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1
Lau, Pik Lik Billy. "Interdependence between agents in multi agent systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/439.
Full textAbstract:
Interdependence relationships have defined the foundation of cooperation between agents but limited by existing protocols. As a consequence, the idle agents are not able to join and benefit through it. First, the inter-relationship has been studied and certified for the purpose of securing mutual gains. Next, the join coalition mechanism is proposed to help idle agents to join existing macroscopic and microscopic coalitions which are based on the goals compatibilities, budget and trust
2
Dinu, Razvan. "Web Agents : towards online hybrid multi-agent systems." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20126/document.
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Multi-agent systems have been used in a wide range of applications from computer-based simulations and mobile robots to agent-oriented programming and intelligent systems in real environments. However, the largest environment in which software agents can interact is, without any doubt, the World Wide Web and ever since its birth agents have been used in various applications such as search engines, e-commerce, and most recently the semantic web. However, agents have yet to be used on the Web in a way that leverages the full power of artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems, which have the potential of making life much easier for humans. This thesis investigates how this can be changed, and how agents can be brought to the core of the online experience in the sense that we want people to talk and interact with agents instead of "just using yet another application or website". We analyze what makes it hard to develop intelligent agents on the web and we propose a web agent model (WAM) inspired by recent results in multi-agent systems. Nowadays, a simple conceptual model is the key for widespread adoption of new technologies and this is why we have chosen the MASQ meta-model as the basis for our approach, which provides the best compromise in terms of simplicity of concepts, generality and applicability to the web. Since until now the model was introduced only in an informal way, we also provide a clear formalization of the MASQ meta-model.Next, we identify the three main challenges that need to be addressed when building web agents: integration of bodies, web semantics and user friendliness. We focus our attention on the first two and we propose a set of principles to guide the development of what we call strong web agents. Finally, we validate our proposal through the implementation of an award winning platform called Kleenk. Our work is just a step towards fulfilling the vision of having intelligent web agents mediate the interaction with the increasingly complex World Wide WebMulti-agent systems have been used in a wide range of applications from computer-based simulations and mobile robots to agent-oriented programming and intelligent systems in real environments. However, the largest environment in which software agents can interact is, without any doubt, the World Wide Web and ever since its birth agents have been used in various applications such as search engines, e-commerce, and most recently the semantic web. However, agents have yet to be used on the Web in a way that leverages the full power of artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems, which have the potential of making life much easier for humans. This thesis investigates how this can be changed, and how agents can be brought to the core of the online experience in the sense that we want people to talk and interact with agents instead of "just using yet another application or website". We analyze what makes it hard to develop intelligent agents on the web and we propose a web agent model (WAM) inspired by recent results in multi-agent systems. Nowadays, a simple conceptual model is the key for widespread adoption of new technologies and this is why we have chosen the MASQ meta-model as the basis for our approach, which provides the best compromise in terms of simplicity of concepts, generality and applicability to the web. Since until now the model was introduced only in an informal way, we also provide a clear formalization of the MASQ meta-model.Next, we identify the three main challenges that need to be addressed when building web agents: integration of bodies, web semantics and user friendliness. We focus our attention on the first two and we propose a set of principles to guide the development of what we call strong web agents. Finally, we validate our proposal through the implementation of an award winning platform called Kleenk. Our work is just a step towards fulfilling the vision of having intelligent web agents mediate the interaction with the increasingly complex World Wide Web
3
Doskočilová, Veronika. "Využití agentů v business procesech." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124783.
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This work deals with the possibilities of using agents and multiagent systems in the areas of business process management and business process modeling. The aim of the theoretical part is to describe the theory of artificial agents, to assess the benefits of this approach and to describe current applications of MAS in BPM. In the theoretical part I also describe the issue of management and business process modeling and methodology MMABP. The aim of the analytical part is to summarize the possibilities of using MAS in BPM in the situations where business processes are already described and modeled and in the situations where there are no such descripctions nor models yet . In this part I also want to introduce my theory of agent-process, which is the possibility of looking at processes as autonomous agents. This theory is presented in practical demonstrations and examples by using the TROPOS methodology, and this theory is supported by references from the areas of agent and business process modeling.
4
Harder, Malte. "Information driven self-organization of agents and agent collectives." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/13907.
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From a visual standpoint it is often easy to point out whether a system is considered to be self-organizing or not, though a quantitative approach would be more helpful. Information theory, as introduced by Shannon, provides the right tools not only quantify self-organization, but also to investigate it in relation to the information processing performed by individual agents within a collective. This thesis sets out to introduce methods to quantify spatial self-organization in collective systems in the continuous domain as a means to investigate morphogenetic processes. In biology, morphogenesis denotes the development of shapes and form, for example embryos, organs or limbs. Here, I will introduce methods to quantitatively investigate shape formation in stochastic particle systems. In living organisms, self-organization, like the development of an embryo, is a guided process, predetermined by the genetic code, but executed in an autonomous decentralized fashion. Information is processed by the individual agents (e.g. cells) engaged in this process. Hence, information theory can be deployed to study such processes and connect self-organization and information processing. The existing concepts of observer based self-organization and relevant information will be used to devise a framework for the investigation of guided spatial self-organization. Furthermore, local information transfer plays an important role for processes of self-organization. In this context, the concept of synergy has been getting a lot attention lately. Synergy is a formalization of the idea that for some systems the whole is more than the sum of its parts and it is assumed that it plays an important role in self-organization, learning and decision making processes. In this thesis, a novel measure of synergy will be introduced, that addresses some of the theoretical problems that earlier approaches posed.
5
Vanzan, Alessio <1993>. "Mobile Agents Rendezvous in Networks Despite a Malicious Agent." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10604.
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The use of mobile agents, i.e., autonomous software entities , finds its
application in many settings such as Network Maintenance, Electronic commerce
and Intelligent search.
Given a network, we have a set of mobile agents that moves from node to node
in order to achieve a common task. Security is an important issue that can
arise in such environment and that has been widely studied in literature.
In particular, it is important to study the problem of having a host or an
agent that hinders or harms the honest agents in their tasks.
In this thesis we consider a scenario in which one of the mobile agents may
behave maliciously and thus act in order to prevent the other agents to complete
their goal. We study the Rendezvous problem,i.e.,
the problem of gathering a set of mobile agents at a single node of a network, starting from a
initial scattered configuration and despite the presence of a Malicious agent, and in particular, we propose a novel solution in the bidirectional hypercube network.
6
d'Inverno, Mark. "Agents, agency and autonomy : a formal computational model." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.586863.
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In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in agents and multi-agent systems in a variety of areas including artificial intelligence, and software engineering. Agent technology, however, is still relatively young, and there is much debate and discussion over many important concepts and the relevant terminology. In particular, in a great deal of agent research, agents themselves are defined in wildly different ways, if at all, and this makes it extremely difficult to be explicit about their nature and functionality. These problems have arisen in part due to the lack of a common structure and language for describing and reasoning about both single agents and multi-agent systems, which might facilitate a rigorous organisation of the field. In response to this, a four-tiered theoretical formal framework for agent systems is proposed, which we use as a base from which to develop a detailed model of agents and their dimensions, the properties required by agents for effective operation, and the social organisation of multi-agent systems. This framework essentially comprises entities, objects, agents and autonomous agents, and specifies the relationships between them to provide a rigorous and detailed analysis of the structures underlying all such systems. Key to the understanding of this work is our overarching concern as computer scientists, of building computational systems. The development of formal theories and systems as proposed above is inadequate if they are irrelevant to the needs of practitioners. While the construction of any theory or model is unavoidably somewhat removed from the realities of software development, we address this concern by ensuring that the tools used are standard software engineering ones that are accessible and support practical development. In illustration of these ideas, and as a demonstration of the validity of the arguments made, we show how the framework and models developed can both provide a theoretical foundation and be applied directly to existing agent systems and theories: in particular, the Contract Net Protocol, AgentS- peak(L) and Social Dependence Networks.
7
Nagi, Khaled [Verfasser]. "Transactional agents : towards a robust multi-agent system / K. Nagi." Berlin, 2001. http://d-nb.info/965521001/34.
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8
Tajer, Jean. "Detection of malicious hosts against agents in Mobile Agent networks." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/detection-of-malicious-hosts-against-agents-in-mobile-agent-networks(beca3871-a989-4137-9a4d-13c88d8893d9).html.
