Journal articles on the topic 'Agglomeration advantage'
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1
Pflüger, Michael, and Takatoshi Tabuchi. "Comparative advantage, agglomeration economies and trade costs." Journal of Urban Economics 109 (January 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2018.11.003.
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Porter, Michael E. "Competitive Advantage, Agglomeration Economies, and Regional Policy." International Regional Science Review 19, no. 1-2 (April 1996): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016001769601900208.
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Sun, Zuoren, and Yi Liu. "Does Industrial Agglomeration Promote Carbon Efficiency? A Spatial Econometric Analysis and Fractional-Order Grey Forecasting." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5242414.
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In theory, the industrial agglomeration is a double-edged sword as there are both positive and negative externalities. China’s cities, with great disparities on degrees of the industrial agglomeration, often face different energy and carbon dioxide emission problems, which raise the question whether the industrial agglomeration promotes or inhibits energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emission. This paper explored the effects of the industrial agglomeration on carbon efficiency in China. Spatial econometric methods were implemented using panel data (2007–2016) of 285 cities above the prefecture level. The results revealed that industrial agglomerations have significant impacts on the urban carbon efficiency with significant spatial spillover effects. The agglomerations of the manufacturing and high-end productive service industries take positive effects on carbon efficiency while the low-end productive and living service industries take negative effects. As a comparison, we found that the agglomeration effects at the level of the megalopolis are greater than those at the national level, especially for the living services industry, in which the higher levels of agglomeration make the effects on carbon efficiency change from negative to positive. The divisions of labor for the central and common cities in the megalopolises are integrated into the industrial agglomeration. Furthermore, the fractional-order grey forecasting model is used in this paper. By the virtue of its advantage in dealing with small sample data which lack statistical rules, this paper makes an out-of-sample prediction of carbon efficiency and industrial agglomeration degree of Chinese cities. By adding the predicted results to the spatial correlation test, new evidence on the spatial correlation of carbon efficiency and spatial division of labor between cities is obtained. Based on the empirical results of the present study, we have proposed some policy recommendations.
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Amiti, Mary. "Location of vertically linked industries: agglomeration versus comparative advantage." European Economic Review 49, no. 4 (May 2005): 809–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2002.12.001.
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Ellison, Glenn, and Edward L. Glaeser. "The Geographic Concentration of Industry: Does Natural Advantage Explain Agglomeration?" American Economic Review 89, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.2.311.
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Konishi, Hideo. "Formation of Hub Cities: Transportation Cost Advantage and Population Agglomeration." Journal of Urban Economics 48, no. 1 (July 2000): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1999.2150.
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Gaubert, Cecile. "Firm Sorting and Agglomeration." American Economic Review 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 3117–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150361.
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To account for the uneven distribution of economic activity in space, I propose a theory of the location choices of heterogeneous firms in a variety of sectors across cities. In equilibrium, the distribution of city sizes and the sorting patterns of firms are uniquely determined and affect aggregate TFP and welfare. I estimate the model using French firm-level data and find that nearly half of the productivity advantage of large cities is due to firm sorting, the rest coming from agglomeration economies. I quantify the general equilibrium effects of place-based policies: policies that subsidize smaller cities have negative aggregate effects. (JEL D22, D24, R11, R32)
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Fu, Weiwei, and Peifen Zhuang. "Study on the Impact of Production Agglomeration of China’s Aquatic Products on Export Competitiveness." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101102.
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This paper collects the data of China’s aquatic products from 2002 to 2018 and studies the relationship between the production agglomeration and export competitiveness of aquatic products. This paper calculates the production Concentration Rate (CR) which reflects the degree of agglomeration of aquatic products and the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index which reflects the export competitiveness of aquatic products, and then uses variable intercept model with fixed effects to empirically analyze the impact of production agglomeration of three main aquatic products (fish, crustacean and shellfish) on the export competitiveness. The results show that there is an obvious phenomenon of production agglomeration of aquatic products in China. Overall, the improvement of production agglomeration of aquatic products is conducive to the promotion of export competitiveness.
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Wang, Zongming, and Jiahao Wu. "Research on the Spatial Spillover Effect of Financial Agglomeration on the Quality of Export Products." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 3, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v3i2.263.
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Since the reform and opening up, China has exported a large number of low-end manufacturing goods with the advantage of resource endowment, which has promoted the rapid development of China's economy, but it has been unable to meet the current demand for high-quality development of China's economy. At this stage, China's export enterprises are facing problems such as the rapid decline of the original low-cost advantage and the extrusion of other countries. Improving the quality of export products is one of the ways to realize China's high-quality development. Historical research results show that the financial service industry can promote the quality of export products by providing financial services and information flow. In this context, by introducing the driving relationship of financial agglomeration on the quality improvement of China's export products, this paper deeply studies the impact of financial agglomeration on the quality of export products, and puts forward policy suggestions to promote the quality improvement of export products. Firstly, this paper combs the relevant literature from two aspects: the influencing factors of export product quality and the development of financial agglomeration. On this basis, it expounds the spatial effect of financial agglomeration, and analyzes the spatial spillover effect mechanism of financial agglomeration on the quality of export products. Secondly, the quality of export products and the degree of financial agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta are calculated based on the data of China customs database. Thirdly, the spatial econometric model is constructed to empirically test the impact of financial agglomeration on the spatial spillover effect of export product quality. Finally, based on the empirical research results, policy suggestions are put forward.
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Sinaga, Arnaldo M., Mariana Simanjuntak, Fitriani Tupa R. Silalahi, Rosni Lumbantoruan, and Humasak A. T. Simanjuntak. "Industrial Agglomeration Analysis for Local Economic Growth (Case Study Medium-Large Industries at North Sumatera)." RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v2i1.541.
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The ideas for creating share value have been shown to improve economic performance. In this study, we aim to map the Location Quotients of Medium-Large Industries (IBS) agglomeration in North Sumatra and show how industrial agglomeration affects local economic growth and company performance. In this study, we use Location Quotients (LQ) index to measure the agglomeration of Medium-Large Industries (IBS) by district or city. The measurements were carried out in 34 regencies and cities in North Sumatra between 2017 and 2019. The results show that IBS agglomeration increased by 20.59% in 2017 and a steady increase by 23.53% in 2018 to 2019. The added value of this study is the expansion of the dominant logic co-creation concept, with the principle of industrial agglomeration able to assist companies in achieving sustainability and competitive advantage by promoting the creation of shared value, ranging from planning corporate resources to meeting the economic value for all stakeholders.
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Wang, Fei, and Qiliang Mao. "Spatial Dynamics of Chinese Manufacturing Industries: Comparative Advantage versus New Economic Geography." Applied Economics and Finance 4, no. 3 (March 14, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v4i3.2275.
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This paper analyzes the evolving spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China. Besides, we explore the substantial determinants by adopting a spatial panel model. The spatial pattern of Chinese manufacturing industries has changed significantly, which is featured by obvious trend of labor intensive industries and some of capital and tech intensive ones in Eastern China spread to Central and Western China. Generally, spatial dynamics of industries present an order to a certain degree. Central China has been the main region where industries spread to, and relative large range of sectors is involved. We test the determinants in terms of comparative advantage and new economic geography. It turns out that the factors driving industry spatial dynamics is not the enlarging regional cost differences of production factors but endogenous agglomeration externalities. Specifically, more and more fierce competition of local firms in same sector has become one of the principal reasons cause spatial relocation. More congestion happens in labor intensive industries compared to technology intensive industries and capital intensive industries. The findings of this study indicate that comparative advantage theory and new economic geography will be suitable in different spatial scape of economic issues. Geographic evolution of industries in one country is less determined by changing regional comparative advantage differences but the endogenous effect of varying agglomeration externalities.
