Journal articles on the topic 'Aging – Cross-cultural studies – Case studies'
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Skemp, L. "CROSS-NATIONAL COMMUNITY CASE STUDIES OF RESILIENCE AND AGING." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.1609.
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BATH, PETER A., DORLY DEEG, and JAN POPPELAARS. "The harmonisation of longitudinal data: a case study using data from cohort studies in The Netherlands and the United Kingdom." Ageing and Society 30, no. 8 (September 29, 2010): 1419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1000070x.
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents a case study of the challenges and requirements associated with harmonising data from two independently-conceived datasets from The Netherlands and the United Kingdom: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) and the Nottingham Longitudinal Study of Activity and Ageing (NLSAA). The objectives were to create equivalent samples and variables, and to identify the methodological differences that affect the comparability of the samples. Data are available from the two studies' 1992–93 surveys for respondents born during 1908–20, and the common data set had 1,768 records and enabled the creation of 26 harmonised variables in the following domains: demographic composition and personal finances, physical health, mental health and loneliness, contacts with health services, physical activity, religious attendance and pet ownership. The ways in which the methodological differences between the two studies and their different selective attrition might lead to sample differences were carefully considered. It was concluded that the challenges of conducting cross-national comparative research using independent datasets include differences in sampling, study design, measurement instruments, response rates and selective attrition. To reach conclusions from any comparative study about substantive socio-cultural differences, these challenges must first be identified and addressed.
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Manaila, Elena, Maria Stelescu, and Gabriela Craciun. "Degradation Studies Realized on Natural Rubber and Plasticized Potato Starch Based Eco-Composites Obtained by Peroxide Cross-Linking." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 2862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102862.
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The obtaining and characterization of some environmental-friendly composites that are based on natural rubber and plasticized starch, as filler, are presented. These were obtained by peroxide cross-linking in the presence of a polyfunctional monomer used here as cross-linking co-agent, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The influence of plasticized starch amount on the composites physical and mechanical characteristics, gel fraction and cross-link density, water uptake, structure and morphology before and after accelerated (thermal) degradation, and natural (for one year in temperate climate) ageing, was studied. Differences of two orders of magnitude between the degradation/aging methods were registered in the case of some mechanical characteristics, by increasing the plasticized starch amount. The cross-link density, water uptake and mass loss were also significant affected by the plasticized starch amount increasing and exposing for one year to natural ageing in temperate climate. Based on the results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and cross-link density measurements, reaction mechanisms attributed to degradation induced by accelerated and natural ageing were done. SEM micrographs have confirmed in addition that by incorporating a quantity of hydrophilic starch amount over 20 phr and by exposing the composites to natural ageing, and then degradability can be enhanced by comparing with thermal degradation.
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Rose, Alessandra De, Filomena Racioppi, Pietro Checcucci, Maria Felice Arezzo, and Corrado Polli. "The Workforce Aging and Challenges for Policy and for Business. The Case of Italy." Review of European Studies 11, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n4p60.
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Across Europe, the working age population is decreasing and aging. In this study, with reference to Italy, we analyze the main demographic trends underlying these processes. By using data from the continuous Labor Force Survey, we show the effects of the overall population dynamics on workforce age structure and its composition by professional activities and economic sector. We argue that the observed changes in the labor market are only partially due to demographic trends since they are strictly intertwined with the rigidity of the Italian economic system. We then illustrate the results of two sample surveys conducted among large and small-medium Italian enterprises, respectively. The main result is that the Italian businesses are moderately aware of the aging process of their human resources, and only a few are worried about it. Only few larger companies are actively implementing strategies of age management in order to cope with the issue. Finally, we discuss the implications for the policy of the above results, also in the light of recommendations from the international organizations.
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Torres, Sandra, and Gunhild Hammarström. "Successful aging as an oxymoron." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 4, no. 1 (October 29, 2009): 23–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.094123.
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Notions of what it means to age well or successfully are central to social gerontological research and practice. As such, one would expect that there would be consensus as to what the construct of successful aging means and/or how aging well is achieved. This is not, however, the case which is why this study explores the meanings that a group of older people (i.e. some with home-help care and some without) attach to this construct. The empirical material is constituted of 16 semi-structured interviews. The findings bring to fore the different resources (such as physical, mental, psycho-social, spiritual, and financial ones) that are associated with successful aging and the kind of outlook on life that is regarded as useful if one wants to age well. Differences between home-help care recipients and those that do not receive this type of care were found. Those that are managing without the help offered by home-help care services listed more resources and offered more nuanced descriptions of what successful aging means than those that receive home- help care. This suggests that receiving home-help care and/or not being able to manage primarily on one’s own might shape the manner in which older people think about what constitutes a good old age. The in-depth analysis of the notions of successful aging that were brought to the fore suggests also the paradoxical fact that the title of this article attests to; namely that some associate aging well with not aging at all and deem, in fact, the term successful aging to be an oxymoron.
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Jerslev, Anne. "The look of ageing: Agelessness as post-feminist cool? - The aging female CEO in contemporary US TV series." MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 33, no. 63 (November 2, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v33i63.24908.
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Recently, older women have started becoming more visible in the media: in film, on television, and in fashion and beauty ads. Taking as my case the representations of the ageing woman as successful CEO in three recent US television series, I address the kind of visibility that is embodied by the older female character in contemporary media. Drawing on discussions of ageing and the female body from cultural gerontology and cultural studies as well as theoretical discussions and empirical studies of representations of ageing women in film and television, I address the notions of agelessness and age appropriateness in relation to the three female CEOs and ask whether the characters represent alternative media images of the older female or merely a new form of ageism.
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Van Poucke, Piet. "Aging as a motive for literary retranslation." Translation and Interpreting Studies 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.12.1.05van.
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Abstract One of the concepts that is regularly referred to in studies on retranslation, but has not yet been extensively investigated or operationalized, is the (alleged) aging of (literary) translations. While the assumption that every generation deserves its own translation of canonical literary works is taken for granted, particularly by non-academic critics of literary (re)translations, this notion does not seem to be as prevalent in academia. In this article, I review the scholarly literature on retranslation in order to determine how the concept of aging has been defined and described in translation studies so far. The findings of this survey will subsequently be tested out with a number of case studies on literary retranslation, allowing us to determine the relative importance of the concept and define its different aspects. Finally, I present the first results of an empirical pilot study on aging in literary translation, and will suggest several lines for further investigation that would allow translation studies to further operationalize the concept for future, more comprehensive and systematic analyses of aging in all its different (linguistic, translational, and cultural) aspects.
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Robbins-Panko, Jessica. "THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY HISTORIES OF ACTIVE AGING IN POLAND." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2650.
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Abstract In contemporary Poland, Universities of the Third Age are the most visible institutional forms of active aging. These lifelong-learning institutions that are specifically for retirees often cultivate ideals of independence through workshops and classes that teach new, and potentially transformative, skills and hobbies (Kobylarek, 2018). Universities of the Third Age in Poland emerged out of the fields of andragogy, pedagogy, and social work, fields that have regional intellectual roots in the late 19th/early 20th-century presocialist era, and are based on radically different ideals of personhood, relationality, and care than those of the contemporary postsocialist neoliberal era (Robbins, 2021). This paper analyzes 1) historical data from institutional archives of two Universities of the Third Age in Poland, and 2) secondary sources on histories of andragogy, pedagogy, and social work, to create a locally grounded intellectual history of active aging in central and eastern Europe. The Polish case offers an opportunity to think across divergent political-economic eras, in which assumptions about the value of a person to society have shifted. By tracing how the fields of andragogy, pedagogy, and social work have shaped active aging in Poland, this paper finds that 1) dichotomies of East/West, socialist/capitalist, and individual/collective are insufficient to explain the history of contemporary practices of active aging, and 2) intellectual history can reveal complex relations between political-economic change, and ideals and practices of aging. These findings have implications for advancing gerontological theories of 1) active aging in cross-cultural contexts, and 2) how active aging relates to sociopolitical change.
