Journal articles on the topic 'Aggregates (Building materials)'
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1
Shon, Chang Seon, Miras Mamirov, Earl M. Stenger, and Chul Woo Chung. "Thermal Performance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing Expanded Shale Aggregates." Materials Science Forum 911 (January 2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.911.71.
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Achieving energy efficiency of building in north part of Kazakhstan is very critical due to the large temperature difference during long harsh and severe winter and short hot summer seasons. Energy efficient building shows significant savings to homeowners including costs reduction from energy, water, waste, and lower operations and maintenance costs. In terms of building materials, lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) due to its thermal properties is often used to maintain thermal comfort levels in buildings and to reduce building energy consumption. In this paper, the potential of LWAC to improve the energy performance of building was assessed for LWAC with three different mixture proportions and a normal weight concrete (NWC) for comparison purpose. The energy saving effect of LWAC was simulated using OpenStudio software tools with an EnergyPlus engine. Moreover, annual heat loss and amount of heat transfer of construction wall of building were calculated. Results showed that LWAC can improve the energy efficiency of building and thus the use of LWAC can be a good alternative to the traditional NWC.
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Kumar V, Prem, Manikandan P, Matasugur Indu, Gutthi Reddy Thanusha, Kesamareddy Mounikareddy, Khodgaad Sameer Basha, and Komera Madhusudhan. "Experimental investigation on utilization of substitute building materials in concrete using neural networks." E3S Web of Conferences 529 (2024): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452901028.
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The replacement of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash in concrete is considered due to its rich properties of projecting pozzolanic activity. The availability of aggregates is becoming scarce as a result of the non-renewable characteristic of fine and coarse aggregates. The construction waste end products like demolishing waste also cause the problem of improper disposal. Hence a majority of the construction industries have preferred the usage of construction and demolition (C&D) waste as a replacement for coarse aggregate. Substitution of coarse aggregates by construction and demolition waste and fine aggregates by iron slag ash is considered. The Taguchi method is adopted for the determination of mix combinations. This paper focuses on determining the properties of concrete having pozzolanic properties by replacing the cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), coarse aggregate with demolished building waste (DBW), and Fine aggregate with iron slag ash (ISA). The experimental investigation proved that SBA, DBW and ISA have a potential sign to be used as an alternative sustainable building material. From the comparative analysis of experimental results with ANN, it is revealed that the concrete show an acceptable prediction of physical and strength properties.
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Modi, Mahima, and Dr Madan Chandra Maurya. "Study of Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Recycled Aggregates." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58422.
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Abstract: The last few decades have seen a rapid increase in urbanisation, which has increased demand for building materials, particularly aggregates. The aggregate mining has put a burden on the environment and raised concerns about swift ecological harm. Lack of building aggregates is a severe issue that requires the use of alternative recycled aggregates in its stead. Old, abandoned building debris is used to create recycled aggregates (RA), which are then hauled to a landfill and disposed of there. In addition to pushing waste sites farther away, the decades-long urbanisation of the region has also increased the expense of moving these aggregates. Utilising them in place of natural aggregates in concrete mixtures is the solution. Here in this study some proportion of natural coarse aggregate is being replaced by the recycled aggregate and analysis of its effect on various mechanical properties of concrete is being done. The mechanical properties of concrete constitute Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Shrinkage, Creep and Modulus of Elasticity.
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Rasiwan, Rasiwan, Deny Syahrani, Iwan Supardi, Etty Rabihati, Muhammad Abduh, and Susi Haryani. "Concrete characteristics using aggregate from Nanga Jemah Village, Kapuas Hulu District for rabat beton road." International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research 8, no. 5 (August 5, 2022): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v8n5.2158.
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The use of concrete for various building constructions has been widely used, both as a building structure and also for transportation purposes, especially for concrete roads. Nanga Jemah Village is one of the villages located in Boyan District, Kapuas Hulu Regency which has potential in the field of building materials. The use of aggregates originating from Nanga Jemah has often been done, but until now no one has investigated this type of aggregate as a concrete-forming material, especially for the manufacture of concrete rebate roads. The aggregates used in this study are aggregates derived from Nanga Jemah, both fine aggregates and coarse aggregates by comparing the use of commonly used materials. The purpose and objective of this research are to develop the potential of the area in the form of materials originating from the village of Nanga Jemah so that they can be used as concrete-forming materials, especially for the construction of the Rabat Beton road.
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Sarmin, Siti Noorbaini. "Lightweight Building Materials of Geopolymer Reinforced Wood Particles Aggregate – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.220.
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Lightweight constructions materials provide better thermal insulations properties for buildings. Using lightweight’s aggregates, such like wood particles is one of the most common ways for making lightweight building materials. The low cost and availability of wood particles made it the best ultimate materials preference in production of composites construction materials. Geopolymer, the alkali-activation cement-based materials have been proven can be used to produce lightweight materials. In additional, geopolymer possess excellent mechanical properties and significant reduction in CO2 emissions compare to ordinary Portland cement. The use of environmentally friendly building construction materials has become increasingly important. This paper presents a review on producing lightweight building materials from geopolymer with wood particles as an aggregate.
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Abdulrasool, Abdulrasool Thamer, Safaa S. Mohammed, Noor R. Kadhim, and Wail Asim Mohammad Hussain. "Sustainable Materials Used as Lightweight Aggregate :(An Overview)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 961, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012027.
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Abstract Lightweight aggregates (LWA) are building materials with a lower bulk density than standard construction aggregates. In recent years, the contribution of industry to the circular economy has become a serious concern. Among these, the mining sector is confronted with significant problems relating to the management of a huge quantity of generated waste. The major contemporary task is to address a number of interconnected challenges, including waste management and recycling, conservation of scarce natural resources, reduction of energy use, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Natural aggregates are consumed by the construction materials industry in the range of 8 to 12 billion tons per year. According to reports, the construction materials sector consumes the most energy and scarce natural resources (rocks, aggregates, and water) while also emitting greenhouse gases. In general, using waste material as lightweight aggregate decreases the concrete’s overall weight. The materials used as lightweight aggregate in concrete are discussed in this study. According to research, utilizing trash as a lightweight aggregate not only improves the characteristics of concrete but also gives a sustainable approach to minimize global waste.
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Cavalline, Tara L., Jorge Gallegos, Reid W. Castrodale, Charles Freeman, Jerry Liner, and Jody Wall. "Influence of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Materials on Building Energy Performance." Buildings 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030094.
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Due to their porous nature, lightweight aggregates have been shown to exhibit thermal properties that are advantageous when used in building materials such as lightweight concrete, grout, mortar, and concrete masonry units. Limited data exist on the thermal properties of materials that incorporate lightweight aggregate where the pore system has not been altered, and very few studies have been performed to quantify the building energy performance of structures constructed using lightweight building materials in commonly utilized structural and building envelope components. In this study, several lightweight concrete and masonry building materials were tested to determine the thermal properties of the bulk materials, providing more accurate inputs to building energy simulation than have previously been used. These properties were used in EnergyPlus building energy simulation models for several types of commercial structures for which materials containing lightweight aggregates are an alternative commonly considered for economic and aesthetic reasons. In a simple model, use of sand lightweight concrete resulted in prediction of 15–17% heating energy savings and 10% cooling energy savings, while use of all lightweight concrete resulted in prediction of approximately 35–40% heating energy savings and 30% cooling energy savings. In more complex EnergyPlus reference models, results indicated superior thermal performance of lightweight aggregate building materials in 48 of 50 building energy simulations. Predicted energy savings for the five models ranged from 0.2% to 6.4%.