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Over the last decade, networks have become increasingly advanced in terms of size, complexity and the level of heterogeneity, due to increase of number of users, devices and implementation of cloud among big enterprises and developing smart cities. As networks become more complicated, the existing client-server paradigm suffers from problems such as delay, jitter, bad quality of service, insufficient scalability, availability and flexibility. The appearance of mobile agents' technology is getting popular as means for an efficient way to access remote resources on computer networks. Mobile Agent- systems usually benefit from the following: asynchronous execution, dynamic adaptation, fault-tolerance improvement in network latency, protocol encapsulation, reduction in network load and robustness. However, one of the major technical obstacles to a wider acceptance of the mobile agent is security which is the modus operandi to protect the mobile agents against malicious hosts. This work proposes how the Mobile Agents (MA), supported by a new solid models (detection and protection), can present a new way of securing mobile agents against malicious hosts. The work contributes in proposing a new computing model for protection against malicious hosts. This model is based on trust, which is a combination of two kinds of trust: policy enforcement and control and punishment. The originality of this model is the introduction of the concept of setting up an active storage element in the agent space, called as "home away from home", for partial result storage and separation as well as digital signing of the destination of the mobile agent. An efficient flooding detection scheme is developed by integrating the sketch technique with the Divergence Measures (Hellinger Distance, Chi-Square and Power Divergences). This type of integration can be considered unique in comparison with existing solutions over a Mobile Agent network. The sketch data- structure summarizes the mobile agent's process of calls generating into a fixed set of data for developing a probability model. The Divergence Measures techniques, combined with a Mobile Agent traffic, efficiently identifies attacks, by monitoring the distance between current traffic distribution and the estimated distribution, based on history information. Compared to the previous detection system and existing works, the proposed techniques achieve the advantages of higher accuracy and flexibility, to deal with low intensity attacks and the ability to track the period of attack. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed detection model. This work achieves in outperforming the existing detection solutions by tuning the Divergence Measures. An evaluation of the scheme is done via the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC). The work achieves in outperforming the existing detection solutions by tuning the Power Divergence with a value of β=2.2. With this value of β, the detection scheme leads to a very attractive performance in terms of True Positive Rate (100%), False Positive Rate (3.8%) and is capable of detecting low intensity attacks. Moreover, the Power Divergence with β=2.2 presents a better detection accuracy of 98.1% in comparison with Hellinger Distance (60%) and Chi-square (80%). Since the scenarios in consideration in this work can be reasonably related to any type of network, the strength of the proposed model can alternatively be applied to any enterprise network.
9
Huerta, Jose Manuel. "Attitudes of county Extension agents toward agent specialization in Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487846354481973.
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Huerta, Jose M. "Attitudes of county extension agents toward agent specialization in Ohio." Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1202155098.
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O''Hare, Gregory Michael Peter. "Ambient agents." Thesis, Ulster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516517.
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Dahal, Abhinav, and Azal Saheb. "Architectural Agents." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13817.
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In a complex and ever changing software environment, controlling and coordinating asoftware system's architecture and its components have become an almost an impossibletask. It takes a lot of effort from a developer and even then it is not a foolproof plan. In thisMasters thesis, we introduce Architectural Agents. Architectural agents are specializedconfigurable components. They are the key elements that make a software environmentself-adaptive. Should there be any problem in the software, the architectural agents havingmonitored the software architecture can know which component is having the problem andfix it.This thesis aims towards making software self-adaptive by using Architectural Agents.This can be achieved by combining two frameworks namely, Prism-MW and JADE. Eachof these frameworks have their own property that contribute towards achieving the goal ofthe thesis. Prism-MW decomposes a software into separate and easily manageablecomponents. JADE on the other hand, creates agents. Combining these two frameworksmeans using the agents to control the software components. This will make the softwareenvironment self-adaptive.We support our claims and theories by practically proving them.
13
Gálvez-Moretti, Brenda. "Stealth agents." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38603.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007."February 2007."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).
Traditionally, the nature of public space has had either the endorsement of commercial enterprises, or the advocacy of state or religious institutions. In both cases, the apparent power of public appropriation is underlaid by a surrendering of basic civil rights and the stripping of privacy. This thesis seeks to generate a true interface for body and city: public space in [on] the city and its infrastructure of policing where they become a single entity -from publicized private behaviors to privatized public affairs-finding in its ambivalence the opportunity for the emergence of a true public life, hesitant to pledge allegiances to its different publics, and capable of acquiring agency for all of them. Public space that enables uncontrollable events while deploying a new type of surveillance. The operative site of this thesis is the Boston Government Center Plaza, regarded by many as failed public space. The response to its barren convexity is the re-centralization of basic services dispersed throughout the city: a gathering place for mobile units that offer free health, cultural, and communications services. This new public node responds to a much questioned Boston City Hall with unsubtle opposition to achieve a landscape of simultaneous anarchy and safety, and most importantly, the choice of resistance.
by Brenda Gálvez-Moretti.
M.Arch.
14
Pan, Ende. "Searching for Anticancer Agents and Antimalarial Agents from Madagascar." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77260.
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In our continuing search for biologically active natural products from Madagascar as part of an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) program, a total of four antiproliferative extracts were studied, leading to the isolation of twelve novel compounds with antiproliferative activity against the A2780 human ovarian cancer line, and one extract with antimalarial activities was studied, which led to the isolation of five new natural products with antimalarial activities against the Dd2 and HB3 malarial parasites.
The plants and their metabolites are discussed in the following order: one new xanthone and two known guttiferones from Symphonia tanalensis Jum. & H. Perrier (Clusiaceae); four new diphenyl propanes and one new cyclohepta-dibenzofuran skeleton from Bussea sakalava (Fabaceae); four new cardiac glycosides from Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne. (Apocynaceae); two new and four known alkaloids from Ambavia gerrardii (Baill.) Le Thomas (Annonaceae); five new sesquiterpene lactones from Polycline proteiformis Humbert (Asteraceae).
The structures of all compounds were determined by analysis of their mass spectrometric, 1D and 2D NMR, UV and IR spectroscopic and optical rotation data. Other than structure elucidation, this dissertation also involve bioactivity evaluation of all the isolates, synthesis of two interesting alkaloids, as well as a proposal for the possible biosynthetic pathway of the new cyclohepta-dibenzofuran skeleton.Ph. D.
15
VELMOVITSKY, PEDRO ELKIND. "IBOT: AN AGENT-BASED SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK FOR CREATING DOMAIN CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35430@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Chatbots são programas de computador que interagem com usuários utilizando linguagem natural. Desde sua origem, a tecnologia avançou significantemente e aplicações baseadas na nuvem de grandes empresas permitiram que desenvolvedores criassem chatbots inteligentes e eficientes. No entanto, não há muitas abordagens de desenvolvimento aos principais módulos de um chatbot que são flexíveis o suficiente para permitir a criação de chatbots diferentes para cada domínio, mantendo um robusto controle de diálogo na aplicação. Existem trabalhos que tentam desenvolver uma abordagem mais flexível, cada um com suas vantagens e desvantagens. Uma das vantagens mais notáveis é o uso de sistemas multiagentes para distribuir e realizar tarefas feitas por chatbots. Nesse contexto, este trabalho propõe um framework geral e flexível baseado em sistemas multiagentes para construir chatbots em um domínio escolhido pelo desenvolvedor, com controle de diálogo na aplicação. Esta solução usa uma adaptação da abordagem de estado da informação, e agentes de software, para gestão do diálogo. Para validar a arquitetura proposta, um cenário de uso com 4 chatbots de prova de conceito são analisados e discutidos.
Chatbots are computer programs that interact with users using natural language. Since its inception, the technology has advanced greatly and cloud-based platforms from big companies allow developers to create intelligent and efficient chatbots. However, there are not many development approaches to the main modules of a chatbot that are flexible enough to allow the creation of different chatbots for each domain, while maintaining a robust dialogue control in the application. There have been some works that try to develop a more flexible approach, each of them with their own advantages and disadvantages. One of the most notable advantages is the use of multi-agent systems to distribute and perform the tasks performed by the chatbot. In this context, this work proposes a general and flexible architecture based on multi-agent systems for building chatbots in any domain chosen by the developer, with dialogue control in the application. This architecture uses an adaptation of the information state approach, also using software agents, to perform dialogue management. To validate the proposed architecture, an user scenario involving the implementation of 4 proof of concept chatbots is analyzed discussed.
16
Sauvage, Sylvain. "Conception de systèmes multi-agents : un thésaurus de motifs orientés agent." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2042.
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Conception de Systèmes Multi-Agents : un thésaurus de motifs orientés agent. Capitaliser et diffuser l'expérience sur les systèmes multi-agents sont deux mécanismes clefs que le classique développement par méthodes et outils ne permet pas d'intégrer. Notre hypothèse est que, parmi les techniques existantes collectant et formalisant l'expérience, les motifs (patterns) sont la plus apte à rendre compte des concepts agent et à s'adapter aux problèmes variés du développement de SMA. Nous présentons plusieurs motifs orientés agent qui abordent toutes les phases du développement, depuis l'analyse jusqu'à la mise en oeuvre, y compris la reconception (antimotifs). Nos motifs exposent différents niveaux d'abstraction, comme les métamodèles ou les métaphores, très utilisées par le paradigme agent. Nos motifs sont intégrés dans un thésaurus qui révèle leurs liens. Par ce thésaurus et au travers de son utilisation sur un exemple, nous montrons que la technique des motifs permet d'expliciter et de diffuser les concepts agent et qu'elle est une aide pragmatique et ouverte.
