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Belenguer, Ana. "Analytical studies of some agents for fertility regulation." Thesis, City University London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335308.
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Furst, Alexander J. "State Regulation of Private Police and Security Agents." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245626912.
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Casey, Ryan Edward. "Mouse strain-specific splicing of Apobec3." Digital WPI, 2006. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/950.
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"Host resolution of viral infection is dependent upon components of the innate and acquired immune system. The mammalian protein Apobec3 plays an important role as part of the immune system’s innate defenses through its modification of reverse transcribed viral DNA. Recently, Apobec3 was found to directly inhibit HIV-1 and HBV replication through deaminating newly transcribed deoxycytidine residues to deoxyuridine. The ability of mouse and simian Apobec3 variants to inhibit human retroviruses and vice versa highlights the utility of analyzing cross-species homologues. To better understand this editing enzyme, differentially pathogen-susceptible inbred mice were used as an experimental model. The purpose of this project is to examine the effects of murine Apobec3 (muA3) alternative splicing on its DNA-editing characteristics. Three distinct Apobec3 isoforms were isolated from pathogen-susceptible BALB/cByJ (“Câ€) inbred mice, and two Apobec3 isoforms came from pathogen-resistant C57BL/6ByJ (“Yâ€) mice. The five muA3 isoforms were cloned, sequenced, and expressed from a constitutive promoter in a haploid Saccharomyces cerevisia strain. MuA3 DNA-editing activity was measured via the CAN1 forward mutation assay. The five isoforms studied in this project were discovered to be strain-specific. One isoform from each mouse strain mutated the yeast CAN1 locus significantly. Additionally, both muA3 isoform mRNAs derived from the pathogen-resistant Y mice were found to persist at a higher level (2.7 -12.4 fold) than any of the C mouse isoforms. This suggests that the absence of exon 5 or some other signal in the Y mice may influence transcript stability. Evidence also suggests that the murine Apobec3 start codon is actually 33bp upstream of its reference start, with implications for previous research performed using muA3. Sequencing analysis of genomic DNA revealed the presence of a 4bp insertion in a region of BALB/cByJ muA3 which may have disrupted an intronic splicing enhancer signal. Furthermore, a novel BALB/cByJ Apobec3 isoform was characterized. This is the first report of strain-specific processing with regard to muA3."
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Olives, Pons Juana Maria. "Social norms as strategy of regulation of reproduction among hunting-fishing-gathering societies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669474.
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En comparar les dades demogràfiques dels caçadors-pescadors-recol·lectors moderns (e.g. l’existència d’índexs de creixement demogràfic diferenciats, capacitat d’aconseguir índexs de creixement alts, estabilitat demogràfica a llarg termini) i dels caçadors-pescadors-recol·lectors del Paleolític (e.g. densitat demogràfica baixa, absència de creixement demogràfic) en sorgeix una contradicció. La baixa densitat demogràfica documentada al Plistocè ha estat generalment argumentada com una conseqüència de la inferior capacitat tecnològica, de la biologia intrínseca, o de catàstrofes ambientals i climàtiques. Addicionalment, les societats caçadores-pescadores-recol·lectores han estat també caracteritzades per tindre una fecunditat natural, en oposició a una fecunditat controlada. Durant molt temps, s’ha ignorat el fet que el creixement demogràfic de poblacions caçadores-pescadores-recol·lectores també pot ser controlat a través de la regulació de les relacions socials i reproductives entre els homes i les dones, d’acord amb les seves funcions socials i econòmiques.