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Al'-Bo-Ali, W., R. Lesovik,, D. Sopin, A. Ahmed, and G. A. Lesovik. "RECYCLED CONSTRUCTION WASTE AS A CONCRETE AGGREGATE FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, no. 11 (December 4, 2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-11-32-40.
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In this work, an experimental study is conducted to compare the properties of aggregate from concrete waste generated during demolition, concrete laboratory waste and natural aggregates – which are used as control samples. The study examines the possibility of using demolition waste to develop building materials with stable properties, in order to obtain economic benefits from the disposal of man-made waste. Initially, the production of aggregates from waste is carried out by crushing concrete scrap from demolition waste and laboratory waste, followed by the study of their physical and chemical properties to obtain aggregates and concrete mixtures, the production of samples, and the determination of compressive, flexural and tensile strength. The correlation between the results obtained from various experiments is analyzed and a linear correlation between the compressive strength and other established mechanical properties is noted. The possibility of recycling construction waste, leading to the solution of several problems, is presented: reducing the cost of industrial waste disposal and improving the physical and mechanical properties of concrete by introducing it as a filler.
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Amziane, Sofiane, and Mohammed Sonebi. "Overview on Biobased Building Material made with plant aggregate." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (June 2, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.9.
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Global warming, energy savings, and life cycle analysis issues are factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of plant-based materials for buildings, which can be qualified as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient multifunctional materials. This review presents an overview on the several possibilities developed worldwide about the use of plant aggregate to design bio-based building materials. The use of crushed vegetal aggregates such as hemp (shiv), flax, coconut shells and other plants associated to mineral binder represents the most popular solution adopted in the beginning of this revolution in building materials. Vegetal aggregates are generally highly porous with a low apparent density and a complex architecture marked by a multi-scale porosity. These geometrical characteristics result in a high capacity to absorb sounds and have hygro-thermal transfer ability. This is one of the essential characteristics which differ of vegetal concrete compared to the tradition mineral-based concretes. In addition, the high flexibility of the aggregates leads to a non-fragile elasto-plastic behavior and a high deformability under stress, lack of fracturing and marked ductility with absorbance of the strains ever after having reached the maximum mechanical strength. Due to the sensitivity to moisture, the assessment of the durability of vegetal concrete constitutes one of the next scientific challenging of bio-based building materials.
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Amziane, Sofiane, and Mohammed Sonebi. "Overview on Biobased Building Material made with plant aggregate." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (June 2, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.v1.9.
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Global warming, energy savings, and life cycle analysis issues are factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of plant-based materials for buildings, which can be qualified as environmental-friendly, sustainable and efficient multifunctional materials. This review presents an overview on the several possibilities developed worldwide about the use of plant aggregate to design bio-based building materials. The use of crushed vegetal aggregates such as hemp (shiv), flax, coconut shells and other plants associated to mineral binder represents the most popular solution adopted in the beginning of this revolution in building materials. Vegetal aggregates are generally highly porous with a low apparent density and a complex architecture marked by a multi-scale porosity. These geometrical characteristics result in a high capacity to absorb sounds and have hygro-thermal transfer ability. This is one of the essential characteristics which differ of vegetal concrete compared to the tradition mineral-based concretes. In addition, the high flexibility of the aggregates leads to a non-fragile elasto-plastic behavior and a high deformability under stress, lack of fracturing and marked ductility with absorbance of the strains ever after having reached the maximum mechanical strength. Due to the sensitivity to moisture, the assessment of the durability of vegetal concrete constitutes one of the next scientific challenging of bio-based building materials.
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SK, Jose. "Building Blocks Using Foamed Concrete with Industrial Waste Materials." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 4, no. 4 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000167.
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Clay bricks or hollow/solid concrete blocks are used as infills for reinforced concrete framed structures in the present construction scenario. There is substantial depletion of natural resources during the production of conventional bricks, which create environmental pollution due to burning of bricks. Also, for the production of hollow/solid cement concrete blocks, large quantities of cement and natural aggregates are being used. This enforces researchers to develop a more feasible, lighter and greener alternate material for infills. Foamed concrete (FC) is such an innovative and versatile material, which consists of a cement based mortar having minimum 20% of volume filled with air. The effective consumption of industrial by-products for the production of FC lead to preservation of natural resources, solving disposal issues of these wastes. FC is found to be economically viable, light in weight, durable, thermally resistive as well as environmentally sustainable. This research focuses on the feasibility of utilizing the industrial waste materials such as fly ash and GGBFS as partial substitute for cement and quarry dust as substitute for fine aggregate. The influence of these waste materials on foamed concrete and the development of properties like compressive strength, dry density, water absorption and thermal conductivity were studied.
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Liu, Zi Zhen, Bin Xiao, Yan Liu, and Xiao Long Li. "Impact Study on Mechanical Properties of Recycled Concrete Based on Waste Brick Aggregates." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.24.
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Through the experiments of recycling bricks from building waste, the paper studies the mechanical properties and the influence factors of recycled concrete which is based on waste brick aggregates. Using the method of gravels substituted by brick aggregates with the same volume, the optimal mechanical properties can be obtained through adjusting the aggregate contents of different recycled brick sizes, the mix proportion and water consumption of recycled materials. The results of experiments show that there are some key indexes including the bibulous rate of brick aggregates, particle gradations and water consumption, and the optimal size of the brick aggregates ranges from 9.5 mm to 19 mm, and the mechanical properties of recycled concrete are slightly below the referenced concrete by lots of experiments. Therefore, building waste bricks recycled concrete are a kind of very good, sustainable and energy-saving building materials.
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Arshad, Hussain, and Yan Jun Qiu. "Evaluation of Dina Aggregates for Pavement Construction in Pakistan." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.239.
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This paper presents the evaluation of the potential aggregate source for pavement construction in Pakistan. The Dina quarries which produce quartzite aggregates have been in use for building construction for long time. For pavement construction the aggregate materials are mostly obtain from Margalla hills and Kirana hills. The crushed limestone from Margalla source has been in use for both building and road construction from decades. The Kirana hills aggregates have been also used in many road construction projects in Punjab. The purpose of this research is to see the performance of Dina quarries as potential aggregates for pavement construction. For this purpose the Dina aggregate properties are compared with the Margalla aggregates which are most extensively use in pavement construction. The aggregate properties like specific gravity, water absorption, los angles abrasion, soundness, shape, crushing and impact value conform to the required pavement standards. The asphalt mixture design make with the Dina aggregate by Marshall method also shows suitable performance. These laboratory testing indicates that Dina quarries are potential aggregates for pavement construction in the Punjab province.
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Kumbhar, Vishwanath M. "Using Coconut Shells to Replace Some of the Coarse Aggregate." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 2394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59357.
