Journal articles: 'Aging – Economic aspects – Australia'

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KIM, SARANG, KERRY A. SARGENT-COX, DAVINA J. FRENCH, HAL KENDIG, and KAARIN J. ANSTEY. "Cross-national insights into the relationship between wealth and wellbeing: a comparison between Australia, the United States of America and South Korea." Ageing and Society 32, no. 1 (February 24, 2011): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000080.

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ABSTRACTThe positive relationship between wealth and wellbeing has received considerable attention over the last three decades. However, little is known about how the significance of wealth for the health and wellbeing of older adults may vary across societies. Furthermore, researchers tend to focus mainly on income rather than other aspects of financial resources even though older adults often rely on fixed income, particularly after retirement. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (N=1,431), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States of America (USA; N=4,687), and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA; N=5,447), this exploratory cross-national study examined the relationship between wealth satisfaction and objective wealth and wellbeing (measured as self-rated health and life satisfaction) among older Australians, Americans and Koreans (50+ years). Regression analyses showed that wealth satisfaction was associated with wellbeing over and above monetary wealth in all three countries. The relationship between monetary wealth and self-rated health was larger for the US than Australian and Korean samples, while the additional contribution of wealth satisfaction to life satisfaction was larger for the Korean than the Australian and US samples. These findings are discussed in terms of the cultural and economic differences between these countries, particularly as they affect older persons.

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Newton, Clare, Sue Wilks, and Dominique Hes. "Educational Buildings as 3D Text Books: Linking ecological sustainability, pedagogy and space." Open House International 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2009-b0003.

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This paper discusses the opportunity afforded by a substantial research grant to examine three aspects of recent school design and learning. First, spaces that support effective learning, second, the role of the building in achieving sustainability, and third, pedagogies and practices that support one and two. Schools are complex systems in which the physical environment interacts with pedagogical, socio-cultural, curricular, motivational and socio-economic factors as well as providing benefits or costs in environmental terms. Limiting the research focus to exemplar case study schools will enable a more comprehensive study of the schools as 3D texts. Through proactive research methodologies, students, teachers and architects will collaborate to manipulate the spaces to suit different learning modalities. Students will help collect environmental data and therefore learn more about climate and energy. They will also participate within teams to further their problem solving, communication and organizational skills. Teachers will become more aware of and hopefully skilled at managing space both environmentally and pedagogically. Architects will have the unusual opportunity of experiencing and analyzing their designs through the eyes of users. While this ambitious research is in its infancy, the interdisciplinary approach and support from nine industry partners is relevant for other researchers who are seeking to have an impact on design practice using an action research methodology. The research is timely.4 Following in the footsteps of the United Kingdom, Australian state and federal governments have committed to reinvigorate our aging school stock. This research led by an interdisciplinary team, was developed in partnership with Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, the Victorian Government Architect's Office, and seven design firms with expertise in learning environments. The research has been funded by the Australian Research Council

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Hanspal, Savita, and N. K. Chadha. "Economic Aspects of Aging in India." Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2006): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j194v04n01_10.

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Kung, Claryn S. J., Johannes S. Kunz, and Michael A. Shields. "Economic Aspects of Loneliness in Australia." Australian Economic Review 54, no. 1 (March 2021): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12414.

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Kirby, Michael G., and Michael J. Blyth. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LAND DEGRADATION IN AUSTRALIA." Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 31, no. 2 (August 1987): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1987.tb00672.x.

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Andrews, Gavin. "Psychiatry in Australia: economic and service delivery aspects." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 7 (July 1991): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.7.446.

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In 1987 there were 1,428 psychiatrists in Australia, 8.8 per 100,000 population (Burvill, 1988), 55% identified as in private practice and 45% in public sector practice. Let us be clear about terms. Public sector practice means that each week you receive a salary from the public purse whether you have seen one or a hundred patients. Private practice means that you are paid on a piece-work basis, also largely from the public purse (national health insurance or Medicare), but the income (at about $100 per hour) depends exactly on the number of hours spent with patients. On average, private psychiatrists in Australia gross about $150,000 per year, out of which they must pay practice expenses. The pay for public sector psychiatrists probably averages $70,000 to which, for the purposes of our calculation, we will add the cost of rooms, telephone and secretary provided by the hospital which at $30,000 brings the cost of a public sector psychiatrist to about $100,000 per year. If 45% of psychiatrists are in public practice then the averaged cost of a psychiatrist in Australia can be calculated as $127,500 per annum, and as there are 8.8 psychiatrists per 100,000 the cost, calculated on this simple basis, is $1.12 million per 100,000 population (Andrews, 1989).

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Bak, Iwona, and Beata Szczecinska. "Economic Aspects of Population Aging. Modeling Senior Household Ependiture." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXIV, Special Issue 3 (September 1, 2021): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2414.

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Makovskaya, M. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Natural Resources Exploiting in Australia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2000): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2000-7-106-110.

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Yavorska, V. "Social and geographical aspects of population aging." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 62 (2014): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2014.62.9.

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Ukraine belongs to countries with a high intensity depopulation processes which conditioned by a number of diverse factors of economic, socio-cultural, institutional character. The extensive and prolonged depopulation stands now as a part and one of the most expressive manifestation of the general crisis of the demographic situation in Ukraine. This article investigates the impact of trends in life expectancy to the indicators of the population aging. It was conducted regional analysis and determined regional differences in terms of life expectancy and the parameters of population aging. The reasons of such a stress situation were identified.

