Journal articles: 'Agglutinative languages'

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Demon, Yosef. "Morphophonemics in the Lamalera Dialect of Lamaholot." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v3i1.414.

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Every language has differences and similarities in its linguistic systems. This is based on the assumption that the languages used by humans around the world come from one common ancestor. However, there are phenomena which are peculiar to each language. Morphophonemic alternation is a universal phenomenon. This means that all languages have this phenomenon. However, there are interesting peculiarities, for example, the morphophonemic alternations in agglutinative languages differ from isolating languages, tonal languages and inflecting languages. Lamaholot language is is not agglutinative, nor is it anlative (?) nor is it tonal. As a language characterized by neither agglutination, isolation nor tone, Lamaholot language has interesting morphophonemic phenomena to study. There is an elision or elimination of sounds, there is the addition or insertion of sounds, there is the preservation of sounds and certain sounds that are altered due to the addition of other sounds. This uniqueness occurs because Lamaholot Language does not have verb affixes as a strategy for morphophonemic change.

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Febrian, Gilang, Ulfa Novitasari, and Arif Hidayat. "Agglutinative language in bahasa Indonesia." LADU: Journal of Languages and Education 2, no. 4 (May 31, 2022): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56724/ladu.v2i4.95.

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Background: Morphology, defined as the internal structure of words, has always played an important role in linguistic typology, and it is with the morphological classification of languages into fusional, agglutinative, and isolation This paper will take one language as an example or object that is Indonesian language, and analysis the morphological typology characteristics in the Indonesian language. Purpose: This research is to find out the all characteristic of the morphology typology and analysis Indonesian language based on the agglutinative language because Indonesian language has same type with agglutinative language. Design and methods: This paper using descriptive qualitative method. The author analysis all of morphology typology branch especially agglutinative. To support analysis, the author using theory from other journal to strength the result of analysis. Results: The result show the Indonesian language is included to agglutinative language based on the analysis.

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Kujur, Anup Kumar. "Subject-Verb Relation in North Dravidian Language." Shanlax International Journal of English 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v10i1.4315.

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The main objective is to highlight some of the distinctive features pertaining to agreement phenomenon and language structure in Kisan. It is a agglutinative language having nominative-accusative case markings. The characteristics of an agglutinative language has gradually beenconverged with those of analytic language like Hindi and Odia which are the dominant languages of the region.

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Tantug, Ahmet Cüneyd. "Document Categorization with Modified Statistical Language Models for Agglutinative Languages." International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems 3, no. 5 (2010): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ijcis.2010.3.5.12.

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Tantug, Ahmet Cüneyd. "Document Categorization with Modified Statistical Language Models for Agglutinative Languages." International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems 3, no. 5 (October 2010): 632–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18756891.2010.9727729.

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Kim, Mi-Young, and Randy Goebel. "Adaptive-capacity and robust natural language watermarking for agglutinative languages." Security and Communication Networks 5, no. 3 (May 12, 2011): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sec.336.

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Salokhiddinov, Manuchehr, and Oybek Rabimov. "Comparative analysis of language typology and its tasks." Общество и инновации 2, no. 12/S (February 5, 2022): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss12/s-pp319-322.

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Comparative language typology is part of the general typology of linguistics. She studies systems of two or more languages, certain categories of languages in a deductive way (from external to internal). Comparative linguistic typology, as the concept itself shows, is a linguistic subject of typology based on the method of comparison. Comparative typology can equally consider only dominant or common features, as well as only distinctive features that occur in languages of the same structural type (synthetic, analytical, agglutinative, etc.) or in languages of different structural types (synthetic and analytical, agglutinative and incorporated, etc.). The classification of the main essential features of languages, and their most important characteristics and patterns, are the subject of comparative linguistic typology. The task of comparative linguistic typology is to create general typological rules and concepts by comparing linguistic phenomena of different languages. Classification of the main essential features of languages, the most important characteristics and regularities are the subject of comparative typology. The task of Comparative Typology is to create General typological rules and conceptions by comparing linguistic phenomena of various languages.

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Hakola, H. P. A. "Are the major agglutinative languages genetically related?" Language Sciences 11, no. 4 (1989): 367–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0388-0001(89)90027-2.

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Park, Hancheol, Kyo-Joong Oh, Ho-Jin Choi, and Gahgene Gweon. "Constructing a paraphrase database for agglutinative languages." Data & Knowledge Engineering 123 (September 2019): 101604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2017.07.007.

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Valentinova, Olga I., and Mikhail A. Rybakov. "Logic of Determinative Analysis of Agglutinative and Inflectional Languages (part 1)." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 18, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2021-18-2-130-142.

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A clear understanding of the systemic differences between interacting languages is necessary to study the interaction of languages in the mind of a bilingual (multilingual) personality and improve the practice of teaching languages in a transcultural environment. If such languages belong to different morphological types, the method of determinant analysis can be proposed as an effective tool for methodological forecasting of negative interference. The goal set by the authors of the article is to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the systemic determinant of the language type and its particular specific features at the levels of phonetics, morphology and syntax. The object of the research is the agglutinative and inflectional types of languages that lie between the extreme manifestations of proximity and remoteness of individual minds. In their work, the authors rely on the systemic methodology of determinant typological analysis, developed in the 1960s-70s by the founder of modern systemic linguistics, Professor Gennady Prokopyevich Melnikov.

