part models (mixture of logit and generalized linear model with Gaussian distribution) and ordered logistic regression tested the associations of cognitive performance (individual tests and composite z-score) with IADL impairment. Additionally, we investigated the moderating role of age, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background on the association between cognition and IADL impairment. Results: Across all cognitive measures, poorer performance was associated with higher odds of IADL impairment 7 years later. Associations were generally stronger for the oldest group (70+ years) relative to the youngest group (50–59 years). Sex and Hispanic/Latino background did not modify the associations. Across the full sample, lower scores on learning, memory, and the Global cognitive composite were also associated with higher degree of IADL impairment. Conclusion: Across diverse Hispanics/Latinos, cognitive health is an important predictor of everyday functioning 7 years later, especially in older adulthood.
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Garcia, Marlen, Alejandra Morlett Paredes, Dilip Jeste, Alison Moore, and Maria J. Marquine. "Successful Aging Among Older Hispanics." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 917–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3370.
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Abstract Successful Aging has been defined as the absence of objective physical, cognitive, and social difficulties. More recently, self-rated successful aging (SRSA) has been recognized as an important outcome in its own right. The purpose of this study was to assess SRSA and its correlates among older Hispanics/Latinos. Seventy-four Hispanic/Latino adults age 50+ (31.9% primarily Spanish-speaking; 62.5% women, mean age=69.6±12.2, mean years of education=14.3±3.3) completed a measure of SRSA (scaled from 1 [lowest] to 10 [highest]), and self-report measures of hypothesized correlates, including culturally-relevant factors (language use, acculturation, fatalism, familism, perceived discrimination and frame of reference), as well as physical (perception of physical health and physical performance), cognitive (perception of cognitive problems), and psychosocial correlates (social functioning and resilience). Fifty-five percent of the participants reported SRSA of 8 or above (mean=7.99±, range: 3-10). Factors that were significantly associated with SRSA in univariable models, were entered into a multiple linear regression on SRSA. The final multivariable model explained 58.5% of the variance on SRSA (F(3,54)=27.8, p<.001) and showed that social functioning (B=.21; p=.031), resilience (B=.34; p=.002), and perception of physical health (scaled from 1 [highest] to 5 [lowest]), (B=-.43; p<.001) were independent predictors of SRSA. Culturally-relevant factors were not independently associated with SRSA in the multivariable model. While future longitudinal studies would be better suited to address causality, the present cross-sectional findings indicate psychosocial correlates of SRSA are as important as physical correlates among older Latinos. Future studies might examine whether culturally relevant factors modify these associations.
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Wilson, Robert S., Ana W. Capuano, David X. Marquez, Priscilla Amofa, Lisa L. Barnes, and David A. Bennett. "Change in Cognitive Abilities in Older Latinos." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, no. 1 (November 10, 2015): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715001058.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare patterns of cognitive decline in older Latinos and non-Latinos. At annual intervals for a mean of 5.7 years, older Latino (n=104) and non-Latino (n=104) persons of equivalent age, education, and race completed a battery of 17 cognitive tests from which previously established composite measures of episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability were derived. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, and education, performance declined over time in each cognitive domain, but there were no ethnic group differences in initial level of function or annual rate of decline. There was evidence of retest learning following the baseline evaluation, but neither the magnitude nor duration of the effect was related to Latino ethnicity, and eliminating the first two evaluations, during which much of retest learning occurred, did not affect ethnic group comparisons. Compared to the non-Latino group, the Latino group had more diabetes (38.5% vs. 25.0; χ2[1]=4.4; p=.037), fewer histories of smoking (24.0% vs. 39.4%, χ2[1]=5.7; p=.017), and lower childhood household socioeconomic level (−0.410 vs. −0.045, t[185.0]=3.1; p=.002), but controlling for these factors did not affect results. Trajectories of cognitive aging in different abilities are similar in Latino and non-Latino individuals of equivalent age, education, and race. (JINS, 2016, 22, 58–65)
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Smith, Jennifer, Cate O’Brien, and Joseph Bihary. "Relative Importance of Positive Aging Dimensions Among Latino Older Adults and Service Providers." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1100.
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Abstract The variation in Latino older adults’ conceptualizations of positive aging across studies suggests greater attention should be paid to within-group factors. The purpose of the current study was to identify which factors are important to positive aging from the perspective of Latino older adults, and whether the importance of these factors varied based on participant characteristics. A second aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in views of successful aging between Latino older adults and service providers who support aging Latinos. The current study was conducted as part of a broader research project investigating Latino older adults’ perceptions of positive aging. Latino older adults (n = 93) and aging services providers (n = 45) rated the importance of a series of statements related to positive aging. Mixed-methods analysis of the statements identified nine distinct dimensions (Positive Outlook, Spirituality/Religion, Healthy Behaviors, Independence, Self-Care, Support for Others, Social Support, Leisure Activities, and Adaptability). Latino older adults rated Positive Outlook and Spirituality highest on importance, and ratings differed based on gender and other individual difference characteristics. For example, men placed greater relative importance on Independence and Support for Others compared to women, and younger participants rated Independence higher on importance compared to older participants. In addition, Latino older adults (vs. providers) placed greater importance on all aspects of positive aging, with greatest mean differences related to providing Support for Others and Spirituality. These findings have implications for wellness programs for Latino older adults and training for service providers.
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Loucky, James. "The Burden of Support: Young Latinos in an Aging Society:The Burden of Support: Young Latinos in an Aging Society." Latin American Anthropology Review 5, no. 1 (March 1993): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlat.1993.5.1.24.2.
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Garcia, Marc, Kasim Ortiz, Chi-Tsun Chui, Brian Downer, and David Warner. "Heterogeneity in Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment Life Expectancies Among Older Latino Subgroups in the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2076.
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Abstract Research suggests the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older U.S. Latinos is increasing relative to the older U.S. population which has experienced and overall decline. This has been attributed in part to extended longevity, lower educational attainment, and a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease among older Latinos. However, less is known regarding the number of years and proportion of late life spent with self-reported cognitive impairment among this rapidly aging group and whether cognitive impairment life expectancy outcomes vary across U.S. Latino subgroups by country of origin. To fill this gap, our investigation uses data from the National Health Interview Survey (1997-2015) to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of cognitively normal and cognitively impaired life expectancies for adults 50 years and older. Results indicate significant heterogeneity among Latinos, with island-born Puerto Rican women spending the most years, and foreign-born Cuban men the fewest years lived with self-reported cognitive impairment.
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Ramos, Alberto, Kevin Gonzalez, Wassim Tarraf, Susan Redline, Sanjay Patel, Ariana Stickel, Christian Agudelo, et al. "0322 sleep disordered breathing and MRI makers of brain aging in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.320.