17
Dias, St?phane Rodrigues. "Agency via dialogue : a pragmatic, dialogue-based approach to agents." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6589.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
This work addresses human communicative agency. The competence to instantiate a set of communicative procedures is taken as a component of human rationality that meets a key role of regulating our cognitive environment (a set of mental states, centrally assumptions and emotions), in order to maximize practical goals and sociability. The linguistic-inferential approach offered here for such scope of rationality covers two levels: cognitive and practical, treated hierarchically, according to the assumed regulations. We consider that the cognitive apparatus (the inferential, representational and metarepresentational basis), along with the linguistic apparatus (computation plus interpretable expressions), allows us to operate from the most basic levels of linguistic processing to higher levels (where agents consider assumptions about other minds). In the practical domain, we consider that the linguistic and communicative behavior is used by agents to affect mental states and others? courses of action, thus being in the basis of our social cognition. In this scenario, we not only interact with agents, but we also create a social agency via language. We, therefore, consider a communicative agency framework in which acts are performed within a dialogical structure. The general thesis is that communication requires the use of skills that incorporate practical rationality parameters. This regulation would be dependent on a cognitive and practical structure of agency in which human cognition represents three types of agents: individuals, group members and groups (collectives or representatives). Each of these levels presents characteristic features of communicative agency. In all of them, however, there is the possibility of disagreement among agents, cognitive or practical, in dialogue situations. We illustrate this aspect with a scenario of conflict between agents that are supposed to reach a peace agreement. The illustrative analysis focuses on real negotiation dialogues between group members and representatives of the State of Israel and of Palestine. We observe how practical goals of agents of these types regulate their cognitive and dialogical goals. As a result, we present an alternative proposal to the standard scenario of negotiation, or conflict mediation. As a theoretical benefit, ad hoc pragmatic issues (relevance to the individual qua agent, conflicts between agents) are given prominence and effective treatment. As a practical benefit, the model can be applied to the area of conflict mediation, given the downsizing of a biosocial disposition: our cognitive states are particularly affected by stimuli from a class of agents (artists), with potential effect on individual and collective agencies.
Este trabalho tem como tema ag?ncia comunicativa humana. A compet?ncia para instanciar um conjunto de procedimentos comunicativos ? tomada como um componente da racionalidade humana que cumpre a fun??o central de regula??o de nosso ambiente cognitivo (um conjunto de estados mentais, destacadamente suposi??es e emo??es) tendo em vista maximizar metas pr?ticas e sociabilidade. A abordagem lingu?stico-inferencial desse escopo de racionalidade que oferecemos abarca dois n?veis: cognitivo e pr?tico, tratados hierarquicamente em fun??o das regula??es supostas. Primeiramente, consideramos que o aparato cognitivo (base inferencial, representacional e matarrepresentacional), junto com o aparato lingu?stico (computa??o mais express?es interpret?veis), nos permite operar do n?vel mais b?sico de processamento lingu?stico a n?veis mais altos (em que se consideram suposi??es sobre outras mentes). No dom?nio pr?tico, por sua vez, consideramos que o comportamento lingu?stico-comunicativo ? usado por agentes para agir sobre estados mentais e/ou cursos de a??o de outros, estando na base de nossa cogni??o social. Nesse dom?nio, n?o apenas interagimos com agentes como tamb?m criamos uma ag?ncia social via linguagem. Consideramos, assim, um quadro de ag?ncia comunicativa em que atos s?o performados dentro de uma estrutura dial?gica. A tese geral ? a de que a comunica??o exige o uso de habilidades que incorporam par?metros de racionalidade pr?tica. Essa regula??o estaria dependente de uma estrutura cognitiva e pr?tica de ag?ncia, segundo a qual a cogni??o humana representaria agentes de tr?s tipos: indiv?duos, membros de grupos (integrantes) e grupos (agentes coletivos ou representantes). Cada um desses n?veis apresenta tra?os de ag?ncia comunicativa caracter?sticos. Em todos eles, por?m, h? a possibilidade do desacordo, cognitivo ou pr?tico, em situa??es de di?logo. Ilustramos esse quadro com um cen?rio de conflito entre agentes que supostamente visam a chegar a um acordo de paz. A an?lise ilustrativa se foca em di?logos reais de negocia??o entre membros de grupos e representantes do Estado de Israel e da Palestina que est?o encarregados do processo de paz. Observamos como os objetivos pr?ticos de agentes desses tipos regulam seus objetivos cognitivos e dial?gicos. Como consequ?ncia, apresentamos uma proposta alternativa ao cen?rio padr?o de negocia??o, ou media??o de conflito. Como benef?cio te?rico, quest?es pragm?ticas ad hoc (relev?ncia para indiv?duo qua agente, conflitos entre agentes) recebem tratamento e destaque. Como benef?cio pr?tico, o modelo pode ser aplicado na ?rea de media??o de conflitos, dado o redimensionamento de uma disposi??o biossocial: nossos estados cognitivos s?o particularmente afetados por est?mulos de agentes de uma categoria (artistas), com potencial efeito sobre ag?ncias individuais e coletivas.
18
Dias, Stéphane Rodrigues. "Agency via dialogue: a pragmatic, dialogue-based approach to agents." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/8042.
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Previous issue date: 2016This work addresses human communicative agency. The competence to instantiate a set of communicative procedures is taken as a component of human rationality that meets a key role of regulating our cognitive environment (a set of mental states, centrally assumptions and emotions), in order to maximize practical goals and sociability. The linguistic-inferential approach offered here for such scope of rationality covers two levels: cognitive and practical, treated hierarchically, according to the assumed regulations. We consider that the cognitive apparatus (the inferential, representational and metarepresentational basis), along with the linguistic apparatus (computation plus interpretable expressions), allows us to operate from the most basic levels of linguistic processing to higher levels (where agents consider assumptions about other minds). In the practical domain, we consider that the linguistic and communicative behavior is used by agents to affect mental states and others’ courses of action, thus being in the basis of our social cognition. In this scenario, we not only interact with agents, but we also create a social agency via language. We, therefore, consider a communicative agency framework in which acts are performed within a dialogical structure. The general thesis is that communication requires the use of skills that incorporate practical rationality parameters. This regulation would be dependent on a cognitive and practical structure of agency in which human cognition represents three types of agents: individuals, group members and groups (collectives or representatives).Each of these levels presents characteristic features of communicative agency. In all of them, however, there is the possibility of disagreement among agents, cognitive or practical, in dialogue situations. We illustrate this aspect with a scenario of conflict between agents that are supposed to reach a peace agreement. The illustrative analysis focuses on real negotiation dialogues between group members and representatives of the State of Israel and of Palestine. We observe how practical goals of agents of these types regulate their cognitive and dialogical goals. As a result, we present an alternative proposal to the standard scenario of negotiation, or conflict mediation. As a theoretical benefit, ad hoc pragmatic issues (relevance to the individual qua agent, conflicts between agents) are given prominence and effective treatment. As a practical benefit, the model can be applied to the area of conflict mediation, given the downsizing of a biosocial disposition: our cognitive states are particularly affected by stimuli from a class of agents (artists), with potential effect on individual and collective agencies.
Este trabalho tem como tema agência comunicativa humana. A competência para instanciar um conjunto de procedimentos comunicativos é tomada como um componente da racionalidade humana que cumpre a função central de regulação de nosso ambiente cognitivo (um conjunto de estados mentais, destacadamente suposições e emoções) tendo em vista maximizar metas práticas e sociabilidade. A abordagem linguístico-inferencial desse escopo de racionalidade que oferecemos abarca dois níveis: cognitivo e prático, tratados hierarquicamente em função das regulações supostas. Primeiramente, consideramos que o aparato cognitivo (base inferencial, representacional e matarrepresentacional), junto com o aparato linguístico (computação mais expressões interpretáveis), nos permite operar do nível mais básico de processamento linguístico a níveis mais altos (em que se consideram suposições sobre outras mentes). No domínio prático, por sua vez, consideramos que o comportamento linguístico-comunicativo é usado por agentes para agir sobre estados mentais e/ou cursos de ação de outros, estando na base de nossa cognição social. Nesse domínio, não apenas interagimos com agentes como também criamos uma agência social via linguagem. Consideramos, assim, um quadro de agência comunicativa em que atos são performados dentro de uma estrutura dialógica. A tese geral é a de que a comunicação exige o uso de habilidades que incorporam parâmetros de racionalidade prática. Essa regulação estaria dependente de uma estrutura cognitiva e prática de agência, segundo a qual a cognição humana representaria agentes de três tipos: indivíduos, membros de grupos (integrantes) e grupos (agentes coletivos ou representantes).Cada um desses níveis apresenta traços de agência comunicativa característicos. Em todos eles, porém, há a possibilidade do desacordo, cognitivo ou prático, em situações de diálogo. Ilustramos esse quadro com um cenário de conflito entre agentes que supostamente visam a chegar a um acordo de paz. A análise ilustrativa se foca em diálogos reais de negociação entre membros de grupos e representantes do Estado de Israel e da Palestina que estão encarregados do processo de paz. Observamos como os objetivos práticos de agentes desses tipos regulam seus objetivos cognitivos e dialógicos. Como consequência, apresentamos uma proposta alternativa ao cenário padrão de negociação, ou mediação de conflito. Como benefício teórico, questões pragmáticas ad hoc (relevância para indivíduo qua agente, conflitos entre agentes) recebem tratamento e destaque. Como benefício prático, o modelo pode ser aplicado na área de mediação de conflitos, dado o redimensionamento de uma disposição biossocial: nossos estados cognitivos são particularmente afetados por estímulos de agentes de uma categoria (artistas), com potencial efeito sobre agências individuais e coletivas.
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Goutet, Sylvain. "Conception d'une architecture multi-agents supportant des agents mobiles intelligents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65577.pdf.
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Allée, Guillaume. "Sécurite des agents mobiles, protocole d'enregistrement d'itinéraire par agents coopérants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65555.pdf.
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Abbehausen, Camilla 1979. "Desenvolvimento de compostos de coordenação com atividades antibacterianas e antitumorais, e interações com biomoléculas." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249128.