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Abstract: Massive buildings are being made as part of the urbanization and development process as it grows daily. In terms of stress, steel is superior to concrete because it is lighter. Even yet, using steel alone to build a structure is not recommended. Concrete is less expensive than steel. Thus, concrete is the material of choice for construction. Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water are the ingredients required to build concrete. More coarse aggregate is used than other ingredients in the creation of the concrete mix. Better and stronger aggregates are obtained by deeper excavation. Because the parent rock from which coarse aggregates are extracted determines their strength. Thus, the price of coarse aggregate is rising quickly. Coconut shells are used as a partial substitute for coarse aggregates in order to lower the expense and deeper excavation required. Using coconut shells as aggregates minimizes the agricultural waste that is generated from the shells. Because these materials are lightweight, light weight concrete is produced. The cost of building materials is increasing daily these days due to the rising use of concrete. One of the most crucial components of concrete is coarse aggregate. Because coarse aggregate requires deeper excavations, their cost rises. Thus, coconut shells from agricultural waste are chosen to replace some of the coarse aggregate. The amount of waste material made from coconut shells grows daily.
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Khrystych, Oleksandr, and Leonid Nesen. "FILLERS FOR CONSTRUCTION MIXTURES FROM RECYCLING PRODUCTS OF SOLID INORGANIC WASTE." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 33, no. 2 (March 22, 2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2022-2-19-24.
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The substantiation of the need to develop and implement new resource-saving technologies for the production of construction mixtures using aggregates obtained as a result of complex processing of solid inorganic construction waste is provided. Analytical studies of technogenic waste processing technologies for obtaining building materials have been conducted. The results of the study of the experience of construction scrap processing are presented, with confirmation of the expediency of the fact that the technology of recycling accumulated construction scrap dumps in the territory where the destroyed buildings were located does not require any new specialized measures. The projected volumes of building materials in the composition of residential construction objects with various quantitative parameters of the constituent components of the elements of the fencing structures are presented. Analytical studies have established that the accumulated volumes of construction scrap from the destruction of elements of buildings and structures in the vast majority include the remains of concrete, reinforced concrete, expanded clay concrete, brickwork made of ceramic and silicate products. Experimental series of aggregate samples were made using experimental samples of construction scrap, their granulometric characteristics were determined and physical parameters were investigated. With the use of regulatory and technical literature, the predicted prescription parameters of the concrete mixture using a new variety of aggregates obtained by re-processing of construction scrap were compiled. The presence of reactive substances on the surface of the obtained aggregates was substantiated and the presence of increased physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples with a decrease in the binder content was confirmed. Recipe and technological parameters for the production of wall building materials using the obtained multicomponent building mixtures are proposed. The results of tests of physical and mechanical characteristics of test samples of concrete using aggregates from solid inorganic waste are presented.
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Khrystych, Oleksandr V. "FILLERS FOR CONSTRUCTION MIXTURES FROM RECYCLING PRODUCTS OF SOLID INORGANIC WASTE." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 35, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2023-2-49-55.
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The substantiation of the need to develop and implement new resource-saving technologies for the production of construction mixtures using aggregates obtained as a result of complex processing of solid inorganic construction waste is provided. Analytical studies of technogenic waste processing technologies for obtaining building materials have been conducted. The results of the study of the experience of construction scrap processing are presented, with confirmation of the expediency of the fact that the technology of recycling accumulated construction scrap dumps in the territory where the destroyed buildings were located does not require any new specialized measures. The projected volumes of building materials in the composition of residential construction objects with various quantitative parameters of the constituent components of the elements of the fencing structures are presented. Analytical studies have established that the accumulated volumes of construction scrap from the destruction of elements of buildings and structures in the vast majority include the remains of concrete, reinforced concrete, expanded clay concrete, brickwork made of ceramic and silicate products. Experimental series of aggregate samples were made using experimental samples of construction scrap, their granulometric characteristics were determined and physical parameters were investigated. With the use of regulatory and technical literature, the predicted prescription parameters of the concrete mixture using a new variety of aggregates obtained by re-processing of construction scrap were compiled. The presence of reactive substances on the surface of the obtained aggregates was substantiated and the presence of increased physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples with a decrease in the binder content was confirmed. Recipe and technological parameters for the production of wall building materials using the obtained multicomponent building mixtures are proposed. The results of tests of physical and mechanical characteristics of test samples of concrete using aggregates from solid inorganic waste are presented.
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Jalil, Zahraa Ali, Hafeth I. Naji, and Mohammed Shihab Mahmood. "Developing Sustainable Alternatives from Destroyed Buildings Waste for Reconstruction Projects." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091453.
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This paper examines the huge destruction that has taken place in some cities of Iraq due to the terrorist acts in recent years that led to the destruction of many buildings. It examines some of the factors that encourage the use of residues of these buildings in reconstruction processes, especially the sustainability factor, so that some residues of these buildings can be used as substitutes for natural building materials and find a difference in terms of energy consumption in the case of using natural building materials and again in the case of using the proposed alternatives. In this study, three alternatives were used: 10% recycled fine aggregates (RFA), 100% RFA, and crushed clay brick aggregate (CCBA) to produce recycled coarse aggregates. The results obtained through the use of building information modeling (BIM) technology were compared with the actual consumption of the building in the case of reconstruction using natural building materials. The simulation results were comparable to real data. They were analyzed in terms of the energy consumption life cycle and annual carbon emissions for each alternative. The best alternative was selected from the results obtained from BIM. The best alternative was found in the use of CCBA in the production of concrete roofs and floors. His final model is that the energy consumption was five times lower than the original unit, while the results of carbon emissions were equal as for the electricity consumption decreased from 23,500 kW/h to less than 23,000 kW/h.
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Mohammed, Laith, Ghazi Zarraq, and Imad Abdulzahra. "Validity of Euphrates River Terraces Deposits between Baghdad and Fallujah for Concrete Works." Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no. 2E (November 30, 2022): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.2e.12ms-2022-11-26.
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Four sites for deposits between Baghdad and Fallujah were studied. The results showed that all sites conform to the limits of the American Standard Specifications ASTMC33-03 and British Standard Specifications for Building Materials. As for Sieve Analysis for the coarse aggregate, the results for the first and fourth sites correspond to the nominal size of 4.75-19mm, with a deviation at the particle size of 19mm in the second and third sites. The apparent specific weight values ranged between 2.72-2.75 g/cm3 for fine aggregate and between 2.63-2.64 g/cm3 for coarse aggregate. While the rate of absorption was 1.40-1.63% for fine aggregates and 0.60-1.26% for coarse aggregates. The percentage of fine materials ranged between 1.58-4.51% for fine aggregates and 0.79-1.71% for coarse aggregates. The percentage of clay blocks and friable materials was 2.31-12.09% for fine aggregates and 0.39-1.55% for coarse aggregates. The percentage of lightweight materials is between 0.30-0.58% for fine aggregates and 0.24-0.48% for coarse aggregates. The flatness ratio of coarse aggregates ranged between 11.9-13.4% and the elongation ratio between 16.3-20.7%. The percentage of Soundness ranged between 5.56-7.46% for fine aggregates and between 3.14-5.88% for coarse aggregates. The chemical results were within the limits of the standard specifications. One of the most essential recommendations of the current study is to wash the fine and coarse aggregates with water well before use in concrete works should be considered to get rid of impurities, harmful substances, and salts.
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YAGUBKIN, A., and Z. ZHIXU. "METHODS FOR REMOTE QUALITY CONTROL OF COMPOSITES WITH ORGANIC AGGREGATES." Herald of Polotsk State University. Series F. Civil engineering. Applied sciences 32, no. 14 (December 29, 2022): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1683-2022-32-14-78-81.
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The Chinese construction industry has been using the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor building materials and structures for many years. The achievements of the Chinese construction industry in IoT applications can be used to study and monitor the performance of building materials, including green buildings (energy-efficient building materials).