L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és aproximar-se a les relacions socials i reproductives entre els homes i les dones en una societat caçadora-pescadora-recol·lectora. Metodològicament, combino fonts etnohistòriques, estudis etnogràfics, demogràfics, i mèdics en un programa de simulació mulitagent encarregat de simular processos demogràfics. En les simulacions, poso a prova la hipòtesi d’aquesta tesi: les normes socials controlen la reproducció (fecunditat natural) i, conseqüentment, el creixement demogràfic de les societats caçadores-pescadores-recol·lectores. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi suporten la hipòtesi, assenyalant principalment tres tendències: 1) en les proves de les simulacions que no contenen cap norma social, la població artificial experimenta un creixement demogràfic elevat i ràpid (inexistent en el registre arqueològic o treballs etnogràfics); 2) en les proves de les simulacions que inclouen una restricció mínima, la població artificial mostra un creixement més lent tot i que encara excessivament elevat a llarg termini; 3) en les proves de les simulacions que inclouen una restricció més accentuada, les poblacions assoleixen una estabilitat demogràfica. Per tant, a partir d’aquestes dades es pot concloure que és molt probable que les poblacions caçadores-pescadores-recol·lectores del Paleolític varen desenvolupar determinats mecanismes socials que regularen el seu creixement demogràfic. L’organització i divisió del treball es converteix en la via a través de la qual es distribueix el valor subjectiu de la contribució productiva dels individus que hi participen. Les diferències de les activitats productives en base al sexe fa possible que s’estableixi una interdependència que alhora relativitza el valor del producte obtingut i, per extensió, el valor designat a la gent productora. D’aquesta manera, l’organització del treball, juntament amb la regulació de la reproducció, legitimen l’establiment de desigualtats socials basades en el gènere.There is an incongruity between the demographic data observed among contemporary hunter-fisher-gatherers (e.g. the existence of different growth rates, the capability of achieving high growing rates, and long-term demographic stability) and that of Pleistocene hunter-fisher-gatherers (e.g. low population density, and a lack of demographic expansion). The low demographic density in the Pleistocene has been explained as a consequence of low technological capability, intrinsic biology, and ecological and climatic catastrophes. In addition to this, the foraging societies have been categorized to follow a natural fertility, in opposition to controlled fertility. For long, it has been neglected that population growth among hunter-fisher-gatherers can also be regulated by controlling the social relations and reproductive relations between men and women, accordingly to the socioeconomic roles they have and, hence, in accordance to a particular socioeconomic behaviour. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to approach to the social and reproductive relations between the men and women in a foraging society in order to identify patterns and interrelations. Methodologically, I take into account ethnohistorical sources, ethnographic studies, modern demographic studies, and medical studies, which I combine into a multi-agent based simulation program that simulates demographic processes. In the simulations, I test the hypothesis presented in this thesis: social norms have an effect on reproduction (natural fertility) and, by extension, on the demographic growth of hunting-fishing-gathering societies. The results obtained in this doctoral thesis support this hypothesis, pointing to three main tendencies: 1) in the simulation in which social norms are excluded, the artificial population experiences a rapid demographic growth (unattested in the archaeological record and ethnographic studies); 2) in the simulations including the less restrictive social norms, the artificial population experiences a slower demographic growth, although it still remains to be unsustainable in the long-term; 3) in the simulations with the most restrictive norms the artificial population is demographically stable. Therefore, it is very plausible that Palaeolithic hunter-fisher-gatherers also developed certain social mechanisms that regulated their demographic growth. The manner in which labour is divided (organized) is at the same time the manner in which the subjective value of the productive contribution of the individuals participating in the production is distributed. The difference in production activities according to sex makes it possible to set an interdependence and at the same time to relativize the value of the product obtained, and by extension, the value assigned to the people producing it. The organization of labour, together with the regulation of reproduction brings together a legitimization of a social inequality based on gender.
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曾紹怡 and Siu-yee Patricia Tsang. "Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in hepatocytes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969835.
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Tsang, Siu-yee Patricia. "Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in hepatocytes." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22032459.
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Wilson, Heather Louise. "Regulation of calcium mobilisation by pyridine nucleotide metabolites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298417.
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Mantoni, Tine S. "Regulation of the androgen receptor in response to chemotherapeutic agents." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2006. http://publications.icr.ac.uk/9711/.