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Madden, Gary, and Scott J. Savage. "Some Economic and Social Aspects of Residential Internet Use in Australia." Journal of Media Economics 13, no. 3 (July 2000): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1303_2.

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Bulgakova, S., and N. Romanchuk. "Sleep and Aging: Endocrine and Epigenetic Aspects." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 65–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/57/08.

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Along with many physiological changes during normal aging, sleep also changes. Age-related changes in sleep include: a decrease in the duration of night sleep, an increase in the frequency of falling asleep during the day, an increase in the number of night awakenings and time spent without sleep during the night, a decrease in the phase of slow sleep, etc. Most of these changes occur between the young and the middle and remain unchanged in the elderly. In addition, the circadian system and homeostatic sleep mechanisms become less stable with aging. The level and nature of the secretion of hormones acting on sleep change during normal aging, which affects the processes of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep indicators are interrelated and/or dependent on lifestyle, polymorbidity (somatic, psychological), polypharmacy, epigenetic (social, economic, environmental, etc.) factors. Increased average human life expectancy and neuroendocrine changes in physiological and pathological aging, on the one hand, epigenetic factors and electromagnetic information load/overload, on the other hand, made a significant contribution to the circadian nature of human brain neural network interaction with artificial intelligence.

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Mason, Robb, and Shirley Randall. "Adult Education and Local Economic Development in Australia." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 5, no. 2 (July 1, 1995): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v5i2.396.

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Adult education has not been considered to have had a strong connection with local economic development. Changing economic circumstances for Australia, however, have forced a reconsideration of the relationship of education more broadly to work and economic matters. In so doing it has become apparent that local adult education agencies have had a more intimate connection with this area than has previously been realised. This has become more apparent as the importance of local involvement in the decision making over local economic matters has become more critical. Training for employment, small business development, enterprise education, awareness programs, the encouragement of entrepreneurialism are all aspects of econontic development impacted upon by adult education and described in this paper.

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Barclay, Kate. "The Social in Assessing for Sustainability. Fisheries in Australia." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 3 (November 5, 2012): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i3.2655.

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The notion that sustainability rests on three pillars – economic, environmental and social – has been widely accepted since the 1990s. In practice, however, the economic and environmental aspects have tended to dominate the sustainability agenda, and social aspects have been sidelined. Two reasons for this are: 1) there is a lack of data collected about which to build meaningful pictures of social aspects of sustainability for populations over time, and 2) there is a lack of recognition of the role of social factors in sustainability, and a related lack of understanding of how to analyse them in conjunction with economic and environmental factors. This paper surveys the literature about sustainability in fisheries, focussing on Australia, and focussing on the way social aspects have been treated. The paper finds that the problems that have been identified for assessing the social in sustainability in general are certainly manifest in fisheries. Management of Australian fisheries has arguably made great improvements to biological sustainability over the last decade, but much remains to be done to generate similar improvements in social sustainability for fishing communities. This is the case for government-run resource management as well as for initiatives from the private sector and conservation organizations as part of movements for corporate social responsibility and ethical consumerism. A significant challenge for improving sustainability in Australian fisheries, therefore, lies in improving data collection on social factors, and in bridging disciplinary divides to better integrate social with economic and biological assessments of sustainability.

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Saunders, Peter, and Michael Fine. "The Mixed Economy of Support for the Aged in Australia: Lessons for Privatisation." Economic and Labour Relations Review 3, no. 2 (December 1992): 18–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469200300202.

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This paper describes and analyses aspects of Australian income support and service arrangements for the aged in the context of broader issues relating to privatisation. It is argued that much of the welfare privatisation debate is overly simplistic and does not recognise the important role which the non-government sector already plays in aspects of support for the age. Analysis of income data shows, for example, that transfer income currently accounts for less than half of the income of the aged. The trend towards superannuation is apparent in the data, although some doubts are raised about the impact of superannuation expansion on the finance of population ageing. In the area of community services, the paper describes the development of policy over the last few decades in order to illustrate the complexity of existing arrangements. The switch from institutional to community care is identified as a major trend, particularly during the 1980s, and some of the implications of this development for privatisation are drawn out and analysed.

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Cooke, B. D., and L. P. Hunt. "Practical and economic aspects of rabbit control in hilly semiarid South Australia." Wildlife Research 14, no. 2 (1987): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870219.

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Poisoning, ripping of warrens and a combination of both techniques were assessed as means of controlling rabbits in steep areas of the southern Flinders Ranges in semiarid South Australia. The number of active warren entrances was reduced significantly by poisoning and by ripping. One month after treatment, untreated plots contained an average of 72.2 active entrances whereas the poisoned and ripped plots averaged 27.1 and 7.3 active entrances, respectively. A combination of both techniques reduced the number of active warren entrances even further, but this is not recommended because it increases the cost of control substantially. The efficiencies of a large and a small crawler tractor were compared. Costs of ripping were similar, and the suitability of each tractor is discussed. In the southern Flinders Ranges rabbit control is clearly economical in relation to the improvements in sheep production likely to be obtained.

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GARNER, M. G., B. S. FISHER, and J. G. MURRAY. "Economic aspects of foot and mouth disease: perspectives of a free country, Australia." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 21, no. 3 (December 1, 2002): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.21.3.1357.