The aim of research: study and optimization methods for remote quality control of composites with organic aggregates.
With the help of the developed methods, the following dependencies were obtained: dependences of stresses inside composites with organic aggregates on external influences obtained using a sensor Keyes brick thin film pressure sensor, dependences of deformations inside composites with organic aggregates on external influences obtained using a sensor ultrasonic ranging sensor, dependences of humidity inside composites with organic aggregates on external influences obtained using a sensor Soil moisture sensor, dependences of rheology (cement paste setting time) obtained using a sensor Ph-sensor module.
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Łaskawiec, Katarzyna, Piotr Gębarowski, Piotr Zając, and Jarosław Stankiewicz. "AAC building components for modular construction using recycled materials." ce/papers 6, no. 2 (September 2023): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1961.
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AbstractThe article presents the results of a study of the use of aggregates from the processing of wastewater treatment plant waste for the manufacture of large‐scale prefabricated building components means large‐scale autoclaved aerated concrete. This aggregate, applied to hydration‐bonded materials, makes it possible to obtain lightweight concretes (density 1400–1600 kg/m3) with increased thermal resistance. In addition, the addition of an aluminosilicate phase to the concrete mix can favorably affect mechanical characteristics and durability. The lightweight aggregate obtained using sewage sludge is characterized by high porosity, resulting from the complete combustion of the organic parts contained in the sludge (more than 90% d.m.), which act as a porophore in the ceramization process. This feature predestines this type of aggregate for use in hydration‐bonded materials that exhibit improved thermal insulation properties. The combination of sludge‐based lightweight aggregate technology with AAC production technology, therefore, implies a synergistic action to obtain a material with improved thermal insulation parameters combined with the mechanical strength expected for structural materials. An important environmental aspect of the proposed approach is the use of waste materials including municipal sewage sludge, which is particularly difficult to manage and dispose of, and the reduction of natural resource exploitation.
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Salesa, Ángel, Luis M. Esteban, Pedro Luis Lopez-Julian, José Ángel Pérez-Benedicto, Alejandro Acero-Oliete, and Alfredo Pons-Ruiz. "Evaluation of Characteristics and Building Applications of Multi-Recycled Concrete Aggregates from Precast Concrete Rejects." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 5714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165714.
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The construction industry must meet current environmental requirements, mostly those pertaining to the reduction in construction and demolition waste and the consumption of raw materials. The use of recycled concrete aggregates can be part of the solution, but one question that arises is how many times recyclables can be recycled. This unknown involves other related queries regarding the properties and possible uses of repeated recycled concrete aggregates. This research is derived from the precast concrete industry, where multi-recycling is a pressing need. From good-quality parent concretes, three cycles of recycled concrete aggregates were produced and analysed. The final results are promising due to the good quality of the recycled and multi-recycled concrete aggregates obtained. Not only can they be used in low-level applications (backfilling) as usual, but they can also be used for more demanding purposes, such as graded aggregates, cement-treated road bases and concrete pavements. Their use in structural concrete is feasible, but it will be dependent on the water absorption level and the amount of recycled aggregate substitution. This research proves the viability of multi-recycled concrete aggregates with all of the associated environmental benefits.
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Jia, Zhiyou, José Aguiar, Sandra Cunha, and Carlos de Jesus. "Green Thermal Aggregates: Influence of the Physical Properties of Recycled Aggregates with Phase Change Materials." Materials 16, no. 18 (September 18, 2023): 6267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186267.
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Increasing construction and demolition waste (CDW) and the large amount of energy consumption in the building operation process are high-profile issues at present. In the construction industry, recycled aggregated (RA) from CDW can be reutilized in construction, along with green materials, for example, as a road base layer, as aggregate in concrete, etc. Phase change materials (PCM) are often used as building materials due to their good latent heat storage properties. With the use of RA as a matrix to absorb PCM, a thermal performance aggregate can be obtained. This work studied the physical properties of RA from Portugal and combined PCM with RA to prepare a green thermal aggregate through two methodologies using a vacuum and atmospheric pressure. The green aggregate was used in concrete to observe its effect on the compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that the amount of PCM absorbed by the RA mainly depends on the porosity of the matrix material. At the same time, the volume expansion coefficient of PCM was 2.7%, which was not enough to destroy the RA. Ultimately, as the amount of green thermal aggregate increases, the compressive strength of concrete decreases. Green thermal aggregate prepared under vacuum conditions has a greater negative impact on the compressive strength of concrete.
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González-Fonteboa, B., and F. Martínez-Abella. "Hormigones con áridos reciclados: estudio de propiedades de los áridos y de las mezclas." Materiales de Construcción 55, no. 279 (September 30, 2005): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2005.v55.i279.198.
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Wang, Fei, Jianmin Hua, Xuanyi Xue, Neng Wang, Feidong Yan, and Dou Feng. "Effect of Superfine Cement Modification on Properties of Coral Aggregate Concrete." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031103.
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In marine engineering, using corals as aggregates to prepare concrete can reduce both the exploitation of stones and the transportation cost of building materials. However, coral aggregates have low strength and high porosity, which may affect the workability and mechanical properties of concrete. Hence, superfine cement is used innovatively in this study to modify coral aggregates; additionally, the effects of the water–cement ratio and curing time on the water absorption and strength of modified coral aggregates are investigated. Modified coral aggregate concrete is prepared, and the effect of using modified superfine cement on its workability and strength is investigated. Experimental results show that when the water-cement ratio exceeds 1.25, the slurry does not form a shell on the surface of the coral aggregates and the water absorption of the coral aggregates increases significantly. The strength of the modified coral aggregates cured for a short duration is slightly lower than that of unmodified coral aggregates, whereas that cured for 28 days is approximately 20% higher than that of unmodified coral aggregates. Using superfine cement to modify coral aggregate concrete can improve its workability, but not its compressive properties.
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Guo, L., S. Li, L. Zhong, L. Guo, L. Wang, F. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and M. Wang. "A study on the effects of the fractal characteristics of aggregates on the mechanical behavior of cemented sand and gravel." Materiales de Construcción 71, no. 342 (May 27, 2021): e250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2021.13020.
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Owing to complex aspects of cemented sand and gravel (CSG), such as included unscreened aggregates, CSG properties differ from those of ordinary concrete. Fractal theory is introduced to study the effects of aggregate characteristics on CSG properties, quantifying aggregate gradation and shape. Numerical simulation and analyses show that: (1) improved aggregate gradation decreases the gradation fractal dimension and increases the CSG peak stress and elastic modulus; (2) more irregularly shaped aggregates increase the shape fractal dimension and decrease the CSG peak stress and elastic modulus; (3) the relationship quantified between aggregate characteristics and CSG mechanical properties provides a theoretical basis for aggregate allocation in engineering design and construction. Mixing artificial aggregates can improve aggregate gradation but reduces CSG performance. Appropriately blending artificial and on-site aggregates achieves optimal CSG performance; in this study, this is attained using 20% artificial aggregates added under standard gradation.
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Suryan, Viktor, Virma Septiani, Meta Amalia Nurfitri, Direstu Amalia, Evandri Silitonga, Putu Wisnu Ardia Chandra, and Adha Febriansyah. "Green Concrete: Residu Pembakaran Sampah Plastik Dan Tekstil Sebagai Pengganti Sebagian Agregat Halus pada Campuran Beton." Jurnal Talenta Sipil 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/talentasipil.v7i1.348.