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The androgen receptor (AR) is the central component in regulation of the androgen signalling within the prostate gland. Deregulation of the AR activity is frequently involved in the development of prostate cancer. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer often involves chemotherapy and most of these drugs exert their function by generating genotoxic stress such as DNA damage. Although many cellular responses to DNA damage have been clarified over the past years, the effects of genotoxic stress on AR function remain to be elucidated. Here, the effects of genotoxic agents used in chemotherapeutic regimes were investigated in relation to endogenously expressed AR function in the hormone responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. This led to the novel finding that the topoisomerase 11 inhibitors, etoposide and doxorubicin, and the DNA crosslinking agent, cisplatin, inhibited the AR activity. It was further discovered that this loss of AR activity could not be explained by changes in cell cycle distribution, altered nuclear translocation of the AR, reduced expression of the receptor or by induction of apoptosis. Activation of the tumour suppressor p53 is a central component in various cellular responses to genotoxic stress, however, the inhibition of AR activity in response to genotoxic stress was found to be mediated by a mechanism independent of p53 function. Etoposide reduced AR ligand binding within the first hour of androgen exposure, a response only observed to a minor degree after cisplatin treatment. In contrast, cisplatin caused a loss of serine 81 phosphorylation on the AR after 8 hours of drug exposure, which was a response not seen in etoposide treated cells. Interestingly, further studies revealed that at early timepoints both agents inhibited the hormone stimulated recruitment of AR to androgen response elements (AREs) in the promoter and enhancer regions of an AR regulated gene. A possible involvement of MAPK, P13K or cell cycle checkpoint signalling pathways was investigated, but none were found to be directly involved, however, preliminary studies suggest that fully functional HSP90 may be involved in this aspect of AR regulation.
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Ho, Chee-ying Kitty. "A review of regulatory system of the Hong Kong travel industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36427548.
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Liu, Teresa T. "Transcriptional regulation of azole antifungal resistance in candida albicans." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2008. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2008-023-Liu-index.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2008.Title from title page screen (viewed on July 31, 2008). Research advisor: P. David Rogers, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xii, 172 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-115).
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Paterson, Ian Charles. "Cuticle-degrading proteases of Metarhizium anisopliae : enzyme regulation and gene cloning." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304382.
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McFarland, Matthew R. "Transfer RNAs as regulatory agents in the translational control of gene expression." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231855.
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Translational efficiency is dictated in part by the availability of charged transfer RNA. Depletion of aminoacylated tRNAs (e.g. during recombinant protein expression) can increase translational errors and associated stress responses. Here, the role of tRNAs as regulators of gene expression was explored through development of synthetic, tRNA-regulated gene circuits, and through an investigation of the impact of tRNA aminoacylation on endogenous gene expression. Synthetic gene circuits initially explored the use of dominant negative alleles of the release factor eRF1 to modulate stop codon readthrough and translationally regulate gene expression. Mutant eRF1 proteins exhibited only a six-fold stimulatory effect on stop codon readthrough. The dominant negative phenotype was rescued partially by overexpression of eRF1, but not eRF3. Ultimately the severity of growth inhibition by these eRF1 alleles limited their utility in synthetic gene circuit design. A novel synthetic circuit was then implemented that utilised TetR interaction with a TetR-inducing peptide in order to control the expression of a suppressor tRNA, and thus a luciferase reporter gene. Using a parameterised mathematical model, the promoter configuration of the circuit was successfully optimised, allowing suppressor tRNAs to regulate the production of luciferase in both feedforward and positive feedback modes of operation. The effects of charged tRNA levels on the global translation network were dissected by regulating the S.cerevisiae glutamine tRNA synthetase gene GLN4 using a tet-off doxycyclineregulated promoter. tRNA synthetase depletion caused the activation of the Gcn4 amino acid starvation response due to accumulation of uncharged glutamine tRNAs. Doxycycline GLN4 shut-off caused increased amino acid production, and decreased ribosome biosynthesis at the transcriptomic and proteomic level, and further physiological changes proposed to result from compromised translation of glutamine-rich regulatory proteins. tRNA overexpression in the GLN4 depletion strain successfully caused altered competition between different isoacceptor tRNA types for their cognate synthetase resource. Together, these results support a growing understanding of tRNA as a key modulator of translation and gene expression in synthetic and natural systems.