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Yang, Zhenkai, Yixin Hua, Yibing Cao, Xinke Zhao, and Minjie Chen. "Network Patterns of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration in China Based on Baidu Migration Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010062.
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As a new product of the Internet and big data era, migration data are of great significance for the revealing of the complex dynamic network patterns of urban agglomerations and for studying the relations between cities by using the “space of flows” model. Based on Baidu migration data of one week in 2021, this paper constructs a 30 × 30 rational data matrix for cities in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration and depicts the network pattern from static and dynamic perspectives by using social network analysis and dynamic network visualization. The results show that the network of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration is characterized by a circular structure with Zhengzhou as the center, a city belt around Zhengzhou as the connection, subcentral cities as the support and peripheral cities as the extension. Zhengzhou is the core city of the entire network, related to which the central and backbone networks divided in this paper account for nearly 40% of the total migration. Shangqiu, Luoyang, Zhoukou and Handan also play an important role in the structure of the migration network as subcentral cities. For a single city, the migration scale generally peaks on weekends and reaches its minimum during Tuesday to Thursday. Regarding the relations between cities, the migration variation can be divided into four types: peaking on Monday, peaking on weekends, bimodal and stable, and there are obvious phenomena of weekly commuting. In general, the links between cities outside Henan Province and other cities in the urban agglomeration are relatively weak, and the constraints of administrative regionalization on intercity migration are presumed to still exist. According to the results, the location advantage for multi-layer development and construction of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration should be made use of. In addition, the status as the core city and the radiation range should be strengthened, and the connections between the peripheral cities and the other cities should be improved, so as to promote the integrated and efficient development of the whole urban agglomeration.
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Williams, Nick, Chay Brooks, and Tim Vorley. "Hidden clusters: the articulation of agglomeration in City Regions." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 34, no. 8 (July 26, 2016): 1776–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x16642229.
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For many years, local economic development has been driven by the desire to maintain, attract and nurture clusters of economic activity in targeted industrial sectors. However, where clusters are not conventionally sector-based, public policy needs to develop alternative approaches to leverage the economic benefits and realise competitive advantage. Drawing on a study of the Sheffield City Region (SCR), the paper explores the challenge of leveraging ‘hidden’ cross-sectoral clusters, which do not fit dominant discourses of agglomeration-led growth. We posit that it is the cross-sectoral connections and networks in the SCR which represent its key strength, yet these are only partially reflected by current place marketing and policy considerations, and, in many ways, are overlooked and thus remain ‘hidden’. The paper argues that the competitive advantage of the SCR is undermined when it characterises clusters in terms of industrial sectors, and instead needs to articulate its strengths as a strategically important industrial centre. The paper concludes by drawing out a number of implications for academic theory and policy development.
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Li, Xiao Juan. "Study on the Regional Agglomeration of Manufacturing Industries." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.222.
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Since 70's in last century, Shanghai is one of first-mover advantage and superior geographic location, walking in front of other provinces and cities in terms of economic development. It is an important part of the manufacturing industry as well as the engine of economic growth. According to the previous research shows that, the regional industrial aggregation has a promoting effect on the economic development of Shanghai. This paper made an empirical analysis on the relationship between aggregation and economic growth by using the panel data of Shanghai manufacturing industry.
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Firth, Michael, Shihe Fu, and Liwei Shan. "Do agglomeration economies affect the local comovement of stock returns? Evidence from China." Urban Studies 54, no. 5 (September 29, 2016): 1142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016633101.
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Prior studies in finance have examined the comovement of stock returns of firms headquartered in the same location. One interpretation of the results is that local investors have a ‘local bias’ due to an information advantage on local firms. We propose that localised agglomeration economies affect the fundamentals of local firms, resulting in the local comovement of stock returns. Using data for China A-share listed firms from 1997 to 2007, we find evidence of the comovement of stock returns of Chinese firms headquartered in the same city. We find inconsistent evidence for the local bias theory. The comovement of the stock returns of firms headquartered in the same city is stronger when the agglomeration economies in the city are stronger, suggesting that localised agglomeration economies provide an alternative explanation of the comovement of stock returns.
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Rangel-Preciado, J. Francisco, Francisco M. Parejo-Moruno, Esteban Cruz-Hidalgo, and Francisco J. Castellano-Álvarez. "Rural Districts and Business Agglomerations in Low-Density Business Environments. The Case of Extremadura (Spain)." Land 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030280.
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The strategy of the institutionalization and development of business agglomerations, in any of its analytical aspects (industrial district, local production system, cluster, etc.), has not had great results in Spanish regions with low business-density, probably due to the difficulty of finding an adequate implementation framework in administrative, geographic, and institutional terms. Based on the limitations presented by the identification methodologies of business agglomerations in low business-density territories, in this work we propose some methodological corrections that allow for reconciling these economic realities with the institutional and geographical framework offered by the local action groups (LAGs). This reconciliation is a useful tool to take advantage of the economies of agglomeration and, consequently, to explore the possibilities of endogenous development in rural areas, so that it can be a factor to take into account when planning and executing the public strategy of local and rural development. Finally, the results obtained for the specific case of Extremadura, the only Spanish region listed as a less developed one in European rural development policies, are presented.
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Gu, Yifan, and Jianghui Ding. "Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of e-Commerce Industrial Chains from the Perspective of Embeddedness: Taking Xiong’an New Area in China as an Example." Complexity 2022 (March 17, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7135969.
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e-commerce has promoted the application of the Internet by traditional enterprises. While this phenomenon has deepened industrial embeddedness, it has also profoundly affected the development of traditional manufacturing and retail industries. Based on the embeddedness theory, this paper takes the e-commerce industrial chain in Xiong’an New Area of China as an example, uses location entropy method and local spatial autocorrelation to analyze its spatial characteristics and influencing factors, and also discusses the features of embeddedness from each dimension of industrial chains. The results show the following: ① The supply chain of industry-dependent e-commerce is dominated by production wholesalers, and suppliers with cost advantages and commercial traditions are embedded in local characteristic industries; the e-commerce value chain is dominated by production and processing activities, and the spatial orientation of the business model is affected by regional industrial functions; the e-commerce enterprise chain is dominated by B2B enterprises, the high-level agglomeration of which reflects the absolute scale advantage provided by the e-commercialization of traditional industry. ② The distribution of the e-commerce industrial chains of Xiong’an New Area is characterized by spatial heterogeneity and has obvious spatial agglomeration. The industrial chains are concentrated in Xiong County, followed by Rongcheng County, and Anxin County has the weakest agglomeration. ③ The main factors that cause the uneven distribution of the e-commerce industrial chains in Xiong’an New Area include three aspects: transportation location advantages, traditional industrial foundation, and government policy regulation. Research can provide a scientific reference for accurately identifying the spatial development characteristics of the industrial chains from various perspectives and promoting the sustainable development and e-commercialization of traditional industries.
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Lübeck, Rafael Mendes, Milton Luiz Wittmann, and Marcia Santos Da Silva. "After all, What variables Characterize the Existence of Local Productive Arrangements and Local Roduction Systems?" Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 120–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v11i1.1745.