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Infrastructures are increasing as the population grows. The demand for building materials from the construction industry is also improving. Building materials like fine aggregates come from nature, such as sand. This research aims to partially replace natural fine aggregates in concrete mixes using plastic waste combustion residues. This research uses an experimental method with a quantitative approach. The test specimens used in this study were 24 pieces with a replacement percentage of 0, 5, 10, and 20% residue. The results of this study show that the average concrete strength for replacement of 0, 5, 10, and 20% is 23.77; 23.15; 19.47; 17.77 Mpa. At 5% replacement of fine aggregate, the percentage of concrete strength reached 97.4% of normal concretes. It can be concluded that concrete strength affects the partial replacement of fine aggregates with residues from the combustion of plastic and textile waste.
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Solak, Adem. "Experimental investigation on the application of concrete produced with limestone and dolomitic limestone aggregates in building constructions." Cement Wapno Beton 28, no. 1 (June 6, 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2023.28.1.2.
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Concrete, which is frequently used in the production process of buildings; It is made by mixing cement, water, aggregate and additives in appropriate amounts. It is important that the physical, chemical, mineralogical and especially mechanical properties of the concrete are at the desired level in terms of strength and durability of the built structures. In this direction, the selection of aggregates, which are an important part of the concrete mix, is one of the important factors affecting the concrete properties. The use of limestone and dolomitic rocks, which are rocks of sedimentary origin, in the selection of aggregates, strengthens the adhesion of aggregates with cement and improves the properties of the concrete mixture. In this study, it was aimed to identify and classify the rocks in the Western Anatolian region of Turkey and to investigate the suitability of their use as aggregates in concrete. In this context, when the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the rock samples taken from the field area were examined, it was understood that the rock samples were limestone and dolomitic limestone samples. In order to compare the performance of concrete mixtures prepared using limestone and dolomitic limestone aggregates, a total of 18 concrete samples were prepared, including limestone crushed aggregate, dolomitic limestone, and limestone and dolomitic limestone aggregates used together. At the end of the 7 and 28 days curing period, the concrete compressive strengths of the prepared samples with the intention of being used as concrete in building structures were tested and compared.
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Žurauskienė, Ramunė, and Marina Valentukevičienė. "Experimental Research on Quality Parameters of Recycled Concrete." Materials 13, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112538.
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Concrete itself, and issues relating to the recycling and management of reinforced concrete waste, are highly relevant, especially when urban expansion is being achieved by increased building construction volumes. This research investigates concrete waste and its (re)usage possibilities and resolves several major issues related to the question of how natural materials can be replaced by compounds made from concrete waste, thereby saving natural resources. The experiment was carried out using concrete mixtures, which were combined with natural aggregates and crushed concrete waste (fraction 4/16). The resulting mix of concrete was achieved using natural aggregates, thus replacing natural aggregates with waste, which had partially and fully replaced bulky aggregates with crushed concrete waste. The main aim of the investigation was to investigate how aggregates made from crushed concrete waste impact the properties of concrete. The exothermic effect on the concrete mixture during the hardening process was investigated. Furthermore, a macrostructural analysis of hardened concrete was conducted using scanned sample images; the adhesion zone between newly formed concrete stone and aggregates derived from natural rock from crushed concrete waste was investigated. Using an electron microscope to observe aggregate from crushed concrete waste and the contact zone of hardened cement stone revealed that the aggregate from waste adheres poorly with hardened cement stone. Furthermore, both the mechanical properties of new, hardened concrete and determined resistance to frost indicators are weak. Concrete density and compression strength decreased (by up to 8% and up to 18%, respectively), and absorption increased almost twofold due to aggregates derived from crushed concrete waste, since their cleavage strength indicator was twice as high, while water absorption was four times higher than that of natural aggregate. The results indicate that recycled concrete obtained from demolished buildings is environmentally sustainable and can be recommended for lower quality concrete for use in related engineering projects.
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Chandel, Akshay, and Chandra Pal Gautam. "Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates, Coarse Aggregates, Cement in Concrete." International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 4, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2021.499.
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Today, the need to protect environment is a moral obligation for human. The study investigates the suitability of using Crumb rubber as replacement of Fine aggregates, Waste Crushed tiles as Coarse aggregates and Bagasse as replacement of Cement. The results of the study revealed that the Compressive strength of the sample showed satisfactory performance. This experiment mainly deals with the manufacture of Concrete made from waste materials. The concrete cubes are tested under CTM for compressive strength. The cost comparison with the conventional concretes has revealed that Concrete made from these waste is preferred because it is more economical walling material in itself and permits the use of economical building techniques. Also by the use of concrete made from these wastes it allows the building to save its energy and Cost and enables the building to have a step forward towards Zero energy building and Economical also.
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K, Anitha, and Senthilselvan S. "Agricultural Waste Materials Applications in Building Industry – An Overview." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 2371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.2371ecst.
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Agricultural wastes have become a growing concern in recent years as the world's population has grown. Agricultural solid wastes are irresponsibly dumped or burned in public areas in several countries worldwide, resulting in air pollution, soil contamination, and smoke. The residue could end up in a water supply, polluting the water and aquatic ecology. Agricultural waste is crushed and turned into fine and coarse aggregates, or it is burned into ash, which is used in the making of concrete. Agricultural solid waste is a lightweight aggregate used in the production of masonry blocks [1]. Green concrete's thermal insulation, sound absorption, water stability, fire resistance, and mechanical properties will all be improved as a result [2]. The present paper explores the various structural components prepared by using agricultural waste materials, such as bio-bricks, natural fiber components, lightweight concrete, green concrete, concrete roofing, and tile components.
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Khaudiyal, S., M. A. Gour, N. Garg, S. K. Das, and S. Kumar. "Optimising partial replacement of coarse and fine aggregates with medical PP plastic and HIPS plastic waste to develop lightweight concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012050.
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Abstract Climate change, land scarcity, overexploitation of natural resources, generation of vast amount of trash, and the difficulty to dispose off that trash in an effective and safe manner are just some of the issues that modern society is now dealing with. Inevitably, as the need for new construction rises, so does the demand for the materials needed to make new buildings. Incorporating waste components into the concrete will alleviate some of the pressure placed on the virgin building materials and will also contribute to the removal of a sizeable amount of garbage from the surface of the earth. This study has been undertaken to highlight and showcase the utilization of plastic wastes as an aggregate replacement. The study aims to develop a lightweight concrete using plastic wastes. Here, natural coarse aggregates have been replaced by black polypropylene (PP) plastic and natural fine aggregates are replaced with high-strength polystyrene commonly known as HIPS plastic. The literature suggested an optimum replacement percentage of 40% against natural coarse. For a constant workability, a combination of 40% coarse replacement along with 10% fine aggregate replacement was found to be optimum with comparable mechanical properties as compared to conventional concrete. With the inclusion of plastic aggregates into the concrete, a significant weight reduction was observed. When 40% coarse aggregate and 10% fine aggregates were replacement with PP plastic and HIPS plastic, respectively, a weight reduction of 21.17% was observed.
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Salzano, Cinzia, Ilenia Farina, Narinder Singh, Payam Sadrolodabaee, Salvatore Puca, Antonio Ramondo, and Francesco Colangelo. "Green Building Materials: Mechanical Performance and Environmental Sustainability." Materials Science Forum 1082 (March 31, 2023): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-c090ih.