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Abstract Introduction We aim to determine if white matter hyperintensities and decreased brain volumes are associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), in a diverse sample of middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods Our sample of 1,119 Hispanics/Latinos (ages older than 50-years; 70% female) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of the Study of Latinos - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging MRI (SOL-INCA MRI) ancillary study. MRI outcomes of interest included global (gray matter, total brain) and regional (lobar cortices, hippocampus) brain volumes, lateral ventricle volume, and total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. All MRI measures were residualized for total cranial volume. Our main exposure was visit-1 sleep data (2008-2011), which includes information about SDB defined with the respiratory event index 3% (REI), ≥5 and ≥15 (moderate-severe SDB) identified by home-sleep apnea test. Survey linear regression models to assess the association between sleep measures and MRI outcomes adjusted for age, sex, education, Hispanic/Latino background, body mass index, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and physical activity factors and accounted for HCHS/SOL complex study design. We tested for effect modifications by age, sex and Hispanic/Latino background. Results Mean age was 63.9±7.0 years. Adjusting for age, sex, and education, individuals with a REI ≥15 (vs. <5) had decrements in total brain volume (Btotal=-6.115[-10.19 ; -2.04]; p<0.01), total gray matter volume(B= -3.702 [-6.7 ; -0.7]; p<0.05), and frontal cortical gray matter volume (B= -1.844[-3.48; -0.21]; p<0.05), and increments in hippocampal volume β= 0.138[0.04; 0.23]; p<0.01). The associations persisted after adjustment for Hispanic/Latino background and behavioral risk factors. Older age modified associations between the REI and age and total brain volumes (Bage*REI=-0.019[-0.04 ;~0.00]; p<0.05). There was no consistent evidence for effect moderation by sex or Hispanic/Latino background. Conclusion In a diverse sample of Hispanic/Latinos, moderate-severe SDB was associated with decreased total brain volumes and increments in hippocampal volumes. Our findings suggest that SDB related neuroimaging markers of brain health could serve to identify Hispanic/Latino participants with sleep related Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia risk. Support (If Any) This work is supported by National Institute on Aging (R01AG048642, RF1AG054548, and R01AG063868) and by the National Heart Lung Blood Institute (R01HL098297). Dr. González also receives additional support from P30AG59299. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos was carried out as a collaborative study supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to the University of North Carolina (N01-philip glass beck HC65233), University of Miami (N01-HC65234), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (N01-HC65235), Northwestern University (N01-HC65236), and San Diego State University (N01-HC65237). The following Institutes/Centers/Offices contribute to the HCHS/SOL through a transfer of funds to the NHLBI: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH Institution-Office of Dietary Supplements.
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Hilton, Jeanne M., and Stephen L. Child. "Spirituality and the Successful Aging of Older Latinos." Counseling and Values 59, no. 1 (April 2014): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2014.00039.x.
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Bishop, Nicholas, Steven Haas, and Ana Quiñones. "COHORT EFFECTS IN MULTIMORBIDITY AMONG OLDER US ADULTS: DIFFERENCES BY RACE/ETHNICITY AND NATIVITY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.045.
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Abstract Multimorbidity (≥ 2 co-occurring chronic health conditions) affects > 50% of US adults aged 65 and older. Building on emerging work suggesting greater risk of multimorbidity in more recent cohorts of aging Americans, we examine heterogeneity in cohort-patterns of multimorbidity by race/ethnicity and nativity. Observations were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2018) including adults aged 51 and older across 7 birth cohorts (born < 1924, 1924–1930, 1931–1941, 1942–1947, 1948–1953, 1954–1959, and 1960–1965). Multimorbidity was measured using a sum of 9 possible chronic conditions (heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, lung disease, cancer, high depressive symptomatology, and cognitive impairment). Linear mixed models adjusting for age, period, and cohort effects tested whether cohort-specific multimorbidity risk varied for US-born White, US-born Black/African American, US-born Hispanic/Latino, and foreign-born Hispanic/Latino older adults. 30,607 adults contributed 158,727 total observations, grand mean age was 65.40 (SD=10.07), and mean multimorbidity was 2.18 (SD=1.60). US-born Black/African Americans had the greatest multimorbidity burden regardless of cohort. US-born Hispanic/Latinos experienced the highest cohort-related increases in multimorbidity, followed by US-born Black/African Americans. For example, compared to US-born Hispanic/Latinos born 1931–1941, US-born Hispanic/Latinos born 1954–1959 had 1.03 (CI: 0.78;1.28) more expected chronic conditions. Foreign-born Hispanic/Latinos had the smallest cohort-related increases in multimorbidity. Our results document heterogeneity in rising rates of multimorbidity across cohorts, suggest that US-born minority adults in Baby Boom cohorts may be at especially high risk of multimorbidity, and confirm protective effects of immigrant status among Hispanic/Latino older adults.
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Zahodne, Laura, and Cerise Elliott. "Patterns and Predictors of ADRD Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2075.
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Abstract This symposium addresses issues surrounding Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) across multiple racial/ethnic minority groups, including African Americans, Latinos, and Arab Americans. Using US national data, Kindratt and colleagues challenge the universality of the healthy migrant effect by comparing patterns of cognitive disability across US- and foreign-born Arab Americans. Arab Americans represent an increasingly visible ethnic minority group whose unique history has the potential to clarify knowledge about sociocultural influences on ADRD. Also using US national data, Garcia and colleagues examine within-group heterogeneity among Latinos. They conclude that the number of years and proportion of life spent with and without subjective cognitive impairment differ as a function of ancestry and nativity. Using data from two local communities, Diminich and colleagues investigate mechanisms underlying ADRD risk among Latinos by considering both stress responding and plasma-based AD biomarkers as predictors of Latino cognitive health. Lee and colleagues focus on social relationships and cognitive aging in a diverse, national cohort. They suggest that the quality of social support from social network members may uniquely affect the cognitive functioning of African Americans older adults. Finally, Cerise Elliott from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) will offer perspectives on how racial/ethnic minority group focused research can advance NIA’s goals related to understanding and eliminating ADRD inequalities. In total, this symposium highlights the need to disaggregate racial/ethnic groups, as well as the importance of incorporating both individual and contextual factors in order to fully understand patterns of ADRD risk and resilience.
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Stickel, Ariana M., Wassim Tarraf, Kevin A. Gonzalez, Carmen R. Isasi, Robert Kaplan, Linda C. Gallo, Donglin Zeng, et al. "Central Obesity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Cognitive Change in the Study of Latinos – Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 1203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210314.