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Orientadores: Pedro Paulo Corbi, André Luiz Barboza FormigaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Complexos metálicos inéditos de paládio, platina, ouro e prata com diferentes classes de ligantes foram desenvolvidos. Dentre os ligantes selecionados estão a L-aliina (ali) e a N-acetil-L-cisteína (nac) que compreendem a classe dos aminoácidos, a 2-mercaptotiazolina (mtz), dentro da classe das tiazolidinas, a sulfadoxina (sfx), representante da classe das sulfonamidas, e ligantes N-heterociclos, piridino derivados com diferentes valores de pKa. Complexos de Pd(II) com L-aliina ([Pd(C6H11NO3S)2]), Ag(I) com N-acetil-L-cisteína ([Ag(C5H9NO3S)]), Ag(I) com sulfadoxina ([Ag(C12H13N4O4S)]), Au(I) com 2-mercaptotiazolina ([Au(CN)(C3H5NS2)]) e uma série de complexos trifenilfosfinoouro(I) com ligantes N-heterociclos ([Au(PPh3)L]+) foram sintetizados e caracterizados por um conjunto de análises químicas e espectroscópicas. Estudos in vitro das sua atividades antibacterianas e antitumorais foram também reali-zados. Atividades antibacterianas e antitumorais significativas foram encontradas para o complexo de Pd(II) com ali e o DNA se mostrou um alvo provável. O complexo Au(I) com mtz apresentou atividade antitumoral e antibacteriana bastante expressiva e uma investigação preliminar de seus mecanismos de ação também demonstrou que o DNA não parece ser o alvo destes compostos nas células. Os complexos de Ag(I) com nac e sfx apresentaram atividades antibacterianas significativas sobre cepas Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas. Os ligantes N-heterociclos 4-picolina (pic), 2-amino-4-picolina (NH2pic) e dimetilaminopriridina (DMAP) possuem valores de pKa crescentes, e foram selecionados para investigar o efeito do pKa na atividade biológica de complexos trife-nilfosfinoouro(I) do tipo [Au(PPh3)L]+, onde L = N-heterocíclico. Esta investigação foi realizada por avaliações in vitro de suas atividades antitumorais, além de estudos do acúmulo celular, do bloqueio do ciclo celular e por interações com biomoléculas como o DNA e proteínas dedos de zinco (zinc fingers, ZF). A atividade antitumoral foi expressiva e os estudos de suas interações com os ZF mostraram que a inibição pode ser modulada com a variação do tipo de proteína e do ligante N-heterociclo selecionado
Abstract: Novel palladium, platinum, gold and silver complexes with different classes of ligands were designed. The selected ligands were L-alliin (ali) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (nac) which are aminoacids, 2-mercaptothiazoline (mtz), which belongs to the class of thiazolidines, sulfadoxine that represents the class of sulfonamides and N-heterocyclic pyridine derivatives, with different values of pKa. Complexes of Pd(II) with L-alliin ([Pd(C6H11NO3S)2]), Ag(I) with N-acetyl-L-cysteine ([Ag(C5H9NO3S)]), Ag(I) with sulfa-doxine ([Ag(C12H13N4O4S)]), Au(I) with 2-mercaptotiazoline [(Au(CN)(C3H5NS2)]) and a series of complexes of triphenylphosphinegold(I) with N-heterocyclic ligands ([Au(PPh3)L]+) were synthesized and characterized by a set of chemical and spectroscopic analyses. Antibacterial and antitumor activities in vitro were also studied. Significant antibacterial and antitumor activities were found for Pd(II) with ali, and the DNA is the probable biological target. The Au(I) with mtz complex presented noteworthy antitumor and antibacterial activities, and preliminary investigations of its biological mechanism showed that, the DNA is probable not a target of this complex in the cells. The silver complexes with nac and sfx presented significant antibacterial activities. The series of N-heterocyclic ligands 4-picoline (pic), 2-amino-4-picoline (NH2pic) and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) shows crescent pKa values and they were selected to investigate the pKa effect in the biological activity of the complexes triphenylphosphinegold(I) [Au(PPh3)L]+, which L = N-heterocyclic. This investigation was performed by evaluation of its antitumor activities in vitro, and also by studies of cell uptake, cell cycle arrest and by interactions with biomolecules as DNA and zinc finger proteins (ZF). The antitumor activity was expressive and the studies with ZF showed that the inhibition is dependent of the kind of protein and of the N-heterocyclic ligand
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutora em Ciências
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Peña, de Carrillo Clara Inés. "Intelligent agents to improve adaptivity in a web-based learning environment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7725.
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En esta tesis se propone el uso de agentes inteligentes en entornos de aprendizaje en línea con el fin de mejorar la asistencia y motivación del estudiante a través de contenidos personalizados que tienen en cuenta el estilo de aprendizaje del estudiante y su nivel de conocimiento. Los agentes propuestos se desempeñan como asistentes personales que ayudan al estudiante a llevar a cabo las actividades de aprendizaje midiendo su progreso y motivación. El entorno de agentes se construye a través de una arquitectura multiagente llamada MASPLANG diseñada para dar soporte adaptativo (presentación y navegación adaptativa) a un sistema hipermedia educativo desarrollado en la Universitat de Girona para impartir educación virtual a través del web.
Un aspecto importante de esta propuesta es la habilidad de construir un modelo de estudiante híbrido que comienza con un modelo estereotípico del estudiante basado en estilos de aprendizaje y se modifica gradualmente a medida que el estudiante interactúa con el sistema (gustos subjetivos).
Dentro del contexto de esta tesis, el aprendizaje se define como el proceso interno que, bajo factores de cambio resulta en la adquisición de la representación interna de un conocimiento o de una actitud. Este proceso interno no se puede medir directamente sino a través de demostraciones observables externas que constituyen el comportamiento relacionado con el objeto de conocimiento. Finalmente, este cambio es el resultado de la experiencia o entrenamiento y tiene una durabilidad que depende de factores como la motivación y el compromiso.
El MASPLANG está compuesto por dos niveles de agentes: los intermediarios llamados IA (agentes de información) que están en el nivel inferior y los de Interfaz llamados PDA (agentes asistentes) que están en el nivel superior. Los agentes asistentes atienden a los estudiantes cuando trabajan con el material didáctico de un curso o una lección de aprendizaje. Esta asistencia consiste en la recolección y análisis de las acciones de los estudiantes para ofrecer contenidos personalizados y en la motivación del estudiante durante el aprendizaje mediante el ofrecimiento de contenidos de retroalimentación, ejercicios adaptados al nivel de conocimiento y mensajes, a través de interfaces de usuario animadas y atractivas. Los agentes de información se encargan del mantenimiento de los modelos pedagógico y del dominio y son los que están en completa interacción con las bases de datos del sistema (compendio de actividades del estudiante y modelo del dominio).
El escenario de funcionamiento del MASPLANG está definido por el tipo de usuarios y el tipo de contenidos que ofrece. Como su entorno es un sistema hipermedia educativo, los usuarios se clasifican en profesores quienes definen y preparan los contenidos para el aprendizaje adaptativo, y los estudiantes quienes llevan a cabo las actividades de aprendizaje de forma personalizada. El perfil de aprendizaje inicial del estudiante se captura a través de la evaluación del cuestionario ILS (herramienta de diagnóstico del modelo FSLSM de estilos de aprendizaje adoptado para este estudio) que se asigna al estudiante en su primera interacción con el sistema. Este cuestionario consiste en un conjunto de preguntas de naturaleza sicológica cuyo objetivo es determinar los deseos, hábitos y reacciones del estudiante que orientarán la personalización de los contenidos y del entorno de aprendizaje. El modelo del estudiante se construye entonces teniendo en cuenta este perfil de aprendizaje y el nivel de conocimiento obtenido mediante el análisis de las acciones del estudiante en el entorno.
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Estgren, Martin. "Lightweight User Agents." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Artificiell intelligens och integrerad datorsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129909.
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The unit for information security and IT architecture at The Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) conducts work with a cyber range called CRATE (Cyber Range and Training Environment). Currently, simulation of user activity involves scripts inside the simulated network. This solution is not ideal because of the traces it leaves in the system and the general lack of standardised GUI API between different operating systems. FOI are interested in testing the use of artificial user agent located outside the virtual environment using computer vision and the virtualisation API to execute actions and extract information from the system. This paper focuses on analysing the reliability of template matching, a computer vision algorithm used to localise objects in images using already identified images of said object as templates. The analysis will evaluate both the reliability of localising objects and the algorithms ability to correctly identify if an object is present in the virtual environment. Analysis of template matching is performed by first creating a prototype of the agent's sensory system and then simulate scenarios which the agent might encounter. By simulating the environment, testing parameters can be manipulated and monitored in a reliable way. The parameters manipulated involves both the amount and type of image noise in the template and screenshot, the agent’s discrimination threshold for what constitutes a positive match, and information about the template such as template generality. This paper presents the performance and reliability of the agent in regards to what type of image noise affects the result, the amount of correctly identified objects given different discrimination thresholds, and computational time of template matching when different image filters are applied. Furthermore the best cases for each study are presented as comparison for the other results. In the end of the thesis we present how for screenshots with objects very similar to the templates used by the agent, template matching can result in a high degree of accuracy in both object localization and object identification and that a small reduction of similarity between template and screenshot to reduce the agent's ability to reliably identifying specific objects in the environment.