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Patterson, R. A. "SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA." Australian Veterinary Journal 41, no. 7 (March 10, 2008): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1965.tb01831.x.

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Murillo, Roberth Steven Gutiérrez. "Aging in Central America and the Caribbean." Cadernos Ibero-Americanos de Direito Sanitário 10, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17566/ciads.v10i1.747.

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The book Aging in Central America and the Caribbean, object of this review, was published in 2018 by Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CIALC), from the Universidad Autónoma de México, and organized by Aída Díaz-Tendero Bollain. The work addresses aging in Latin America and the Caribbean from a multidisciplinary perspective of the phenomenon under the prism of human rights, socio-economic aspects and demographic elements in the region. An important analysis is the privatization of health and social assistance services, which triggered the rupture of ties of intergenerational solidarity and challenged the continuity of economic solidarity for the elderly.

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Azmi, Nur Farahiah, Hazriah Hasan, and Mohd Nor Hakimin Yusoff. "ISLAMIC CHARITIES IN AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNANCE PREDICAMENTS." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 18 (March 10, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631//ijlgc.518003.

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Islamic charity is one of the groups under the third sector or non-profit sector that mainly came out as a focal point in some countries. These Islamic charities made a significant contribution in various aspects in terms of religious, economic and social aspects. However, there are several issues and complexities faced by Islamic charities. Thus, this paper focuses on discussing Islamic charities in Australia through reviewing related literature. The paper also identifies some of the predicaments faced by Islamic charities and explores the authorities that may monitor the management and operation of Islamic charities. The findings of this paper offer insight for future researchers on possible solutions for governance.

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Salazar-Barajas, Martha Elba, Bertha Cecilia Salazar-González, and Esther Carlota Gallegos-Cabriales. "Middle-Range Theory: Coping and Adaptation with Active Aging." Nursing Science Quarterly 30, no. 4 (September 21, 2017): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318417724459.

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Various disciplines focus on a multiplicity of aspects of aging: lifestyles, personal biological factors, psychological conditions, health conditions, physical environment, and social and economic factors. The aforementioned are all related to the determinants of active aging. The aim is to describe the development of a middle-range theory based on coping and adaptation with active aging. Concepts and relationships derived from Roy’s model of adaptation are included. The proposed concepts are hope, health habits, coping with aging, social relations, and active aging.

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Yurevich, A. V. "Oldness as an interdisciplinary problem." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-587389149-55.

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This study focuses on the social and psychological factors of aging, along with related psychological characteristics. The study emphasizes that old age is only the beginning to be understood, as aging conceals crucial reserves. Thus, exploring psychological mechanisms of aging constitutes a a new area that merits attention. In conclusion, modern society needs a special ideology of old age, which could include economic, social, and psychological aspects.

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Rodziewicz, Tadeusz, Aleksander Zaremba, and Maria Wacławek. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Photovoltaic Conversion of Southern Poland." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0026.

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Abstract The article presents the results of a 13-year tests and analysis of performance and energy and electrical charge yield for typical photovoltaic modules made of different absorbers. Modules were installed on the south wall of Opole University building (at kard. B. Kominka Street). Registered in this period (2001-2013) values energy and charge of tested modules are presented in reference to 1 Wp their nominal power and to 1 m2 of PV modules. Their annual and monthly distributions, with particular emphasis on the seasonal changes of its parameters and phenomena of aging and degradation of the PV modules structure were shown. In the final part of the article was presented an economic analysis of the profitability of investment in 20 kWp grid connected PV system with and without implemented the program to support investment in renewable energy, which respect to the newly implemented in Poland Act on RES.

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Humphrys, Elizabeth. "Simultaneously deepening corporatism and advancing neoliberalism: Australia under the Accord." Journal of Sociology 54, no. 1 (March 2018): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318760680.

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Given recent calls for a new social contract between the unions and government, it is timely to consider the relationship of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) prices and incomes Accord (1983–97) to the construction of neoliberalism in Australia. Contrary to most scholarly accounts, which posit the ALP and ACTU prices and incomes Accord and neoliberalism as exogenously related or competing processes, this article argues they were internally related aspects of economic transformation. The implementation of the Accord agreement deepened Australia’s existing corporatist arrangements while simultaneously advancing neoliberalism within a highly structured political-economic framework.

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Vasilyeva, Elena Vitalyevna. "Ensuring economic security of the territory in the conditions of aging of the population: theoretical-methodological aspect." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 6 (June 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2021.6.36869.

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This article is dedicated to the theoretical-methodological aspects of studying economic security of the territory in the conditions of aging of the population. The author traces the evolution of interpretation of the concept of “economic security”. Analysis is conducted on the conceptual construct of studying economic security of the territory that has established in scientific literature. The polemical character of determination of the object of economic security of the territory is indicated. The author considers the nuances of using the concepts of “national interests” and “state interests”; examines the traditional triad “interests – threats – protection” of studying economic security in the conditions of aging of the population. The theory of economic security is augmented with the provisions of the neoclassical theory of human capital and theoretical models of generational economics that take into account the age structure of the population of the territory. In the conditions of aging of the population, the state interests in the economic sphere and the interests of the senior citizens are considered as the object of economic security. The model for the formation of the effective instrument of protecting state interests in the economic sphere and interests of the senior citizens from the threats caused by socioeconomic consequences of population aging is built from the perspective of the theory of economic security, theory of human capital, and theoretical models of generational economy. The author clarifies the concept of economic security of the territory in the conditions of aging of the population, which implies protection of the objects (state interests in the economic sphere and interests of the senior citizens) from threats caused by socioeconomic consequences of population aging.