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Domino, George, Sushila Niles, and Sunita Devi Raj. "Attitudes toward Suicide: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Singaporean and Australian University Students." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 28, no. 2 (March 1994): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/menk-8y8p-9tuj-44cy.
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The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ), a measure of attitudes toward suicide, was administered to two samples of university students, one from Singapore ( n = 100) and one from Australia ( n = 82). Of the fifteen SOQ factors, ten showed statistically significant mean differences, with Singaporean students endorsing greater disagreement on the factors of Acceptability and Demographic aspects, and Australian students endorsing greater disagreement on the factors of Suicide as semiserious, Religion, Lethality, Normality, Irreversibility, Aging, Individual Aspects, and Sensation seeking. A regression analysis of the SOQ factors as related to self-reported religiosity indicated that for the Singaporean students religious attendance was related to the SOQ factors of Acceptability, Mental and Moral Illness, and Lethality, while self-reported degree of religiosity was related to the SOQ factor of Religion. For the Australian students degree of religiosity was related to the SOQ factors of Acceptability, Mental and Moral Illness, and Religion.
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Pellegrino, Elisa. "The effect of healthy aging on within-speaker rhythmic variability: A case study on Noam Chomsky." Loquens 6, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2019.060.
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Speech rhythm varies noticeably from language to language, and within the same language as a function of numerous linguistic, prosodic and speaker-dependent factors, among which is the speaker’s age. Cross-sectional studies comparing the acoustic characteristics of young and old voices have documented that healthy aging affects speech rhythm variability. This kind of studies, however, presents one fundamental limitation: They group together people with different life experiences, healthy conditions and aging rate. This makes it very difficult to disentangle the effect of aging from that of other factors when interpreting the rhythmic differences between younger and older adults. In the present paper, we overcame such difficulty by tracing rhythmic variability within one single individual longitudinally. We examined 5 public talks held by Noam Chomsky, from when he was 40 to when he was 89. Within-speaker rhythmic variability was quantified through a variety of rate measures (segment/consonant and vowel rate) and rhythmic metrics (%V, %Vn, nPVI-V, n-PVI-C). The results showed that physiological aging affected speech rate measures, but not the durational characteristics of vocalic and consonantal intervals. More longitudinal data from numerous speakers of the same language are necessary to identify generalizable patterns in age-related rhythmic variability.
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Falzarano, Francesca, Jerad Moxley, Karl Pillemer, and Sara Czaja. "Cross-Cultural Differences in Caregiving: Investigating the Role of Familism and Social Support." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1249.
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Abstract Cultural diversity in the United States (US) reflects a demographic shift, with a growing population of minority older adults and a subsequent increase in minority family caregivers providing care to aging adults. Research has demonstrated heterogeneity in the caregiving experience, with increasing focus placed on examining the impact of cultural values on caregiver (CG) outcomes. Familism has been investigated as a driving mechanism of cross-cultural differences in caregiving outcomes, yet prior work examining this relationship has yielded mixed findings. Using the sociocultural stress and coping model as a guiding framework, we examined, in a sample of 243 CGs who participated in the Caring for the Caregiver Network Study, a randomized controlled trial examining a culturally-tailored technology-based psychosocial intervention, the influence of familism and social support on positive aspects of caregiving, depressive symptoms, and caregiver burden. We also examined how these relationships vary as a function of race/ethnicity, the CG’s relationship to the care-recipient, other sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., SES status), and acculturation. Results showed that African American and Hispanic CGs exhibited higher levels of familism compared to Whites. In African Americans, familism predicted higher positive caregiving appraisals, and social support significantly predicted lower burden and depression. In Hispanics, levels of familism varied as a function of acculturation, with lower levels of familism identified among US Hispanic natives. Our findings highlight that cultural beliefs, such as familism, as well as social support may be adaptive in protecting against adverse CG outcomes and point to directions for future culturally congruent, family-centered intervention approaches.
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Gaugler, Joseph, Laura Gitlin, and Beth Prusaczyk. "IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE IN DEMENTIA CARE: METHODOLOGICAL, CULTURAL, AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.814.
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Abstract The gap between aging science and practice persists. Getting the best possible evidence into the real world is a particular challenge in gerontology because of the complex needs of older persons, the family caregiving experience, the workforce shortage, and underlying structural concerns with how services for older people are regulated, paid for, and valued. The purpose of this symposium is to consider contextual dimensions to facilitate implementation, methodological considerations, strategies to inform cultural adaptation of evidence-based innovations, and how creativity and innovation in low- and middle-income countries can better inform implementation practices in resource rich countries and vice-versa. Specifically, Dr. Marie Boltz and colleagues will examine the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of organizational readiness for implementation and the operationalization of the construct. Dr. Joseph Gaugler and co-authors will provide case examples of three “hybrid effectiveness” trials in dementia care in different care settings including community-based and residential long-term care settings, each of which incorporate implementation methods alongside traditional evaluations of effectiveness. Dr. Lauren Parker and her team will demonstrate how cultural adaptation strategies were applied to facilitate the implementation of a community-based, evidence-based dementia care intervention. Dr. Baker and colleagues consider implementation issues and innovations in low- and middle-income countries. Dr. Beth Prusaczyk, an implementation expert, will serve as Discussant and highlight future implementation issues to advance best practices that facilitate and expedite the translation of aging science.
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Lee, Sanghee, Jinmoo Heo, and Sanghee Chun. "BENEFITS OF VOLUNTEERING ON RESILIENCE WITH AGING: A CASE STUDY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2165.
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Abstract As the study of volunteering among older adults continues to evolve, questions of the benefits of volunteering are of growing interest to many researchers. Volunteering may develop resilience in older adults as it can serve as a coping strategy as they recover from adverse events or other life challenges. We explored the perceived benefits of volunteering on resilience in later life among older adults who perform Korean traditional dance on voluntary basis. We used a qualitative design with a case study method. In this study, older adults’ volunteer dance performing was taken as a case. A case design enables researchers to understand social and cultural phenomenon in depth using a wide range of data collection and analysis methods. Thirteen volunteer performers of Korean traditional dance whose ages ranged between 61-74 years were recruited for in-depth interviews (11 females and 2 males). The analysis of the transcripts generated five themes related to the benefits of volunteering: (1) finding a sense of self-worth through serving others, (2) finding a sense of purpose, (3) experiencing gratitude, (4) renewing a younger self, and (5) building companionship. The findings of this study provided an empirical support showing how volunteering experience benefited resilience among the volunteers in the face of challenges associated with aging by maximizing positive physical, social, and psychological outcomes through involvement in voluntary dance performance. The findings also provide guidance for researchers and practitioners in positions to better serve older adults and thereby suggest volunteering as a resilience strategy in later life.
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Sass, Dilorom (Delia), Brennan Streck, Diane Cooper, Jennifer Guida, and Terri Armstrong. "BIOM-61. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BIOLOGIC CORRELATES OF FRAILTY IN SOLID TUMORS: IMPLICATIONS FOR BRAIN TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii18—vii19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.071.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Cancer and cancer treatments contribute to accelerated aging and frailty, which is present in over 50% of adult cancer survivors and increases vulnerability to poor outcomes. Biomarkers of frailty would allow for early identification and timely interventions. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current literature examining biomarkers of frailty across solid tumor patients, including primary brain tumors (PBT). METHODS The systematic review was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched by the medical librarian (D.C.) of all reports from the inception to December 08, 2021. Inclusion criteria were: a) English language, b) biomarkers of aging hallmarks, c) association between biomarkers and frailty. Studies were limited to human solid tumors. Two reviewers (D.S. and B.P.S.) independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles using Covidence platform with conflict resolution by the third researcher (T.S.A.). Included studies were independently evaluated for quality assessment using NIH tools for Observational Cohort, Cross-Sectional and Case-Control studies. RESULTS In total, 915 reports were screened and 15 full-text articles were included for the review. Studies were most commonly in breast tumors with no PBTs identified. Most were cross-sectional using small sample sizes. Fried, Balducci, and Leuven Oncogeriatric Frailty tools and cytokines (i.e. Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) were commonly used. Increased inflammatory response was the prevalent identified mechanism. Threats to internal validity of the studies were the use of unvalidated cut-off scores or modification of existing tools in about 50% of studies. Only six studies were rated as good using quality assessment ratings. CONCLUSIONS Varied use of frailty measures and nonspecific blood biomarkers limited conclusions for mechanisms of frailty in cancer survivors. There are missed opportunities in neuro-oncology; inclusion of frailty assessment and biomarkers is instrumental to advancing science in PBTs.