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Pattison, James Michael. "Aspects of the function and regulation of the human chemokine RANTES." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308849.
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Baker, Nigel Richard. "Synthesis and pharmacological activity of novel quinolones, benzopyran-4-ones and fluorobenzenes as potential cardiovascular agents." Thesis, Coventry University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245099.
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Strelcov, Olga. "Úloha ratingových agentur při hodnocení bankovních rizik." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72020.
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This thesis evaluates the current status of rating agencies and their importance in assessing bank risk. The first part provides an overview of the rating agencies, describes their evolution and role in the financial markets. The second part describes the effectiveness of new regulation of rating agencies and other steps that should increase the efficiency of measures adopted.
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吉田, 琢哉, and Takuya YOSHIDA. "感情に関するモニタリングが，怒り感情制御方略の使用に与える影響." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10333.
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Tassano, Velaochaga Hebert Eduardo. "Competition and utility regulation." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116247.
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With the entry into force of the Constitution of Peru of 1993, the economic model of social market economy, which was accompanied by an institutional reform, creating four (4) regulators of utilities and one (1) competition agency, was established. The economic model of social market economy, guarantees free competition in the market as a general rule, establishing a regulatory framework for public services that before the reform, were managed directly by the State. Thus, in this paper we will learn how to set up the Peruvian institutional framework and what are the main similarities and differences between competition and regulation, for which we will detail the functions of the competition agency and regulatory bodies as well as interaction between the two.Con la entrada en vigencia de la Constitución Política del Perú de 1993, se estableció el modelo económico de economía social de mercado. Como parte del mismo, se realizaron una serie de reformas institucionales del Estado, creándose cuatro organismos reguladores de los servicios públicos y una agencia de competencia. El modelo económico de economía social de mercado garantiza la libre competencia en el mercado como regla general, estableciendo un marco regulatorio para los servicios públicos que, antes de la reforma, eran gestionados directamente por el Estado. Así, en el presente trabajo podremos conocer cómo se ha establecido el marco institucional peruano y cuáles son las principales similitudes y diferencias de la competencia y la regulación, para lo que detallaremos las funciones de la agencia de competencia y la de los organismos reguladores, así como la interacción que existe entre ambos.
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Barrios-Rodiles, Miriam. "Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human macrophages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0033/NQ64507.pdf.
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Yilmaz, S. "The EU & players' agents : a theoretical analysis of the EU's intervention into the regulation of players' agents in Europe." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9yxq7/the-eu-players-agents-a-theoretical-analysis-of-the-eu-s-intervention-into-the-regulation-of-players-agents-in-europe.
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This research investigates the EU's intervention into the regulation of players' agents, as a policy issue, in the context of EU sports policy. A socio-cultural perspective is developed through analyzing the EU policy actors of the socio-cultural advocacy coalition (the Education and Culture DG within the Commission, the Committee on Culture and Education in the European Parliament and the Member States) operating within the EU sports policy subsystem. The research conceptualizes the socio-cultural regulation of sport as the EU policy actors’ strongly held policy core beliefs. In order to deduce policy core beliefs, there are three research dimensions examined in relation to the regulation of players' agents: coordinated activity between the actors, selective perception by policy core beliefs, and the actors' preference with regards to policy instruments to regulate players agents at European level. This research utilizes the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) as the theoretical framework. Primary documentary sources of the EU are analyzed through the method of content analysis. The EU policy actors have gradually coordinated their activities with regards to the regulation of players’ agents. During the preparatory phase of the White Paper on Sport, there was a weak level of coordination involving interactions and information exchange. During the aftermath of the White Paper on Sport, the actors fostered a stronger coordination through developing and implementing a common plan of action. At the same time, the actors learned about the problems within the activities of players’ agents which they perceived as a threat to their policy core beliefs. As a result, the EU policy actors developed their policy position in relation to players’ agents. In this context, their policy core beliefs performed selective perception by selecting, interpreting and ignoring certain stimuli in order to support that policy position. Consequently, the EU actors agreed on the necessity of a more effective regulatory framework governing players’ agents, yet the EU’s constitutional limitations have constrained potential available options at European level, in particular the emergence of European legal initiative. The research evidences that the EU policy actors’ policy core beliefs have been the main driver for their activities, perceptions and preferences related to players agents.