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Revesz, Peter Z. "Computational Linguistics Techniques for the Study of Ancient Languages." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821003014.

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This paper presents a grammatical comparison of the Minoan language with the proto-Ugric and proto-Hungarian languages. Recent research showed that these languages are closely related, but this paper presents a novel grammatical comparison. The grammatical comparison shows the Minoan language to have an agglutinative type of grammar, with a CVCV type root word structure. The Minoan language also features assimilation between the word roots and the suffixes and a possessive phrase structure that is similar to that in Hungarian.

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Genidze, N. K. "Vocalic Ratio as One of the Most Important Criteria of Phonetic Classification of World Languages." Discourse 6, no. 5 (November 30, 2020): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-5-87-96.

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Introduction. The article analyses the vowel-consonant ratio as one of the most important criteria of phonetic typology in the world languages. Scientific relevance of the research is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of grammar and phonetics in typologically, genetically and historically different languages.Methodology and sources. Certain language is determined by vocalic ratio – a concept introduced to identify the vowels-consonant relation and measured through vk = V/C. Thus, all the languages can be either vocalic (vk > 1.3), consonantal (vk < 0.7) or mixed (0.7 > vk > 1.3). The article concerns the ideas by Ferdinand de Saussure (Indo-European root’s structure) and Aleksander V. Isachenko (phonetic typology).Results and discussion. The author conducts a comparative analysis of phonological systems and phonetic analysis of text fragments in several languages of different families and different historical periods: Gothic, old English, old Icelandic, English, Danish, French, and Finnish. The research reveals how the language’s structure matches its vowel-consonant ratio, i. e. disclose a link between its phonetic and morphology-syntactic classifications.Conclusion. The research has proved the fact that analytic trends in phonemes, on the one hand, depend on the vowel-consonant distribution in the language and speech, and on historically determined difference between the phonemes’ function – on the other. Inevitably, too, the language’s evolution from inflectional-synthetic to analytic or agglutinative (analytic-agglutinative) type affects all language levels, including the phonetic one. Consonants are stronger and almost resistible to changes; they function to distinguish the sense, making relative words so similar. The development of vowel system triggers the development of analytic functions, which are bound to impact the language system. Increasing number of vowels, emerging diphthongs and triphthongs are the result of analytic abilities of the language.

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Abdullabekova, Umsalimat Bagautdinova. "“POLYPREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION” IN THE KUMYK LANGUAGE." Herald of the G. Tsadasa Institute of Language, Literature and Art, no. 25 (April 30, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestiyali25/4.

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The article examines the functioning of the polypredicative construction in the Kumyk language. The notion of a "polypredicative sentence" was introduced by the Novosibirsk syntactic school. Turkic languages are not characterized by properly complex sentences with two formally independent finite parts connected by an analytical form. Case affixes and postpositions form not finite verb forms, but infinite verb forms. Such constructions in agglutinative languages are the most frequent.

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Bakhtikireeva, Uldanai M., and Olga I. Valentinova. "“Language thinking” from the perspective of systemic linguistics." Russian Journal of Linguistics 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-30149.

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Systemic Linguistics by Gennadii P. Melnikov, representing the interaction of linguistics and philosophy, is a system of established scholarly knowledge. An evidence-based system of knowledge that rationally certifies Melnikov's results is reflected, in particular, in the systemic typology of languages as a subfield of systemic linguistics. Like systemic linguistics in general, systemic typology of languages has not yet been sufficiently subjected to scholarly reflection. The goal of the article is to expand the scholarly discourse on the systemic approach to language. The authors focus their attention on the explanatory potential of systemic linguistics in the study of the features of thought expression in the agglutinative Kazakh language and the problem of its conveyance by means of the inflectional Russian language. The data were obtained from everyday communication, the Kazakh-Russian dictionary (2008), samples from the Kazakh-language works by Auezov, Shakhanov, Korgasbek, Suleimenov among others, and their translations into Russian. The article aims to reveal the features of dividing sense into meanings in typologically different languages. The findings substantiated and verified the provision that in typologically different languages the division of sense into meanings differs and, depending on a meaning, may be expressed by a one-word nomination or cognomination. The study has revealed the ability of an inflectional language to convey the static character of an agglutinative language and to transform this staticity into eventfulness, depending on the purpose of communication. Thus, the research has proved that the same mental content is conveyed by different means developed in languages of different morphological types.

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Bakhtikireeva, Uldanai M., and Olga I. Valentinova. "“Language thinking” from the perspective of systemic linguistics." Russian Journal of Linguistics 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-30149.