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Voinitchi, Andrada Ana Maria. "Disrupting agents' plans." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/disrupting-agents-plans(4557281f-cf70-4dae-a0c2-eab860dae463).html.
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In order for an agent or a group of agents to achieve a goal, there is a sequence of actions that need to be taken. This sequence of actions constitutes a plan. In some occasions multiple plans that can be used to achieve the goal may exist. It may be the case that one wants to prevent an agent or group of agents from achieving a particular goal; currently, there is little research addressing this issue. Such research is valuable when preventing malicious agents or groups of agents such as bot nets from perpetrating destructive behavior. In this thesis, we tackle the disruption of single agents and groups of agents by proposing a way to disrupt their plans to achieve goals. We describe a model of all possible plans that achieve the goal we wish to prevent, we provide algorithms that identify which parts of the plans should be disrupted in order to prevent achievement of the goal and, we also provide a way of disrupting these parts using norms. The focus of this thesis is summarized as follows. 1. Identify which parts of plans should be sabotaged in order to prevent achievement of a goal by some set of agents. In order to address this, we provide: (a) a model that allows the representation of all possible plans that can be used to achieve a particular goal, (b) a metric to measure disruption of plans and (c) algorithms that identify which parts of plans should be disrupted in order to prevent achievement of some goal. 2. Identify which parts of plans should be sabotaged in order to prevent achievement of a particular goal by some set of agents, with as little impact as possible on other agents that are not part of the set (these agents are called external agents). In order to address this, we provide: (a) an extension to the model from 1(a) to allow the representation of external agents' plans, (b) a metric to measure disruption of external agents' plans and (c) algorithms that identify parts of plans to be disrupted in order to render the desired goal unachievable while causing as little disruption to external agents' plans as possible. 3. Investigate the use of norms as a means to disrupt parts of plans using: (a) a model of agents that can keep track of norms and their plans to achieve a goal and (b) an algorithm to derive norms that disrupt the parts of their plans identified by the algorithms from 1(c) and 2(c) and so ensure that the goal cannot be achieved in specific situations. We conclude with a summary of how disruption of agents' plans has been approached, high- lighting questions that remain open for further research.
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Hammam, Yasser, and n/a. "Geographical vector agents." University of Otago. Department of Information Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080404.150839.
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Simulating geographic phenomena in a realistic and plausible way requires real-world entities to be abstracted based on the dynamic physical characteristics they exhibit, and treated as individuals in a simulation domain. These processes cannot be adequately supported by the traditional spatial model based on cellular-space such as Cellular Automata (CA). Although this approach has received a great attention as a most favoured technique for simulating the geographic phenomena from different aspects, the need for a generic spatial model to overcome the limitations encountered in such an approach has been raised. This applies particularly to the way real-world entities are represented in a simulation domain regarding their physical characteristics and temporal aspects.
In this thesis, a new computational approach for a spatial model suitable for simulating geographic phenomena is presented: the vector agents model. The vector agent is goal-oriented, adaptable, physically defined by an Euclidean geometry and able to change its own geometric characteristics while interacting with other agents in its neighbourhood using a set of rules. The agent is modelled with sensor, state, and strategies. The successful implementation of the model�s architecture allows the representation of the physical characteristics of real-world entities and to observe their complex and dynamic behaviour in a simulation domain. Vector agents have developed out of a need to create a systematic basis for the geometric components of Geographic Automata Systems (GAS), as outlined by Torrens and Benenson (2005).
A generic vector agents model was built, then tested and validated from different aspects, from which results demonstrated the model�s efficiency. It is confirmed that vector agents are flexible in producing different complex shapes and patterns for recreating real geographic phenomena through the generic use of three algorithms of geometric manipulation: midpoint displacement by using the relaxed Brownian Motion (fractal-like) algorithm, edge displacement and vertex displacement. The effectiveness of this was initially ascertained visually. A simple heuristic to govern shape growth rate and complexity was derived based on the interplay of the three algorithms. There was a further abstract model comparison against the cellular-agents environment, with the result that vector agents have the ability to emerge patterns similar to what can be produced by cellular-agents with the advantage of representing entities as individuals with their own attributes with realistic geometric boundaries. On the other hand, the city as a complex geographic phenomenon was used as a specific domain for validating the model with a real-world system. The results of the urban land use simulations (driven by simple rules based on three classical urban theories) confirmed that: (a) the model is flexible enough to incorporate various external rules based on real-world systems and (b) the model has a sufficient capability in emerging a variety of patterns under several environments close to actual patterns. The agent environment also proved to be an effective way of easily combining the rules associated with each urban theory (different agents behaved according to different theories). Finally, limitations raised through the development of this work are addressed leading to outline possible extensions of both model computation and the domain of applications.
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Tran, Linh N. "Synthesizing Antifungal Agents." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TranLN2007.pdf.
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Mousavi, Badrbani Seyed Rasoul. "Teleo-reactive agents." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439512.
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Reise, Justine Anne. "Endogenous hypotensive agents." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246975.
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Ferreira, Nivea de Carvalho. "Programming uncertain agents." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433730.
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Hirsch, Benjamin. "Programming rational agents." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415743.
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Hudnott, Anna Ruth. "Bioreductive anticancer agents." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302640.
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LEFEVRE, CLAIRE. "Agents logiques communicants." Caen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CAEN2006.
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Nous proposons un modele de systemes multi-agents, base sur la logique, dont les objectifs sont a la fois de nous fournir un modele d'implementation, un outil theorique d'analyse pour l'intelligence artificielle distribuee, et un support pour l'etude de phenomenes linguistiques concernant en particulier les modalites epistemiques. Nous presentons et analysons d'abord les approches classiques de la connaissance en logique (approches modales et syntaxiques) et montrons qu'elles sont peu satisfaisantes en vue de nos objectifs: omniscience logique, manque de plausibilite cognitive, traitement de la reference, absence de modeles de communication nous proposons alors un modele d'agents logiques communicants utilisant le cadre du lambda-calcul type de church. Les agents sont des processus lambda-prolog heterogenes, ayant chacun un langage de representation de connaissances et des capacites de raisonnement et de calcul qui lui sont specifiques. Ils communiquent par envoi de messages qui sont des expressions d'un langage logique dont la syntaxe est reconnue par tous les agents, mais que chacun interprete localement. Les croyances d'un agent sont caracterisees par ses capacites cognitives, specifiees par ses capacites a deriver et justifier des jugements, et representees dans les langages internes par la notion de preuve. Ce cadre permet de rendre compte de diverses formes de croyance et savoir. Le probleme d'opacite referentielle recoit par ailleurs une solution naturelle grace a l'integration de la semantique du langage de communication et des questions de reference parmi les connaissances et capacites des agents. Enfin, on montre comment definir une semantique extensionnelle pour les langages des agents (basee sur les modeles generaux de andrews) en evitant les difficultes rencontrees par les modeles modaux et syntaxiques
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Knottenbelt, John Alfred. "Contract related agents." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7751.
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Denys, Krystel. "Les agents dépigmentants." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU32105.
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Abele, Gunnar. "Anti varicella-zoster activity of 2HM-HBG, a new acyclic guanosin analog." Stockholm : Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19412466.html.
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Bahar, Shanjani Mina. "A Multi-Agent System with Negotiation Agents for E-Trading of Securities." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188172.
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The financial markets have been started to get decentralized and even distributed. Consumers can now purchase stocks from their home computers without the use of a traditional broker. The dynamism and unpredictability of this domain which is continuously growing in complexity and also the giant volume of information which can affect this market, makes it one of the best potential domains to take advantage of agents. This thesis considers the main concerns of securities e-trading area in order to highlight advantages and disadvantages of multi-agent negotiating systems for online trading of securities comparing to single-agent systems. And then presents a multi-agent system design named MASTNA which considers both decision making and negotiating. The design seeks to improve the main concerns of securities e-trading such as speed, accuracy and handling complexities. MASTNA works over a distributed market and engages different types of agents in order to perform different tasks. For handling the negotiations MASTNA takes advantage of mobile negotiator agents with the purpose of handling parallel negotiations over an unreliable network (Internet).
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Masad, David P. "Agents in Conflict| Comparative Agent-Based Modeling of International Crises and Conflicts." Thesis, George Mason University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10131444.
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Inter-state conflicts are a key area of study in international relations, and have been approached with a variety of techniques, from case studies of individual conflicts, to formal analysis of abstract models and statistical investigations of all such conflicts. In particular, there are a variety of theories as to how states make decisions in the face of conflicts – such as when to threaten force, when to follow through, and when to capitulate to an opponent’s demand. Some scholars have argued that states may be viewed as rational decisionmakers, while others emphasize the role of psychological biases affecting individual leaders. Decisionmaking is challenging to study in part because of its complexity: the decisionmakers may not just be individuals but organizations, following internal procedures and reflecting institutional memory. Furthermore, the decisions are often believed to be strategic, reflecting the decisionmakers’ anticipation of multiple other actors’ potential responses to each possible decision.