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In this paper we established a distinction between the various terms used to characterize clusters of firms. Once in the literature, we identified that the terms, Local Productive Arrangements (LPA) and Local Production Systems (LPS) are used interchangeably. However, these terminologies refer to different stages of development of territorial agglomerations of firms. In the same way, the agglomeration of businesses belonging to a same production chain in a particular region would not necessarily characterize an LPA or LPS. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the need to combine methods and variables to draw a more accurate and comprehensive territorial productive situation allowing the classification of clusters according to their stage of development and institutional structure. For that purpose, the strength of cooperation between local professionals was considered as a major factor, which creates a competitive advantage that requires exogenous interests to make use of the endogenous capabilities strategically developed and cultivated.
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Antonov, E. V. "Urban Agglomerations: Approaches to the Allocation and Delimitation." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 180–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-1-10.
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Currently, Russia has declared the need to develop a federal law “On urban agglomerations”; the development of urban agglomerations is declared as a necessary condition for ensuring economic growth and innovative development in the country. However, there are no evident approaches to the allocation and delimitation of urban agglomerations; the definitions given in the Russian spatial development strategy are very general. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to summarize the existing approaches to working with agglomerations in foreign and Russian science and practice. The article shows that in economically developed countries, the main approach to the allocation of agglomerations is functional, in which the area of interaction between the “core” of the agglomeration and its “hinterland” is determined, first of all, by the intensity of pendulum labor migrations; the functional approach is gradually transformed into a network approach, implying the polycentricity of agglomerations. The allocation and delimitation of agglomerations in a country can be based on a unified or individual approach. The article suggests using both options in Russia: a unified approach for improving statistical accounting of changes in the settlement system, which is close to the OECD methodology, and an individual approach for strategic planning and development of inter-municipal cooperation. The advantage of the OECD methodology is that there is no need to rely on the existing territorial boundaries of local self-government, which differ markedly across the subjects of the Russian Federation. It is also proposed to conduct a broad discussion of the approaches to the allocation and delimitation of agglomerations for the law “On urban agglomerations”; to improve the system of statistical accounting for pendulum population migrations, including in population censuses.
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Pujiati, Amin, Prasetyo Ari Bowo, and Dyah Maya Nihayah. "The Urban Sustainability Index in Urban Aglomeration." JEJAK 11, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v11i2.16052.
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The regional autonomy positively impacts regional development in terms of competitiveness. Each area tries to have advantage from other areas. One of the parameters of city competitiveness is the concept of sustainable cities. This study aims to identify cities based on sustainable urban development indices in six urban agglomeration area of Semarang: Semarang city, Semarang regency, Kendal regency, Grobogan regency, Demak regency and Salatiga city. Methods of data collection with questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Respondents in this study were the general public, policy makers, and academics. The results showed, based on the sustainable urban development index of the Sustainable Urban Development Indonesia Forum, six districts in urban agglomeration area of Semarang are categorized as less sustainable in 2016. The regencies in the urban agglomeration areas of Semarang indicate the index result of 103,00 - 127,83. The average contribution of the urban leadership, the urban governance, the urbanization and population, the housing and settlements variables are high, while the disaster risk and the climate change, the waterfront areas, the mass transportation, the local economy and informal sector, the preservation of cultural Heritage, the natural heritage and the local Wisdom, the green Open Spaces, the emissions and energy variable are still low.
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Yang, Jincheng, Xinqu Xia, and Mu Zhang. "A Study on Economic Spatial Structure of Urban Agglomerations in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 10 (September 6, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n10p63.
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Based on the multi-index data of 11 cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay in 2016, the urban economic quality was calculated by TOPSIS method. Applying the modified gravitational model, the economy spatial linkage characteristics of core city-to-periphery city and periphery city-to-periphery city were analyzed. In addition, based on the method of network density analysis, centrality measures, core-periphery structure analysis to make a further verification about facts carried out from spatial connection analysis. This study shows that the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay has an obvious core-periphery structure, and the overall economic network connection of Greater Bay is not strong. Guangdong-Shenzhen-Hong Kong is the core urban agglomeration in the Greater Bay Area. Dongguan and Foshan are transforming from marginal cities to semi-marginal cities. The marginal cities are limited by geographical distance or the economic environment, which leads to their development far behind the overall development of the Greater Bay Area. Finally, combined with the new wooden barrel theory and location advantage analysis method, advices were carried out to build a higher-level of the Greater Bay Area in future by dividing the Greater Bay Area into three major urban agglomerations. Urban agglomerations were proposed to meet the resources and industrial demands of the core urban imperfections and drive the economic development of the marginal cities at the same time.
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Wang, Lu, Wenzhong Ye, and Lingming Chen. "Research on Green Innovation of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group Based on Network." Land 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111198.
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This article aims to promote the high-quality development of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group and improve the green innovation efficiency of urban agglomeration. This article takes green innovation in networked urban agglomerations as its research subject. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of network structure characteristics such as network scale and network structure hole on green innovation in urban agglomerations. Moreover, this study uses the unexpected output SBM model to measure green innovation efficiency of the eight prefecture-level cities in the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group from 2012 to 2018 and analyzes its influencing factors using the panel Tobit model. The results show that the overall green innovation efficiency of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group is stable. The distribution of urban green innovation efficiency in the region is characterized by urban gradient and mid-stream drive. In the process of networked innovation, economic development, which has a positive impact on green innovation, promotes the overall effectiveness of the network structure. The low efficiency of urban educational resources, which has a negative impact on green innovation, leads to the redundancy of a network scale. The unapparent advantage of industrial structures, which have a negative impact on the development of green innovation, leads to the insufficient depth and breadth of network openness. Lastly, government support and the level of infrastructure have no impact on green innovation.
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Marco-Lajara, Bartolomé, Enrique Claver-Cortés, and Mercedes Úbeda-García. "Business agglomeration in tourist districts and hotel performance." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 26, no. 8 (November 4, 2014): 1312–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2013-0319.
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Purpose – The present paper aims to analyze how the performance of hotels located on the Spanish Mediterranean coast (peninsular and Balearic) and Canary coast is affected by the degree of business agglomeration in tourist districts. If agglomeration affects hotels positively, then the externalities generated in tourist districts will be relevant when locating an establishment. Otherwise, the reason why hotels group together geographically would be more related to the suitability of beaches as a tourist destination. The study also analyzes the impact that regions or autonomous communities have on hotel performance. Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses are tested by multiple linear regression in which hotel profitability acts as the dependent variable which can be explained by independent variables such as the greater or lesser agglomeration of tourist companies at the destination and the autonomous region where the hotel is located. Findings – The results show that hotels situated at destinations with a higher degree of agglomeration are less profitable, probably due to the greater rivalry that exists among nearby competitors. However, in accordance with the theory of tourist districts, one could expect hotels located at destinations with a higher degree of agglomeration to be more profitable because of the greater externalities generated within the district. In this sense, it is possible that hotel location decisions were based more on the natural advantage model, where firms look for specialized inputs like beach or climate, than on production externalities models. Research limitations/implications – It was necessary to work with secondary information sources which contain no data about RevPar (revenue per available room) or GopPar (gross operating profit per available room), the hotel profitability measures most often used in research studies. Practical implications – The paper could be useful for hotel companies, when they are deciding on a location, and for public administrations. Originality/value – The present paper is original for several reasons. First, it is one of the first studies which applies the theory of industrial districts to the tourism sector, a line of research which is still in its early stages of development. Furthermore, the ISTAT methodology is applied for the first time to the identification of Spanish tourist districts. Also, various studies relate the degree of agglomeration to hotel profitability, but none so far have used the degree of company agglomeration within a tourist district, linking it to profitability.