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Systemic Linguistics by Gennadii P. Melnikov, representing the interaction of linguistics and philosophy, is a system of established scholarly knowledge. An evidence-based system of knowledge that rationally certifies Melnikov's results is reflected, in particular, in the systemic typology of languages as a subfield of systemic linguistics. Like systemic linguistics in general, systemic typology of languages has not yet been sufficiently subjected to scholarly reflection. The goal of the article is to expand the scholarly discourse on the systemic approach to language. The authors focus their attention on the explanatory potential of systemic linguistics in the study of the features of thought expression in the agglutinative Kazakh language and the problem of its conveyance by means of the inflectional Russian language. The data were obtained from everyday communication, the Kazakh-Russian dictionary (2008), samples from the Kazakh-language works by Auezov, Shakhanov, Korgasbek, Suleimenov among others, and their translations into Russian. The article aims to reveal the features of dividing sense into meanings in typologically different languages. The findings substantiated and verified the provision that in typologically different languages the division of sense into meanings differs and, depending on a meaning, may be expressed by a one-word nomination or cognomination. The study has revealed the ability of an inflectional language to convey the static character of an agglutinative language and to transform this staticity into eventfulness, depending on the purpose of communication. Thus, the research has proved that the same mental content is conveyed by different means developed in languages of different morphological types.

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Zhanabekova, A., and Zh Alpysbay. "TECHNOLOGY AND PROBLEMS OF AUTOMATIC LINGUOANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF WORDS." Tiltanym, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2022-4-15-25.

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The article discusses the technology of the morphological analyzer, which implements the program of morphological markup in the National corpus of the Kazakh language. The introduction of morphological markup is the most basic and important linguistic analysis of the National Corpus. It is also considered how language units in the intermediate layer are differentiated in the dictionary of basic words and the dictionary of grammatical forms (word forms) that we are developing. It is difficult for a computer to automatically divide words into roots and affixes and describe the relation of words to parts of speech and grammatical characteristics of affixes. However, in agglutinative languages, such as Kazakh, it is easier to automatically separate words and automatically analyze the composition of words than in inflectional languages. This is due to the fact that in agglutinative languages affixes are added in a certain system. The formal model of word forms is more understandable. The article discusses some difficulties of automatic parsing and analysis of words in the Kazakh language. The article also discusses problematic issues of functional affixes in the modeling of the morphological system of the Kazakh language, as well as issues related to categories and conditionally accepted codes included in the grammatical dictionary.

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Chilingaryan, Kamo Pavelovich. "Fusional and agglutinative features in declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages (a diachronic aspect)." Litera, no. 6 (June 2021): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35737.

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The subject of this research is the typological characteristics of declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages and their diachronic changes. The author compares the modern Armenian and Grabar (classical Armenian) language, as well as Old East Slavic and modern Russian language. The goal of this article is to determine typological peculiarities of grammatical case systems of the Russian and Armenian languages in their current state, taking into account the vectors of evolutionary development of these systems in the history of the two languages. Research methodology leans on the traditional concepts of morphological typology and systemic analysis of language types proposed by G. P. Melnikov. It is established that unlike the Russian language, the Armenian declension system contains certain agglutinative and analytical features. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of these phenomena and explanation of their consistent nature. The acquired results are valuable for typological description of the Russian and Armenian languages, as well as for teaching these languages to non-native speakers. The presented materials broaden scientific representations on multifacetedness of development of fusional declension on the example of two quite different languages within the same language family.

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Laakso, Johanna. "Language contact and typological change: The case of Estonian revisited." Word Structure 14, no. 2 (July 2021): 226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2021.0188.

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The traditional hypothesis of a typological cycle from agglutination via fusion to isolation and back to agglutination, still invoked by many linguists (albeit with caveats and limitations), would imply a natural drift behind typological changes. Accordingly, such typological changes would typically result from internal developments (such as reductive sound changes), while etymological counter-currents (such as segmentable suffixes replacing earlier stem alternations) could rather be due to language contact. On the other hand, the agglutinative type seems to be stable and resistant to typological change especially in Northern Eurasia, and for the change towards a more fusional type, characteristic of some Finnic and Saami languages in the northwestern periphery of Uralic, a contact explanation might seem plausible. However, a closer scrutiny of Estonian, often mentioned as an example of typological change and characteristically impacted by Germanic, shows that in typological change, internal and external motivations intertwine and interact.

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Butskhrikidze, Marika. "What do modern languages with Scriptio Continua have in common?" Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 72, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2022-0006.

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Abstract Theoretically, it is possible for any language to practice scriptio continua (a style of writing without spaces or any markers between the words/sentences) due to the very nature of language: a system of arbitrary and discrete elements. Two universal functions of sound: distinctive and delimitative, ensure that any language has boundary markers for meaning-bearing units that facilitate both language production and comprehension. We argue that some languages are more adaptive to this writing style than others. The languages that have predominantly isolating/analytic or agglutinative constructions with tones and limited combinatory rules (restricted phonotactic constraints) are more suitable to have scriptio continua than inflectional languages with complex phonotactic rules and free stress. This correlation is examined in three modern languages that to this day practice scriptio continua: Burmese, Thai, and Lhasa Tibetan.

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Tantug, Ahmet. "A probabilistic mobile text entry system for agglutinative languages." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 56, no. 2 (May 2010): 1018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2010.5506034.

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Bölücü, Necva, and Burcu Can. "Unsupervised Joint PoS Tagging and Stemming for Agglutinative Languages." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 18, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3292398.

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Tetik, Ayşe. "The reception of European typological language classification among the Turkish language reformers of 1932-1936." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 63 (April 1, 2022): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2021.1961.