In this dissertation, I demonstrate that agent-based models (ABMs) provide a powerful tool to address this complexity, and advance their use as a bridge between different methodologies. Agents in ABMs can be used to represent countries and endowed with a variety of internal decisionmaking models which can operationalize a variety of theories drawn from case studies, psychological experiments or game-theoretic analysis. The specific decision model agents utilize may be changed without altering the sub-models governing how the agents interact with one another. This allows us to simulate the same overall interactions utilizing different decisionmaking theories and observe how the outcomes differ. Furthermore, if these interactions correspond to real-world events, we may directly see how much explanatory or predictive power the outputs of the model variants provide. If one variant’s outputs correspond closer to the empirical data, it provides evidence supporting that variant’s underlying theory.
I implement two agent-based models, extending well-established prior models of international conflict: the International Interaction Game (Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman, 1992) and the Expected Utility Model (Bueno de Mesquita, 2002). For each, I start with their original agent decisionmaking models, and develop several variants grounded in relevant theories. I then instantiate the models with historic, empirically-derived data and run them forward to generate sets of simulated outcomes, which I compare to empirical data on the relevant time periods. I find that non-rational models of decisionmaking in the International Interaction Game provide similar explanatory power to the purely rational model, and yield rich satisficing behavior absent in the original model. I also find that the Expected Utility Model variant implementing a Schelling (1966)-inspired model of coercion yields richer dynamics and greater explanatory power than the original model.
In addition to providing evidence in support of particular theories and hypotheses, this work demonstrates the power of the comparative modeling methodology in studying international conflict. Future work will involve adding more statistical controls to the model output analysis, comparative analysis between the outputs of the two overall models, and extension of the decisionmaking models for each. The same methodology may also be expanded to other formal and computational models of international relations, and social science more broadly.
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Rodrigues, Tabajara Krausburg. "Constrained coalition formation among heterogeneous agents for the multi-agent programming contest." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8102.
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Esta disserta??o apresenta um estudo sobre forma??o de coaliz?es entre agentes heterog?neos para a competi??o de programa??o multiagente de 2017. Foi investigado e aplicado a forma??o de estruturas de coaliz?es entre agentes para resolver problemas log?sticos simulados sobre o mapa de uma cidade real. A fim de atingir o objetivo deste trabalho, foram integrados algoritmos formadores de coaliz?es na plataforma JaCaMo por meio de um artefato CArtAgO chamado CFArtefact. Foi utilizada a implementa??o provida pelo time SMART-JaCaMo (time participante da competi??o multiagente), para experimentar a forma??o de coaliz?es na competi??o. Tr?s abordagens foram avaliadas no dom?nio da competi??o em diferentes configura??es. A primeira abordagem utiliza somente aloca??o de tarefas para resolver o problema. A segunda e a terceira abordagem utilizam a t?cnica de forma??o de coaliz?es anteriormente ? aloca??o de tarefas; dentre estas abordagens, uma utiliza um algor?timo ?timo para resolver o problema e a outra um heur?stico. As an?lises dos experimentos realizados mostram que algor?timos formadores de coaliz?es podem melhorar a performance do time participante da competi??o quando a taxa de trabalhos gerados pelo simulador ? baixa. Entretanto, conforme a taxa de trabalhos aumenta, a abordagem que realiza somente aloca??o de tarefas obt?m um desempenho melhor quando comparada as demais. Mesmo a abordagem heur?stica tem desempenho pr?ximo ? abordagem ?tima para coaliz?es. Desta forma, ? poss?vel concluir que forma??o de coaliz?es possui grande valia para balancear os agentes para um conjunto de trabalhos que precisa ser completado.
This work focuses on coalition formation among heterogeneous agents for the 2017 multiagent programming contest. An agent is a computer system that is capable of independent action to achieve its goals. In order to increase the effectiveness of the agents, we can organise them into coalitions, in which the agents collaborate with each other to achieve individual or common goals. We investigate and apply coalition structure generation (the first activity of the coalition formation process) in simulated scenarios, specifically the 2017 contest scenario, where the agents forming a competing team cooperate to solve logistic problems simulated on the map of a real city. In order to achieve our goal, we integrate coalition formation algorithms into the JaCaMo platform by means of a CArtAgO artefact, named CFArtefact. We use the implementation of the SMART JaCaMo team for experimenting with the coalition formation approach in the contest scenario. We experiment on three approaches in the contest domain with different configurations. In the first, we use only a taskallocation mechanism, while the other approaches use an optimal coalition formation algorithm and a heuristic coalition formation algorithm. We conducted several experiments to compare the advantages of each approach. Our results show that coalition formation algorithms can improve the performance of a participating team when dealing with low job rates (i.e., how quickly new jobs are created by the simulation). However, as we increase the job rate, the approach using only task allocation has better performance. Even a heuristic coalition formation approach has close performance to the optimal one in that case. Coalition formation can play an important role when we aim to balance each group of agents to accomplish some particular goal given a larger team of cooperating agents.
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Nawwab, Fahd Saud. "Agents with a human touch : modeling of human rationality in agent systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1363/.
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Will it be possible to create a self-aware and reasoning entity that has the capacity for decision making similar to that we ascribe to human beings? Modern agent systems, although used today in various applications wherever intelligence is required, are not ready for applications where human rationalities are usually the only option in making important decisions in critical or sensitive situations. This thesis is a contribution to this area: a decision-making methodology is introduced to address the different characteristics that an agent should have in order to be better trusted with such critical decisions. The work begins with a study of philosophy in the literature (Chapter 2), which reveals that trust is based on emotions and faith in performance. The study concludes that a trustworthy decision has five main elements: it considers options and their likely effects; it predicts how the environment and other agents will react to decisions; it accounts for short- and long-term goals through planning; it accounts for uncertainties and working with incomplete information; and, finally, it considers emotional factors and their effects. The first four elements address decision making as a product of "beliefs"; the last addresses it as a product of "emotions". A complete discussion of these elements is provided in Section 2.1. This thesis is divided into two main parts: the first treats trust as a product of beliefs and the second treats trust as a product of emotions. The first part builds the decision-making methodology based on argumentation through a five-step approach where first the problem situation representing the actions available to the agent and their likely consequences is formulated. Next, arguments to perform these actions are constructed by instantiating an argumentation scheme designed to justify actions in terms of the values and goals they promote. These arguments are then subjected to a series of critical questions to identify possible counter arguments so that all the options and their weaknesses have been identified. Preferences are accommodated by organising the resulting arguments into an Argumentation Framework (we use Value-Based Argumentation [VAF] for this approach). Arguments acceptable to the agents will be identified through the ranking of the agent's values, which may differ from agent to agent. In the second part (Chapters 5 and 6), this methodology is extended to account for emotions. Emotions are generated based on whether other agents relevant to the situation support or frustrate the agent's goals and values; the emotional attitude toward the other agents then influences the ranking of the agent's values and, hence, influences the decision. In Chapters 4 and 6, the methodology is illustrated through an example study. This example has been implemented and tested on a software program. The experimental data and some screen shots are also given in the appendix.
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TALAMINI, JACOPO. "Artificial Intelligence Strategies in Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning and Robotic Agents Evolution." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2982151.
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Most of the theoretical foundations which have contributed to shape Artificial Intelligence (AI) as we know it come from the last century.
The technological advancement of the last decades however, mainly in the form of faster parallel computation, larger memory units, and Big Data, has dramatically increased the popularity of AI within the research community.
Far from being only a pure object of research, AI has been successful in many fields of applications, and it has become deeply integrated into our daily experiences.
We live in a society in which on-demand content suggestions are tailored for each customer, where it is possible to order products online by chatting with bots.
Smart devices adapts to the owner behavior, the stock exchange brokers are algorithm based on predictive models, and the computers are able to discover new medicines and new materials.
Despite the amount of knowledge acquired on AI, there are still many aspects of it that we do not fully understand, such as the interplays within multiple autonomous agents scenarios, in which AIs learn and interact in a shared environment, while possibly being subjected to different goals.
In these scenarios the communication and the regulation of the autonomous agents are both extremely relevant aspects.
In this work we analyze in which way the language expressiveness affect how agents learn to communicate, to which extent the learned communication is affected by the scenario, and how to allow them to learn the optimal one.
We then investigate which communication strategies might be developed in different scenarios when driven by the individual goal, which might lead to improved equality in a cooperative scenario, or more inequality in a competitive one.
Another aspect that we consider is the ethics of multiple agents, to which we contribute by proposing a way to discourage unethical behaviors without disabling them, but instead enforcing a set of flexible rules to guide the agents learning.
AI success can be determined by its ability to adapt, which is an aspect that we consider in this work, relatively to the adaptation of autonomous soft robotic agents.
Soft robots are a new generation of nature-inspired robots more versatile and adaptable than the ones made of rigid joints, but the design and the control of soft robots can not be easily done manually.
To this extent we investigate the possibility of mimicking the evolution of biological beings, by adopting evolutionary meta-heuristics for optimizing these robots.
Specifically we propose to evolve a control algorithm that leverages the body complexity inherent to the soft robots through sensory data collected from the environment.
Considering the problem of designing adaptable soft robots, we propose an approach that allows to automatically synthesize robotic agents for solving different tasks, without needing to know them in advance.
Agent-based scenarios are powerful research tools that can be adopted also for approximating the behavior of biological actors.
Based on this possibility, we propose a model for the assessment of the publishing system indicators, which are currently used to evaluate authors and journals.
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Oller, Pujol Albert. "Disseny d'agents físics: inclusió de capacitats específiques per a l'avaluació de l'eficiència d'accions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7723.