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Yang, Wenzhe, Kaiwang Cui, X. Li, J. Zhao, Z. Zeng, R. Song, Xiuying Qi, and Weili Xu. "Effect of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function: Evidence from Population-based Studies and Clinical Trials." Journal of nutrition, health & aging 25, no. 10 (November 4, 2021): 1190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1685-4.
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AbstractDue to progressive population aging, a new dementia case occurs at every 3 seconds, placing a heavy burden of disease. Identifying potential risk or preventive factors is emphasized owing to a lack of effective treatment for dementia. There has been emerging evidence on the link of certain dietary components, particularly polyphenols, to brain wellness and cognitive outcomes. Findings from animal and in vitro studies appear more consistent and conclusive. However, such an association has not been investigated in depth in human beings. In this review, we examined studies on the effect of dietary polyphenols (including flavonoids, curcumin, and resveratrol) on cognitive function. Intervention in early stages of dementia/Alzheimer’s disease might be a target to slow down age-related cognitive decline before disease onset. We summarized 28 epidemiological studies (8 cross-sectional and 20 cohort studies) and 55 trials in this review. Preliminary evidence from epidemiological data provides the necessity for intervention trials, even though the measures of polyphenol intake tend to be less precise. Clinical trials are in favor of the role of some polyphenols in benefiting specific domains of cognition. This review also describes the divergence of results and current limitations of research in this field.
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Avni, Elinore. "CROSS-NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD FAMILY AND GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT FOR ELDER AND CHILD CARE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.223.
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Abstract Population aging in wealthy western nations has raised concerns about who will provide care to older adults. At the same time, the rise of single parenthood and dual-career families has heightened the need for childcare. As governments and families face challenges in meeting these dual needs, this study compares responses to the question of “who should primarily provide” eldercare and childcare across three countries: the US, Germany and Israel. Analysis of 2012 International Social Survey Programme data reveals that while persons in the US endorse family as care providers to both older adults and children, Israelis endorse government as eldercare providers yet family as the source of childcare provision. German respondents prefer both government and family as childcare providers, yet believe the government should provide eldercare. The paper discusses how cross-national differences in attitudes toward care are associated with cultural and socio-economic characteristics, and highlights implications for policy and practice.
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Keisari, Shoshi, Nisha Sajnani, and Dovrat Harel. "Creative Arts Therapies to Enhance Mental Health Over the Course of Aging: Research and Implications." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2170.
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Abstract The creative arts therapies (CATs) are health care professions that involve the intentional and systematic use of the creative and expressive process of art making to optimize health and well-being. Visual arts, music, dance-movement, drama and poetry provide means of expression to help individuals understand, make sense of, and cope with life challenges within a therapeutic relationship. Older adults develop a better attitude toward CATs, as the creative processes position them as active productive contributors in their own communities, instead of “patients” or “clients”. In this sense, CATs encourage participation, and address the negative attitudes and stigma that are sometimes associated with mental health services. This symposium aims to present a diverse picture of studies on CATs for the aging population. Dr. Nisha Sajnani will present a systematic review of studies on CATs for older adults experiencing depression; Dr. Dovrat Harel will present findings from a qualitative study that explored poems written by poetry groups of men in residential care facilities; Dr. Shoshi Keisari will present an evidence-based model that integrates life-review and drama therapy; Silvia Piol, Talia Elkarif and Giada Mola will present a cross-cultural study that explored the experiences of Italian and Israeli participants during an online intervention that focused on the creation of digital photo-collages during COVID-19; Finally, Racheli Lital Gvili will present a study focused on intergenerational music intervention, as a vehicle to bridge the gap between grandparents and grandchildren, which was conducted at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kellett, Kathy, Martha Porter, Dorothy Wakefield, and Julie Robison. "Connecticut’s Veterans-Directed Care Program Outcomes Compared to HCBS Waiver Participants: HCBS CAHPS Results." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1396.
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Abstract Connecticut (CT) Veterans Directed Home and Community Based Services Program (VDC) is an innovative Veterans Administration (VA) services option providing veterans at risk of institutionalization with person-centered consumer-directed long-term services and supports at home. Funded by an Administration for Community Living grant, the CT Department of Aging and Disability Services partnered with the VA, the five CT Area Agencies on Aging, and UConn Health Center on Aging (UConn). UConn researchers conducted the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems in Home and Community Based Services (HCBS CAHPS) survey with VDC participants (n=36) from October 2019 through March 2020. The standardized, validated HCBS CAHPS survey, which Connecticut administers to individuals in most CT Medicaid HCBS programs, is a universal, cross-disability tool to assess/improve the quality of HCBS programs. Analyses compared VDC participants’ program experiences to survey results from individuals in the Connecticut Home Care Program (CHCP) (for older adults) (n=629), Personal Care Assistance (PCA) (n=282), and Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) (n=327) waiver programs. Notably, more VDC participants (91%) knew who their support broker was, compared to CHCP, ABI, and PCA (82%, 79%, and 72%, respectively) who knew their case manager; 91% of VDC participants gave their support broker the highest rating, compared to 66% to 74% of participants in other programs who rated their case manager. This study provides strong evidence that the CT VDC program is positively impacting veterans and that the AAAs and support brokers are effectively helping them receive the HCBS they need in a consumer-directed way.
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Korkmaz Yaylagul, Nilufer, Hande Kirisik, Joana Bernardo, Carina Dantas, Willeke van Staalduinen, Maddalena Illario, Vincenzo De Luca, João Apóstolo, and Rosa Silva. "Trends in Telecare Use among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 16672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416672.
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A scoping review was conducted to map and analyze the concept of telecare services and the trends in telecare use. This scoping review was conducted according to Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. A search was conducted in CINAHL (via EBSCO), ERIC, Academic Search Ultimate, and MEDLINE/PubMed databases. This scoping review considered quantitative (e.g., analytical observational studies, including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control, analytical cross-sectional, and descriptive-observational studies), qualitative (e.g., phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and action research), and mixed-method primary studies. Forty research articles published from 1 January 2012, to 1 January 2022 were included in this review, these studies met the eligibility criteria as all were focused on telecare and targeting older adults over 65 living at home. The reviewers coded the data in an Excel spreadsheet, including the articles’ title, year, author, journal information and subject, research methods, sample size, location, and summary. Then, the researchers analyzed the conceptual definitions, measurement techniques, and findings in detail and the findings were grouped into categories. The trends around the concept of telecare are independent living, remote care, aging in place, and safety. Telecare research focuses mainly on service use, chronic illness, ethics, and cost-effectiveness. Technology acceptance among older individuals is a critical factor for telecare use. The results found in the literature about the cost-effectiveness of telecare are inconsistent.
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Hou, Su-I., Chien-Ching Li, and Darren Liu. "Behavioral Health, Social Engagement, and Long-Term Care Services Use Among Community Older Adults: USA vs. Taiwan." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1344.