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Merlo, Sara, Simona Federica Spampinato, and Dmitry Lim. "Molecular Aspects of Cellular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Need for a Holistic View of the Early Pathogenesis." Biomolecules 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11121807.

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Pannell, David J. "Economic aspects of legume management and legume research in dryland farming systems of southern Australia." Agricultural Systems 49, no. 3 (January 1995): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(94)00049-w.

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Ong, Tricia, Terri Trireksani, and Hadrian Geri Djajadikerta. "Hard and soft sustainability disclosures: Australia’s resources industry." Accounting Research Journal 29, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 198–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-03-2015-0030.

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Purpose Although studies in corporate sustainability have been vastly growing, there has been an increasing demand for more industry-specific sustainability reporting studies to develop a greater understanding of industry differences in sustainability reporting practice. This study aims to measure the quality of sustainability disclosures in the current leading environmentally sensitive industry in Australia – the resources industry. Design/methodology/approach A scoring index was developed to measure economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainability by integrating the fundamental principles of the hard and soft disclosure items from Clarkson et al.’s (2008) environmental index into the social and economic aspects of the Global Reporting Initiative framework. Subsequently, the index was used to assess sustainability disclosures in the annual and sustainability reports of resources companies in Australia. Findings The main findings show that companies report more of soft disclosure items than the hard ones. It is also found that companies report most sustainability information in the economic aspect rather than the social and the environmental aspects of sustainability. Most companies disclose sustainability information in their annual reports with few companies producing stand-alone sustainability reports. Originality/value This study addresses the need for more industry-specific sustainability studies by focusing on Australia’s resources industry. It also contributes to the lack of an existing tool to measure disclosures based on companies’ true contributions to sustainability by developing a new scoring index for hard and soft sustainability disclosures, which includes all three aspects of sustainability (i.e. economic, environmental and social).

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Cho, Jinmyoung, Peter Martin, and Leonard W. Poon. "The Older They Are, the Less Successful They Become? Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study." Journal of Aging Research 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/695854.

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This study examined whether oldest-old adults are successful agers. Three hundred and six octogenarians and centenarians of Phase III of the Georgia Centenarian Study participated in this study. A first model examined Rowe and Kahn’s successful aging model (Rowe and Khan (1997 and 1998)) including the probability of disease, physical or cognitive capacity, and engagement with life. All three components were applied to assess how many oldest-old adults satisfied all three criteria. The result showed about 15% of octogenarians (15.1%), and none of centenarians satisfied all three components of successful aging. Consequently, a second alternative model focused on psychosocial aspects including three different components: subjective health, perceived economic status, and happiness. Different from Rowe and Kahn’s successful aging model, a total of 62.3% of octogenarians and 47.5% of centenarians satisfied all three components of the alternative model of successful aging. The results suggest that additional criteria of successful aging should be considered thereby expanding the concepts and multidimensional aspects of successful aging among oldest-old adults.

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Charan, Sri P. "Study on Urban Sustainable Restructuring of Leinefelde, Germany and Revealing the Important Strategies for Environmental Well-Being for Shrinking Cities." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p76-85.

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Why habitat Mars when you can make earth livable. Demographic change led to the shrinking of the city and also aging native population were big problems in leinefelde. Sustainable urban structures, housing affordability and availability was a big criteria. The political and economic change in the eastern Germany after reunification in 1989, anticipated and intensified the problems. By 1993 municipality realized that it should develop strategies and policies to stop the breakdown of economic and political breakdown of the city. As a result of the actions taken, leinefelde has become successful transformation of shrinking cities in the world. This research paper finds the problems led to shrinking of the city and then focuses on the different parameters and strategies like project context, social aspects, environmental aspects, economic aspects, organizational aspects, sustainable aspects that were carried out in order to have a successful transformation of leinefelde. And finally list down the key indicator for project being successful as a conclusion.

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Luszcz, Mary A. "A longitudinal study of psychological changes in cognition and self in late life." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 15, no. 2 (December 1998): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027930.

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AbstractThe diversity and resilience characteristic of the closing phases of human development are investigated by longitudinal study of change and development in about the last 30 years of the life-span. The Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA) is a population-based psychobiosocial and behavioural study of a cohort of 1,947 adults from Adelaide over the age of 70 years. Four annual waves of data collection started in 1992. At Waves 1 and 3, an extensive personal interview covered psychological, behavioural, social, biomedical, economic, and other contextuol variables. Participants also had the opportunity to provide psychological data on cognitive and psychosocial (self) dimensions through completion of a series of objective assessments and standard paper-and-pencil inventories. Data from these two waves is used to describe and explain changes in cognitive and psychosocial domains, particularly the complexity of functioning, potential gains and losses in memory and well-being, and the interplay amongst these aspects of functioning. Once a range of noncognitive and cognitive contextual factors are taken into account, individual differences in processing and intrapersonal resources contribute significantly and substantially to functioning in each domain, and the contribution from ageing per se is minimised. Furthermore, a “limited impact” hypothesis of late life development suggests that later declines may be a byproduct of rather large decrements in some subset of a population, with the majority showing stability. Insofar as heterogeneity increases with ageing, age per se is increasingly less able to predict functioning. This work identifies some key sources of heterogeneity that may be indicative of ageing well.