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Brosnan, Stephen, Eleanor Doyle, and Sean O’Connor. "From Marshall’s Triad to Porter’s Diamond: added value?" Competitiveness Review 26, no. 5 (October 17, 2016): 500–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-05-2015-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer clarity on a central concept introduced in Porter’s The Competitive Advantage of Nations, i.e. the cluster. The authors situate the concept introduced by Porter (1990) relative to two of its antecedents, the industrial district and industrial complex. Placing the cluster in a historical context permits consideration of the extent to which it, as a concept for analysis, may be differentiated from other geography-based approaches to economic phenomena. In this way, this paper examines the added value of the cluster concept derived from economic factors. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides a detailed literature review tracing the evolution of theories of location and agglomeration into which Porter’s cluster fits. The evolution of Porter’s own conceptualisation of the cluster and how this relates to theoretical clarity surrounding the concept is explored. Comparative analysis of theories of location, agglomeration and clustering is provided to identify similarities and differences across the approaches and identify the added value of the cluster concept in relation to other approaches. Findings Clustering represents a process associated with spatial organisational form which may offer advantages in efficiency, effectiveness and flexibility. Cluster benefits can be appreciated through the lens of Young’s (1928) identified sources of increasing returns. A key aspect in clustering is revealed in terms of its role in enabling four sources of increasing returns. The authors outline how these sources of increasing returns are related to “soft” processes of networking, interaction and individual and collective learning. Porter’s Diamond is a self-reinforcing system which can permit increasing returns and reinforce such tendencies of economic activity within agglomerations. Originality/value Added value from Porter’s cluster concept is identified in the context of both its locational anchoring and in terms of its potential for understanding the role of exploitation of increasing returns for development. This points to the importance of focusing on clustering as a process rather than on cluster within typologies of organisational form. This implies that the nature of relationships (and how they change) within and across markets, institutions and actors lies at the heart of clustering because of their roles in knowledge-generation, including innovation, knowledge sharing and upgrading.
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Harboe, Siri, and Michael Modigell. "The Influence of Particle Size on Viscosity in Thixo Material." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.333.
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In thixo casting and forming processes, the forming alloy is in a semi solid state - a suspension of solid particles in a liquid matrix. As known from suspension rheology, the solid fraction, particle size distribution, particle shape, surface properties, state of agglomeration etc. determine the complex flow behaviour of the material. In thixo forming, the flow behaviour determines the quality of the produced parts, and it is essential to quantify the flow behaviour to optimize the process route. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effect of particle size and state of agglomeration on the flow properties in a thixo material-analogue suspension, and to establish an easily applicable model to describe the non-Newtonian behaviour of a thixo material. For this purpose, experiments were conducted applying synthetic suspensions (built up of mono-disperse glass spheres in silicone oil) with behaviour analogue to thixo material. The advantage of synthetic suspensions is that parameters such as particle size and shape can be controlled in a simple manner and hence the number of unknown parameters is decreased. The experimental results show influence of shear rate, solid fraction, particle size and liquid viscosity. A model to determine the shear dependent viscosity was set up. This model was based on the Krieger-Dougherty equation for the relation between viscosity and solid fraction, and on the generally accepted theory that the state of agglomerations is influenced by shear. The model could successfully display the degree of shear thinning and takes into account the influence of particle size. However, it was found that the relation of the viscosity of the suspension and the liquid viscosity was non-linear. This does not correspond to the Krieger-Dougherty equation.
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Ling, Ziyan, Weiguo Jiang, Chaoming Liao, Yanshun Li, Yurong Ling, Kaifeng Peng, and Yawen Deng. "Evaluation of Production–Living–Ecological Functions in Support of SDG Target 11.a: Case Study of the Guangxi Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration, China." Diversity 14, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060469.
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 11.a is a good vision for the coordinated development of the economy, society and environment in urban agglomerations. However, there was an extreme lack of indicators, data or case studies for SDG target 11.a, since it is a vague “process target”, which is not conducive to the implementation of SDG target 11.a. It is important to propose a quantitative, convenient, and local policies relevant method to promote the realization or to test the implementation effects of SDG target 11.a. Combined with socio-economic data and land use data, this study uses the methods of comprehensive evaluation model, coupling and coordination degree, and comparative advantage degree methods to study the pattern evolution, coordination characteristics and advantageous areas of production–living–ecological (PLE) functions in the Guangxi Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration (GBG_UA) from 1995 to 2019. The results showed that, (1) considering the spatiotemporal distribution of PLE functions, the study area has a relatively stable ecological function as well as fluctuating production and living functions. Considering the coordination characteristics of PLE functions, high–high and low–low clustering effects were observed, and primary coordination maintained the highest proportion, accounting from 55.26% in 1995 to 71.05% in 2019, indicating the SDG target 11.a level in the GBG_UA was poor. Considering the advantageous areas for PLE functions, the region mostly comprises single-function advantageous areas and a few multifunction advantageous areas, including 20 single-function advantage counties (accounting for 52%), 15 dual-function advantage counties (accounting for 39%), and three multi-function advantage counties (accounting for 7.8%), which indicates the lack of diversified land use structures in this region. (2) Optimization suggestions for the coordinated development and realization of SDG target 11.a for the GBG_UA were provided. Suggestions were made based on the radiation and driving role of Nanning city to guide the coordinated development of surrounding counties (districts). Suggestions were also made to improve the design of the integrated transportation network as well as to optimize allocation according to the resource endowment of land and to realize an upgraded ecology as well as agricultural products and services. (3) The evaluation of PLE functions is a quantitative and convenient method that can optimize national and regional development planning and test the implementation effects of SDG target 11.a. This study offers foundational knowledge for the realization of SDG target 11.a in the GBG_UA and provides a reference for the research and implementation of SDG target 11.a in other regions around the world.
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Choi, Taelim. "Agglomeration Effect of Skill-Based Local Labor Pooling: Evidence of South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083198.
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Since workplace skills present diverse dimensions of a worker’s ability, it has recently received renewed interest by researchers examining the growth of cities. The purpose of the paper explores the advantage of regional concentrations of workers specialized in different types of skills. Specifically, the analysis estimates the agglomeration effects of skill-based labor pooling on wage levels and wage growth in South Korea. To this end, it constructs skill-based labor pool indices for cognitive, social, technical, and physical skills at a provincial level. The indices show an uneven geographical distribution in varying degrees across four types of skills. The regression results indicate that the urban wage premium of skill-based local labor pooling varies according to types of skills. The greatest magnitude of benefit is incurred by workers in cognitive-skill-oriented occupations and moderate benefits are found in technical- and physical-skill-oriented occupations. An urban wage premium is non-existent in social-skill-oriented occupations. In addition, the wage growth model with job mobility shows that the urban wage premium immediately affects workers who change jobs and relocate to denser areas. As high-wage occupations earn higher wage premiums when workers in these occupations are concentrated, it supports patterns of the polarization of both skills and their effects.
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Onishchenko, Elena. "Advantages and Specific Features of the Development of Seaside Tourist and Resort Agglomerations: Analysis of World Experience." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 2 (August 2020): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.2.7.