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Background: The relationships between obesity and cognitive decline in aging are mixed and understudied among Hispanics/Latinos. Objective: To understand associations between central obesity, cognitive aging, and the role of concomitant cardiometabolic abnormalities among Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: Participants included 6,377 diverse Hispanics/Latinos enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and SOL-Investigation for Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). Participants were 45 years and older at the first cognitive testing session (Visit 1). Cognitive outcomes (z-score units) included global composite and domain specific (learning, memory, executive functioning, processing speed) measures at a second visit (SOL-INCA, on average, 7 years later), and 7-year change. We used survey linear regression to examine associations between central obesity (waist circumference≥88 cm and≥102 cm for women and men, respectively) and cognition. We also tested whether the relationships between obesity and cognition differed by cardiometabolic status (indication of/treatment for 2 + of the following: high triglycerides, hypertension, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Results: Central obesity was largely unassociated with cognitive outcomes, adjusting for covariates. However, among individuals with central obesity, cardiometabolic abnormality was linked to poorer cognitive function at SOL-INCA (ΔGlobalCognition =–0.165, p < 0.001) and to more pronounced cognitive declines over the average 7 years (ΔGlobalCognition = –0.109, p < 0.05); this was consistent across cognitive domains. Conclusion: Central obesity alone was not associated with cognitive function. However, presence of both central obesity and cardiometabolic abnormalities was robustly predictive of cognition and 7-year cognitive declines, suggesting that in combination these factors may alter the cognitive trajectories of middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.
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Piedra, Lissette M., Melissa Howe, John Ridings, Yadira Montoya, and Kendon Conrad. "TóMALO SUAVE (TAKE IT EASY): HOW LATINO OLDER ADULTS PERCEIVE OF POSITIVE AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2623.
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Abstract With the help of the Positive Aging of Latinos Study (PALS) steering committee (N = 20), we used concept-mapping methods to learn what Latino older adults (N = 101) consider important for aging well, positively, and successfully. We used data from nine focus groups (six Spanish, three English) to generate an unabridged list of 171 statements that described what positive and successful aging meant to participants. The PALS steering committee reviewed the statements, assisted with the translation and back translation of items in Spanish, eliminated vague and duplicate statements, and approved a final list of 85 statements. Next, Latino older adults thematically sorted (n = 35) and rated (n = 93) the 85 statements (using a 1-5 scale; higher values indicate greater importance). These data were used to produce a concept map for how participants conceptualized positive and successful aging. The final map consisted of 11 clusters nested within 4 overarching regions. Region 1 [Self-Sufficiency] contains clusters of items which address “Stability” and “Independence.” Region 2 [Healthy Behaviors] includes clusters with items related to “Staying Healthy” and “Avoiding Trouble.” Region 3 [Perspectives on Life] encompasses four clusters of items that address mindsets: “Tómalo Suave (Take it Easy),” “Outlook on Life/Self-Care,” “Emotional Well-being,” and “Maturing.” Region 4 [Convivir (To coexist)] features indictors of interrelatedness such as “Social & Community Engagement,” “Coping & Adjustment,” and “Family Relationships.” These findings provide insights into how Latino older adults conceive of positive aging, which could be useful when designing culturally sensitive programming for Latino seniors.
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Meier, Helen, Kelly Bakulski, and Allison Aiello. "METALS EXPOSURE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN LATINO ELDERS: RESULTS FROM THE SACRAMENTO AREA LATINO STUDY ON AGING." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.872.
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Abstract Latinos have a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and clinical presentation could take place 7 years earlier, on average, than non-Hispanic whites. This health disparity will likely intensify as the US Latino population over 65 years is predicted to grow from 4 million in 2016 to 19.9 million in 2060. Environmental exposures, such as metals, are of interest as contextual factors contributing to ADRD due to their known neurotoxic effects, particularly in early life. Using data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, we examined the association between blood concentrations of five metals and cognitive outcomes. We hypothesized that Latino elders with higher concentrations of non-essential metals will have greater cognitive decline than those with lower concentrations of non-essential metals. Initial results suggest non-essential blood metal levels are not sociodemographically patterned in SALSA participants. Higher lead and mercury concentrations was associated with cognitive decline.
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Halloway, Shannon, JoEllen Wilbur, Michael E. Schoeny, and Lisa L. Barnes. "The Relation Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Change in Older Latinos." Biological Research For Nursing 19, no. 5 (June 29, 2017): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800417715115.
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Cognitive impairment in older Latinos is of concern due to the rapid growth of this population and their increased risk for dementia due to chronic disease. Evidence, primarily from studies of non-Latino Whites, suggests that physical activity (PA) may reduce cognitive decline. Few longitudinal studies have included older Latinos, objective measures of PA, or neurocognitive tests that assess domains of cognition. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to explore the relationship between changes in PA and cognitive decline in older Latinos over an average of 5 years. Inclusion criteria for the baseline sample were age ≥50 years, Latino ethnicity (English or Spanish speaking), no ambulation disability, no evidence of dementia, and Chicago address. Of the 174 baseline participants, 59 (33.9%) participated at follow-up. PA was measured by questionnaire and accelerometer worn for 7 days. A battery of neurocognitive tests assessed episodic memory, perceptual speed, and semantic memory. Change in cognitive function was dichotomized to maintenance versus decline. Binary logistic regression results indicated that those who had less decline from baseline to follow-up in self-reported light PA maintained episodic memory, odds ratio ( OR) = 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03, 1.32]), while those who had less decline in accelerometer moderate–vigorous bouts maintained semantic memory, OR = 16.08 (95% CI [1.53, 168.89]), controlling for baseline age, chronic health problems, depressive symptoms, and acculturation. These findings suggest that maintenance of PA with aging may prevent cognitive decline. This work can inform future intervention development that aims to maintain PA in order to prevent cognitive decline.
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Rozario, Philip A., Emily Greenfield, and Nancy Kusmaul. "PRESIDENTIAL SYMPOSIUM: HARNESSING SOCIAL NETWORKS TO OPTIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS FOR DIVERSE AGING EXPERIENCES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2163.
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Abstract Social networks provide opportunities for engagement with others and structure the receipt and provision of emotional, instrumental, informational and appraisal support. Indeed scholars in this field have documented the importance of having strong social networks in influencing older adults’ well-being and quality of life. The three papers in this symposium draw on the convoy model of social relations and ecological model to examine and better understand the micro, mezzo, macro contexts that shape and influence how older people engage with and benefit from their networks in three areas: low-income senior housing communities, urban areas specifically targeting older Latinos with dementia, and disaster preparedness in micropolitan counties in eastern Iowa. The first paper, a cross-sectional study focusing on social connections in senior housing communities, examines levels of social networks, engagement, support and loneliness and their relationship with well-being outcomes. The second paper, a community-based participatory research project, reports an intervention that seeks to train natural helpers in a predominantly Latino urban neighborhood to identify and refer older Latinos with dementia to bilingual assessment services. The third paper, synthesizing findings from interventions targeting network building at the individual and state levels as well as a community-based network analysis, presents ways to strengthen networks at the mezzo and macro levels as well as environmental contexts that enable better disaster preparedness for community-based older adults. These papers will consider practice, policy and research implications in strengthening social networks and engagement to optimize older adults’ well-being in various settings.
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Simanek, Amanda M., Cheng Zheng, Robert Yolken, Mary Haan, and Allison E. Aiello. "A Longitudinal Study of the Association Between Persistent Pathogens and Incident Depression Among Older U.S. Latinos." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 5 (July 31, 2018): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly172.