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Siriwardana, Mahinda, and Jinmei Yang. "GTAP Model Analysis of the Economic Effects of an Australia–China FTA: Welfare and Sectoral Aspects." Global Economic Review 37, no. 3 (September 2008): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12265080802273315.

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Kirby, GWM, VJ Hristova, and S. Murti. "Conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia - some economic aspects." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9961049.

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This paper examines some aspects of the economics of conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia. The distribution, 1 value and major trends in the enterprises comprising the agricultural sector of the semi-arid tropics are discussed in an industry context. The likely economic benefits for the farmer from the adoption of conservation tillage and ley farming come from mulch retention and increased yields. These benefits vary with the frequency of grain cropping, the legume species used and the commodity price relativities. The benefits are likely to be larger in drier growing seasons. Data on other factors, such as soil type and seasons, were inadequate for economic analysis. Some ley farming systems are more profitable than single enterprises in the short term. In the long term, the best choice for sustainable farming systems in the semi-arid tropics appears to be a legume pasture system or a legume pasture-crop system. Results to date from ley farming studies show that experimental designs need to be modified to incorporate higher cropping frequencies and more comprehensive joint product measures in order to allow a more critical economic assessment. Additional benefits to society from the adoption of conservation tillage and ley farming are likely to come from minimising adverse on-farm and off-farm effects of agricultural activities. There are strong arguments for continuing support for research and development in ley farming technology and a joint sharing of the costs between farmers and the community generally.

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Bhat, Aarti, Jose Diaz, and David Almeida. "RECESSION EVENTS AND SLEEP PROBLEMS IN MIDLIFE AND AGING ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1049.

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Abstract Adverse economic events can negatively impact aspects of health, including sleep quality. Poor sleep can increase risk of developing or exacerbating health conditions such as cardiovascular and metabolic disease, cancer, and suicidal ideation. It is critical to examine how economic hardships may amplify health disparities in midlife and aging, a rapidly growing demographic in the U.S. This study examines the effect of recession hardships on sleep issues in midlife and aging adults using waves 2 and 3 of the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS; N = 2602; M age = 63.47; 56.99% women; 15.76% Black). Participants reported chronic sleep problems experienced in the past year, alongside frequency of experiencing sleep disruptions (trouble with onset, maintenance, feeling unrested). Participants also reported economic impacts (financial, housing, and job-related) experienced in the aftermath of the recession; with 75.56% reporting at least one adverse recession event. Regression indicated that recession events were significantly associated with higher odds of chronic sleep problems and high frequency sleep disruptions in wave 3, even when controlling for sleep problems in wave 2. When examining race and age as moderators, Black participants who experienced adverse events were more vulnerable to chronic sleep problems than white participants, whereas age showed no significant interactions. Results indicate that adverse economic events can impact sleep quality for midlife and aging adults, and that policy mitigating economic effects on sleep may especially benefit Black adults. Subsequent analyses will examine the effect of recession events on daily sleep patterns.

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Whitfield, Keith E., Jacqueline L. Angel, and Rebeca Wong. "Biobehavioral Aspects of Health and Aging Among People of Mexican Origin." Journal of Aging and Health 23, no. 7 (September 23, 2011): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264311423370.

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There is a growing interest in developing a deeper level of understanding of the complex phenomena that make up the aging process. Efforts to pursue questions using a multivariate and ecologically valid approaches that include biological and behavioral factors have led to significant advances in our knowledge. This special issue presents a collection of papers that represent this “biobehavioral” perspective. Little is known concerning the biobehavioral aspects of Hispanic health and there is a dearth of systematic study of how individual biological factors interact with the environmental and cultural factors to affect health outcomes among the swiftly growing older population of Mexican origin, a subgroup of older minorities that exhibits unique morbidity and mortality patterns. The group of papers here represents important contributions to understanding the health consequences in later life for individuals of Mexican descent and addresses several areas of interest including but not limited to diabetes, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, frailty, socio-economic status and contextual factors that impact health. The papers presented here use interesting and useful transdisciplinary approaches that increase our knowledge of health processes in older people of Mexican descent. This special issue also provides excellent examples of the critical linkages between biological variables broadly defined and traditional social stratification, social inequalities, and social justice and the ways in which they interact. The papers taken together suggest that the processes involved in aging and health are complex, particularly in people of Mexican descent, and requires the understanding of mechanisms at multiple causes and levels of analysis.

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Fischer, Frida Marina, Maria Carmen Martinez, Camila Helaehil Alfredo, João Silvestre Silva-Junior, Jodi Oakman, Teresa Cotrim, Donald Fisher, Stephen Popkin, Gretchen A. Petery, and Paul A. Schulte. "Aging and the Future of Decent Work." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 8898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178898.

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The United Nations identified decent work and economic growth as a sustainable development goal for 2030. Decent work is a term that sums up aspirations for people in their working lives. One of the factors that influences the achievement of decent work is aging. This article examines how aspects of aging and organizational factors affect work ability across the lifespan and throughout one’s work career. Additionally, the critical issue of worker physical mobility was also addressed as a practical limitation to functional aging. Through our investigation, we identified gaps in the literature where research and interventions should be promoted. These include early disability studies; population dashboards of workers’ health metrics; intervention and cost effectiveness in health promotion and prevention of early functional aging at work; policies for tailoring demands to individual needs and abilities; and inequities of social protection for aging workers.