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The fact that the Turkish language was classified as an agglutinative language bythe traditional European linguistics was accepted, but also challenged by the Turkish language reformers of the 1930s. The underlying reason was that most classifications of the language families were influenced by harsh judgments about the cultural and intellectual level of its speakers as well as on the capability of those languages. Interestingly, the Turks did not question this kind of prejudices towards non-Indo-European languages and their speakers, but they tried to solve this “problem” at alinguistical-theoretical level. There were diverse attempts to deal with this issue, especially between 1932 and 1936.

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Moncunill Martí, Noemí, and Javier Velaza Frías. "Iberian." Palaeohispanica. Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua, no. 20 (May 1, 2020): 591–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i20.370.

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Iberian is the best documented of all Palaeohispanic languages —it has the richest and most varied corpus, the longest chronology of attestation and largest territorial extension—, and yet it also remains one of the most enigmatic. As for its typological classification, it is considered to be an agglutinative language which may present ergative features; however, its hypothetical relationship with other languages, ancient or modern, is still uncertain. This paper presents the main ongoing lines of research and the most widely accepted hypotheses on the Iberian language and its written culture, placing special emphasis on current problems of interpretation and the main challenges ahead.

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Suleimanov, Dzavdet Sh, Alexander Ya Fridman, Rinat A. Gilmullin, and Boris A. Kulik. "System analysis of the natural language modeling problem." Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no. 5-2021 (December 27, 2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.5.12.005.

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System analysis of the problem of modeling a natural language (NL) made it possible to formulate the root cause of the low efficiency of modern means for accumulating and processing knowledge in such languages. This is the complexity of intellectualization for such tools, which are created on the basis of primitive artificial programming languages that practically represent a subset of flectional analytical languages or artificial constructions based on them. To reduce the severity of the identified problem, it is proposed to build NL modeling systems on the basis of technological tools for verbalization and recognition of sense. These tools consist of semiotic models of NL lexical and grammatical means. This approach seems to be especially promising for agglutinative languages; it is supposed to be implemented on the example of the Tatar language.

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FORTUNA, IGOR. "Materials for a Korean Etymological Dictionary." Philology 4, no. 2018 (January 1, 2019): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/phil042019.5.

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Abstract Korean is a head-final, left-branching agglutinative language, with basic SOV order and modifiers preceding the modified. It displays many typological similarities to Japanese, at various levels. In its vocabulary, again like Japanese and other languages in East Asia, it has been deeply influenced by Chinese. The present work is intended as a preliminary collection of lexical and etymological notes, illustrated with various literary examples.

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Patel, Raj Nath, Prakash B. Pimpale, and M. Sasikumar. "Machine Translation in Indian Languages: Challenges and Resolution." Journal of Intelligent Systems 28, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0014.

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Abstract English to Indian language machine translation poses the challenge of structural and morphological divergence. This paper describes English to Indian language statistical machine translation using preordering and suffix separation. The preordering uses rules to transfer the structure of the source sentences prior to training and translation. This syntactic restructuring helps statistical machine translation to tackle the structural divergence and hence provides better translation quality. The suffix separation is used to tackle the morphological divergence between English and highly agglutinative Indian languages. We demonstrate that the use of preordering and suffix separation helps in improving the quality of English to Indian language machine translation.

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Rakhimova, Diana, and Aidana Karibayeva. "Aligning and extending technologies of parallel corpora for the Kazakh language." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 2(118) (August 31, 2022): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.259452.

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The paper presents the two-stage alignment and extending methods of parallel corpora for the Kazakh language. The Kazakh language is agglutinative with rich morphology and related to the Turkic language group. So, the traditional alignment methods for similar languages do not work for the Kazakh language. The alignment is used primarily to ensure that the fragment corresponding to the original is found in the translation. After that, identical fragments of parallel texts are compared with each other. At the initial stage, the question is what needs to be leveled. It is possible to align word by word, but this often becomes almost impossible for several reasons: sets of lexemes and expressions do not match in different languages. Considering the linguistic peculiarities of languages, the developed technologies and ways of universal alignment of parallel text may not work in languages with agglutination. It means that the form of the word is formed by additional affixes and auxiliary words that carry semantic and morphological information. The approach presented in this paper is to use a two-stage alignment, which uses a bilingual dictionary of synonyms. The evaluation with the use of the English-Kazakh corpus verifies that our method shows an average of 89 % correct alignment. The second method is designed to expand the parallel corpus due to the lack of natural parallel corpora of the Kazakh-English language pair with good quality. The developed method uses a combinatorial method taking into account the semantic and grammatical features of the Kazakh language. Different tenses of the Kazakh language are used for sentence generation, and different endings for parts of speech are also considered.

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Shivachi, Casper Shikali, Refuoe Mokhosi, Zhou Shijie, and Liu Qihe. "Learning Syllables Using Conv-LSTM Model for Swahili Word Representation and Part-of-speech Tagging." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 4 (May 26, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3445975.