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The article deals with the study of the development of seaside resort and tourist agglomerations as a new spatial form of spatial location capable of using the tourist recreational potential much more reasonably and efficiently in order to attract tourists and solve social and economic problems of the region. It is established that in the course of the agglomeration development, the territories are consolidated through the distribution of functions ensuring their development. On the basis of the review of foreign research experience a number of positive effects of the agglomeration management model for all the economic industries and sectors as well as for tourism have been revealed. The analysis of world’s experience in the formation and development of seaside resort and tourist agglomerations in Europe, North and Latin America and Asia makes it possible to identify some specific aspects and tendencies of the development of seaside resort and tourist agglomerations. The conclusion is made that the dynamic promotion of world tourism and its social value requires a comprehensive study of the agglomerations’ problems and possibilities of the management of urban processes in Russia in order to keep ecological and social sustainability and overcome recreational and tourist space deficit in regions. Special attention is paid to the strategic planning of the development of agglomerations on the basis of the system approach and to the introduction of platforms of integral technologies including the “smart” city concept as well as other innovative systems for agglomeration management. The main research methods are the following: descriptive method, comparative method, content analysis. The results of the research may be applied for the development of strategic and territorial planning of municipalities and municipal units in the South of Russia as well as for municipal policy and practice focused on the efficient development of the Azov- Black Sea resort agglomerations.
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Jameel, Bassam, Tomasz Hornowski, Rafał Bielas, and Arkadiusz Józefczak. "Ultrasound Study of Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Nanoparticle Agglomeration in High Viscous Media." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103450.
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Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy has found wide application in the study of colloidal dispersions such as emulsions or suspensions. The main advantage of this technique is that it can be applied to relatively high concentration systems without sample preparation. In particular, the use of Epstein-Carhart-Allegra-Hawley’s (ECAH) ultrasound scattering theory, along with experimental data of ultrasound velocity or attenuation, provide the method of estimation for the particle or droplet size from nanometers to millimeters. In this study, suspensions of magnetite and silica nanoparticles in high viscous media (i.e., castor oil) were characterized by ultrasound spectroscopy. Both theoretical and experimental results showed a significant difference in ultrasound attenuation coefficients between the suspensions of magnetite and silica nanoparticles. The fitting of theoretical model to experimental ultrasound spectra was used to determine the real size of objects suspended in a high viscous medium that differed from the size distributions provided by electron microscopy imaging. The ultrasound spectroscopy technique demonstrated a greater tendency of magnetic particles toward agglomeration when compared with silica particles whose sizes were obtained from the combination of experimental and theoretical ultrasonic data and were more consistent with the electron microscopy images.
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Michalak, Szymon, and Paweł Bartkowiak. "Consumer Innovativeness and Personal Characteristics – A Study Among the Inhabitants of the Poznań Agglomeration." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2021-0003.
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Abstract Research background: One of the main ways companies gain and maintain a competitive advantage in many markets is to introduce product innovations. The degree of their acceptance by consumers is determined by many factors, among which the level of consumer innovativeness is of great importance. The paper presents the results of a study on consumer innovativeness of the adult inhabitants of the Poznań agglomeration. Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to recognize the relationship between consumer innovativeness and consumer’s personal characteristics and to advance knowledge regarding consumer innovativeness. Research methodology: The research was carried out using the direct interview technique with the use of an interview questionnaire, on a sample of 795 adult inhabitants of the Poznań agglomeration. Results: The results show that there is a directly proportional relationship between consumer innovativeness and education or material status and an inversely proportional relationship between consumer innovativeness and age in the pro-innovative dimension. The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in consumer innovativeness between groups based on respondents’ personal characteristics – gender, age, level of education and material situation. The results however are ambiguous. Novelty: The novelty of the study is based on the verification of the relations between consumer innovativeness and their selected personal characteristics, with the example of Poland.
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Clarke, T., and P. Beaney. "Between Autonomy and Dependence: Corporate Strategy, Plant Status, and Local Agglomeration in the Scottish Electronics Industry." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 2 (February 1993): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a250213.
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In this paper, the recent development of the electronics industry in Scotland is examined with reference to the information-systems sector. The development of this sector reflects the specific responses of US multinationals to global trends in technology and markets, in particular, the shift from electromechanical to electronic products and the development of smaller computer systems. Although these trends have led to movement towards greater autonomy for plants in parts of the Scottish industry, the advantage of such autonomy for the development of a regional industrial complex are not clear-cut. Opportunities to strengthen the supply infrastructure have arisen from the lower degrees of vertical integration generally associated with electronic equipment manufacture and from the customer base provided by foreign-owned manufacturers, and not necessarily from specific trends in plant status.
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Jung, Sang-Yong, Hyoung-Mi Kim, Soonjae Hwang, Do-Gak Jeung, Ki-Jong Rhee, and Jae-Min Oh. "Physicochemical Properties and Hematocompatibility of Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Anticancer Drug Methotrexate Delivery System." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121210.
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A layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based anticancer delivery system was investigated in terms of crystalline phase, particle size, hydrodynamic radius, zeta potential, etc. through in vitro and in vivo study. Size controlled LDH with anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) incorporation was successfully prepared through step-by-step hydrothermal reaction and ion-exchange reaction. The MTX-LDH was determined to have a neutral surface charge and strong agglomeration in the neutral aqueous condition due to the surface adsorbed MTX; however, the existence of proteins in the media dramatically reduced agglomeration, resulting in the hydrodynamic radius of MTX-LDH being similar to the primary particle size. The protein fluorescence quenching assay exhibited that MTX readily reduced the fluorescence of proteins, suggesting that the interaction between MTX and proteins was strong. On the other hand, MTX-LDH showed much less binding constant to proteins compared with MTX, implying that the protein interaction of MTX was effectively blocked by the LDH carrier. The in vivo hemolysis assay after intravenous injection of MTX-LDH showed neither significant reduction in red blood cell number nor membrane damage. Furthermore, the morphology of red blood cells in a mouse model did not change upon MTX-LDH injection. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the MTX-LDH particles were attached on the blood cells without serious denaturation of cellular morphology, taking advantage of the cell hitchhiking property.
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SUN, Xuan. "Multi-indicator Evaluation and Analysis of Coordinated Industrial Development of Urban Agglomerations." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 05, no. 01 (March 2017): 1750006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748117500063.
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The level of coordinated industrial development in a region is considered as an important factor of measuring the construction of urban agglomerations. As the economic development patterns and stages vary in regions, a single-standard evaluation system is generally insufficient in evaluating and analyzing the coordinated industrial development of urban agglomerations. This paper, with multivariate values and diversified development demands considered, quantitatively describes the industrial development of urban agglomerations from four dimensions: economics, specialization, balance, and friendliness. On this basis, it synthesizes the indicator parameters effectively and proposes a multi-indicator evaluation model. Through the model, the paper comparatively analyzes the present status and development course of coordinated industrial development of typical urban agglomerations (Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration) in China. The results show that Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration has the clearest division of industries, but its industrial spillover effect is limited, the industrial structure of small and medium cities is too simple, and the economic gap among cities narrows at a very slow rate. The core cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration exert certain driving effect upon the economy of their surrounding areas. However, they hardly give full play to their comparative advantages due to a low level of regional integration and high industrial similarity among cities. Compared with the above two urban agglomerations, the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration enjoys more reasonable division of industries among cities, significant driving effect of core cities, and higher level of coordinated industrial development as driven by the market economy.