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Abstract As healthcare advances, older adults are living longer. While 90% of older adults prefer aging in their own homes and communities, it is important to examine key factors influencing healthy aging-in-community and community-based long-term care (LTC) services available in different countries. This symposium examines behavioral health, social engagement, and LTC services utilization among community-dwelling older adults in the USA and Taiwan. Lessons learned from older adults across countries will provide insights for tailored community-based LTC services and program development. Dr. Hou from The University of Central Florida (UCF) will highlight similarities and differences in behavioral health profiles and the topics that most interest community-dwelling older Americans participating in three aging-in-community programs in Central Florida. Dr. Wang from Case Western Reserve University will examine the impact of neighborhood social cohesion on mobility among community-dwelling older Americans aged 65 and older from the national Health and Retirement Study. Dr. Liu from National Cheng-Kung University in Taiwan will share results of healthy lifestyle on quality of life among community-dwelling older adults in southern Taiwan. Dr. Young from State University of New York at Albany will compare long-term care use among community-dwelling older adults with and without dementia in Central Taiwan. Finally, Drs. Cao and Hou from UCF will analyze home and community-based services in the USA versus Taiwan. This symposium will further discuss similarities and differences of key factors related to healthy aging-in-community, along with practical recommendations and lessons learned across countries and cultural environments to improve community-based long-term care services and programs.
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Canudas, Silvia, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Pablo Hernández-Alonso, Serena Galié, Cindy Leung, Marta Crous-Bou, Immaculata De Vivo, et al. "Mediterranean Diet and Telomere Length: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 6 (July 30, 2020): 1544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa079.
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ABSTRACT Accelerated telomere shortening has been associated with several age-related diseases and/or decreased lifespan in humans. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered to be 1 of the most recognized diets for disease prevention and healthy aging, partially due to its demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties which may impact on telomere length (TL). The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the associations between MedDiet adherence and TL maintenance. MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched up to December 2018 for studies evaluating the association between MedDiet adherence and TL in blood cells. Two reviewers, working independently, screened all titles and abstracts to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria [cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English and excluded nonoriginal articles]. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using the random effects model and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was identified using the Cochran Q test and quantified by the I2 statistic. A total of 8 original cross-sectional studies were included for the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising a total of 13,733 participants from 5 countries. A positive association between adherence to the MedDiet and TL was observed in all meta-analyses, with the exception of those conducted only in men: SMD (95% CI) of 0.130 (0.029; 0.231) for all subjects, 0.078 (0.005; 0.152) for women, and 0.095 (–0.005; 0.195) for men. Only 1 prospective cohort study and 1 RCT were identified, therefore, we could not undertake a meta-analysis for these study designs. The present meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies demonstrates that higher MedDiet adherence is associated with longer TL. At the same time, larger and high-quality prospective studies and clinical trials are warranted to confirm this association.
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Stauffer, Jill. "Law, Politics, the Age of Responsibility, and the Problem of Child Soldiers." Law, Culture and the Humanities 16, no. 1 (July 16, 2016): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872116660777.
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This article considers debates about criminal responsibility for child soldiers as a lens through which we can view intersections between legal and political theory, legal and political practice, and interdisciplinary study of law. The case of Dominic Ongwen, victim and perpetrator of the same crimes, currently before the International Criminal Court, elucidates some challenges to the contemporary model of legal response to complex protracted conflict. The argument discusses how legal standards, political realities, theories of responsibility, and widespread assumptions about time and aging interact in this field of judgment, and aims to point the reader toward broader possibilities for retribution and recovery.
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Ramos, Luiz R., João Toniolo N., Maysa S. Cendoroglo, Jacqueline T. Garcia, Myrian S. Najas, Monica Perracini, Cristina R. Paola, et al. "Two-year follow-up study of elderly residents in S. Paulo, Brazil: methodology and preliminary results." Revista de Saúde Pública 32, no. 5 (October 1998): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101998000500001.
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INTRODUCTION: Previous cross-sectional studies have shown a high prevalence of chronic disease and disability among the elderly. Given Brazil’s rapid aging process and the obvious consequences of the growing number of old people with chronic diseases and associated disabilities for the provision of health services, a need was felt for a study that would overcome the limitations of cross-sectional data and shed some light on the main factors determining whether a person will live longer and free of disabling diseases, the so-called successful aging. The methodology of the first follow-up study of elderly residents in Brazil is presented. METHOD: The profile of the initial cohort is compared with previous cross-sectional data and an in-depth analysis of nonresponse is carried out in order to assess the validity of future longitudinal analysis. The EPIDOSO (‘Epidemiologia do Idoso’) Study conducted a two-year follow-up of 1,667 elderly people (65+), living in S. Paulo. The study consisted of two waves, each consisting of household, clinical, and biochemical surveys. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In general, the initial cohort showed a similar profile to previous cross-sectional samples in S. Paulo. There was a majority of women, mostly widows, living in multigenerational households, and a high prevalence of chronic illnesses, psychiatric disturbances, and physical disabilities. Despite all the difficulties inherent in follow-up studies, there was a fairly low rate of nonresponse to the household survey after two years, which did not actually affect the representation of the cohort at the final household assessment, making unbiased longitudinal analysis possible. Concerning the clinical and blood sampling surveys, the respondents tended to be younger and less disabled than the nonrespondents, limiting the use of the clinical and laboratory data to longitudinal analysis aimed at a healthier cohort. It is worth mentioning that gender, education, family support, and socioeconomic status were not important determinants of nonresponse, as is often the case.
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Loy-Ashe, Tarah, and Brent Hawkins. "Intersections of ageism and gender stigma: Exploring long-term care employees' attitudes towards aging." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3408.
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Abstract The purpose of this mixed methods, single case study was to explore long-term care (LTC) employees’ attitudes towards age and gender. The intersection of Rosemary Garland-Thomson’s theory of feminist disability (2001) and Hailee Gibbons’ compulsory youthfulness theory (2016) provided the conceptual framework for this project. The sample consisted of 60 LTC direct care employees, all employed at the same organization, who completed an on-line survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey consisted of demographic questions and the Fraboni Scale of Ageism. Twenty-one of these employees participated in a 30-45 minute phone interview. Cultural artifacts were also collected. All data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although quantitative results showed no statistical significance, qualitative results suggest that employees do exhibit some ageist attitudes towards the residents for whom they care. Despite evidence that most employees felt a deep connection with residents, they detached themselves from the aging process. The theoretical framework lends hand in explaining how both ableism and ageism appeared to contribute to this detachment. Findings indicated employees’ interactions and attitudes towards residents were influenced by themes compassionate ageism, ableism, and identity, which resulted in meta theme caregiver validation and reward. Employees received validation and altruistic reward from positive interactions with what they perceived to be “ideal” residents; those who fit the stereotype of a nursing home resident, such as older, pleasant, and dependent. The perceived “ideal” residents varied by gender. Generally, female residents were expected to be more independent and at times viewed negatively when requesting assistance.
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Waldron, Danielle, Emily Hartford, Jacquelin Sauer, and Jeffrey Stokes. "SERVED BY SYSTEMS: AGING WITH INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES AND INEQUITIES IN HEALTHCARE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3055.
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Abstract Adults and older adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) often experience medical complexity, accelerated aging, and shortened life expectancy. This project explores health service utilization (HSU) of adults with I/DD receiving state services in the U.S. over the adult lifespan before and after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Three waves of cross-sectional data (2008–2019) from the National Core Indicators-In Person Survey were analyzed using multilevel mixed effects logistic regression (n=46,284). Older adults with I/DD were more likely to receive a physical exam, flu vaccine, eye exam, hearing test, and a dental exam compared to younger individuals, although these differences were small. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were less likely to receive physical exams, flu vaccines, and dental exams; non-Hispanic other were less likely to receive eye exams and dental exams; and Hispanic persons were less likely to receive eye exams, flu vaccines, and dental exams. Individuals with I/DD living in states that expanded Medicaid were at 68% greater odds of receiving a physical exam than those who did not. Our research indicates that overall adults with I/DD are not yet reaching HSU of pre-ACA times, perhaps due to the oversaturation of existing providers. National and state policies, along with individual case management each play a role in ensuring healthy aging of individuals with I/DD. A call to action to better understand and integrate these three entities may help improve the potential for healthy aging of this group.