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Abstract Depression is estimated to affect more than 6.5 million Americans 65 years of age and older and compared with non-Latino whites older U.S. Latinos have a greater incidence and severity of depression, warranting further investigation of novel risk factors for depression onset among this population. We used data on 771/1,789 individuals ≥60 years of age from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (1998–2008) who were tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster, Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level. Among those without elevated depressive symptoms at baseline, we examined the association between each pathogen, inflammatory markers and incident depression over up to nearly 10 years of follow-up using discrete-time logistic regression. We found that only CMV seropositivity was statistically significantly associated with increased odds of incident depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.90) in the total sample as well as among women only (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01–2.86). These associations were not mediated by CRP or IL-6 levels. Our findings suggest that CMV seropositivity may serve as an important risk factor for the onset of depression among older U.S. Latinos, but act outside of inflammatory pathways.
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Solorzano, Daniel G., David E. Hayes-Bautista, Werner O. Schink, and Jorge Chapa. "The Burden of Support: Young Latinos in an Aging Society." Contemporary Sociology 18, no. 4 (July 1989): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073054.
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Loucky, James. "The Burden of Support: Young Latinos in an Aging Society." Latin American Anthropology Review 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlca.1993.5.1.24.2.
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Ro, Annie, Jennifer Van Hook, and Katrina M. Walsemann. "Undocumented Older Latino Immigrants in the United States: Population Projections and Share of Older Undocumented Latinos by Health Insurance Coverage and Chronic Health Conditions, 2018–2038." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 77, no. 2 (October 13, 2021): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab189.
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Abstract Objectives This article focuses on the older Latino undocumented population and anticipates how their current demographic characteristics and health insurance coverage might affect future population size and health insurance trends. Methods We use the 2013–2018 American Community Survey as a baseline to project growth in the Latino 55 and older undocumented population over the next 20 years. We use the cohort component method to estimate population size across different migration scenarios and distinguish between aging in place and new immigration. We also examine contemporary health insurance coverage and chronic health conditions among 55 and older undocumented Latinos from the 2003–2014 California Health Interview Survey. We then project health insurance rates in 2038 among Latino immigrants under different migration and policy scenarios. Results If current mortality, migration, and policy trends continue, projections estimate that 40% of undocumented Latino immigrants will be 55 years or older by 2038—nearly all of whom will have aged in place. Currently, 40% of older Latino undocumented immigrants do not have insurance. Without policies that increase access to insurance, projections estimate that the share who are uninsured among all older Latinos immigrants will rise from 15% to 21%, and the share who is both uninsured and living with a chronic health condition will rise from 5% to 9%. Discussion Without access to health care, older undocumented immigrants may experience delayed care and more severe morbidity. Our projections highlight the need to develop and enact policies that can address impending health access concerns for an increasingly older undocumented Latino population.
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Gonzalez, Kevin, Wassim Tarraf, Ariana Stickel, Sonya Kaur, Christian Agudelo, Jianwen Cai, Linda Gallo, et al. "0324 sleep duration and brain MRI biomarkers: results from SOL-INCA MRI study." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.322.
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Abstract Introduction Long and short sleep have been associated with stroke and dementia. Sleep patterns may differ by sex and Hispanic/Latino background. Within Hispanics/Latinos heterogeneity in sleep outcomes exists and is understudied. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sleep duration and MRI biomarkers of brain health. Methods SOL-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) MRI study is an ongoing ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Our analytic sample consisted of 1,103 adults 50-years and older from diverse Hispanics/Latino backgrounds that completed baseline sleep assessments (2008-2011) and underwent neuroimaging (2018-ongoing; Mean age 64 ±6.9 years). The main exposures were baseline self-reported average nightly sleep duration. Outcomes included brain volume measures residualized for cranial volume (e.g. total brain, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensities). Brain outcomes were modeled, using regression techniques, as a function of sleep duration and adjusting for age, sex, education, Hispanic/Latino background, language use, self-reported cardiovascular events, BMI, depressive symptoms, Apena/Hypopena index and self-reported sleep quality. Results Mean sleep duration was 7.7 ± 1.36 hours, and 13.2% reported sleeping >9 hours. Increasing sleep duration was associated with smaller total brain (Btotal_brain -1.32 [-2.33 ; -0.32], p<0.05) per hour increment and larger lateral ventricle volumes (Blateral_ventricle=0.02 [~0.00; 0.04], p<0.05) after adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, cardio-vascular and sleep quality characteristics. The associations were not modified by sex or Hispanic/Latino background. Conclusion We found that increments in sleep duration was associated with lower total brain volume and larger ventricle size, MRI measures that could associate with increased dementia-risk in diverse Hispanic/Latino adults. Support (If Any) This work is supported by National Institute on Aging (R01AG048642, RF1AG054548, and R01AG063868) and by the National Heart Lung Blood Institute (R01HL098297). Dr. González also receives additional support from P30AG59299. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos was carried out as a collaborative study supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to the University of North Carolina (N01-philip glass beck HC65233), University of Miami (N01-HC65234), Albert Einstein College of Medicine (N01-HC65235), Northwestern University (N01-HC65236), and San Diego State University (N01-HC65237). The following Institutes/Centers/Offices contribute to the HCHS/SOL through a transfer of funds to the NHLBI: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH Institution-Office of Dietary Supplements.
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Ajrouch, Kristine, Toni Antonucci, and Damali Martin. "REIMAGINING ADRD IN CONTEXT." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.869.
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Abstract This symposium embraces diversity and discovery to address contextual issues in aging, specifically issues of race and ethnicity in the study of cognitive health and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD). Rooks and colleagues compare dementia risk among African American and White men and women in the context of work using the longitudinal Health, Aging, and Body Composition data. They consider the effects of productive activities on dementia risk in gender stratified models, adjusting for socio-demographic and genetic factors. Siddiq and colleagues consider the contexts of migration. Using a multi-method approach, they establish priorities for interventions addressing ADRD risk among older adult immigrants and refugees from Afghanistan and the Middle-East and North Africa (MENA) in California. Sayed also investigates the context of migration, and uses qualitative data (N=31) to identify the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on cognitive aging in Middle Eastern/Arab Americans immigrants and refugees in Michigan. Finally, Meier and colleagues consider contexts of metal exposure for cognitive decline among Latinos aged 65 and older using the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. In total, this symposium highlights the benefits of reimagining contextual factors that influence ADRD to improve our understanding and the potential to reduce health disparities research in underrepresented racial and ethnic populations.
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Hilton, Jeanne M., Carlene A. Gonzalez, Mahasin Saleh, Robyn Maitoza, and Linda Anngela-Cole. "Perceptions of Successful Aging among Older Latinos, in Cross-Cultural Context." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 27, no. 3 (July 13, 2012): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-012-9171-4.