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Kowalewski, Julia. "Inter-industrial Relations and Sectoral Employment Development in German Regions." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 233, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 486–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2013-0404.
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Summary This paper analyses the impact of cluster structures on employment development in Germany according to the hypothesis of Porter (1998). It develops a new way of measuring the co-location of suppliers and buyers of intermediate goods in a region based on an input-output approach. The resulting indicator is implemented in a shift-share regression in order to analyse the importance of input-output linkages for the employment development in individual industries. One advantage of this approach is that the results can be compared to earlier studies on localization advantages according to Marshall (1890). The results show that the availability of suppliers and customers in the same region was a major engine for job creation in specific industries in the past. In the period 1998 to 2007 this was particularly observed for service sectors, such as Air Transport or Health and Social Work but also for some manufacturing industries as well as for Agriculture and Construction. It becomes apparent from the comparison with earlier findings that agglomeration advantages are not realizable within a single industry. Positive effects rather result from the right composition of different industries that have the possibility to establish common production chains. However, for a lot of industries the intensity of inter-industrial interdependence did not play a significant role for their employment development.
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Sobczyk, Arkadiusz T., Anatol Jaworek, Artur Marchewicz, Andrzej Krupa, Tadeusz Czech, Łukasz Śliwiński, and Adam Charchalis. "Particulate Matter Emission Reduction from Marine Diesel Engines by Electrohydrodynamic Methods." Journal of KONES 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0074.
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Abstract Particulate matter (PM) and gaseous compounds (SO2, NOx, VOC) emitted by diesel engines causes serious global environmental problems and health impact. Despite numerous evidences about the harmfulness of diesel particles, the PM emission by diesel engines used by ships, cars, agricultural machines, or power generators is still unregulated, and the efficient removal of PM from diesel exhausts is still the major technological challenge. In order to comply with the International Maritime Organization regulation, the NOx emission is reduced by using selected catalytic reactor, and sulphur oxide emission has been reduced by using fuels of low sulphur content. However, both of those measures cannot be used for the reduction of PM emission produced during combustion of marine fuels. The lack of appropriate regulations results from insufficiently developed technology, which could remove those particles from exhaust gases. Conventional scrubbers currently available on the market remove only sulphur oxide with required collection efficiency, but the collection efficiency for PM2.5 is below 50%. The article discusses the technical means used for the removal of PM from marine diesel engines via applying electrohydrodynamic methods, in particular electrostatic agglomeration, as a method of nanoparticles coagulation to larger agglomerates, which could operate in two-stage electrostatic precipitation systems, and electrostatic scrubbers, which remove particles by electrically charged water droplets. The experimental results were obtained for a 2-stroke 73 kW diesel engine fuelled with marine gas oil (MGO). The agglomerator allowed increasing the collection efficiency from diesel exhausts for PM2.5 particles by about 12%, compared to electrostatic precipitator operating without agglomerator, and the total mass collection efficiency was above 74%. The collection efficiency of electrostatic scrubber was higher than 95wt.%. The advantage of using the electrostatic scrubber is that it can also reduce the SO2 emission by more than 90%, when HFO is used.
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Yusupova, Irina, and Lyudmila Golitsyna. "The Development of Agglomerations is a Key Direction of the Social and Economic Development Strategy of the Republic of Tatarstan." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 2 (August 2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2021.2.6.
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The current economic situation makes the issue of the urban agglomerations appearance and development crucial. Global experience shows that urban agglomeration is a rational form of territorial use. Through this process the creation of a unified social, economic and investment space takes place. The goal of agglomeration in the 21st century is to establish the basis for the development of large cities as the best form of people settlement. The development of a locality within an urban agglomeration should give it significant advantages. In most cases, the agglomeration process can produce a significant social and economic effect, as well as provide an opportunity to improve the quality and standard of living of the population. In world practice, agglomeration processes have an extensive system of support from the state, and currently there are trends towards the consolidation of individual agglomerations into superagglomerations or megacities. A distinctive feature of agglomeration is the presence of economic interaction between its system-forming elements, characterized by their interconnectedness and features, such as the presence of a large city, which is the center of agglomeration (center of attraction), intensive travel within the agglomeration, as well as industrial and technological cooperation within the agglomeration. In the Republic of Tatarstan the importance of agglomeration development is well understood: the key direction of the implementation of the Strategy of social and economic development of the Republic of Tatarstan up to 2030, approved in 2015, is the development of agglomerations (Kazan, Kama and Almetyevsk). The lack of unified approaches to the management of agglomeration processes is a limiting factor in the integrated development of territories, which leads to an imbalance in plans for housing construction, job supply and provision of transport and social infrastructure facilities. The purpose of this article is to identify these approaches.
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Mel'nikova, D., and L. Mariyen. "Formation of Urban Agglomerations As a Factor in Ensuring the "Connectivity" of the Economic Space of Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 5 (November 3, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-31-39.
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The work is devoted to the modern development of urban agglomerations as one of the potential mechanisms for rational use of the territory and the best form of settlement. A study of the spatial development of three agglomerations in Russia was conducted: Volgograd, Novosibirsk, and Vladivostok regions, selected based on the comparability of the average distance from the core to the agglomeration border and representing different Federal districts, using the comparative analysis method. The study allowed us to determine at what stage of formation the selected agglomerations are located in order to further strengthen the competitive advantages of a particular territory in order to preserve or improve the quality of life of the population. It is assumed that the insufficient number of economic growth centers in Russian agglomerations and their lagging behind in key socio-economic criteria is due to the lack of a developed transport network, social infrastructure facilities and insufficient level of comfort of the urban environment outside the agglomeration core.
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Tang, Liyang, Yang Zhao, Kwok Leung Tsui, Yuxin He, and Liwei Pan. "A Clustering Refinement Approach for Revealing Urban Spatial Structure from Smart Card Data." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 5606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165606.
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Facilitated by rapid development of the data-intensive techniques together with communication and sensing technology, we can take advantage of smart card data collected through Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) systems to establish connections between public transit and urban spatial structure. In this paper, with a case study on Shenzhen metro system in China, we investigate the agglomeration pattern of passenger flow among subway stations. Specifically, leveraging inbound and outbound passenger flows at subway stations, we propose a clustering refinement approach based on cluster member stability among multiple clusterings produced by isomorphic or heterogeneous clusterers. Furthermore, we validate and elaborate five clusters of subway stations in terms of regional functionality and urban planning by comparing station clusters with reference to government planning policies and regulations of Shenzhen city. Additionally, outlier stations with ambiguous functionalities are detected using proposed clustering refinement framework.
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Sun, Yuan, Jian Zeng, and Aihemaiti Namaiti. "Research on the Spatial Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Air Pollution: A Case Study in Shijiazhuang, China." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050670.