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L'experiència de l'autor en la temàtica d'agents intel·ligents i la seva aplicació als robots que emulen el joc de futbol han donat el bagatge suficient per poder encetar i proposar la temàtica plantejada en aquesta tesi: com fer que un complicat robot pugui treure el màxim suc de l'autoconeixement de l'estructura de control inclosa al seu propi cos físic, i així poder cooperar millor amb d'altres agents per optimitzar el rendiment a l'hora de resoldre problemes de cooperació. Per resoldre aquesta qüestió es proposa incorporar la dinàmica del cos físic en les decisions cooperatives dels agents físics unificant els móns de l'automàtica, la robòtica i la intel·ligència artificial a través de la noció de capacitat: la capacitat vista com a entitat on els enginyers de control dipositen el seu coneixement, i a la vegada la capacitat vista com la utilitat on un agent hi diposita el seu autoconeixement del seu cos físic que ha obtingut per introspecció.
En aquesta tesi es presenta l'arquitectura DPAA que s'organitza seguint una jerarquia vertical en tres nivells d'abstracció o mòduls control, supervisor i agent, els quals presenten una estructura interna homogènia que facilita les tasques de disseny de l'agent. Aquests mòduls disposen d'un conjunt específic de capacitats que els permeten avaluar com seran les accions que s'executaran en un futur. En concret, al mòdul de control (baix nivell d'abstracció) les capacitats consisteixen en paràmetres que descriuen el comportament dinàmic i estàtic que resulta d'executar un controlador determinat, és a dir, encapsulen el coneixement de l'enginyer de control. Així, a través dels mecanismes de comunicació entre mòduls aquest coneixement pot anar introduint-se als mecanismes de decisió dels mòduls superiors (supervisor i agent) de forma que quan els paràmetres dinàmics i estàtics indiquin que pot haver-hi problemes a baix nivell, els mòduls superiors es poden responsabilitzar d'inhibir o no l'execució d'algunes accions. Aquest procés top-down intern d'avaluació de la viabilitat d'executar una acció determinada s'anomena procés d'introspecció.
Es presenten diversos exemples per tal d'il·lustrar com es pot dissenyar un agent físic amb dinàmica pròpia utilitzant l'arquitectura DPAA com a referent. En concret, es mostra tot el procés a seguir per dissenyar un sistema real format per dos robots en formació de comboi, i es mostra com es pot resoldre el problema de la col·lisió utilitzant les capacitats a partir de les especificacions de disseny de l'arquitectura DPAA.
Al cinquè capítol s'hi exposa el procés d'anàlisi i disseny en un domini més complex: un grup de robots que emulen el joc del futbol. Els resultats que s'hi mostren fan referència a l'avaluació de la validesa de l'arquitectura per resoldre el problema de la passada de la pilota. S'hi mostren diversos resultats on es veu que és possible avaluar si una passada de pilota és viable o no. Encara que aquesta possibilitat ja ha estat demostrada en altres treballs, l'aportació d'aquesta tesi està en el fet que és possible avaluar la viabilitat a partir de l'encapsulament de la dinàmica en unes capacitats específiques, és a dir, és possible saber quines seran les característiques de la passada: el temps del xut, la precisió o inclòs la geometria del moviment del robot xutador.
Els resultats mostren que la negociació de les condicions de la passada de la pilota és possible a partir de capacitats atòmiques, les quals inclouen informació sobre les característiques de la dinàmica dels controladors. La complexitat del domini proposat fa difícil comparar els resultats amb els altres treballs. Cal tenir present que els resultats mostrats s'han obtingut utilitzant un simulador fet a mida que incorpora les dinàmiques dels motors dels robots i de la pilota. En aquest sentit cal comentar que no existeixen treballs publicats sobre el problema de la passada en què es tingui en compte la dinàmica dels robots.
El present treball permet assegurar que la inclusió de paràmetres dinàmics en el conjunt de les capacitats de l'agent físic permet obtenir un millor comportament col·lectiu dels robots, i que aquesta millora es deu al fet que en les etapes de decisió els agents utilitzen informació relativa a la viabilitat sobre les seves accions: aquesta viabilitat es pot calcular a partir del comportament dinàmic dels controladors. De fet, la definició de capacitats a partir de paràmetres dinàmics permet treballar fàcilment amb sistemes autònoms heterogenis: l'agent físic pot ser conscient de les seves capacitats d'actuació a través de mecanismes interns d'introspecció, i això permet que pugui prendre compromisos amb altres agents físics.
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Sunderland, David. "Agents and principals : the Crown agents for the colonies 1880-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:66440795-9fa9-4e41-b490-c9d8fc579b2f.
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The Office of the Crown agents acted as the UK commercial and financial agent of the Crown colonies, supplying all non-locally manufactured stores, organising the provision of external finance, supervising the construction of infrastructure, and performing various personnel services. Although under the supervision of the colonial Secretary, who appointed the Agents and fixed their salaries, the Office, through a system of charges for work done, was financially and administratively independent of the government. The thesis examines the Office from the perspective of principal-agent theory. It is argued that the Agents at the start of the period maximised their self-interest through the provision of a quality, but costly service, which reduced the likelihood of colonial criticism and the reorganisation/closure of the Agency, and increased its commission income. As they had difficulty monitoring costs and the loss suffered was relatively small when compared to the potential cost of the supply of poor quality goods/public works, both the Colonial Office and colonies tolerated the Agents' behaviour. In the late 1890s, however, the situation changed. A fall in the Office's receipts led the Agents to become more concerned with the maximisation of income. They thus began to use their advice to the Colonial Office to influence policy for their own benefit. As a result, costly and uneconomic railways were constructed, the price of purchases rose still further, and high cost loans were issued. The colonies, whose interests were threatened by the Agents' behaviour, increasingly lobbied the Colonial Office to take action, and in 1908 the Secretary of State set up an enquiry that led to widescale reorganisation of the Agency.
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Tavares, da Silva Joao Luis. "Programmation orientée multi-agents : coordination dans les systèmes multi-agents voyelles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10144.
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Palomino, Karen Pintado. "Avaliação de agentes remineralizadores e dessensibilizantes no tratamento de clareamento dental: estudo in vitro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-10092013-092945/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar comparativamente, in vitro, o efeito de agentes remineralizadores e dessensibilizantes na rugosidade superficial e microdureza do esmalte e dentina bovina exposta a peróxido de carbamida a 16% (T1) ou peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (T2). Os agentes clareadores T1 e T2 conjuntamente com os agentes remineralizadores/ dessensibilizantes - dentifrício Sensodyne® (D1); dentifrício experimental com 7,5% de micro-partículas de Biosilicato® (D2); dentifrício Odontis RX® (D3); dentifrício Sorriso® (D4); pasta experimental com micropartículas de Biosilicato® (D5); Desensebilize Nano P® (D6); pasta experimental com micropartículas de Bioglass® tipo 45S5 (D7); água destilada (GC) - foram usados considerando os grupos experimentais: T1/D1; T1/D2; T1/D3; T1/D4; T1/D5; T1/D6; T1/D7; T1/GC e T2/D1; T2/D2; T2/D3; T2/D4; T2/D5; T2/D6; T2/D7; T2/GC. Análise de rugosidade superficial (Ra), microdureza e imagens em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foram realizadas antes (t0) e após (t1) o tratamento com os géis clareadores (T1= 14 dias/ 4h por dia; T2= sessão única) e os produtos remineralizadores/dessensibilizantes. Os dados colhidos foram analisados intra e intergrupos, estatisticamente por meio de Análise de Variância e Teste de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que na rugosidade superficial não houve diferença significante (p>0.05) entre a rugosidade inicial (t0) e final (t1) tanto no esmalte quanto na dentina. A microdureza diminuiu nas amostras de dentina para o grupo T1/D6 (t0=40,99/ t1=29,11) e foi aumentada nas amostras de esmalte do grupo T1/D1 (t0=255,0/ t1=318,1). Conclui-se que o tratamento com peróxido de carbamida a 16% ou peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% associado aos agentes dessensibilizante/remineralizantes avaliados neste estudo não alteraram a rugosidade superficial do esmalte e dentina bovina, no entanto a microdureza pode ser alterada quando o peróxido de carbamida a 16% é usado.This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effect of remineralizing and desensitizing agents on microhardness (MH) and roughness (RG) enamel and dentin bovine samples exposed to 16% carbamide peroxide (T1) or 35% hydrogen peroxide (T2). Dental bleaching agents - T1 and T2 - together with desensitizing/ remineralizing agents - Sensodyne® dentifrice (D1); experimental dentifrice containing 7,5% micron-sized particles of Biosilicate® (D2); Odontis RX® dentifrice (D3); Sorriso® dentifrice (D4); microsized particles of Biosilicate® paste (D5); Dessensebilize Nano P® (D6); Bioglass® type 45S5 paste (D7); distilled water (CG) were used according to the experimental groups: T1/D1; T1/D2; T1/D3; T1/D4; T1/D5; T1/D6; T1/D7; T1/GC and T2/D1; T2/D2; T2/D3; T2/D4; T2/D5; T2/D6; T2/D7; T2/CG. MH, RG measurements, and images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were made on the samples before (t0) and after (t1) the treatment with the bleaching gels (T1= 14 days/ 04 hours/day; T2=single session) and the desensitizing/remineralizing agents. Data was analyzed statistically with One way-ANOVA and posterior Tukey Test. RG evaluation revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) between baseline (t0) and final (t1) RG for all experimental groups. MH decreased in dentine samples for T1/D6 (t0=40,99/ t1=29,11) and increased in enamel samples for T1/D1 (t0=255,0/ t1=318,1). It was concluded that the treatment with carbamide peroxide at 16% or hydrogen peroxide at 35% in combination with desensitizing/ remineralizing agents didnt alter enamel and dentin surface roughness; however microhardness could be affected when peroxide carbamide at 16 % is used.