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Howe, Melissa, Alexis Howard, Wendy Hsieh, and Lissette M. Piedra. "UNIMAGINED FUTURES: THE PARADOX OF FAMILISM AND ELDERCARE AMONG AGING LATINOS IN THE CHICAGOLAND AREA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2624.
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Abstract Scholars of gerontology highlight the ways aging varies cross-culturally. Whereas North Americans tend to describe “successful aging” as the maintenance of social and physical independence, Latin Americans tend to view aging as a natural process of social transition. In this study, we conducted a content analysis of nine focus groups (N =101) and 20 interviews with Latino older adults in the Chicagoland area to examine how they characterize successful aging and view the health declines that accompany aging. We found that Latino older adults often used rhetoric associated with “successful aging,” which tended to emphasize the maintenance of independence and physical functioning. Even immigrant respondents employed this language, suggesting that descriptions of “good old age,” may be more culturally transferable than previously thought. At the same time, the cultural values of respeto and familismo also emerged. Regardless of the participant’s nativity status, centrality of family and the importance of respect represented constant sources of support. Still, adherence to these values came with considerable drawbacks for those intensely focused on self-sacrifice for the sake of their families. Taken together, “successful old age” was defined by the participants as one in which a person maintains physical independence in the context of an interdependent, kin-focused, social life. This paradoxical combination of valuing independence and familial interdependence produced a number of benefits and challenges for Latino adults as they transitioned into to older adulthood.
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González, Hector M., Wassim Tarraf, Neil Schneiderman, Myriam Fornage, Priscilla M. Vásquez, Donglin Zeng, Marston Youngblood, et al. "Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results." Alzheimer's & Dementia 15, no. 12 (November 18, 2019): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.202.
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Yaffe, Kristine, Mary Haan, Terri Blackwell, Elena Cherkasova, Rachel A. Whitmer, and Nancy West. "Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Latinos: Findings from the Sacramento Area Latino Study of Aging Study." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 5 (May 2007): 758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01139.x.
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George, Kristen M., Rachel L. Peterson, Paola Gilsanz, Dan M. Mungas, M. Maria Glymour, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, and Rachel A. Whitmer. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Sleep Quality among Older Adults: Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) Study." Ethnicity & Disease 30, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.3.469.
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Background: We assessed cross-sectional differences in sleep quality and risk factors among Asian, Black, Latino, and White participants in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) Study.Methods: KHANDLE enrolled community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years living in northern California. Participants completed a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to measure six sleep components and a global sleep score (scored 0-24). Covariates included age, sex, central adiposity, education, income, alcohol consumption, ever smoking, physical activity, and depression. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model sleep component scores across race/ ethnic groups. Linear regression was used to assess racial/ethnic differences in global sleep score and the association between risk factors and global sleep score.Results: 1,664 participants with a mean age of 76 (SD=7) and mean global sleep score of 6 (SD=4) were analyzed. Using Latinos as reference (highest average sleep score), Blacks had an average .96 (.37, 1.54) unit higher global sleep score (worse sleep) while Asians [β: .04 (-.56, .63)] and Whites [β: .28 (-.29, .84)] did not significantly differ. Compared with Latinos, Blacks and Asians had greater odds of a worse score on the sleep duration component; Blacks and Whites had greater odds of a worse score on the sleep disturbances component; and, Whites had greater odds of a worse score on the medication component. Risk factors for poor sleep did not differ by race/ethnicity except alcohol consumption (interaction P=.04), which was associated with poor sleep in Blacks only.Conclusion: In this cohort, racial/ethnic differences in sleep quality were common. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):469-478; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.469
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Parada, Humberto, Margaret Pichardo, Linda C. Gallo, Frank J. Penedo, David J. Lee, Gregory A. Talavera, and Hector M. Gonzalez. "Abstract B116: Cognitive performance and cognitive decline following cancer among middle-aged and older adults in the study of Latinos-investigation of neurocognitive aging and HCHS/SOL." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): B116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-b116.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a frequently reported side-effect of cancer therapies affecting attention, concentration, memory, and executive function. However, the long-term impacts of cancer and its treatments on cognitive function and cognitive decline in Hispanics/Latinos is unknown. Herein, we examined the associations between a self-reported history of cancer and cognitive test performance cross-sectionally and longitudinally among middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS: Participants included 9,639 Hispanic/Latino adults [mean age=56.4 (SE=0.14); 54.7% female] of diverse backgrounds [30.8% Mexican, 27.2% Cuban, and 18.1% Puerto Rican; 10.0% Central American; 9.0% Dominican; and 7% South American] from the population-based, prospective, multi-site Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. At enrollment in 2008-2011 (Visit 1), participants self-reported their history of cancer (yes/no) and cancer site(s). Cognitive function was assessed at Visit 1 and again at a 7-year follow-up assessment (Visit 2) using the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (BSEVLT-Sum, episodic learning; and BSEVLT-Recall, memory), the Word Fluency Test (WF, verbal fluency), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS, processing speed and executive functioning) via the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). Changes in cognitive test performance were calculated using survey linear regression models predicting cognitive performance at Visit 2 as a function of Visit 1 cognitive performance with adjustment for time between assessments. Test scores/changes in tests scores were standardized and averaged as composites of global cognition/cognitive change. We used survey linear regression models to estimate the adjusted associations between history of cancer and baseline and longitudinal cognitive test performance. We examined these associations overall and by sex and for the most prevalent sex-specific cancers [i.e., cervical (n=121), breast (n=115), uterine (n=67), and prostate (n=48) cancers]. RESULTS: Cross-sectionally, a history of cancer (n=546) versus no history of cancer (n=9,093) was associated with higher WF scores (β=0.13, SE=0.06; P=0.03) and global cognition (β=0.08, SE=0.04; P=0.06) among all participants overall. Among men, but not among women, a history of cancer was associated with longitudinal increases in SEVLT-Sum (β=0.29, SE=0.14; P=0.04; PInteraction=0.04), and SEVLT-Recall (β=0.36, SE=0.15; P=0.02; PInteraction=0.01) scores. Among women, a history of cervical cancer was associated with longitudinal decreases in SEVLT-Recall scores (β=-0.30, SE=0.13; P=0.03) and among men, a history of prostate cancer was associated with higher baseline WF scores (β=0.29, SE=0.12; P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Cancer or its treatments may influence long-term cognition among Hispanics/Latino cancer survivors. The potential impacts of cancer or cancer treatment on cognition may vary by sex or cancer type. Citation Format: Humberto Parada Jr., Margaret Pichardo, Linda C. Gallo, Frank J. Penedo, David J. Lee, Gregory A. Talavera, Hector M. Gonzalez. Cognitive performance and cognitive decline following cancer among middle-aged and older adults in the study of Latinos-investigation of neurocognitive aging and HCHS/SOL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B116.