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The need to capture intra-word information in natural language processing (NLP) tasks has inspired research in learning various word representations at word, character, or morpheme levels, but little attention has been given to syllables from a syllabic alphabet. Motivated by the success of compositional models in morphological languages, we present a Convolutional-long short term memory (Conv-LSTM) model for constructing Swahili word representation vectors from syllables. The unified architecture addresses the word agglutination and polysemous nature of Swahili by extracting high-level syllable features using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and then composes quality word embeddings with a long short term memory (LSTM). The word embeddings are then validated using a syllable-aware language model ( 31.267 ) and a part-of-speech (POS) tagging task ( 98.78 ), both yielding very competitive results to the state-of-art models in their respective domains. We further validate the language model using Xhosa and Shona, which are syllabic-based languages. The novelty of the study is in its capability to construct quality word embeddings from syllables using a hybrid model that does not use max-over-pool common in CNN and then the exploitation of these embeddings in POS tagging. Therefore, the study plays a crucial role in the processing of agglutinative and syllabic-based languages by contributing quality word embeddings from syllable embeddings, a robust Conv–LSTM model that learns syllables for not only language modeling and POS tagging, but also for other downstream NLP tasks.

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Do-Hurinville, Danh Thành, and Huy Linh Dao. "Transcategoriality and isolating languages." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 5, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 8–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00011.doh.

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Abstract In the first part, we show that the notion of transcategoriality, which is present in several types of languages (inflectional, isolating, agglutinative), serves to reconcile two antinomic forces of human linguistic activity: to satisfy cognitive-communicative needs and to limit the effort/to optimise linguistic systems. In the second part, we first examine our triangular dynamic model which comprises three macro-categories, namely lexeme, grammeme, pragmateme, and then, we discuss the differences between these three macro-categories. In the third and last part, we argue for the existence of transcategoriality in Vietnamese, an isolating language without inflectional morphology. We will discuss this issue by analyzing some markers such as: thành công, đẹp, mới, thì, and mà.

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Mamyrbayev, Orken, Keylan Alimhan, Dina Oralbekova, Akbayan Bekarystankyzy, and Bagashar Zhumazhanov. "Identifying the influence of transfer learning method in developing an end-to-end automatic speech recognition system with a low data level." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 9(115) (February 28, 2022): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.252801.

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Ensuring the best quality and performance of modern speech technologies, today, is possible based on the widespread use of machine learning methods. The idea of this project is to study and implement an end-to-end system of automatic speech recognition using machine learning methods, as well as to develop new mathematical models and algorithms for solving the problem of automatic speech recognition for agglutinative (Turkic) languages. Many research papers have shown that deep learning methods make it easier to train automatic speech recognition systems that use an end-to-end approach. This method can also train an automatic speech recognition system directly, that is, without manual work with raw signals. Despite the good recognition quality, this model has some drawbacks. These disadvantages are based on the need for a large amount of data for training. This is a serious problem for low-data languages, especially Turkic languages such as Kazakh and Azerbaijani. To solve this problem, various methods are needed to apply. Some methods are used for end-to-end speech recognition of languages belonging to the group of languages of the same family (agglutinative languages). Method for low-resource languages is transfer learning, and for large resources – multi-task learning. To increase efficiency and quickly solve the problem associated with a limited resource, transfer learning was used for the end-to-end model. The transfer learning method helped to fit a model trained on the Kazakh dataset to the Azerbaijani dataset. Thereby, two language corpora were trained simultaneously. Conducted experiments with two corpora show that transfer learning can reduce the symbol error rate, phoneme error rate (PER), by 14.23 % compared to baseline models (DNN+HMM, WaveNet, and CNC+LM). Therefore, the realized model with the transfer method can be used to recognize other low-resource languages.

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Aukhadieva, Faniya Sabirovna, and Elena Alexandrovna Bulycheva. "SPECIFIC GRAMATICALIZATION FEATURES OF THE INDEPENDENT MOVEMENT VERBS IN LANGUAGES WITH DIFFERENT STRUCTURE." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-2-186-197.

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The article reviews the grammaticalization features of the independent movement verbs in the Russian, German, Udmurt and Tatar languages. The verbs of independent movement in each of the mentioned languages form the system in which verbs are semantically opposed to each other on the widest range of criteria connected with the direction, way, character and intensity of movement. Usually in any language there are a certain number of movement verbs which take part in semantic development and the forming of new lexical meanings. The semantic development has specific features in fusional and agglutinative languages. We can observe two main types of semantic changes. The first type of semantic modification is connected with the disappearing of the seme, which represents «movement in space» and with the preservation of the hyperseme expressing «changing» in the widest sense of this word. The other type of semantic changes is connected with the neutralization of the seme, representing movement, direction and a way of movement, however at the same time the seme connected with aspectual characteristics are actualized: perfectivity, telicity, durativity. This semantic modification is an important basis for the grammatikalization of verbal lexemes. Semantic development can occur due to extension of denotates classes, which can function as actants. The processes of grammaticalization in the languages with a different structure have specific features. The authors come to the conclusion, that the verbs of independent movement in the fusional languages such as Russian and German realize their grammatical potential to some degree. On the contrary in agglutinative languages such as Udmurt and Tatar a lot of verbs of independent movement realize their grammatical potential so that they can function as a part of polypredicative constructions.

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Tsygankin, D. V., and G. S. Ivanova. "Assimilative potential of vowel harmony in languages of agglutinative type." Bulletin of Ugric studies 9, no. 3 (2019): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2019-9-3-510-518.