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Kleineidam, Luca, Andrea R. Zammit, Alyssa DeVito, Richard B. Lipton, Oliver Peters, Alfredo Ramirez, Michael Wagner, and Graciela Muniz Terrera. "THE APOE-ε4 ALLELE AND AGE SYNERGISTICALLY DRIVE DISEASE PROGRESSION IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3427.
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Abstract The Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias. Cross-sectional case-control studies suggest that the effect of APOE-ε4 decreases in old age. However, since APOE- ε4 is associated with mortality, these studies might be prone to bias due to selective survival. Therefore, we used multi-state-modeling in longitudinal cohort studies to examine the effect of APOE-ε4 on the transition through cognitive states (i.e. cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia) while taking death as a competing risk into account. Results from the German AgeCoDe study (n=3000, aged 75-101 years) showed that APOE-ε4 increases the risk for cognitive deterioration in all disease stages. Contrary to results from cross-sectional studies, the effect of APOE-ε4 on the transition from MCI to dementia increased with increasing age (HR=1.044, 95%-CI=1.001-1090). The direction of this effect was confirmed in a smaller sample from the Einstein Aging Study (n=744, HR=1.032, 95%-CI=0.949-1.122). To examine the pathophysiological basis of these results, generalized additive models were used to study AD biomarkers in the liquor of 1045 patients with MCI or AD-dementia. Here, increased amyloid (Abeta1-42) pathology was associated with increased tau pathology (pTau181), consistent with the amyloid-cascade-hypothesis. Interestingly, higher age and presence of the APOE-ε4 synergistically lowered the amount of amyloid required to exacerbate tau pathology (interaction p=0.012). Taken together, our results suggest that the effect of APOE-ε4 on disease progression increases with advancing age. An altered neuroinflammatory response to neurodegeneration should be further explored as potential underlying mechanism.
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Hills, Matt. "Cult TV Revival: Generational Seriality, Recap Culture, and the “Brand Gap” of Twin Peaks: The Return." Television & New Media 19, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 310–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417742976.
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By exploring one case study of a cult TV revival after decades off-air— Twin Peaks: The Return (Showtime, 2017)—this article defines and then focuses on generational seriality. I consider how the gap of twenty-six years between 1990s Twin Peaks and The Return has impacted on its resurrection by reading new Twin Peaks for its representations of aging and loss. I further consider how fantastical connotations of dementia via the figure of Dougie Jones/Dale Cooper (Kyle MacLachlan) generate a “brand gap” between new and old Twin Peaks. Finally, I address how recap culture has shaped The Return’s generational meanings, separating out “good” subscription TV Twin Peaks from its U.S. network TV predecessor and “quality TV” contemporaries. Although recappers have suggested that Twin Peaks: The Return represents the defeat of TV recap culture, The Return remains equally gothic—marked by doppelgängers and others—in its Showtime text and its recaps.
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Hanna, Gay P., Pamela Saunders, and Niyati Dhokai. "CREATING STRENGTH IN AGE: HARNESSING THE POWER OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES NETWORKS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.110.
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Abstract Arts and Humanities networks harness social capital in the service of older populations creating strength in age. This symposium will feature presentations in aging, arts, education, health and humanities exemplifying enormous and often underutilized resources readily available to engage older people across the spectrum of aging to combat decline and frailty at cognitive and physiological levels. Presenters will describe innovative partnership projects such as Sound Health, an initiative developed by the National Institutes of Health and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts to expand knowledge and understanding of how listening, performing, or creating music could be harnessed for health and well-being; hybrid arts and humanities in health programs based within medical systems such as the Center for Performing Arts in Medicine at Texas Medical Center: Houston Methodist promoting research/evaluation of arts inventions to improve overall quality of patient care; and, MedStar Georgetown Lombardi Arts and Humanities Program providing a continuum of support for older patients and their caregivers from diagnoses through treatment processes. A Georgetown University case study will be presented on how arts, ethics and humanities are necessary and ideal components of an interdisciplinary master’s degree program in aging studies to ensure understanding a diverse and inter-generational cohort and student’s cultural value systems. The symposium will conclude with a presentation from the National Endowment of the Arts describing program service infrastructures across the country supporting arts engagement of older people, their families and caregivers focusing on lifelong learning; health and well-being; and age friendly design
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Lu, Shiyu. "HOW TO ENGAGE SENIORS AS VOLUNTEERS IN SOCIAL CARE SECTORS: A CASE STUDY OF A TIMEBANK IN HONG KONG." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 877–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3133.
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Abstract Objective Exploring the roles of older adults as volunteers in social care settings has attracted wide attention to facilitate healthy aging. However, knowledge of engaging older adults as volunteers in social care sectors remains scant. This study explores theoretical mechanisms for promoting volunteer engagement among older adults in the social care sector. Method This study used a time bank program called Good Hands in Hong Kong as a case study. Good Hands was established in 2018 and engaged almost 200 older adult volunteers to provide buddying and accompany (e.g., home visits and medical escort services) to over 390 frail peers in the community. This study adopted a qualitative method. Three semi-structured focus group interviews with 18 participants, including senior volunteers and the timebank staff, were conducted in January – August 2021. The thematic analysis. Stakeholder checks were conducted in July 2022 to enhance the credibility of the findings. Results Three emergent themes were identified as critical components to facilitate engagement among senior volunteers: (1) strong cross-sector collaboration, (2) meaningfulness in voluntary work comprising four subthemes, including capacity optimization, care capacity enhancement, belonging cultivation, and value recognition, and (3) a co-producing environment. In addition, this study also identified the challenges related to the sustainability of the timebank program. Conclusion This study is the first to explore mechanisms for promoting volunteer engagement among older adults in the social care sector. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications for the roles of older adults in social welfare production for our society.
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Liu, Xiaoxiao, Wenbin Zhang, Peng Sun, and Ming Liu. "Time-Dependent Seismic Fragility of Typical Concrete Girder Bridges under Chloride-Induced Corrosion." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 5020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15145020.
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Recent studies highlighted the importance of the combined effects of prestress loss and corrosion deterioration for concrete girder bridge structures when the effect of damage on the performance level is estimated. The multi-deterioration mechanisms connected with chloride erosion include the cross-sectional area loss of longitudinal bars and stirrups, the reduction in the ductility, the decrease in the strength of steels and the strength loss of concrete in RC columns. For the corroded RC columns and corroded elastomeric bridge bearings, analytical models of the material degradation phenomena were employed for performing the probabilistic seismic performance analysis, which could obtain the system seismic fragility of aging bridges by considering the failure functionality of multiple correlated components (e.g., columns, bearings). The combined effects of prestress loss and cracking were also considered when developing time-dependent system seismic fragility functions. Here, a typical multi-span reinforced concrete girder bridge was used as a case study for studying the time-variant seismic performance. The results revealed the importance of the joint effects of the multi-deterioration mechanisms when modeling the time-dependent seismic fragility of aging bridge systems, as well as the significance of considering the combined effects of prestress loss and cracking.
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Rhodes, Gina, Joshua Bernstein, and Ruth Grendell. "Nurses' drowsy driving prevention strategies: A qualitative exploratory multiple-case study." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 9, no. 6 (March 11, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n6p73.