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González, Hector M., Wassim Tarraf, Kevin A. González, Myriam Fornage, Donglin Zeng, Linda C. Gallo, Gregory A. Talavera, et al. "Diabetes, Cognitive Decline, and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos–Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging Results (HCHS/SOL)." Diabetes Care 43, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1676.
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González, Hector M., Wassim Tarraf, Myriam Fornage, Kevin A. González, Albert Chai, Marston Youngblood, Maria de los Angeles Abreu, et al. "A research framework for cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease among diverse US Latinos: Design and implementation of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)." Alzheimer's & Dementia 15, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 1624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.192.
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Diminich, Erica. "Emotional Flexibility, Biomarkers, and Cognitive Resilience in Latino Adults at Midlife." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2077.
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Abstract A growing body of evidence underscores the important role of emotional responding and emotional flexibility in healthy adaptation. Considerable research further demonstrates that being flexible in how one copes and regulates emotions when faced with stressful events is paramount for healthy aging. However, the adaptive benefits of emotional flexibility have not been studied in Latina/o’s, despite converging evidence indicating that Latina/o’s report greater symptoms of depression and anxiety in the context of exposure to potentially traumatic events and stress. We demonstrate across two studies, how the ability to regulate emotional responses is associated with cognitive health in a community-based population of Latinos and a cohort of Latino responders from the World Trade Center attacks on 9/11. Furthermore, given that individual differences in emotional flexibility predict cognitive decline, we present data examining the utility of plasma biomarkers of pre-clinical Alzheimer’s disease and neuropathy as diagnostic screeners of cognitive functioning and health.
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Baker, Zachary. "RECRUITING THE ULTRA-INVISIBLE: COMMUNITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FORMER DEMENTIA CAREGIVER RECRUITMENT." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.639.
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Abstract Bereaved dementia caregivers often refer to themselves as “Ultra-Invisible” (contrasting with caregivers’ “Invisibility”). We report on a series of open-ended discussions with the “Supporting Dementia Caregivers After Death” community advisory board (CAB) about how best to recruit bereaved dementia caregivers for research. The 12-member CAB includes current and former caregivers of PLWD due to early- and normal-onset Alzheimer’s, Lewy body, and Parkinson’s, an Alzheimer’s Association senior program manager, the Indian Health Board of Minneapolis Spiritual Health leader, the Engaging communities of Hispanics/Latinos for Aging Research Network leader, and a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center Equity Director. Strategies included: partnering with local religious institutions who may be primary source of bereavement services across cultures, multiple survey formats (e.g., recruiting Latino caregivers by phone; written surveys for Indians on rural reservations with limited phone/internet access). 3) Broadened age group considerations (e.g., one African American CAB-member’s young children contribute meaningfully to caregiving).
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Rodriquez, Erik J., Melanie Sabado-Liwag, Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, Anne Lee, Mary N. Haan, Steven E. Gregorich, James S. Jackson, and Anna M. Nápoles. "Allostatic Load, Unhealthy Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms by Birthplace Among Older Adults in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA)." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 7-8 (June 22, 2019): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319857995.
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Objective: To assess whether unhealthy behaviors moderated the relationship between allostatic load (AL) and future significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) among 1,789 older Latinos. Method: Longitudinal data included baseline AL, three unhealthy behaviors (UBs), and 2-year follow-up SDS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, stratified by birthplace (U.S. vs. foreign born), modeled the effects of AL, UB count (range = 0-3), and their interaction on follow-up SDS. Results: Compared with U.S.-born, foreign-born participants engaged in fewer UBs (0.52 vs. 0.60 behaviors, p = .01) and had higher baseline SDS (31% vs. 20%, p < .001). Among foreign-born participants, the effect of AL on future SDS (adjusted odds ratios [aORs]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) significantly increased across UB counts of 0 to 3: 1.06 [0.83, 1.35], 1.46 [1.14, 1.87], 2.00 [1.18, 3.41], and 2.75 [1.18, 6.44], respectively. Discussion: Among foreign-born Latinos, these results were most pronounced for women and adults above age 80, which may represent higher risk groups requiring more intensive screening for depression.
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Antonucci, Toni C., Kristine Ajrouch, and Jonathan W. King. "COGNITIVE HEALTH AND ADRD: GENDER, RACE, AND ETHNIC ISSUES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S542—S543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1995.
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Abstract This symposium addresses minority issues in aging, specifically issues of gender, race and ethnicity, in the study of cognitive health and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD). Cabrera examines ADRD in the Latino community noting that there are or may be important differences among subgroups of Latinos, e.g. Mexicans and Puerto Ricans, who are too often considered a homogenous group. Using qualitative methods, specifically focus groups, she explores whether these two groups have a different understanding of or different concerns about ADRD. Dallo considers the epidemiology of ADRD among Arab Americans. Noting the dearth of evidence on this ethnic group, she uses the National Health Interview Survey from 2000-2017 to examine the prevalence of ADRD among foreign-born Arab American compared to Whites, Blacks and Asians. Indiro et al., consider the long reach of childhood SES on age-related brain changes in different racial and ethnic older adults. Finally, Byrd considers gender differences in cognitive health in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging and finds that women actually report better cognitive health than men, controlling for age, education and health status despite previous literature suggesting that women experience more dementia than men. In total, this symposium highlights the need to consider contexts such as gender, race and ethnicity in order to fully understand factors influencing cognitive health and ADRD
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Garcia, Lorena, Anne Lee, Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri, John Neuhaus, Mollie Epstein, and Mary Haan. "The Impact of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position on Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes in Older Latinos: The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging." Hispanic Health Care International 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1540-4153.13.2.77.
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Gonzalez-Prado, Roberto, Alejandra Morlett Paredes, Wassim Tarraf, Ariana Stickel, Fernando Testai, Linda Gallo, Frank Pendedo, and Hector González. "ANXIETY, COGNITIVE FUNCTION, CHANGE, AND IMPAIRMENT AMONG DIVERSE OLDER HISPANICS/LATINOS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2823.
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Abstract Introduction Anxiety and depression often co-occur and may be risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. We examined associations between symptoms of anxiety and cognitive change and impairment in middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos. Method: 6,162 participants aged ≥50 (mean age=63.4, SD=±8.2 years) were enrolled in the Study of Latinos-Investigations of Neurocognitive Aging study (SOL-INCA), an ancillary to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Exposures included the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 10-item (STAI-10) and the Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression 10-item (CESD-10) at HCHS/SOL Visit 1 (2008–2011). Outcomes include cognitive tests at Visit 1 and 2 about 7 years later in SOL-INCA and mild cognitive impairment diagnosis (MCI; NIA-AA diagnostic criteria). Separate models were created to examine associations between cognition and anxiety adjusting for demographic variables, antianxiety medication, and depressive symptoms. Results After adjusting for demographic variables and medication use, STAI-10 scores were associated with Visit 2 cognitive function (p < 0.05) and MCI (p < 0.01), but not with changes in cognitive function over time. After adjusting for depressive symptoms, most effects of anxiety were attenuated, with exception of B-SEVLT-Recall (p < 0.05). Discussion: Anxiety symptoms were associated with lower memory function 7 years later among diverse older Hispanics/Latinos. Anxiety was associated with 7-year cognitive change and MCI, but those associations were explained by depressive symptoms and other covariables. Future research should examine cognition in relation to anxiety and depression since the two commonly co-occur.