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Ngo, Le Van. "Multiculturalism in Australia and in Vietnam – a comparative perspective." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.747.

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Australia and Vietnam are two nations geographically distributed into two different continents. The formation process of the two nations-peoples and the formation of the two cultures bear a wide variety of different features. In recent years, the diplomatic relations, cultural and economic cooperation between the two nations have prospered with the passing of time. The paper focuses on the search for the similarities and differences as far as cultural aspects are concerned. However, due to constraints, especially foreign language competence, this paper only makes comparision in terms of similarities and differences in the two nations’ cultures; then, giving few comments on the similarities and differences.

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Zhou, Yuqiong, Tao He, and Feng Lin. "The Digital Divide Is Aging: An Intergenerational Investigation of Social Media Engagement in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912965.

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The aging-based digital divide has gained increased research attention in recent years. This research focused on two important aspects of the aging society, the digital divide and the intergenerational differences, with regard to social media usage in China. The data were collected through a household interview, using a nationally representative sample (n= 3790) from 58 cities in mainland China. The present study investigated the association between differentiated social media usage with demographic characteristics, social economic status, physical and mental health, and social media perceptions. The results show a significant digital divide and generational differences. The existing socio-economic inequalities and demographic variance largely explained older adults’ social media access and diversity of social media engagement. Social media perceptions play more essential roles in the intensity of social media engagement for each generation group. This study contributes a better understanding of the manner in which different factors are associated with different generations’ social media engagement. A discussion is included regarding the necessity to close the aging-based digital gap in order to cope with the issue of rapid aging.

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Chen, Zong Yu, Qian Xu, and Yao Zhi Huang. "Function Transformation to Adapt to Aging Development in Small Towns in Southern Jiangsu Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4079.

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With the unique geographic position and our own resources advantage, the functions undertaken by small towns in southern Jiangsu Province shall be transformed under the background of aging. By analyzing the key nodes of function transformation in small towns in southern Jiangsu Province and combining the requirements of current urban development situation, we make clear that the urban functions must transform to adapt to aging. Moreover, combing our own resource endowment of adaptive aging development, we make an analysis from the four aspects of location advantage, economic strength, land resource advantage and ecological environment advantage and propose the countermeasures for function transformation to adapt to aging development in small towns in southern Jiangsu Province in order to make them become a gathering place for the aged and the gather of silver age industry, and adapt to the challenges brought by aging development.

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Aragão, Áurea Machado de, and Antônio Martins De Oliveira Júnior. "Socioeconomic and demographic scenario of Brazil, India and Australia." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss9.1725.

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This work presents a study on the social, economic and demographic aspects of Brazil, India and Australia. For this study, a socioeconomic and demographic survey was carried out, analysing Brazil, India and Australia, aimed at comparing the current scenario of these three countries. For the qualitative and quantitative analysis, data mining on the World Bank, IndexMundi, CountryEconomy, Trading Economics and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) databases was performed, having subsequently drawn graphs that summarise the textual information found. With the results, among other conclusions, it was observed that Indian women are not highly present in the job market, with Brazil and Australia having an analogous rate of working women. Furthermore, a similarity was found between the rates of articles published in scientific journals in both Brazil and Australia. Regarding per capita spending on health, it could be noted that the rate in Australia is 10 times higher than in Brazil, while this rate is 20 times lower in India when compared to Brazil. It was also concluded that, although India has 60% more requests for resident and non-resident patent applications, the revenue from intellectual property in this country is 36% lower than the one in Australia and 19% lower than in Brazil.

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Brunet, Anne. "Model Organisms: Grandeur in the Diversity of Aging Organisms." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2667.

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Abstract Aging is a complex process that converts vigorous and healthy individuals into frail and decrepit ones, with increased susceptibility to a constellation of diseases. Human aging is influenced by many factors, including genetics, environment, lifestyle, sex, and socio-economic status. While aspects of aging can be studied directly in humans, discovering the causative factors that modulate this process often requires interventions and modeling. Traditional models will likely continue to provide a wealth of translatable information. Studying ‘extremophiles’ has exciting potential for providing new concepts that could be implemented for lifespan regulation. The development of new experimental models uniquely tailored to aging studies is also an essential step. This symposium will discuss African killifish, planarian, naked mole rats, and domestic dogs as new models for aging and exceptional longevity and rejuvenation. The iteration between new models and humans could be particularly helpful in delineating strategies to promote healthy aging and extend the disease-free portion of life.

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Hundt, David. "Residency without citizenship: Korean immigration and settlement in Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196819832772.

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This article focuses on the changing quality of citizenship in Australia, which is the idealized end-point of the process of immigration, by drawing on the experience of Korean immigrants. In the formal ( political) dimension of citizenship, the article shows that Koreans fare comparatively poorly. They are less likely to be citizens than most other groups of immigrants, due to factors such as the lateness of Korean immigration. The article also analyzes the social dimension of citizenship among Koreans in Australia, and their disappointing socio-economic outcomes. Korean immigrants, I argue, enjoy residency without citizenship, and their experience illustrates how the promise of Australian citizenship has eroded. This is a significant finding, given the prominent role that immigration has played in shaping all aspects of contemporary Australia.

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Zhao, Zhiqin, and Qiang Wang. "Prediction of Aging Population in Guangdong Province Based on Metabolic GM (1,1) Model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2381, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2381/1/012042.