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Objective: To explore the strategies registered and licensed practical nurses implemented to lessen the possibility of driving while drowsy after working nights in hospitals, nursing homes, and home health facilities. A review of literature indicated shift work, circadian rhythm interruptions and multiple stressors such as age, caring for children/aging parents and working multiple jobs may affect drowsy driving. Studies on global drowsy driving and cultural differences may affect international applicability. Further research was needed to better understand drowsy driving best practices, training modalities for health care workers, and developing a multidisciplinary collaboration between management and night-shift workers.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory multiple-case method was utilized. Registered and licensed practical nurses (N = 12) were interviewed.Results: Identified themes including three major themes emerged from the data analysis. 1) Fatigue is a significant challenge that impedes driving home safely. 2) Night nurses experience significant additional stressors relating to caring for family, school, and multiple jobs. 3) Multiple strategies are helpful, but they do not replace the body’s need for sleep. Strategies for managing drowsy driving and anxiety/stress producing issues were offered.Conclusions: Twelve-night shift workers shared the challenges drowsy driving and anxiety/stress producing issues outside of the work-related duties. Health care administrators may use the results to gain insight for training nurses for the night shift to prevent drowsy driving injuries and fatalities. The results of the study may offer a platform for further investigation that may uncover best-practice strategies for health care administrators staffing other types of 24-hour medical care facilities.
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Son, Youn-Jung, and Mi Hwa Won. "Symptom Clusters and Their Impacts on Hospital Readmission in Patients With Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 32, no. 3 (August 2018): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.32.3.311.
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Background and Purpose:Readmissions after hospitalization due to multiple symptoms in heart failure (HF) are common and costly. Patients have difficulty differentiating HF symptoms from comorbid illness or aging. Therefore, early identification of symptom clusters could improve symptom recognition and reduce hospital readmission. However, little is known about the relationship between symptom clusters and readmission in HF patients. This study aimed to identify symptom clusters among Korean patients with HF and the relationship between symptom clusters and hospital readmission.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 306 HF outpatients within 12 months after discharge. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the symptom clusters. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of symptom clusters on readmission, after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Results:Three symptom clusters were identified in HF patients: the “respiratory distress” cluster, “bodily pain and energy insufficiency” cluster, and “circulatory and gastrointestinal distress” cluster. Patients with class III or IV of HF functional class experienced three symptom clusters at a higher level. This study showed that the “bodily pain and energy insufficiency” cluster was the strongest predictor of hospital readmission in HF patients (adjusted odds ratio = 6.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.29, 32.79]).Implications for Practice:A higher level of “bodily pain and energy insufficiency” cluster was associated with hospital readmission in Korean HF patients. Health-care providers should be encouraged to consider patients’ cultural backgrounds to recognize differences in symptom clusters. Further studies are needed to evaluate symptom clusters across international cohorts and their impacts on patients’ outcomes.
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Ke, Siyuan, Jiarui Li, Lu Zhao, Jiarun Yang, Xueyan Zhao, Wenxin Zhang, Xiaohui Qiu, et al. "The Gender-Specific Interaction of DVL3 and GSK3β Polymorphisms on Major Depressive Disorder Susceptibility in a Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (January 28, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2633127.
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Based on the “oxidative stress hypothesis” of major depressive disorder (MDD), cells regulate their structure through the Wnt pathway. Little is known regarding the interactions of dishevelled 3 (DVL3) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) polymorphisms with MDD. The aim of the current study was to verify the relationship between DVL3 and GSK3β genetic variants in a Chinese Han population and further to evaluate whether these interactions exhibit gender-specificity. A total of 1136 participants, consisting of 541 MDD patients and 595 healthy subjects, were recruited. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DVL3/GSK3β were selected to assess their interaction by use of a generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method. The genotype and haplotype frequencies of DVL3/GSK3β polymorphisms were significantly different between patients and controls for DVL3 rs1709642 ( P < 0.01 ) and GSK3β rs334558, rs6438552, and rs2199503 ( P < 0.01 ). In addition, our results also showed that there were significant interaction effects between DVL3 and GSK3β polymorphisms and the risk of developing MDD, particularly in women. The interaction between DVL3 (rs1709642) and GSK3β (rs334558, rs6438552) showed a cross-validation (CV) consistency of 10/10, a P value of 0.001, and a testing accuracy of 59.22%, which was considered as the best generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model. This study reveals the interaction between DVL3 and GSK3β polymorphisms on MDD susceptibility in a female Chinese Han population. The effect of gender should be taken into account in future studies that seek to explore the genetic predisposition to MDD relative to the DVL3 and GSK3β genes.
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Fries-Briggs, Gabriel. "Inclusive Rural Spaces in Architecture Education." Journal of Public Space 7, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v7i2.1465.
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Pedagogies of building systems in architectural education are traditionally framed as the technical knowledge guiding construction, material applications, structures, and mechanical building services. This paper provides a framework and a case study for centering inclusive and universal design principles in the teaching of building systems with a focus on designing public spaces for rural and aging populations. It proposes methods for integrating design accountability, sustainable environmental practices, and cultural contexts into architectural design and education.Public spaces, services, and resources are spread thinly outside of cities and denser communities, creating barriers to access for aging populations among others. This pedagogical framework for inclusive rural architecture focuses on post offices as one of the few public institutions in rural communities and a vital conduit to essential services (particularly during health crises). In the speculative space of architecture curriculum, students conceived of additional services and programs to rethink the role of post offices in communities. These programs targeted accessibility barriers by providing digital resource centers, transportation hubs, and community gathering spaces.The flexibility, adaptability, and comfort at the core of universal design principles provide a lens for understanding sustainable environmental techniques. Adaptable buildings constructed with replaceable and reusable parts allow for repair and resiliency over time. Material and structural systems designed for intuitive use and presentation of information promote accessible communication. Passive systems design enables comfort in dialog with the environment and a reduction in required energy. However as passive systems often require building operability, inclusive design principles call for building systems to be operable by diverse users. Post office projects in this case study integrated universal design principles to achieve energy efficient buildings that respond to changing climates and rural cultural contexts.Replacing minimum standards for accessibility within curricula with inclusive design criteria is also enacted through methodologies. While educational institutions are clustered in urban areas, many students come from or have ties to rural communities. The focus on rural public spaces and aging populations is a means for students to bring their own diverse backgrounds, places of origin, and histories into their academic studies. In combining methods of engaged research with a universal design-focused pedagogy for building systems, students expand technical knowledge of architectural design with the objective of creating equitable and inclusive public spaces.
Read the full article in accessible html-format here.
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Jeong, Jaehun, Hyung-Sik Kim, Dongjun Lee, Kihun Kim, and Yun-Hak Kim. "Association between Four Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204362.
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Background: Several dietary patterns are reported as risk factors for several chronic diseases including oral diseases. However, thus far, there has been no comprehensive quantitative analysis of nutrition and periodontal diseases. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The number of samples was used for odds ratio calculation, followed by the unadjusted value and 95% confidence interval. Results: Nine papers were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of screening for database search records showed that four diet patterns (western diet, dairy product intake, sugar intake, and vitamin C intake) have enough data for meta-analysis. The risk of periodontal disease in the western-diet group and the lowest dairy product intake group was 1.05 (0.51–2.13) and 1.28 (0.89–1.84), respectively. The risk of periodontal disease in the highest sugar intake group and the lowest vitamin C intake group was 1.52 (0.79–2.91) and 1.15 (1.08–1.23), respectively. Conclusions: With aging of the population globally, the prevalence of periodontal disease increases, and the associated cost also increases. Though this study, we found foods related to the risk of periodontal disease, and we are confident that it will contribute to lowering the incidence of the disease.
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Chamut, Steffany, and Shahdokht Boroumand. "SELF-RATED ORAL HEALTH SATISFACTION AMONG OLDER ADULTS RECEIVING ONE HOME AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1985.