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In recent years, in the field of waste management, waste-to-energy plants have been attained great attention as a valid method for mitigating landfill disposal in addition to valorizing waste from the energy point of view. Moreover, there are several technological proposals aimed at valorizing and reusing the residues produced by incinerators. Nonetheless, pre-treatment and treatment techniques, including washing and the solidification/stabilization process, may be necessary for the recovery and recycling of this type of by-product. In this regard, the objective of this research is the production of lightweight artificial aggregates with acceptable quality, capable of guaranteeing specific requirements and technical performance, through the recycling of fly ash derived from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). The properties of the three types of aggregates, produced through the cold-bonding pelletization, were evaluated through the mechanical and leaching tests.
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Tůmová, Eva, and Rostislav Drochytka. "Development of a New Kind of Aerated Screeds for Lightweight Floors." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.215.
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This paper is focused mainly on analyzing the possibility of combining direct and indirect lightening of building materials, especially the combination of lightweight porous aggregates in combination with aerated concrete respectively. As a part of indirect lightening the lightweight inorganic aggregate will be described.
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Bensalem, Sara, Mohamed Lyes Kamel KHOUADJIA, Kamel Abdou, Ahmed Abderraouf Belkadi, and Oussama Kessal. "Experimental Evaluation of Workability Compressive Strength and Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete Containing Expanded Clay Aggregates." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.11.2.25028.
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The development of the building materials industry in Algeria and worldwide has opened up new commercial opportunities for waste recovery. Using recycled materials and natural resources such as expanded clay aggregates are increasingly seen as a solution for the future to meet the gap between production, consumption and environmental protection. The present study investigates the effect of expanded clay aggregate (ECA) on a concrete slump, porosity, softening coefficient, compressive strength, and Freeze-thaw durability. Tests were conducted according to Russian National State Standard (GOST) 10060-2012 of concrete mixtures with expanded clay aggregate (ECA). A total of 7 mixtures were prepared. One is considered a reference mixture based on limestone aggregates. The other six mixtures were prepared by replacing the limestone aggregates with expanded clay aggregates, using two substitution rates (15%, 30% by weight) and three aggregates sizes (Sand 0/4, Gravel 8/16, and 16/25) while maintaining the same w/b ratio. The results indicate that ECAs can be used for concrete production. Furthermore, concrete containing 30% ECA (0/4) has the best properties and is the most freeze-thaw resistant than the other mixtures with ECA.
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Zhi, Xiao, Tao Yang, Xun Zhang, Yi Ren, Pin Deng, Yuliang Chen, and Yuanjie Xiao. "Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties and Permeability of Cement-Stabilized Permeable Recycle Aggregate Materials." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 14063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914063.
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This paper designed cement-stabilized permeable road subgrade materials. Construction demolition waste with recycled aggregate replaced natural aggregate in cement-stabilized materials to utilize recycled resources for construction solid waste. This paper tests the compressive strength, water permeability, bending strength, and compressive resilience modulus of cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate materials under different cementitious additive ratios. The results show that at a recycled aggregate proportion of 30% in cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate material, the 7-d unconfined compressive strength exceeds 3.5 MPa, and the permeability coefficient surpasses 3.5 mm/s, which can meet the roadbed requirements in China. The incorporation of recycled aggregates significantly reduces the mechanical properties and water permeability of cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate materials, while cementitious additives improve the mechanical properties. Specifically, red brick, old concrete, and ceramics in recycled aggregates weaken the mechanical properties of the skeleton structure of cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate materials, and the compressive strength, bending strength, and compressive resilience modulus decrease with the recycled aggregate content. Cementitious additives can fill the micro-pores of the interface transition zone of cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate materials to improve the cementation strength between aggregates.
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Sánchez-Cotte, Edgar H., Carlos Albeiro Pacheco-Bustos, Ana Fonseca, Yaneth Pineda Triana, Ronald Mercado, Julián Yepes-Martínez, and Ricardo Gabriel Lagares Espinoza. "The Chemical-Mineralogical Characterization of Recycled Concrete Aggregates from Different Sources and Their Potential Reactions in Asphalt Mixtures." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 5592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245592.
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The incorporation of a recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as a replacement of natural aggregates (NA) in road construction has been the subject of recent research. This tendency promotes sustainability, but its use depends mainly on the final product’s properties, such as chemical stability. This study evaluates the physical and chemical properties of RCAs from two different sources in comparison with the performance of NA. One RCA was obtained from the demolition of a building (recycled concrete aggregate of a building—RCAB) and another RCA from the rehabilitation of a Portland cement concrete pavement (recycled concrete aggregate from a pavement—RCAP). Characterization techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectrometry were used to evaluate the RCAs’ coarse fractions for chemical potential effects on asphalt mixtures. NA was replaced with RCA at 15%, 30%, and 45% for each size of the coarse fractions (retained 19.0, 12.5, 9.5, and 4.75 sieves in mm). The mineralogical characterization results indicated the presence of quartz (SiO2) and calcite (CaCO3) as the most significant constituents of the aggregates. XFR showed that RCAs have lower levels of CaO and Al2O3 concerning NA. Potential reactions in asphalt mixtures by nitration, sulfonation, amination of organic compounds, and reactions by alkaline activation in the aggregates were discarded due to the minimum concentration of components such as NO2, (–SO3H), (–SO2Cl), and (Na) in the aggregates. Finally, this research concludes that studied RCAs might be used as replacements of coarse aggregate in asphalt mixtures since chemical properties do not affect the overall chemical stability of the asphalt mixture.
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Ahmed Abed, Zainab, Mustafa Abd Al-Hussein Kazem, and Zainab Al-Khafaji. "Statistical Analysis of Total Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Sustainable Recycled Aggregates." BIO Web of Conferences 97 (2024): 00120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249700120.
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Since building materials have been increasingly chosen based on their ecological attributes, contemporary development is strongly tied to preserving natural resources through avoiding environmental deterioration. Nevertheless, it was argued that concrete cannot be considered environmentally friendly because of its destructive, resource-consuming nature and the potential for severe environmental impact after its use. Concrete is among the most adaptable materials in construction and contributes significantly to expanding the infrastructural and industrial segments. Nevertheless, it will continue to be the dominant building material utilized everywhere. Even though recycled aggregates (RAs) were still less often employed in the construction sector, much effort was conducted to recycle hardened concrete, and further improvements are needed to maximize this. Some investigations on recycled aggregate's characteristics, applications, drawbacks, and behavior were also discussed. The current research aims to present a statistical analysis of coarse aggregate replacement with different water/cement ratios utilizing Single and two-way ANOVA for different mechanical features (tensile and compressive strengths) and durability features (Chloride ion penetrability) at 28 and 90 curing days. The results show no significant differences in one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA for compressive strength and chloride ion penetrability at 28 and 90 curing days.
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Smyrnov, A. S., and A. O. Myslytska. "ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE IN A WOOD-SOIL CONCRETE SLAB." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 2 (020) (June 3, 2024): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.99.1048.