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Abstract With the deepening of reform and opening up, Guangdong’s economic vitality continues to be maintained. People’s living standards and medical conditions have further improved, the population’s life expectancy has gradually increased, and the aging of the population has intensified. With the data of the elderly population aged 65 and above in Guangdong Province from 2011 to 2020, a metabolic GM (1,1) model is established based on the grey system theory, and the predictive value of the established model is tested. The results show: Q= 0.005189 ≤ 0.01; the mean square deviation ratio c= 0.064 ≤ 0.35; the test accuracy of the model is class I. The metabolic GM (1,1) model predicts that the population aged 65 and over in Guangdong Province will continue to increase in the next five years, and the problem of population aging is still severe. Therefore, it is necessary to change the situation. In the past, solutions to population aging only focused on the aspects of changing the population policy and the pension system. Now, we should fully consider the interrelationship of population aging on economic growth, savings and consumption, macroeconomic balance, and other indicators. We should actively respond to the urgent reality of the population aging in Guangdong with a systematic strategy.

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Sha, Aimin, Baowen Lou, Diego Maria Barbieri, and Inge Hoff. "Microwave Heating as an Innovative Road Maintenance Technology: Aging Effect on Binder and Feasibility Evaluation." Materials 15, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010316.

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The microwave heating/healing technique is regarded as a green maintenance approach for asphalt pavements thanks to its promising environmental and economic benefits. However, the main concern about this technology is represented by the possible aging effect generated on bituminous binders. Currently, there is a significant lack of studies dealing with this topic. Based on these premises, the main purpose of this study is to appraise the feasibility of implementing microwave-based maintenance operations considering the associated aging effect. The assessment of fatigue life after cyclic microwave heating (MH) based on a linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test and the changes in the chemical groups detected through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy document the aging phenomenon. The results indicate that the microwave aging degree on bituminous binder is nonlinear with MH cycles. The microwave radiation causes a distinct aging impact on binders during the first 10 cycles, then the values become constant. Furthermore, a feasibility analysis of MH technology is developed, encompassing four main multidisciplinary aspects: evaluation of microwave aging degree, working mechanism of MH equipment, safety assessment, and economic and ecological considerations. Despite the associated aging issue, the MH method is an efficient technology, considering its various advantages (i.e., rapidity of execution, uniform and non-pollutant treatment, and deep penetration). Meanwhile, the use of steel slag as a microwave absorber bolsters the sustainability of MH technology. This study provides a new perspective to evaluate the microwave heating technique in road engineering comprising the generated aging effect. Practice-oriented recommendations are also formulated regarding the safe implementation of MH technical operations.

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Abdo, Linda, Sandy Griffin, and Annabeth Kemp. "Apples for Oranges: Disparities in Offset Legislation and Policy among Jurisdictions and its Implications for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Australia." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i1.14081.

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As a signatory to Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (including the Sustainable Development Goals) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Australia has an international obligation to ensure sustainable development. Biodiversity offsets are one tool used by Australian regulators to allow development to continue, whilst ensuring international obligations for sustainable development are met. In this study, legislation, policy and published guidelines for the Australian Commonwealth, states and territories were analysed to determine if the application of biodiversity offsets was consistent with the principles of sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) and if the allowance of biodiversity offsets in different jurisdictions created gaps in biodiversity and environmental protection across Australia. Regulation of biodiversity offsets was found to be inconsistent between the Commonwealth and the states and territories, with most jurisdictions having less than 50% similarity. This inconsistency in offset policy and legislation between jurisdictions could lead to loss of biodiversity. Additionally, jurisdictions did not adequately consider the social and economic aspects of sustainability in relation to biodiversity offsets, meaning that, through the allowance of biodiversity offsets, Australia may not be meeting their international obligations related to sustainable development. Further legislative development for biodiversity offsets is required in Australia to improve environmental protection and to adequately consider all aspects of sustainability. The Council of Australian Governments is a mechanism that could be used to ensure all jurisdictions consider the aspects of sustainability consistently in relation to biodiversity offsets.

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Shanahan, Mairead. "‘An Unstoppable Force for Good’?: How Neoliberal Governance Facilitated the Growth of Australian Suburban-Based Pentecostal Megachurches." Religions 10, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10110608.

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Hillsong Church has received significant scholarly attention, which has observed the church’s rapid local and global growth. Several other Australian-based Pentecostal churches demonstrate a similar growth trajectory to Hillsong Church, namely: C3 Church, Citipointe Church, Planetshakers, and Influencers Church. To further scholarly understanding of aspects of this rapid growth, this paper discusses the emergence of economic rationalist policies which led to the neoliberal governance context in Australia. The paper argues that the emergence of this policy context, which emphasises marketization and privatisation, provided opportunities for suburban-based Pentecostal churches to expand activities beyond conducting worship services. The paper analyses materials produced by Hillsong Church, C3 Church, Citipointe Church, Planetshakers, and Influencers Church and associated educational, charity, and financial organisations. Through this analysis, the paper finds that the emergence of a neoliberal governance context in Australia provided opportunities for these churches to expand activities beyond traditional worship ceremonies to include additional activities such as running schools, Bible colleges, community care organisations, charity ventures, and financial institutions. The paper shows how economic rationalism and neoliberalism assisted in providing a context within which Australian-based suburban Pentecostal churches were able to take opportunities to grow aspects of church organisation, which helped to develop a global megachurch status. In this way, these churches took up opportunities that changes in political circumstances in Australia provided, developing a theology of growth actualised in expanding church-branded activities around the globe.