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Sirazitdinov, Zinnur. "PAIR COMBINATIONS OF VEHICLES BASHKIR LANGUAGE AFFICIENCES." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.193.09.

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Drawing up a model of the word form, a formal description of the inflectional system of the language is an urgent task of computer linguistics. Models of this type serve as the basis for the development of automatic text processing systems: morphological analyzers,spelling systems, machine translation, etc. Applied linguistics has considerable experience in the formalized description and modeling of the morphology of natural languages. This article discusses the modeling of the inflectional system of the verbal parts of the speech of the Bashkir language in paired combinations of affixes. This approach is close to the grammar of the Gleason orders and is promising when creating morphoanalyzers for languages of the agglutinative system.

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Ibragimova, Tursunay Galbaevna. "КЫРГЫЗ ТИЛИНДЕГИ ЖӨНӨКӨЙ СҮЙЛӨМДӨРДҮН НОМИНАТИВДИК СТРУКТУРАСЫ." Alatoo Academic Studies 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2021.211.27.

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This article, first of all, discusses the issues of interdependence and direct relationships of the formal (virtual) form and the semantic structure of a simple sentence, as an ancient archetype of the syntactic model in the Turkic languages in general, in the Kyrgyz language in particular. Also, the concept logical foundations of the representation of predicatively in the internal form of a simple sentence of the Kyrgyz language and the communicative meaning of a simple sentence of the actual speech of the carrier are analyzed. Consequently, the semantic structure of a simple sentence in the Kyrgyz language as a general language category constitutes the semantic core of a simple sentence in a given language and manifests the dialectical evolution of the grammatical and semantic plans of a simple sentence in agglutinative languages as a whole.

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Efremov, D. A., and Z. Sziráki. "Serial postpositions in the Udmurt language and function words in the Kazakh language (comparative analysis)." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 138, no. 1 (2022): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2022-138-1-202-207.

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Postpositions in many languages have evolved from significant words through grammaticalization. In the Udmurt language, as in many other Finno-Ugric languages of Russia, they are divided, separated into two groups: serial and non-serial postpositions. In the Kazakh language, function words are divided into two groups: function words and postpositions. The subject of our study was serial postpositions of the Udmurt language and function words of the Kazakh language, since in the essence of these categories of words there are similar features. The conclusion suggests itself - these two categories of words, although they are denoted by different terms, clearly show a striking typological similarity. In both languages, these categories of words occupy a middle position between nominals (mostly nouns) and postpositions. Nouns have their own independent lexical meaning, have the ability to decline, take possessive suffixes, and the postpositions have lost their original (lexical) meaning, so they perform only grammatical functions, just like case affixes, only, unlike the latter, they are a separate word and do not adjoin nominal basis. This circumstance can be explained from the point of view of the morphological (typological) classification of languages - both languages belong to agglutinative languages.

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Makhamatali Kizi, Aliboeva Nilufar. "Semantic Grammatical Opportunities Of Descriptive And Imitative Units In Uzbek Languages." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 2, no. 08 (August 19, 2020): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue08-34.

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This article entails imitative expressions to sound and state in national linguistic view of the world, agglutinative languages, particulary, wide usage of imitations in Uzbek, additionally, almost non-existence of imitations as an independent part of speech expressing imitation to sound and state with nouns, adjectives or verbs,derivation of imitation with the above words.

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Mansfield, John. "Morphotactic variation, prosodic domains and the changing structure of the Murrinhpatha verb." Asia-Pacific Language Variation 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.1.2.03man.

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Bound morphology is usually realized on lexical stems following fixed rules of sequencing, but in some highly agglutinative languages this is not the case. Morphotactic variation has previously been described in detail for Chintang and Tagalog, and more briefly noted for various other languages including Udi, Totonac and Athapaskan languages (Bickel et al., 2007; Harris, 2002; McFarland, 2009; Rice, 2000; Ryan, 2010). I here report another case of variable ordering, in Murrinhpatha, spoken in northern Australia. I argue that in this case the variable ordering of verb suffixes reflects change in progress in the morphological structure of the verb, and the dynamic nature of prosodic domains in this language. I also note that in Chintang, Udi and Murrinhpatha, morphotactic variation is associated with word-like prosodic domains occurring inside the syntactic verbal word.

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Demon, Yosef, and Veronika Genua. "Inflexive Marker and Morphophonological Processes in the Lamalera Dialect of Lamaholot Language (LDLL)." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v2i3.306.

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Inflection is a universal linguistic phenomenon. The phenomenon of inflection occurs in every language according to each language system. The language system of each language greatly determines the peculiarities of the language inflection. Inflection in a language that is agglutinative is different from that in a language that has a synthetic, tonal and isolating system. The treatment of each language is different for this case of inflection. Lamalera Dialect of Lamaholot Language (LDLL) also shows inflection. Inflection in LDLL is different from inflection in other languages because of the language system, especially the LDLL sound system. LDLL is not characterized by agglutinative, nor synthetic, tonal nor isolating morphology. What is the strategy for inflection in LDLL? The result of the study shows that in LDLL, inflection is expressed clitically on the verb. These clitics are cross-referenced by the verbs. There are two types of cross-reference clitics, namely cross-referencing proclitics and enclitics. Proclitic cross-referencing applies to both transitive and intransitive root verbs. This form of cross-referencing pronouns is both proclitic and enclitic, and morphophonological changes actually occur. This process cannot be avoided because morphophonological processes actually occur due to merging of the morpheme with another morpheme. In this case the clitic is considered as bound morpheme.