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Problem statement. During the process of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine, there will be a need for a large number of affordable and ecological building materials, especially in the part of restoration and construction of low-rise buildings. Such building materials can be soil-concrete and aggregates from crushed concrete waste. The proposed constructive solution of the ribbed floor, in which the ribs are made of pine beams and OSB sheets, and the slab part is made of soil concrete on fixed formwork. The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal composition of the soil-concrete mixture using crushed stone obtained after crushing concrete scrap, taking into account the configuration of the wood-soil concrete slab, to determine the strength of soil-concrete of this composition, to determine the possibility of using recycled coarse aggregates. Conclusions. Based on the results of determining the optimal composition of soil-concrete, it was established that the maximum compressive strength is achieved when the mass content of the binder in the cement-soil mixture is at the level of 20 %. Taking into account the configuration of the slab part of the floor, a fraction of 5...7.5 mm is accepted for coarse aggregate. During the test of soil-concrete samples with recycled aggregate with a mass content of 10 %, 20 % and 30 %, the compressive strength of soil concrete decreased. Obviously, the presence of a clay component (loam) in the mixture reduces the adhesion in the contact zone between the aggregate and the soil-concrete, which increases the heterogeneity of the entire structure of the soil-concrete. Thus, the use of natural or recycled coarse aggregates in soil-concrete is impractical. Taking into account the determined strength of soil-concrete without aggregate, a scheme of combined concreting of the soil-concrete slab is proposed – heavy concrete above the rib and soil-concrete in the overhangs. In this case, there is a need for research on the possibility of using recycled coarse aggregate of the required size in heavy concrete.
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Colangelo, Francesco, Ilenia Farina, Marta Travaglioni, Cinzia Salzano, Raffaele Cioffi, and Antonella Petrillo. "Innovative Materials in Italy for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Buildings." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14082048.
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In the last 20 years, there have been a series of seismic events in Italy that have caused serious damage to civil and building structures. This has led to a significant increase in the use of concrete for the reconstruction of new structures and the repair of existing structures damaged by earthquakes. At the same time, the concrete industry is responsible for the most significant environmental damage during the life cycle of the built environment. The environmental disadvantages characterizing the concrete industry are related to the constant growth of the exploitation of natural aggregates. Therefore, it is necessary to use alternative and innovative aggregates that provide good concrete performance and lower environmental impacts. In this study, a very promising route from an environmental point of view is given by the use of artificial aggregates from industrial waste as substitutes for natural aggregates. An innovative low cost and energy saving granulation process has been employed to produce lightweight aggregates using fly ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste and ground granulated blast furnace slag. The final aim of this research is to demonstrate the environmental sustainability of artificial aggregates, through a comparison of three different mixtures.
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Šneideraitienė, Lina, and Daiva Žilionienė. "Assessment of Skid Resistance of Road Pavements." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 15, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.490.
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The quality of the paved road depends not only on the decisions of the road designer and the work carried out but also on the materials used. Most of the aggregates used are imported from other countries. However, the usage of domestic materials reduces the cost of the road pavement and the use of aggregates produced by a special production technology in Lithuania, i.e., dolomite aggregates instead of granite aggregates. Experimental studies were carried out on the skid resistance of the road surface. It was found that the coefficient of skid resistance met the requirements for surface dressing with dolomite aggregate, and the results were analysed with 95% probability. This coefficient partially met the requirements for asphalt concrete, while it did not meet the requirements at all for stone mastic asphalt. The surface roughness, however, met the requirements for road sections where granite aggregates were used instead of dolomite in mixes of surface dressing and asphalt concrete. The analysis was carried out considering the volume of traffic and the service life of the individual road sections. It was determined that it was suitable for a 5-year guarantee period to perform the surface dressing, wearing course of asphalt concrete and stone mastic asphalt with dolomite aggregate where part of heavy vehicles is less than 20% of traffic flow. The use of granite aggregates was justified only in the road where heavy vehicles dominated.
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Mehraz, Saida, Wenpo Luo, Jolanta Swiatowska, Boudjema Bezzazi, and Abdelhafed Taleb. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2 Aggregates and Their Application as Negative Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: The Conflicting Effects of Specific Surface and Pore Size." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040916.
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TiO2 aggregates of controlled size have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using TiO2 nanoparticles of different sizes as a building unit. In this work, different techniques were used to characterize the as-prepared TiO2 aggregates, e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller technique (BET), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM), electrochemical measurements etc. The size of prepared TiO2 aggregates varied from 10–100 nm, and their pore size from around 5–12 nm; this size has been shown to depend on synthesis temperature. The mechanism of the aggregate formations was discussed in terms of efficiency of collision and coalescence processes. These newly synthetized TiO2 aggregates have been investigated as potential negative insertion electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The influence of specific surface areas and pore sizes on the improved capacity was discussed—and conflicting effects pointed out.
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Okina, Sylvain Ndinga, Louis Ahouet, and Destin Gemeton Etou. "Evaluation of Concrete Performances Based Recycled Aggregates of Road and Build Demolition for a Formal Using in the Republic of Congo." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2023): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2023.v08i11.001.
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The reuse of recycled aggregates in the composition of concrete is a major challenge today in response to the high cost of construction and the environmental impact of waste This work evaluates the the physic-mechanical properties of concrete using recycled building demolition aggregates and bituminous concrete of pavements in the Republic of Congo. The idea was to check whether these recycled aggregates can have the same performance as when they were first used in concrete. From the results obtained, the recycled building aggregates have good mechanical strength according to the Los Angeles (32.5%) and Micro-Deval (29.3%) tests. Concrete made from building demolition aggregates (CRA1#) has a 28-day compressive strength of (28.8MPa), which is very close to that of the CNA# control concrete (31.11MPa). Concrete incorporating a mixture of asphalt concrete and building demolition aggregates (CRA3#) has a compressive strength of 20.32MPa. In terms of compressive strength, only CRA1# and CRA3# can be used as class C25 concrete for CRA1# and C20 for CRA3#.
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Shapiro, B. I. "Block building of polymethine dye aggregates." Nanotechnologies in Russia 3, no. 3-4 (April 2008): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995078008030014.
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Almadani, Mohammad, Rafiza Abd Razak, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, and Rosnita Mohamed. "Geopolymer-Based Artificial Aggregates: A Review on Methods of Producing, Properties, and Improving Techniques." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 5516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165516.
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The depletion of aggregate-related natural resources is the primary concern of all researchers globally. Recent studies emphasize the significance of recycling and reusing various types of natural or by-product material waste from industry as a result of the building industry’s rising demand for aggregate as the primary component in concrete production. It has been demonstrated that the geopolymer system has exceptional features, such as high strength, superior durability, and greater resistance to fire exposure, making it a viable alternative to ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. This study will examine the present method utilized to generate artificial aggregate-based geopolymers, including their physical and mechanical properties, as well as their characterization. The production process of geopolymer derived from synthetic aggregates will be highlighted. In conjunction with the bonding of aggregates and the cement matrix, the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is highlighted in this work as an additional important property to be researched in the future. It will be discussed how to improve the properties of geopolymers based on artificial aggregates. It has been demonstrated that cold bonding provides superior qualities for artificial aggregate while conserving energy during production. The creation of ITZ has a significant impact on the bonding strength between artificial aggregates and the cement matrix. Additionally, improvement strategies demonstrate viable methods for enhancing the quality of manufactured aggregates. In addition, other recommendations are discussed in this study for future work.
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Cardinali, V., M. T. Cristofaro, M. Ferrini, R. Nudo, B. Paoletti, and M. Tanganelli. "AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH FOR THE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL CENTRES IN MASONRY BUILDING AGGREGATES: APPLICATION TO THE CITY OF SCARPERIA, ITALY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-667-2020.