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Khandaker, Masud Hassan. "Regulation of leukocyte receptor expression by immunomodulatory agents, significance in transplantation and inflammation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0023/NQ31122.pdf.
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Smith, Jonathan. "The physiological regulation of secondary metabolite production in a microbial culture with biocontrol activity." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843098/.
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Antibiotic production kinetics of Streptomyces strain JS1 (an isolate selected from an industrial screen for biocontrol activity) and Streptomyces hygroscopicus (a culture collection strain with similar biocontrol activity to JS1) were examined. Growth-associated niphimycin production was observed in both strains during carbon-limited batch culture. Growth associated antibiotic production in carbon-limited medium has not been reported elsewhere and the antibiotic production physiology of biocontrol isolates has not been extensively studied in other laboratories. Increases in biomass and antibiotic production occurred simultaneously in JS1 (24h) and S. hygroscopicus (40h) carbon-limited cultures. Specific growth and antibiotic production rates peaked simultaneously (35h in S. hygroscopicus, 30h in JS1). Examination of the correlation between intracellular protein synthesis rate and niphimycin production rate was consistent with the relationship between these parameters proposed (in our laboratory and elsewhere) for the more frequently reported phenomenon of growth- dissociated antibiotic production. Evidence was obtained which resulted in a hypothesis that the unusual antibiotic production kinetics were a result of the unusually low affinity of JS1 for glucose. A novel approach (multi-compartment nonlinear modelling) to the determination of substrate affinity constants yielded a Ks value of 2.9mM which compares to 7.55muM (i.e. significantly higher affinity) value for Saccharopolyspora erythraea, a species which demonstrates the more common, growth dissociated form of production. Antibiotic production in nitrogen-limited culture was also growth- associated, but this has been reported elsewhere. Work reported here suggests that affinity for nitrogen substrate is significantly lower than that for glucose in S. erythraea (4.45mM compared to 7.55muM) a strain that also exhibits growth-associated antibiotic production under nitrogen limitation. This presumably explains the more growth-associated production kinetics observed in nitrogen-limited cultures. It is tempting to speculate a link between antibiotic production kinetics and biocontrol potential. A micro-organism capable of releasing anti-microbial product in synchrony with cell growth would presumably have more effect in reducing the rhizosphere microflora, prior to colonising the habitat, than a species producing the antibiotic as a secondary metabolite. If this hypothesis is justified, then it may explain the success of JS1 and S. hygroscopicus in the industrial screen. A mutant of JS1, unable to produce niphimycin, displayed diminished biocontrol capability, indicating that niphimycin has a role in the observed biological control effect, in this instance. An attempt to increase the biocontrol effectiveness of JS1 by enhancing niphimycin production in hydroponic and agar tomato culture systems was unsuccessful due to the production kinetics displayed by JS1. Manipulating culture conditions for increased niphimycin production inevitably resulted in increased JS1 growth which was associated with plant death. Electron microscopy suggested that this enhanced growth resulted in excessive colonisation of the root system, possibly resulting in plant death due to root oxygen starvation. The fungal pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium oxysporum, used as challenge organisms in the industrial screen, had significantly higher affinities for the substrates examined (15muM and < 10muM, respectively for glucose and 22muM and < 38muM, respectively, for nitrate) compared to the affinities of JS1 (2.9mM and 2.4mM, respectively, for glucose and nitrate) indicating that competition for nutrients was unlikely to account for the success of JS1 in the screen. An additional novel concept explored in this work was the use of a fractional factorial medium design procedure (the Plackett-Burman technique) for the attempted identification of nutrients that could be used to simultaneously enhance growth of biocontrol agents whilst inhibiting the growth of target pathogens. Nutritional requirements thus elucidated were compared to those of variant strains of S. hygroscopicus and other Streptomyces species.