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Gabitkhanuly, K. "METHODS OF TRANSLITERATION OF CHINESE ONOMASTIC NAMES IN KAZAKH ALPHABET WITH LATIN GRAPHICS." Tiltanym 87, no. 3 (October 2, 2022): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2022-3-14-29.

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Translation of onomastic names from one language into another or their correct spelling is one of the most important problems of linguistics and translation. This is due to the fact that onomastic names are not only linguistic units, phenomena, but also non-linguistic factors (ideological, historical, cultural, geographic, social, linguistic relations), which play a very important role in the development of relations between states and peoples. The Kazakh and Chinese languages, both genetically and typologically, belong to different language groups: one belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language group, the other to the Altai language group; typologically, one refers to isolating languages, the other to agglutinative ones. Moreover, there are significant differences in the spelling of both languages: one uses a semantic syllable and the other uses phonetic notation. The "Palladium transcription system" based on the current phonetic rules of the Russian language does not correspond to the phonetic rules of the Kazakh language. The study shows the ways and rules of transliteration of Chinese onomastic names into the Kazakh alphabet with Latin graphics.

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Khromov, S. S. "Intonation of accentuation in the agglutinative languages (in comparison with Russian)." RUDN JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES, SEMIOTICS AND SEMANTICS 8, no. 1 (2017): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2017-8-1-195-205.

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Valentinova, Olga I., and Mikhail A. Rybakov. "Logic of Determinative Analysis of Agglutinative and Inflectional Languages (Part 2)." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 18, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2021-18-3-234-244.

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The goal that the authors of the article set for themselves is to specify causal relationships between the systemic determinant of a linguistic type and its particular specific features at the levels of phonetics, morphology and syntax. The object of study is the agglutinative and inflectional types of languages that lie between the limiting manifestations of proximity and remoteness of individual consciousnesses. In their work, the authors rely on the systemic methodology of determinant typological analysis, developed in the 1960s - 70s by the founder of modern systems linguistics, Professor Gennady P. Melnikov.

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Hahn, Michael, Rebecca Mathew, and Judith Degen. "Morpheme Ordering Across Languages Reflects Optimization for Processing Efficiency." Open Mind 5 (2021): 208–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00051.

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Abstract The ordering of morphemes in a word displays well-documented regularities across languages. Previous work has explained these in terms of notions such as semantic scope, relevance, and productivity. Here, we test a recently formulated processing theory of the ordering of linguistic units, the efficient tradeoff hypothesis (Hahn et al., 2021). The claim of the theory is that morpheme ordering can partly be explained by the optimization of a tradeoff between memory and surprisal. This claim has received initial empirical support from two languages. In this work, we test this idea more extensively using data from four additional agglutinative languages with significant amounts of morphology, and by considering nouns in addition to verbs. We find that the efficient tradeoff hypothesis predicts ordering in most cases with high accuracy, and accounts for cross-linguistic regularities in noun and verb inflection. Our work adds to a growing body of work suggesting that many ordering properties of language arise from a pressure for efficient language processing.

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Lykhachova, Anzhelika. "FROM THE HISTORY OF INDO-EUROPEAN STUDIES: A STUDY OF TOCHARIAN LANGUAGES AND GENEALOGICAL CLASSIFICATION." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2021, no. 33 (June 2022): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-27.

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The task of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the study of “dead” Tocharian languages in their connection with other Indo-European languages at all levels of the language system in linguistics of the XIX — early XXI centuries. It is noted that the discovery and study of Tocharian A and Tocharian B, qualified as centum languages, played an important role in improvement of the genealogical classification of Indo-European languages. The study of Tocharian languages are briefly described in the studios of W. Krause, W. Thomas, A. J. van Windekens, D. Q. Adams, V. V. Ivanov, T. V. Gamkrelidze, S. A. Burlak, etc. The connections of Tocharian A and Tocharian B with Celtic, Italiс, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic, Thracian-Phrygian, Hittite, Armenian languages are revealed. There is also traced Tocharian non-Indo-European influence of agglutinative language (W. Krause). The author of the article gives a brief description of the Tocharian languages at the phonological, lexical, morphological and syntactic levels. The archaic features of the Indo-European dictionary have been preserved in the Tocharian languages. It is concluded that the place of Tocharian languages among other Indo-European languages has not yet been clearly defined. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of the facts of Tocharian A and Tocharian B for researchers of other groups of Indo-European languages, to review a lot of statements of Indo-European studies.

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Pan, Yirong, Xiao Li, Yating Yang, and Rui Dong. "Multi-Source Neural Model for Machine Translation of Agglutinative Language." Future Internet 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12060096.