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Wu, B., W. Tarraf, D. M. Wallace, A. Stickel, N. Schneiderman, S. Redline, S. R. Patel, et al. "0609 Sleep Phenotypes in Middle-Aged and Older Hispanics/Latinos. Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.606.
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Abstract Introduction Identifying sleep phenotypes in the diverse and understudied US Hispanic/Latino population is critical to developing interventions and mitigating distal clinical outcomes (e.g. dementias). Methods Using latent class analyses (LCA), we identify empirically derived and clinically meaningful sleep phenotypes using data on community dwelling middle-aged/older adults (ages ≥45-years) from the HCHS/SOL (2008-2011) - Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (n=6,377). Sleep variables used included Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI), percent time SpO2<90%, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS), self-reported average sleep duration, restless legs symptoms, napping frequency, and sleep quality. Results Mean (M) age was 56.4±8.1 years, and 54.7% were female. Average AHI, ESS, WHIIRS, and sleep duration were 8.7±13.1, 6.0±5.0, 7.6±5.5, and 7.8±1.4, respectively, and 25.8% had zero percent time SpO2 <90%. Fit statistics indicated that a four-class solution provided the best data fit. The derived classes, adjusting for age, sex, income, and acculturation, corresponded with four clinically meaningful groups: (1) 28.8% were asymptomatic [(M) AHI=0.8; (M) ESS=5.6; (M)WHIIRS=7.6; (M) sleep duration=7.8; 0% SpO2<90%=74.1%], (2) 25.7 % were asymptomatic mild sleep apnea [(M) AHI=6.2; (M) ESS=3.8; (M) WHIIRS=2.9; (M) sleep duration=7.8; 0% SpO2<90%=8.8%], (3) 19.4% were symptomatic sleep apnea [(M) AHI=25.6; (M) ESS=8.5; (M) WHIIRS=7.2; (M) sleep duration=7.7; 0% SpO2<90%= 0.5%], and (4) 26.1% were insomnia [(M) AHI=5.7; (M) ESS=6.7; (M) WHIIRS=13.0; (M) sleep duration=7.8; 0% SpO2<90%=10.3%]. Classification into groups 3 and 4 were primarily driven by elevated AHI and WHIIRS scores, respectively. The distribution of scores in the derived groups suggest variations relative to current clinical thresholds. Conclusion We identified 4-groups using LCA in a community-based sample of diverse U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults. Better characterization of sleep phenotypes for Hispanics/Latinos can help in developing targeted interventions studies and ameliorate health disparities. Support 5R01AG048642-05; R21AG056952; R21HL140437.
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Durazo, Eva M., Mary N. Haan, Kristina Dang, Allison E. Aiello, and Jacqueline M. Torres. "Nativity, Neighborhoods, and Body Composition in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging." Gerontologist 60, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz139.
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Abstract Background and Objectives Globally, obesity influences the risk of many major chronic diseases. Our study examines the association between individual nativity and neighborhood level concentration of immigrants with 10-year changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) among older Latinos. Research Design and Methods The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) is a population-based prospective study of community-dwelling older adults of Mexican origin (baseline ages 58–101 years). The primary outcome was repeated measures of weight over a 10-year period for 1,628 respondents. Nativity was defined by participants’ reported place of birth (US-born or Latin American foreign born). Neighborhood immigrant concentration was measured as the percentage of foreign born at census tract level (2000 US Census). We used linear mixed models with repeated measures of weight, height, BMI, and WC as dependent variables (level 1), clustered within individuals (level 2) and neighborhood migrant concentration (level 3). Results Foreign born (FB) respondents had lower baseline weight than the US-born (mean, 160 vs. 171 lbs, p < .0001). Over time, weight differences between the FB and the US-born decreased by 1.7 lbs/5 years as US-born weight decreased more rapidly. We observed a significant interaction between individual nativity and neighborhood immigrant concentration (p = .012). We found similar patterns for BMI, but did not find statistically significant differences in WC trajectories. Discussion and Implications Our study observed significant differences by foreign born vs. US nativity in baseline weight/BMI and in their trajectories over time. Additionally, we found weight/BMI differences in neighborhood immigrant concentration for the FB, but not for the US-born.
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Lamar, Melissa, Deborah Drabick, Elizabeth A. Boots, Puja Agarwal, Sheina Emrani, Lisa Delano-Wood, Mark W. Bondi, Lisa L. Barnes, and David J. Libon. "Latent Profile Analysis of Cognition in a Non-Demented Diverse Cohort: A Focus on Modifiable Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Factors." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 1833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210110.
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Background: Cognitively-defined subgroups are well-documented within neurodegeneration. Objective: We examined such profiles in diverse non-demented older adults and considered how resulting subgroups relate to modifiable factors associated with neurodegeneration. Methods: 121 non-demented (MMSE = 28.62) diverse (46%non-Latino Black, 40%non-Latino White, 15%Latino) community-dwelling adults (age = 67.7 years) completed cognitive, cardiovascular, physical activity, and diet evaluations. Latent profile analyses (LPA) employed six cognitive scores (letter fluency, letter-number sequencing, confrontational naming, ‘animal’ fluency, list-learning delayed recall, and recognition discriminability) to characterize cognitively-defined subgroups. Differences between resulting subgroups on cardiovascular (composite scores of overall health; specific health components including fasting blood levels) and lifestyle (sedentary behavior; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; Mediterranean diet consumption) factors were examined using ANCOVAs adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: Based on sample means across cognitive scores, LPA resulted in the following cognitive subgroups: 1) high-average cognition, 55%non-Latino White and 64%female participants; 2) average cognition, 58%non-Latino Black and 68%male participants; 3) lower memory, 58%non-Latino Black participants; and 4) lower executive functioning, 70%Latinos. The high-average subgroup reported significantly higher Mediterranean diet consumption than the average subgroup (p = 0.001). The lower executive functioning group had higher fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c than all other subgroups (p-values<0.001). Conclusion: LPA revealed two average subgroups reflecting level differences in cognition previously reported between non-Latino White and Black adults, and two lower cognition subgroups in domains similar to those documented in neurodegeneration. These subgroups, and their differences, suggest the importance of considering social determinants of health in cognitive aging and modifiable risk.
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Camacho, David, Maria P. Aranda, Denise Burnette, and Ellen Lukens. "THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC PAIN AND LONELINESS ON FUNCTIONING AMONG LATINO AND WHITE OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2169.