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Rapid urbanization causes serious air pollution and constrains the sustainable development of society. The influencing factors of urban air pollution are complex and diverse. Multiple factors act together to interact in influencing air pollution. However, most of the existing studies on the influencing factors of air pollution lack consideration of the interaction mechanisms between the factors. Using multisource data and geographical detectors, this study analyzed the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of air pollution in Shijiazhuang City, identified its main influencing factors, and analyzed the interaction effects among these factors. The results of spatial heterogeneity analysis indicate that the distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) has obvious agglomeration characteristics. High agglomeration areas are concentrated in the eastern plain areas, and low agglomeration areas are concentrated in the western mountainous areas. Forests (q = 0.620), slopes (q = 0.616), elevation (q = 0.579), grasslands (q = 0.534), and artificial surfaces (q = 0.506) are the main individual factors affecting AOD distribution. Among them, natural factors such as topography, ecological space, and wind speed are negatively correlated with AOD values, whereas the opposite is true for human factors such as roads, artificial surfaces, and population. Each factor can barely affect the air pollution status significantly alone, and the explanatory power of all influencing factors showed an improvement through the two-factor enhanced interaction. The associations of elevation ∩ artificial surface (q = 0.625), elevation ∩ NDVI (q = 0.622), and elevation ∩ grassland (q = 0.620) exhibited a high explanatory power on AOD value distribution, suggesting that the combination of multiple factors such as low altitude, high building density, and sparse vegetation can lead to higher AOD values. These results are conducive to the understanding of the air pollution status and its influencing factors, and in future, decision makers should adopt different strategies, as follows: (1) high-density built-up areas should be considered as the key areas of pollution control, and (2) a single-factor pollution control strategy should be avoided, and a multi-factor synergistic optimization strategy should be adopted to take full advantage of the interaction among the factors to address the air pollution problem more effectively.
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Gao, He. "Research on the Transformation and Upgrading of Sports Goods Manufacturing Industry in Hubei Province in the New Period." Advances in Higher Education 3, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/ahe.v3i3.1504.
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<p>The sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading. The negative growth of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei was caused by the sales expense exceeding the budget, the serious redundancy of employees, the ineffective operation scale and the pure technology investment. In order to boost the confidence of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province, the management method must be improved, introducing the advanced concept, promoting reform and innovation of sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province, to achieve the efficient allocation of industry resources and comprehensive agglomeration, information resources and the advantage of manpower, material resources and financial resources, to ensure that the technical progress and industry management level are matched, thus to promote the long-term development of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province and sustainable development.</p>
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Guo, Zhiwei. "Reform of Application-Oriented Talent Training Mode for College Costume Performance Major." Advances in Higher Education 3, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/ahe.v3i3.1505.
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<p>The sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading. The negative growth of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei was caused by the sales expense exceeding the budget, the serious redundancy of employees, the ineffective operation scale and the pure technology investment. In order to boost the confidence of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province, the management method must be improved, introducing the advanced concept, promoting reform and innovation of sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province, to achieve the efficient allocation of industry resources and comprehensive agglomeration, information resources and the advantage of manpower, material resources and financial resources, to ensure that the technical progress and industry management level are matched, thus to promote the long-term development of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province and sustainable development.</p>
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Balcı, Derya, and Fatma Handan Giray. "Isparta Meyvecilik Sektörünün Karo Modeli ile Rekabet Analizi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i3.784-792.3358.
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In order to gain competitive advantage in national and international markets through globalization, make the competition sustainable, produce products with advanced technologies and innovative activities and make a flexible production in line with changing demand make firms and / or sectors advantageous in global competition. This study aimed at analyzing a competitive analysis of fruit sector through the Diamond Model developed by Michael Eugene Porter in order to demonstrate national and sectoral competitiveness. For this purpose, the current situation of fruit sector, which is an important economic activity in Isparta, was put forward and analyzed its competition level was discussed. The necessary data for the Diamond Model were gathered through face-to-face surveys with 47 large fruit producers and in-depth interviews with the representatives of other related sectors. Although the fruit sector and related sectors have been located close to natural resources and inputs in the neighbourhood in Isparta, an ordinary agglomeration has emerged but it could not be clustered because collaboration culture has not been developed in the sector and intersectoral. This fact decreases the regional competition chance of the sector. However, existence of an easy and continuously communication among all actors in the sector, state supports to sectoral cooperation / organizations, and actors who are compulsory for benefiting these supports in the region should be considered important advantages for a clustering and increasing regional competitiveness power of fruit sector.
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Thomas, Tony, and Arvind Agarwal. "A Facile and Scalable Approach in the Fabrication of Tailored 3D Graphene Foam via Freeze Drying." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040864.
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One of the challenges in the processing of advanced composite materials with 2D reinforcement is their extensive agglomeration in the matrix. 3D architecture of 2D graphene sheets into a Graphene Foam (GrF) assembly has emerged as an effective way to overcome agglomeration. The highly reticulated network of branches and nodes of GrF offers a seamless pathway for photon and electron conduction in the matrix along with improved mechanical properties. 3D GrF nano-filler is often fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, which demands high energy, slow deposition rate, and restricting production to small scale. This work highlights freeze-drying (FD) technique to produce 3D graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) foam with a similar hierarchical structure to the CVD GrF. The FD technique using water as the main chemical in 3D GNP foam production is an added advantage. The flexibility of the FD in producing GNP foams of various pore size and morphology is elucidated. The simplicity with which one can engineer thermodynamic conditions to tailor the pore shape and morphology is presented here by altering the GNP solid loading and mold geometry. The FD 3D GNP foam is mechanically superior to CVD GrF as it exhibited 1280 times higher elastic modulus. However, thermal diffusivity of the FD GNP foam is almost 0.5 times the thermal diffusivity of the CVD GrF due to the defects in GNP particles and pore architecture. The versatility in GNP foam scalability and compatibility to form foam of other 1D and 2D material systems (e.g., carbon nanotubes, boron nitride nanotubes, and boron nitride nanoplatelets) brings a unique dimensionality to FD as an advanced engineering foam development process.
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Wei, Lanyi, Yanjun Zhang, Lingzhi Wang, Zilang Cheng, and Xuying Wu. "Obstacle Indicators Diagnosis and Advantage Functions Zoning Optimization Based on “Production-Living-Ecological” Functions of National Territory Space in Jilin Province." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074215.
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Frequent human activities have led to different types of land use conflicts which seriously restricted the multi-functional land use and the optimal allocation of resources. Optimizing the development and utilization pattern of land space, carrying out strategic layout, taking all aspects into consideration, and promoting green production and lifestyle are important measures to alleviate the contradiction between human and land and realize the harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature. Therefore, we constructed an evaluation index system of production-living-ecological (PLE) functions in Jilin Province, and analyzed the characteristics of PLE functions via evaluation models and a spatial concentration index. Obstacle degree model and normalized revealed comparative advantage index (NRCA) were used to identify regional dominant function and diagnose obstacle factors, and function zoning and optimization strategies were carried out. The results showed that the average score of ecological function was higher than production and living functions; the spatial agglomeration degree of the three functions was low and the distribution was scattered; the regional functions were affected and hindered by obstacle factors, including total book stock in public libraries, the proportion of nature reserve area, grassland coverage rate, and the proportion of industrial and mining storage land area. Jilin Province was divided into 14 types of advantage function areas and optimization strategies were put forward. The concept of functional regionalization was applied to measure regional multifunctionality at provincial scale, which enriched the theory and practice of territorial spatial pattern optimization, promoted the coordinated development of territorial space, and provided references for provincial territorial space planning and regional sustainable development.
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Bagheri, Samira, Kamyar Shameli, and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid. "Synthesis and Characterization of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Egg White Solution via Sol-Gel Method." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/848205.