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Chicoisne, Guillaume. "Dialogue entre agents naturels et agents artificiels : une application aux communautés virtuelles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004385.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la constitution de communautés mixtes rassemblant des agents naturels (humains) et des agents artificiels. Dans cet objectif, la thèse présentée traite des interactions pouvant exister entre ces types d'agents lorsqu'ils sont mis en présence au sein d'une communauté virtuelle. Les modèles d'agent et d'interaction proposés reposent sur l'hypothèse que chaque message est porteur d'un potentiel de sens -négociable- qu'il est nécessaire d'interpréter et non pas porteur d'un sens -unique et précis- qu'il suffit de décoder. Ceci implique les deux points centraux suivants : l'enrichissement contextuel du message et le focus conversationnel. Le premier point, l'enrichissement contextuel, associe un message avec son contexte de façon à permettre l'interprétation de ce message plutôt qu'un simple décodage comme cela est le cas dans les applications informatiques classiques. De manière duale, un processus d'expression remplace l'encodage. Le deuxième point, le focus conversationnel, représente l'objet de la discussion, lui aussi négociable et construit de manière collective par l'ensemble des interactants, leurs différentes interventions entraînant l'émergence du dialogue. Un agent conversationnel dédié à la recommandation de films, dans le cadre d'une boutique virtuelle 3D, constitue le cadre technologique et applicatif de la thèse défendue qui se conclut sur l'analyse de plusieurs dialogues entre cet agent et un client humain.
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CORDEIRO, JOANNA DE VASCONCELOS. "AGENTS OF TERROR AS AGENTS OF SECURITY: CONTESTING HISTORIES OF THE IRA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18315@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORPROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Aquilo que vem sendo interpretado como terror pode, por sua vez, ser interpretado como segurança. As narrativas padrão sobre organizações como o Exército Republicano Irlandês, baseadas em afirmações sobre terror de uma lado e revolução de outro, podem ser relidas com base em narrativas (também usuais) sobre segurança, termo este que infere muito mais legitimidade que terror. A dissertação se debruça sobre o pensamento de Jef Huysmans a fim de fazer uma leitura do IRA enquanto agência de segurança e os processos sociopolíticos onde se inscreve, demonstrado como uma mudança do uso de narrativas do terror para narrativas de segurança remodula a relação entre legitimidade e violência, tanto em relação ao IRA quanto em relação ao Estado. Não se trata simplesmente de uma questão sobre a história de quem é contada, mas de como formas específicas de narrativas e análises acabam por definir o que conta como violência legítima. Desta forma, organizações como o IRA podem ser mais bem compreendidas ao serem consideradas organizações que gozam de legitimidade perante uma população e não partindo do pressuposto de sua ilegitimidade.
What has been interpreted as terror can be interpreted as security. The standard histories about organisations such as the Irish Republican Army, based on claims about terror on the one hand or revolution on the other can be re-read on the basis of (also standard) narratives about security, with security implying much greater legitimacy than terror.This thesis makes usage of Jef Huysmans thought to analyse the IRA as a security agency and the socio-political processes where it is embedded, in order to show how the shift from terror narratives to security narratives recasts the relationship between legitimacy and violence, both in relation to the IRA and to the state. It is not only a matter of whose history gets told, but how specific forms of narratives work to shape claims about what counts as legitimate violence. Therefore, organisations like the IRA can be better understood when interpreted as organisations that have legitimacy over a population instead of starting from the assumption of their illegitimacy.
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Rejeb, Lilia. "Simulation multi-agents des systèmes économiques : Vers des systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000263.pdf.
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Deux principales approches ont été identifiées parmi les théories économiques issues des travaux de Simon : l'écologie organisationnelle et le management stratégique. Elles étudient séparément les deux principaux problèmes de sélection (matérialisée par l'intégration des formes organisationnelles) et d'adaptation. De récentes réflexions s'orientent vers l'unification des deux approches. Cependant, aucun modèle, à notre connaissance, n'a encore été proposé pour étudier simultanément les deux problèmes jusque-là abordés indépendamment. Ceci est notamment dû à la complexité des systèmes économiques. Le but de la thèse est de palier cette lacune en suggérant un modèle qui intègre les deux niveaux firmes et formes organisationnelles. Notre solution est basée sur l'utilisation des systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs. Nous montrons donc que les systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs permettent d'étudier les deux problèmes (adaptation et sélection) simultanément et que l'adaptation ne se limite pas aux agents mais est aussi présente au niveau des formes organisationnelles. La première partie de la thèse a permis de montrer l'intérêt des agents adaptatifs pour modéliser les firmes. Elle nous a permis aussi de mettre en évidence l'intérêt et les problèmes engendrés par l'utilisation des techniques d'apprentissage dans un contexte multi-agents. La deuxième partie correspond à la modélisation des formes organisationnelles et leur relation avec les firmes afin de vérifier qu'il existe une boucle où toute variation des formes organisationnelles est interprétée par les firmes pour leur adaptation et où l'adaptation des firmes engendre des variations dans les formes organisationnellesTwo main economic theories were identified among the economic theories which appear after Simon work: organizational ecology and strategic management. They investigate independently the problems of selection (embodying the integration of organizational forms) and adaptation. Recent research orientations focused on unifying the two approaches. However, no research studied merged these two approaches considered so far as independent. This is most likely due to the complexity of economic systems. This thesis defines a complete economic model integrating firms and organisational forms using an approach based on adaptive multi-agent systems. We show that adaptive multi-agent systems are well suited for the adaptation and selection problem and that the adaptation is not simply a feature of agents but also present at the organizational forms level. The first part of the thesis shows the advantages of using adaptive agents in modelling firms while highlighting the problems caused by the use of learning techniques in a multi-agent context. The second part models organizational forms and their interaction with firms. It proves the existence of a loop where each variation in the organizational forms is interpreted by firms which accordingly adapt, and where the adaptation of firms generates variations at the form level
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Ricordel, Pierre-Michel. "Programmation orientée multi-agents : développement et déploiement de systèmes multi-agents voyelles." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0096.
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La construction de systèmes multi-agents se fait encore trop souvent avec peu de méthodes et la réutilisation du code est souvent minimale, car très peu d'outils méthodologiques et logiciels existent actuellement pour ces systèmes. Nous proposons une plate-forme de construction de systèmes multi-agents, basée sur le paradigme de décomposition Voyelles. L'approche Voyelle est fondée sur la décomposition d'un système multi-agents en quatre éléments : L'Agent, l'Environnement, l'Interaction et l'Organisation. Cette décomposition permet de modulariser le système multi-agents, donc de simplifier la construction du système et d'offrir une meilleure réutilisation du code. Nous proposons une plate-forme logicielle appelée Volcano mettant en oeuvre cette approche originale. Celle-ci prend soin de séparer les étapes d'analyse, de conception, de développement et de déploiement du système multi-agent. Nous nous sommes particulièrement concentrés sur les aspects concernant le développement et le déploiement, et avns élaboré le langage Madel à cet effet. Différentes applications issues de plusieurs domaines d'application (la Robocup, la prise de rendez-vous, la classification) ont été implémentées à l'aide de la plate-forme afin de valider ses capacités d'adaptation et de réutilisation.
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Rejeb, Lilia Guessoum Zahia. "Simulation multi-agents des systèmes économiques Vers des systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs /." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000263.pdf.
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Potiron, Katia. "Systèmes multi-agents et tolérance aux fautes : conséquences de l'autonomie des agents." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066656.
Full textAbstract:
Les systèmes informatiques sont composés d'entités de plus en plus nombreuses et complexes. La centralisation de leurs décisions et de leur surveillance devient difficile, rendant plus complexe la garantie de la sûreté de fonctionnement. Dans ce cadre, il est envisagé de rendre les entités constituant le système plus autonomes et adaptables. Cependant, les applications de grande envergure dans le domaine de l'autonomie restent compliquées à mettre en place et souffrent d'un manque de confiance. Ces constatations nous ont menés vers les Systèmes Multi-Agents (SMA) qui s'intéressent aux problèmes d'autonomie et de contrôle décentralisé. Dans des systèmes informatiques traditionnels, le manque de confiance est traité à travers l'utilisation de divers techniques dont la tolérance aux fautes qui regroupe des moyens d'obtenir un système remplissant sa fonction en présence de fautes. L'application de ces techniques aux systèmes autonomes n'est cependant pas triviale. Et cette thèse a pour but de cerner les difficultés et apports introduits par l'autonomie des agents. Elle propose, de plus, d'étudier l'apport et la transposition des techniques de tolérance aux fautes des systèmes répartis aux SMA. Cette transposition est compliquée par les spécificités des SMA et les techniques de tolérance aux fautes classiques s'avèrent d'une aide limitée pour prendre en compte l'autonomie des agents.