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Islam, M. Nazrul, and Dilip C. Nath. "A Future Journey to the Elderly Support in Bangladesh." Journal of Anthropology 2012 (June 19, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/752521.

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Bangladesh is not an exception from the global phenomenon of demographic aging. It is a relatively new issue in the country as its demographic transition started recently. An important issue on aging study is the support facility to the elderly. The support system to the elderly is gradually decreasing in this country though the burden does not reach the alarming situation. This paper tries to show the future path of demographic support capacity for the elderly based on secondary (1981–2001) and projected (2011–2071) data. The study shows a future gloomy picture of the elderly support facility in terms of both economic and caring aspects. This dimension of future inevitable aging problem needs proper attention to the policy makers for taking sustainable aging policies. Introduction of this agenda to the nation’s five-year planning will be effective to face the problem phase by phase.

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McKay, Graham R. "Policy and Indigenous languages in Australia." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.34.3.03mck.

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The use of Indigenous languages has been declining over the period of non-Aboriginal settlement in Australia as a result of repressive policies, both explicit and implicit. The National Policy on Languages (Lo Bianco, 1987) was the high point of language policy in Australia, given its national scope and status and its attempt to encompass all aspects of language use. Indigenous languages received significant recognition as an important social and cultural resource in this policy, but subsequent national policy developments moved via a focus on economic utility to an almost exclusive emphasis on English, exacerbated by a focus on national literacy standards. This is exemplified in the Northern Territory’s treatment of Indigenous bilingual education programs. Over recent years there have been hopeful signs in various states of policy developments supportive of Indigenous languages and in 2009 the Commonwealth Government introduced a new National Indigenous Languages Policy and a plan for a national curriculum in languages. Support for Indigenous languages remains fragmentary, however, and very much subservient to the dominant rhetoric about the need for English skills, while at the same time ignoring research that shows the importance of Indigenous and minority languages for social well-being and for developing English language skills.

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Meçe, Merita. "Population aging in Albanian post-socialist society: Implications for care and family life." SEEU Review 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2015-0033.

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Abstract Population aging is becoming an inevitable phenomenon in Albanian post-socialist society, posing multi-faceted challenges to its individuals, families and society as a whole. Since 1991, the Albanian population has been exposed to intensive demographic changes caused by unintended aspects of socio-economic transition from a planned socialist economy to a market-oriented capitalist one (Hoff, 2008). Ongoing processes of re-organization of social institutions increased its socio-economic insecurity leading to the application of various coping mechanisms. While adjusting themselves to other aspects of life, people changed their decisions of having children and leaving the country (Hoff, 2008). On the other hand, replacement of former traditional extended family forms with diverse living arrangements and family structures has been the outcome of the combination of three factors: falling fertility, increasing life expectancy and increasing migration (INSTAT, 2014). However, family remains the basic social unit that provides support, care and protection for its old members even though its capacities are diminishing. Family Life Cycle Theory views family development as a series of stages where family members deal with various developmental tasks and play different roles as they move from one stage to another. This paper examines population aging in Albanian post-socialist society (after 1990). Based on Family Life Cycle Theory and Family Development Theory, it reviews literature and uses secondary data to discuss its implications for elderly care and family life. It concludes that population aging requires better understanding of this process in order to facilitate a series of family adaptations to respond to the changing needs of its elderly members.

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Kusek, Weronika A. "Ukrainian migrants in Poland: Socio-economic inclusion or exclusion?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, no. 7 (November 2019): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219889877.

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Poland is an important country to study when assessing migration. In fact, many scholars who focus on migration and its impact on the local economy, in relation to Poland, focus on Polish migrants living and working in countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, or Australia. This viewpoint presents a different focus by addressing the need to conduct more work on migrants who are coming to Poland to work to fulfill labor shortages and take advantage of the country’s growing economy. Specifically this paper will look at Ukrainians who are migrating to Poland. The viewpoint will focus on push/pull factors and touch on aspects of the lived experience of Ukrainian migrants in Poland. This paper helps identify some observed trends from interviews to identify future research directions related to socio-economic inclusion or exclusion.

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Lyu, Ying, Xuenan Sun, Hong Chu, and Bingzhao Gao. "Improvement of Battery Life and Energy Economy for Electric Vehicles with Two-Speed Transmission." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133409.

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With the current energy environment background and development of the electrification of the automotive industry, a comprehensive economic indicator, in which the battery aging is further considered on the basis of conventional energy consumption, is proposed to research the energy optimization problem of two-speed electric vehicles. Firstly, a battery life model that adapts to vehicles under high dynamic conditions is introduced. Then, the speed optimal control problem of the two-speed electric vehicles in the acceleration–cruise–deceleration process is established and solved. Finally, the simulation results of two different performance indicators are contrasted and the performance improvement of the two-speed gearbox to the electric vehicles is analyzed. The simulation results under various working scenarios and driving cycles demonstrate that, compared with the conventional economic indicator considering the energy consumption only, the proposed economic indicator can significantly improve the battery life. In addition, it can also be seen that, compared with the one-speed electric vehicles, the application of a two-speed gearbox provides better performance from the aspects of battery aging saving and energy consumption.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aging – Economic aspects – Australia'

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