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Abstract Objective To assess self-rated oral health (OH) satisfaction among recipients of the home and community-based services (HCBS) administered by the Administration on Aging. Methods This cross-sectional study is representative of the national population of the 2014 National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants (NSOAAP), and analyzed baseline OH data from community-dwelling adults (n= 3,995) age 60 and older covering case-management, congregate-meals, home-delivered-meals, homemaker-services, and transportation. Results Among the 3,995 participants, 35% received only one HCBS, the majority being age 75-84 (42%), females (67%), Non-Hispanic Whites (72%), and living in urban areas (53%). About 54% reported having a dental visit in the last twelve months, 30% were not satisfied with their OH, and 45% reported having 4-6 medical conditions. Congregate-meals (67%), home-delivered-meals (23%), and transportation (6%) were the most services provided (n=1,130). Being not satisfied with general health (OR=4.44, CI95=2.81-7.00) p<.0001, experiencing difficulties with three or more activities of daily living (ADLs) (OR=2.06, CI95=1.15-3.70) p= 0.0149, and not having a dental visit in the last twelve months (OR=1.66, CI95=1.06-2.59) p= 0.0248 were the strongest indicators negatively associated for not being satisfied with OH among HCBS participants. Conclusion Oral diseases and oral microbiota are known to be precursors of dementia, Alzheimer’s, multiple systemic diseases (i.e. diabetes), and mortality. Understanding OH issues among HCBS recipients could refine policies that focus on improving functional status with person-centered services, and help identify opportunities to revamp older adults’ oral and systemic health, promote healthy aging and longevity allowing them to continue living independently at home.
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Chane, Samson, and Margaret E. Adamek. "Profiles of Ethiopian centenarians: A qualitative inquiry." Anthropology & Aging 42, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2021.336.
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As global aging advances, the number of centenarians worldwide is greatly increasing. Most of what is known about centenarians comes the Global North. It is not clear what factors contribute to longevity of centenarians in impoverished, mostly rural areas of Global South nations that still lack basic amenities. Cultural differences in the profile, lifestyles, and needs of centenarians in Africa have yet to be documented. Using a case study design, this descriptive inquiry investigated the profiles of centenarians in Ethiopia including religion, marriage, education, occupation, income, and living arrangement. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with nine centenarians (1 woman, 8 men) and were analyzed using descriptive narrative analysis. Respondents were between 100 and 108 years old. All nine were adherents of Orthodox Christianity, had been married, and were great-grandparents. Their adult lives were marked by both residential and marital stability. The Ethiopian centenarians persevered through many losses and hardships with the help of strong community-based social networks.. Unlike studies of centenarians in the Global North, most respondents were male and had strict religious upbringings. Understanding the unique profiles of centenarians in the Global South will help to inform research and practice with this growing population of the oldest-old.
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Chane, Samson, and Margaret Adamek. "Centenarians in the Global South: A View from Ethiopia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3027.
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Abstract As global aging advances, the number of centenarians worldwide is greatly increasing. Most of what is known about centenarians comes the Global North. It is not clear what factors contribute to longevity of centenarians in impoverished, mostly rural areas of Global South nations that still lack basic amenities. Cultural differences in the profile, lifestyles, and needs of centenarians in Africa have yet to be documented. Using a case study design, this descriptive inquiry investigated the profiles of centenarians in Ethiopia including religion, marriage, education, occupation, income, and living arrangement. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with nine centenarians (1 woman, 8 men) and were analyzed using descriptive narrative analysis. Respondents were between 100 and 108 years old. All nine were adherents of Orthodox Christianity, had been married, and were great-grandparents. Their adult lives were marked by both residential and marital stability. The Ethiopian centenarians persevered through many losses and hardships with the help of strong community-based social networks. Unlike studies of centenarians in the Global North, most respondents were male and had strict religious upbringings. Understanding the unique profiles of centenarians in the Global South will help to inform research and practice with this growing population of the oldest-old.
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Biale, Greta, Jacopo La Nasa, Marco Mattonai, Andrea Corti, Virginia Vinciguerra, Valter Castelvetro, and Francesca Modugno. "A Systematic Study on the Degradation Products Generated from Artificially Aged Microplastics." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121997.
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Most of the analytical studies focused on microplastics (MPs) are based on the detection and identification of the polymers constituting the particles. On the other hand, plastic debris in the environment undergoes chemical and physical degradation processes leading not only to mechanical but also to molecular fragmentation quickly resulting in the formation of leachable, soluble and/or volatile degradation products that are released in the environment. We performed the analysis of reference MPs–polymer micropowders obtained by grinding a set of five polymer types down to final size in the 857–509 μm range, namely high- and low-density polyethylene, polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The reference MPs were artificially aged in a solar-box to investigate their degradation processes by characterizing the aged (photo-oxidized) MPs and their low molecular weight and/or highly oxidized fraction. For this purpose, the artificially aged MPs were subjected to extraction in polar organic solvents, targeting selective recovery of the low molecular weight fractions generated during the artificial aging. Analysis of the extractable fractions and of the residues was carried out by a multi-technique approach combining evolved gas analysis–mass spectrometry (EGA–MS), pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC–MS), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results provided information on the degradation products formed during accelerated aging. Up to 18 wt% of extractable, low molecular weight fraction was recovered from the photo-aged MPs, depending on the polymer type. The photo-degradation products of polyolefins (PE and PP) included a wide range of long chain alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids, as detected in the soluble fractions of aged samples. SEC analyses also showed a marked decrease in the average molecular weight of PP polymer chains, whereas cross-linking was observed in the case of PS. The most abundant low molecular weight photo-degradation products of PS were benzoic acid and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, while PET had the highest stability towards aging, as indicated by the modest generation of low molecular weight species.
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Newton, Clare, Sue Wilks, and Dominique Hes. "Educational Buildings as 3D Text Books: Linking ecological sustainability, pedagogy and space." Open House International 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2009-b0003.
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This paper discusses the opportunity afforded by a substantial research grant to examine three aspects of recent school design and learning. First, spaces that support effective learning, second, the role of the building in achieving sustainability, and third, pedagogies and practices that support one and two. Schools are complex systems in which the physical environment interacts with pedagogical, socio-cultural, curricular, motivational and socio-economic factors as well as providing benefits or costs in environmental terms. Limiting the research focus to exemplar case study schools will enable a more comprehensive study of the schools as 3D texts. Through proactive research methodologies, students, teachers and architects will collaborate to manipulate the spaces to suit different learning modalities. Students will help collect environmental data and therefore learn more about climate and energy. They will also participate within teams to further their problem solving, communication and organizational skills. Teachers will become more aware of and hopefully skilled at managing space both environmentally and pedagogically. Architects will have the unusual opportunity of experiencing and analyzing their designs through the eyes of users. While this ambitious research is in its infancy, the interdisciplinary approach and support from nine industry partners is relevant for other researchers who are seeking to have an impact on design practice using an action research methodology. The research is timely.4 Following in the footsteps of the United Kingdom, Australian state and federal governments have committed to reinvigorate our aging school stock. This research led by an interdisciplinary team, was developed in partnership with Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, the Victorian Government Architect's Office, and seven design firms with expertise in learning environments. The research has been funded by the Australian Research Council
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Savary, Patricia, Gohar Azhar, Naomi Amstrong, Regina Gibson, Elizabeth Eoff, Amanda Pangle, Robin McAtee, and Jeanne Wei. "KNOWLEDGE DEFICITS ABOUT THE SAFE USE OF PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS AND NALOXONE IN OLDER ADULTS IN ARKANSAS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1847.
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Abstract Older adults might be more likely to experience adverse effects of opioid medications, or accidental overdose because of age-related multi-morbidities and polypharmacy. Arkansas has the second highest legal opioid prescription rate in the nation hence disseminating information to older individuals is key in fighting the opioid epidemic. As part of an Opioid Prevention for Aging and Longevity Program, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional, anonymous survey of individuals >59 years about opioids, the common side effects and use of naloxone. The total N was 304, and the response per item varied from 236-298. Respondents’ knowledge was strongest for preventative safety measures: to avoid drinking alcohol when using opioids 90.94% and to lock opioids in a secure location when children are nearby (89.49%). About three-quarters of respondents correctly identified medications classified as opioid (70.34%) or non-opioid (74.48%). Similarly, 75.36% recognized a non-opioid, ibuprofen, as the appropriate pain medication for back pain. The side effects of opioids not as well recognized. Sleepiness and trouble driving was the best understood side effect (72.18%). In contrast, the side-effect of constipation was correctly identified in just 34.17% of responses and trouble urinating in only 26.79%. In addition, a key emergency safety measure in case of opioid over-dose was far less known: Only 63.98% were able to correctly identify naloxone as an antidote for opioid overdose.Older adults exhibited gaps in knowledge about the common side effects of prescription opioids and were unaware of the life-saving role of naloxone in reversing the effects of opioid overdose.