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Abstract The detrimental effects of loneliness and chronic pain on functioning in later life are well documented, yet there is little evidence of whether these patterns hold across racially diverse older adults. Guided by the Biopsychosocial Model of Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Pain, we used data from Waves 2 and 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) to examine the additive and interactive effects of loneliness and chronic pain on Elemental and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADLs & IADLs) among a sample of 1046 Latino and White adults aged 50 and over. Using linear regression analyses, our final models (Adjusted R-squares: .316 & .304) included demographic characteristics, physical and mental health, medication, health behaviors and social factors. In this sample, approximately 33% experienced chronic pain, 50% reported at least transitory loneliness and 22% experienced both. Neither loneliness nor chronic pain was independently associated with functioning impairment. However, these two factors in combination were associated with lower scores on ADLs and I-ADLs. In addition, Latinos who reported chronic pain were more likely to report lower scores on ADLs only. Results highlight variations in the detrimental effects of loneliness and chronic pain for white and Latino elders. Findings suggest the need for interventions that address chronic pain and loneliness simultaneously. Future studies should examine how culturally-grounded experiences of loneliness and chronic pain may contribute to worsening of functioning among diverse groups of Latino elders.
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Muruthi, J., and L. C. Zalla. "EFFECTS OF INITIAL DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND POSITIVE SPOUSAL SUPPORT ON LATER DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN AGING LATINOS." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.258.
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Kietzman, Kathryn G., Peggy Toy, Rosana L. Bravo, O. Kenrik Duru, and Steven P. Wallace. "Multisectoral Collaborations to Increase the Use of Recommended Cancer Screening and Other Clinical Preventive Services by Older Adults." Gerontologist 59, Supplement_1 (May 17, 2019): S57—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz004.
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Abstract The Healthy Aging Partnerships in Prevention Initiative (HAPPI) is a multisectoral collaboration that aims to increase use of recommended cancer screening and other clinical preventive services (CPS) among underserved African American and Latino adults aged 50 and older in South Los Angeles. HAPPI uses the principles of the evidence-based model Sickness Prevention Achieved through Regional Collaboration to increase capacity for the delivery of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening, as well as influenza and pneumococcal immunizations, and cholesterol screening. This article describes HAPPI’s collaborative efforts to enhance local capacity by training personnel from community health centers (CHCs) and community-based organizations (CBOs), implementing a small grants program, and forming a community advisory council. HAPPI demonstrates that existing resources in the region can be successfully linked and leveraged to increase awareness and receipt of CPS. Five CHCs expanded quality improvement efforts and eight CBOs reached 2,730 older African Americans and Latinos through locally tailored educational programs that encouraged community–clinic linkages. A community council assumed leadership roles to ensure HAPPI sustainability. The lessons learned from these collective efforts hold promise for increasing awareness and fostering the use of CPS by older adults in underserved communities.
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Osuna, Margarita. "Health and Aging Disparities Among Latin American Older Adults: Findings From Studies in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2272.
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Abstract Aging in Latin America is occurring rapidly, in a context of high levels of poverty and inequality. This symposium is focused on population health and the heath-disparities found in some of Latin America’s largest middle-income countries, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. This symposium contains presentations on different health-related issues affecting older adults, which can have further implications for wellbeing, health, and disease risk. The papers in this symposium examine a variety of health-related dimensions and disparities among older Latinos that include physiological functioning, cognition, and oral health. Using the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), Sheehan investigates the associations between personal and familial educational attainment on sleep quality. Also using MHAS, Milani. Using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging, Farina examines the relationship between race and cognition. Garcia uses data from the Colombian Survey of Health, Well-Being, and Aging to study the relationship between Motor Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS) and cognition and frailty. Using the same dataset, Osuna examines variation in oral health in Colombian older adults and the impact this has on their wellbeing. Results indicate which population subgroups in Latin American have increased risk for poorer health and which dimensions of health have gender, race and socioeconomic disparities. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the conditions under which Latin American older adults are aging and the implications this can have in the future.
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Melgarejo, Jesus D., Carlos A. Chavez, Milady Urribarri, Joseph H. Lee, and Gladys E. Maestre. "F1-01-02: Ambulatory blood pressure and cognitive decline in latinos: Findings from the maracaibo aging study." Alzheimer's & Dementia 11, no. 7S_Part_2 (July 2015): P115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.007.
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Blancero, Donna Maria, Edwin Mouriño-Ruiz, and Amado M. Padilla. "Latino Millennials—The New Diverse Workforce: Challenges and Opportunities." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 40, no. 1 (February 2018): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986317754080.
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There are a variety of trends that are enabling and forcing organizational change. A crucial trend that has implications for a changing and growing demographic workforce includes Millennials and in particular Latinos/Hispanics as the world and particularly the U.S. workplace continues to have an increased aging workforce. Yet, while Latinos are members of the largest and also the fastest growing minority group in the United States, they are disproportionately underrepresented in more highly compensated professional and leadership roles across corporate America. The majority of existing career development and acculturation literature in the United States has focused narrowly on Anglo-oriented acculturation as a linear process. Unfortunately, as society has evolved so has the form of prejudices and biases. This is supported by the fact that well more than 50% of Hispanics experience discrimination through a variety of means including micro-aggressions. We believe that developing and maintaining an overlapping and compatible bicultural identity might not be enough and that we need to rethink what acculturation and biculturalism means for millennials and broaden our thinking to include cosmopolitanism as more encompassing of the millennials and their place in the world. We believe this article begins the dialogue for more research into this growing part of the U.S. workforce along with practical implications and applications.
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Garcia, Catherine, and Maria P. Aranda. "AGING IN LATIN AMERICA: A FOCUS ON MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S787—S788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2899.
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Abstract Population aging is occurring rapidly across Latin America, a region that includes some of the world’s most racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse populations. Aging in this region is occurring in a context of high levels of poverty and income inequality, which has implications for disease risk, cognitive health, and overall well-being. This symposium focuses on Mexico and Colombia, two of Latin America’s largest middle-income countries, which have recently undergone rapid epidemiological and demographic transitions. The papers in this symposium examine a variety of health dimensions among older Latinos that include physiological functioning, cognition, and psychological and physical well-being. García uses the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine biomarkers known to predict health risk among Mexican-origin populations: Mexico-born living in Mexico, Mexico-born living in the U.S., and U.S.-born Mexican-Americans. Saenz examines the importance of education on late-life cognitive ability among Mexicans using data from the MHAS Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study. Using data from the Colombian Survey of Health, Well-Being, and Aging (SABE-Colombia), Ailshire examines variation in biological risk across key subgroups of the population. Osuna uses data from the Colombian National Quality of Life Survey (ENCV) to determine if social and economic inequalities are reflected in unequal health and well-being among older adults. Results highlight which Latin American populations have increased risk for poorer health, which merit further research and policy attention. The findings highlight the importance of understanding health and well-being in the rapidly growing older adult populations of Latin America.