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Benefitting from the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning, the machine translation task based on neural networks has achieved impressive performance in many high-resource language pairs. However, the neural machine translation (NMT) models still struggle in the translation task on agglutinative languages with complex morphology and limited resources. Inspired by the finding that utilizing the source-side linguistic knowledge can further improve the NMT performance, we propose a multi-source neural model that employs two separate encoders to encode the source word sequence and the linguistic feature sequences. Compared with the standard NMT model, we utilize an additional encoder to incorporate the linguistic features of lemma, part-of-speech (POS) tag, and morphological tag by extending the input embedding layer of the encoder. Moreover, we use a serial combination method to integrate the conditional information from the encoders with the outputs of the decoder, which aims to enhance the neural model to learn a high-quality context representation of the source sentence. Experimental results show that our approach is effective for the agglutinative language translation, which achieves the highest improvements of +2.4 BLEU points on Turkish–English translation task and +0.6 BLEU points on Uyghur–Chinese translation task.

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Rakhimova, D., D. Kassymova, and D. Isabaeva. "RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A QUESTION AND ANSWER SYSTEM BASED ON THE BERT MODEL FOR THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE." BULLETIN Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences 76, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-4.1728-7901.16.

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This article presents the research and development of a question-and-answer system based on the BERT model for the Kazakh language. The article presents a new combination of normative and statistical approaches to the analysis of questions used in the system of answering questions of a closed subject area for agglutinative languages such as Kazakh. Question analysis consists of focusing and classifying questions. To focus, we have several experts based on the rules of the Kazakh language FAQ. BERT is undoubtedly a useful model in using machine learning for natural language processing. It provides fast and accurate set-up and can be used in many practical and subsequent applications.

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Rakhimova, D., D. Kassymova, and D. Isabaeva. "RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A QUESTION AND ANSWER SYSTEM BASED ON THE BERT MODEL FOR THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE." BULLETIN Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences 76, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-4.1728-7901.16.

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This article presents the research and development of a question-and-answer system based on the BERT model for the Kazakh language. The article presents a new combination of normative and statistical approaches to the analysis of questions used in the system of answering questions of a closed subject area for agglutinative languages such as Kazakh. Question analysis consists of focusing and classifying questions. To focus, we have several experts based on the rules of the Kazakh language FAQ. BERT is undoubtedly a useful model in using machine learning for natural language processing. It provides fast and accurate set-up and can be used in many practical and subsequent applications.

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Malgaazhdar, M. "WAYS OF RENDERING FUTURE TENSE FORMS FROM KAZAKH INTO ENGLISH." Suleyman Demirel University Bulletin: Philology 52, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47344/sdubp.v52i1.92.

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(BASED ON THE NOVEL “КӨШПЕНДІЛЕР”) Abstract. The article deals with the different types of transformation used in the process of translating from Kazakh into English by applying the principle of comparison. For the principle of comparison makes it possible for us to establish differences and similarities of heterogeneous languages as far as Kazakh and English languages are syntactically, morphologically and structurally different. Moreover, a close comparative study of languages not only helps us detect peculiarities of different languages but also directs us to a deeper analysis research results. English belongs to the Germanic group of language. The Kazakh pertains to the Turkic group of the Altaic family. Concerning the morphological type English is inflected and notable for its analytical character. Kazakh is an agglutinative language. As to grammar the principle means of expression in language possessing an analytical character is the order of the words and use of words and use of function words (function words, word order and intonation pattern). The grammatical inflections are the principal means used in Kazakh. Though the rest of grammatical means are also used but they are of less frequency than the grammatical inflections.

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Nan, Chengyu. "Polysemous Features of Words of Perception in English, Chinese and Korean—A Case Study of mouth, 嘴/口 and입." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0610.16.

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Typologically, English, Chinese and Korean belong to three different types of language. English is inflectional, Chinese is isolating and Korean is agglutinative. Therefore, words of perception in these three languages show some different semantic features. But due to similar physical features and physiological phenomenon, people speaking English, Chinese or Korean language use the same word of perception to express the same meaning or feeling. This paper makes a comparative case study of mouth, 嘴/口 and입, which have rich polysemous features. Their meanings are extended from “the part of human body” to the concrete “entrance” or “person” and then to the abstract “speech act” or “way of speaking”. The meaning extension shows semantic symmetry and asymmetry both interlingually and intralingually in the expressions not only with mouth, 嘴/口 and입 and other words of perception in three languages.

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K. Bijimol, T., and John T. Abraham. "A Rule Based Approach for Translation of Causative Construction of English and Malayalam for the Development of Prototype for Malayalam to English and English To Malayalam Bilingual Machine Translation System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24134.

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Malayalam is one of the Indian languages and it is a highly agglutinative and morphologically rich. These linguistic specialties of Malayalam determine the quality of all kinds of Malayalam machine translation systems. Causative sentences translations in Malayalam to English and English to Malayalam were analysed using Google Translation System and identified that causative sentence translation in these languages is not up to the mark. This paper discusses the concept and method of causative sentence handling in Malayalam to English and English to Malayalam Machine Translation Systems. A Rule-based system is proposed here to handle the causative sentence in both languages.

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Mikawa, Momo, and Nivja H. De Jong. "Language neutrality of the LLAMA test explored: The case of agglutinative languages and multiple writing systems." Journal of the European Second Language Association 5, no. 1 (2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/jesla.71.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agglutinative languages'

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