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Waldron, Madeline, Caitlin Siebenaller, Brian P. Hobbs, Marc Earl, Mary Schleicher, Hetty E. Carraway, Anjali S. Advani, et al. "Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Acute Leukemias: A Meta-Analysis." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115256.
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Abstract Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients (pts). The risk of VTE, however, differs according to cancer type. Pts with hematologic malignancies are at an increased risk of VTE events, either due to the underlying disease biology or related to treatment. This risk exists even in acute leukemia (AL), which is characterized by profound thrombocytopenia and coagulopathies that present treatment challenges. Advances in anti-leukemic therapies and improved supportive care over the last several decades may have impacted the extent to which an average patient is at risk for VTE We performed a meta-analysis of published literature on VTE rates in AL pts and evaluated trends in VTE incidence in relation to the reported study time period. Methods: This meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Scopus and Cochran databases to identify relevant studies published between January 1980 and June 2018. All studies including randomized controlled, retrospective or observational studies in AL pts which investigated VTE as an endpoint were included. Abstracts, posters, review articles, and case reports were excluded. Articles were excluded if they did not provide disease-level data. The search terms included "venous thromboembolism", "deep venous thrombosis", "pulmonary embolism", and "leukemia". Furthermore, citations were supplemented by cross checking the reference lists of eligible studies and relevant reviews to identify additional published data. We collected study period, study design, study publication date, AL subtype, total patients, and rates of VTE. When reported, we collected information on VTE prophylaxis and presence of central lines. Meta-analysis of VTE rates was performed using an established Bayesian logistic random effects model. The model assumes that the log odds of VTE is exchangeable across studies with Gaussian distribution and random hierarchical mean and standard deviation. For both analyses, the hierarchical mean assumed a Gaussian prior with mean 0 and variance = 200. The inter-study standard deviation was assumed uniform (0,10). Given treatment and patient heterogeneity among distinct subtypes of AL, analyses were undertaken separately for each AL subtype. Results for individual studies and the combined inter-study mean VTE rate are described by the resultant posterior medians and 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. Results: From the initial search, 2527 articles were identified. Among these, 938 were duplicate publications, 1408 did not meet content inclusion criteria, 150 were review articles or case reports, 2 studies lacked disease level data, thus, leaving 31 studies for analysis. A total of 29 studies focused on ALL, 11 on AML, 11 on APL, and some studies included multiple disease populations. The inter-study mean incidence of VTE for ALL was 8.67% (95% HPD 6.01%-11.58%), fig 1a, for AML was 7.25% (95% HPD 4.12%-11.09%), fig 1b, and for APL was 12.94% (95% HPD 7.04%-20.67%), fig 1c. .. Our graphical analysis indicates an increase in risk of VTE with time for ALL (fig 2a), AML (fig 2b), and APL (fig 2c). Conclusion: In the present meta-analysis, we determined that the overall incidence of VTE in AL pts ranged from 7-13%. Among AL subtypes, APL pts had the highest rate of VTE. We observed an increased risk of VTE over time. We postulate this is multifactorial and may be related to an increase in case findings from increased screening, aging sedentary population, and increased use of prothombotic agents. Notable strengths of this study include the largest review of association of VTE with AL and evolving risk of VTE with time. These findings need to be considered in light of several limitations - lack of comparator group limiting ability to generate pooled relative risks for VTE, heterogeneity in study populations and reporting and scare data on VTE prophylaxis. Further data are required to determine the mechanism for the increase in risk. Given the VTE risk and its known impact on morbidity, mortality and associated health care costs, prospective studies are warranted in AL pts to facilitate establishment of guidelines for prophylaxis and management of thrombotic complications. Disclosures Carraway: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; FibroGen: Consultancy; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Balaxa: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Jazz: Speakers Bureau. Advani:Amgen: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Glycomimetics: Consultancy; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding. Nazha:MEI: Consultancy. Gerds:Apexx Oncology: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; CTI Biopharma: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy. Sekeres:Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Garrett-Rucks, Paula. "Maximizing Cross-Cultural Understanding, Minimizing Stereotypes: Three Case Studies." French Review 86, no. 5 (2013): 860–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tfr.2013.0187.
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Schönle, Andreas. "Lotman and cultural studies: The case for cross-fertilization." Sign Systems Studies 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2002): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2002.30.2.04.
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This paper seeks to evaluate the extent to which Lotman’s theoretical works could provide a conceptual articulation to the project of British and American cultural studies (CS). Just as CS, Lotman operates with an extensive concept of culture, albeit one mostly limited to nobility culture and focused on the past. His late works can be seen to articulate a semiotic theory of power: his emphasis on the relationship between center and periphery recalls the infatuation with marginality that underpins CS. Lotman shares the (post) structuralist premise about the primary role of discourse in founding reality. Yet his emphasis on the natural striving of culture toward diversity mitigates the subject’s dependence upon discourse. Thus, subjects act on their striving toward autonomy by playing discourses against one another, recoding them in an act of autocommunication that generates novelty in the process. Even though it denies the grand narrative, Cultural Studies emphasizes class, gender, and race differences. Lotman’s concept of the semiosphere emphasizes the ad hoc foundation of group identities, their emergence out of an intrinsic recoding of extrinsic codes, and the circulation of texts and values among groups. Lotman doesn’t privilege any sort of group identity and therefore offers a flexible framework applicable to a broader range of groups. In that sense he offers an alternative to Gramsci’s notion of the rootedness of groups in class realities (which underlies early CS).
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Georgiadou, Elli, Norihan Abu‐Hassan, Kerstin Viola Siakas, Xueming Wang, Margaret Ross, and Prem Anand Anandan. "Women's ICT career choices: four cross‐cultural case studies." Multicultural Education & Technology Journal 3, no. 4 (November 13, 2009): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17504970911004282.
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Cousins, Sandra O'Brien. "CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SPORT AND AGING IN NORTH AMERICA." World Leisure & Recreation 41, no. 3 (January 1999): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10261133.1999.9674155.
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Sui Pheng, Low, and Winifredo M. Alfelor. "Cross‐cultural influences on quality management systems: two case studies." Work Study 49, no. 4 (July 2000): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00438020010330448.
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Kelly, David C. "Book Review: Ethics and World Religions: Cross-Cultural Case Studies." Missiology: An International Review 28, no. 3 (July 2000): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960002800327.
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Huh, Moo-yul. "Cross cultural studies in a case of ethnicity: Green marketing." Journal of Digital Convergence 14, no. 12 (December 28, 2016): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2016.14.12.477.
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Terracciano, Antonio, and Robert R. McCrae. "Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 15, no. 3 (September 2006): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004425.
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SUMMARYAims – This article provides a brief review of recent cross-cultural research on personality traits at both individual and culture levels, highlighting the relevance of recent findings for psychiatry. Method – In most cultures around the world, personality traits can be clearly summarized by the five broad dimensions of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), which makes it feasible to compare cultures on personality and psychopathology. Results – Maturational patterns and sex differences in personality traits generally show cultural invariance, which generates the hypothesis that age of onset, clinical evolution, and sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders might follow similar universal patterns. The average personality profiles from 51 cultures show meaningful geographical distributions and associations with culture-level variables, but are clearly unrelated to national character stereotypes. Conclusions – Aggregate personality scores can potentially be related to epidemiological data on psychiatric disorders, and dimensional personality models have implications for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment around the world.Declaration of Interest: This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging. Robert R. McCrae receives royalties from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.