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Abstract. The seismic vulnerability of masonry building aggregates is very difficult to determine, since it is affected by many uncertainties. The most uncertain quantities concern the historical periodization of structural aggregates. Moreover, the studies made at the urban scale can hardly be thorough, and usually the knowledge achieved on the single units is not fully satisfactory, so that the structural designer has to deal with uncompleted architectonical surveys and partial data; one of the most important problems concerns the lack of knowledge about the boundary conditions between adjacent structures. In order to perform mechanical analyses, an extensive knowledge of materials and techniques adopted is required. In this paper, an integrated methodology for the seismic assessment of building aggregate is presented. It concerns a multidisciplinary knowledge-based approach calibrated over the historical centres and the urban aggregates; the procedure joins different aspects, such as the use of modern technologies for an integrated knowledge, plans reconstructions through archival documents, laser scanner digital survey of urban fronts, non-destructive investigations of the materials. GIS and BIM platforms have been used to implement and collect data in order to perform detailed analyses. The information allowed to assess the seismic vulnerability of the building aggregates and the expected damage scenarios through empirical methodologies. The city of Scarperia, founded a few kilometres from Florence during the Medieval Age and characterized by a medium seismicity, has been chosen as a case study for the presented procedure.
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Xiao, Yuanjie, Kunfeng Kong, Umar Faruk Aminu, Zhiyong Li, Qiang Li, Hongwei Zhu, and Degou Cai. "Characterizing and Predicting the Resilient Modulus of Recycled Aggregates from Building Demolition Waste with Breakage-Induced Gradation Variation." Materials 15, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 2670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072670.
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Building demolition waste (BDW) has been massively stockpiled due to increasingly rapid urbanization and modernization. The use of recycled BDW as unbound granular base/subbase materials is among the sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly pavement construction alternatives. The resilient modulus is an important mechanical property of BDW-derived aggregates and mechanistic design input of pavements incorporating BDW. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive laboratory study on the shear strength and resilient modulus characteristics of BDW-derived aggregate materials. A series of monotonic triaxial compression tests and repeated-load triaxial (RLT) tests were conducted with five different gradations representing particle breakage and different stress paths. The apparent cohesion and internal friction angle of recycled BDW aggregates under consolidated drained conditions ranged from 35.3 to 57.5 kPa and from 30.2° to 54.3°, respectively. The apparent cohesion and internal friction angle also increased and decreased non-linearly with the increasing relative content of fine particles, respectively. The resilient modulus of recycled BDW aggregates gradually decreased with increasing relative content of fine particles at the same stress level. Both the deviator stress and confining pressure exhibited significant influences on the resilient modulus, while the effect of confining pressure was more profound. Based on laboratory testing data, a mechanistic-empirical model was developed to predict the resilient modulus of recycled BDW aggregates from gradation and stress-state variables. The findings could be useful for extended engineering applications of BDW in unbound granular pavement base/subbase construction.
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Hanganu, Dumitru-Dragos. "Notes About Crushing Sand from Bituminous Schist." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Construction. Architecture Section 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipca-2021-0009.
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Abstract People have used sand and stone for foundations for thousands of years. Significant refinement of the production and use of aggregate occurred during the Roman Empire, which used aggregate to build its vast network of roads and aqueducts. The invention of concrete, which was essential to architecture utilizing arches, created an immediate, permanent demand for construction aggregates. Construction aggregate, or simply “aggregate”, is a broad category of coarse to medium grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world. Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material. Due to the relatively high hydraulic conductivity value as compared to most soils, aggregates are widely used in drainage applications such as foundation and French drains, septic drain fields, retaining wall drains, and roadside edge drains. Aggregates are also used as base material under foundations, roads, and railroads. In other words, aggregates are used as a stable foundation or road/rail base with predictable, uniform properties (e.g. to help prevent differential settling under the road or building), or as a low-cost extender that binds with more expensive cement or asphalt to form concrete. Preferred bituminous aggregate sizes for road construction are given in EN 13043 as d/D (where the range shows the smallest and largest square mesh grating that the particles can pass). The same classification sizing is used for larger armour stone sizes in EN 13383, EN 12620 for concrete aggregate, EN 13242 for base layers of road construction and EN 13450 for railway ballast. Aggregates themselves can be recycled as aggregates. Unlike deposits of sand and gravel or stone suitable for crushing into aggregate, which can be anywhere and may require overburden removal and/or blasting, “deposits” of recyclable aggregate tend to be concentrated near urban areas, and production from them cannot be raised or lowered to meet demand for aggregates. Supply of recycled aggregate depends on physical decay of structures and their demolition. The recycling plant can be fixed or mobile; the smaller capacity mobile plant works best for asphalt-aggregate recycling. The material being recycled is usually highly variable in quality and properties.
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Luca, B. I., A. Panțiru, A. Timu, M. Bărbuță, L. I. Diaconu, M. Rujanu, and A. C. Diaconu. "Eco-concrete for obtaining “green” construction elements." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1283, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1283/1/012007.
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Abstract The building materials branch of the construction industry is continuously developing due to occurrence of new products which seek to improve the “green” character of buildings by using different types of wastes. Prefabricated products of different sizes such as blocks, panels, beams and other spatial elements can now be obtained with eco-materials. Concrete is the most used material in the building industry and thus it is necessary to diminish its environmental pollution. There are different ways for improving the “green” character of concrete, such as the addition of waste products of different types (fly ash, silica fume, slag, shredded tyre rubber, agricultural powder wastes, etc.) or by replacing some of the components (i.e. cement, aggregates) with eco-materials. Materials with pozzolanic properties (fly ash, silica fume, banana leaves powder, volcanic tuff, etc.) can, in certain proportions, replace the cement. In order to replace the aggregates, the substitution materials are obtained with sizes which are corresponding to the aggregate sort (polystyrene granules, shredded plastic recipients, agricultural wastes, etc). In the current article, the experimental results obtained on types of eco-concrete used for producing reinforced concrete beams are presented. The eco-concrete used for pouring the reinforced concrete beams contains the following materials: fly ash as replacement for the cement, metalic fibers, polyester fibers and hemp fibers. The beams models were tested in two point bending. The strength capacity and type of failure were analysed and compared as a function of the type of eco-concrete.
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Gadea, J., J. Soriano, A. Martín, P. L. Campos, A. Rodríguez, C. Junco, I. Adán, and V. Calderón. "Reactividad árido-álcali en áridos empleados para hormigón." Materiales de Construcción 60, no. 299 (August 10, 2010): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2010.48708.
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Vitale, Federica, and Maurizio Nicolella. "Mortars with Recycled Aggregates from Building-Related Processes: A ‘Four-Step’ Methodological Proposal for a Review." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052756.
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Because the production of aggregates for mortar and concrete is no longer sustainable, many attempts have been made to replace natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from factories, recycling centers, and human activities such as construction and demolition works (C&D). This article reviews papers concerning mortars with fine RA from C&D debris, and from the by-products of the manufacturing and recycling processes of building materials. A four-step methodology based on searching, screening, clustering, and summarizing was proposed. The clustering variables were the type of aggregate, mix design parameters, tested properties, patents, and availability on the market. The number and the type of the clustering variables of each paper were analysed and compared. The results showed that the mortars were mainly characterized through their physical and mechanical properties, whereas few durability and thermal analyses were carried out. Moreover, few fine RA were sourced from the production waste of construction materials. Finally, there were no patents or products available on the market. The outcomes presented in this paper underlined the research trends that are useful to improve the knowledge on the suitability of fine RA from building-related processes in mortars.