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Anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are synthesized by a simple and cost-effective process with and without freshly water-soluble egg white proteins (albumin) via sol-gel method. The main advantage of using egg white proteins as a gelling agent is that it can provide long-term stability for nanoparticles by preventing particles agglomeration. The X-ray diffraction and FTIR results indicate that the synthesized nanoparticles have only the anatase structure without the presence of any other phase impurities. Additionally, the TNPs are characterized by a number of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet visible spectra (UV-vis). The sizes of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with and without using egg white solution are12.55±3.42 nm and21.45±4.21 nm, respectively. The results indicate that egg white solution is a reliable and cheap green gelling agent that can be used as a matrix in the sol-gel method to synthesis tiny size TNPs.
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Сергачова, Аліна Олександрівна. "КЛАСТЕРНІ ЗАСАДИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ РОЗВИТКУ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 123, no. 3 (January 13, 2019): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2018.3.7.
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The paper discusses various approaches to the interpretation of a ‘cluster’ concept along with revealing basic characteristics of clusters provided by domestic and foreign scholars. An emphasis is made on increasing interest of a range of economic experts and professionals to local industrial agglomeration and specialization issues. However, among the vast body of ideas and concepts, the most relevant is the cluster approach that has been successfully implemented around the globe, since it allows to take full advantage of regional potential taking into consideration both public and private interests. The cluster approach as a tool of local industrial agglomeration and specialization contributes to the increase of competitiveness and innovation capacity. The main focus is drawn to the stages of regional space clustering and the sequence control of the territory cluster development. It is proved that successful implementation of cluster policy should be based on internal processes with due regard to the effects of the external environment. In addition, the government can enhance cluster development by changing local demand; public procurement in territorial companies; training of local workforce through the implementation of supplementary education programs and retraining of personnel; promoting region’s branding to attract foreign investment. It is argued that the cluster approach will facilitate a comprehensive methodology to address the issues of enterprise interactions within different industries. An algorithm of regional space clustering and cluster development management has been elaborated. Argument is given towards the importance of building and implementation of a cluster policy as a framework for each region effective development. The research findings reveal that the success in cluster development can be achieved by creating a well developed cluster policy that has to be a joint responsibility of business and respective government authorities.
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Celińska-Janowicz, Dorota, Maciej Smętkowski, and Katarzyna Wojnar. "Behavioural Aspects of Office Space Structures in the City: The Case of Warsaw’s Business Districts." Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4259.
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Agglomeration and urbanisation externalities accelerate the concentration of commercial activities in the urban space and the creation of business districts. As a result, besides the usual central business district (CBD), large cities also have more recent, peripheral, and specialised secondary business districts (SBDs). There is little substantial research on the formation of SBDs in rapidly globalising, semi-peripheral locations, especially in post-socialist metropolises of Central and Eastern Europe. This includes Warsaw, Poland, which is being transformed into an emerging global metropolis. The article aims to determine the differences between the CBD and the SBD in Warsaw in terms of their attractiveness to companies and employees and the spatial behaviours of employees, especially in terms of transport and shopping. The research hypotheses indicate the differences between the two districts in terms of the type of agglomeration economies, transport accessibility, and components of the competitive advantage, as well as the characteristics of companies in those districts. The data are from a survey conducted in 2017–2018 among companies and their employees in both business districts, and they are analysed using basic statistical techniques and discriminatory analysis. The results confirmed there are significant differences between the two Warsaw business areas, mainly in terms of their transport accessibility and urbanisation externalities. In terms of transport, there is a greater role for public transport and rail in the CBD and for motorway and airport proximity in the SBD. Urbanisation externalities are significantly diminished by the traffic congestion in the SBD. The study also revealed that the development of commercial areas in Warsaw—a post-socialist city with a neoliberal model of spatial planning—follows only in some aspects the spatial patterns of business areas in other Western European metropolises.
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ASTAFEVA, Nonna S., Irina V. LAGUTA, Elena E. KUKARINA, and Natalia Yu MOLEVA. "PROBLEMS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD AND RUSSIAN AGGLOMERATION." Urban construction and architecture 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2020.01.20.
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The concept of agglomeration, historical and other prerequisites for its formation, the structure and dynamics of the development of a modern city are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of people living in urban structures are revealed. A comparison is made of the largest world agglomerations (Moscow, Paris, London, New York and Tokyo) in order to identify common features. The main features of Russian agglomerations are highlighted, their differences from world ones are shown, factors that contributed to the formation of domestic urbanized cities are indicated. The problems of the modern metropolis, their consequences and impact on the lifestyle of the population are considered.
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Noviani, Rita, Lutfi Muta'ali, and Nasruddin Nasruddin. "FACING SOLO RAYA METROPOLITAN CITY: ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING." GeoEco 4, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ge.v4i2.22508.
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<p>Since 2010 Solo Raya has became part of the metropolis candidates that will continue to grow along with the agglomeration of Jogjakarta and Semarang. The problems that trail is the tendency of metropolitan magnitude that resulted in less functioning of the city as a catalyst for regional development. Further impact is the lagging of small and medium-sized cities (Tjahjati, 1995). The development of urban system is determined by both the comparative advantage and the competitive advantages, such as location, natural resources and human resources (Metropolitan Directorate, 2003), so that in planning the development it should focus on the ability to cooperate or synergize between regions (spatial synergism) either in urban and rural area or on a wider scale, cooperation between cities.</p><p>The purpose of this research was to arrange aspects and decision criteria in developing metropolitan area of Solo Raya. The method used is literature study approach which is then analyzed descriptively.</p><p>The result of analysis showed that in metropolitan area of the world there are 4 (four) main characteristics and problems, they are: (1) city as center of population, economy and government activity, (2) city with environmental problems (air, land and water), as a result of population density, public transportation, and garbage, (3) city with problems in the land aspect (land prices and housing provision) and (4) city with problems on social aspects (criminals and terrorists). The formulation of metropolitan area development planning is done with 3 (three) considerations, they are: (1) avoiding high social segregation between and among regions, (2) creating a balance population mobility and intra and inter-regional services (spirit of togetherness), (3) creating a regional economy (growth, equity and welfare) based on the local potential which has inter-regional connectivity (harmonization). Aspects and criteria are: regional management (spatial planning policy, regional competitiveness, regional marketing, inter-regional cooperation), urbanization (migration, urbanization, agglomeration and conurbation, social integration), economic development (economic growth, employment, economic equalization, urban poverty), regional connectivity (transportation, rural-urban linkage, territorial function), and environment (environmental supporting capacity, disaster risk, environmental degradation, disaster mitigation). The decision priorities include: Industrial City, Service City, City of Tourism and Culture, Trade City, and Agriculture.</p><p> </p>
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Bittner, Beáta. "Examination of the sub-regions in the North Great Plain Region." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 26 (July 16, 2007): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/26/3071.
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Before Hungary joined the European Union – in order to gain access to the sources of Structural Funds and to create the expected regional information service – a build up of five-level territorial system was indispensable. Both in the EU and in Hungary, there are significant differences among regions. The aim of regional policy is to reduce differences regarding development and living standards, in order to guarantee a reasonable living standard and income for every region’s inhabitants in the EU.In Hungary, during the last decade, the effects of regional difference grew. While the advantage of the leading capital and its agglomeration and the eastern and western parts of Transdanubia was growing, meanwhile the most undeveloped areas' rates of development remained under the mean. The underdeveloped areas are in the northeastern part and in Southern Transdanubia. The developmental differences lead to such great social asymmetries, that these simply beg for remedying.In this study, I would like to present the sub-regions of the North Great Plain Region and uncover the possible reasons of the developmental differences.