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Shabani, Fariba. "Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors and IL-8 in inflammatory rheumatic diseases : effects of cytokines and anti-rheumatic agents /." Title page and contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs524.pdf.
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Thomas, Holly Reed. "Genetic and epigenetic regulation of dihydropyrimidinase and beta-ureidopropionase in individuals with altered uracil catabolism and normal dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme activity." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008r/thomas.pdf.
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Gaciarz, Matthis. "Régulation de trafic urbain multimodal : une modélisation multi-agents." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1281/document.
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Depuis plusieurs décennies, la congestion urbaine est de plus en plus répandue et dégrade la qualité de vie des habitants des villes. Plusieurs méthodes sont utilisées pour diminuer la congestion urbaine, notamment la régulation du trafic et la valorisation des transports en commun. Depuis les années 1990 l'utilisation d‘outils issus de l'intelligence artificielle, et en particulier des méthodes distribuées et les systèmes multi-agents, a permis de concevoir de nouvelles méthodes de régulation du trafic. Parallèlement, l'amélioration des capacités de communication des véhicules et des conducteurs et l'arrivée de voitures autonomes permettent d'envisager de nouvelles approches en matière de régulation. Le travail de recherche proposé dans le cadre de cette thèse est structuré en deux volets. Nous proposons d'abord une méthode de régulation du trafic à une intersection s'appuyant sur la négociation automatique. Notre méthode se fonde sur un système d'argumentation décrivant l'état du trafic et les préférences de chacun, appuyé par des méthodes de raisonnement pour les véhicules et les infrastructures. Dans le deuxième volet de cette thèse, nous proposons une méthode de coordination des bus avec le reste du trafic. Celle-ci permet à un bus de se coordonner de manière anticipative avec les prochaines intersections qu'il prévoit de traverser, afin de mettre en place une politique commune de régulation qui permet au bus d'atteindre son prochain arrêt en subissant le minimum de congestions potentiellesSince several decades, urban congestion is more and more widespread and deteriorate the quality of life of citizens who live in cities. Several methods are used to reduce urban congestion, notably traffic regulation and promotion of public transportation. Since the 1990's, the usage of tools from artificial intelligence, particularly distributed systems and multi-agent systems, allowed to design new methods for traffic regulation. Indeed, these methods ease to take into account the complexity of traffic-related problems with distribution. Moreover, the improvement of the communication abilities of the vehicles and the coming of autonomous vehicles allow to consider new approaches for regulation.The research work presented in this work is twofold. First we propose a method for traffic regulation at an intersection based on automatic negotiation. Our method is based on an argumentation system describing the state of the traffic and the preferences of each vehicle, relying on reasonning methods for vehicles and infrastructures. In the second part of this thesis, we propose a coordination method for buses for the rest of the traffic. This method allows a bus to coordinate in an anticipatory way with the next intersections on its trajectory, in order to define a common regulation policy allowing the bus to reach its next stop without suffering from potential congestions
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Lenntorp, Erik. "An Economic Analysis of Regulation by Conditional Permits." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Ekonomiska institutionen, Linköpings universitet [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5715.
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Ooi, Esther M. M. "Regulation of lipoprotein transport in the metabolic syndrome : impact of statin therapy." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0125.
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[Truncated abstract] The metabolic syndrome is characterized by cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, hypertension and diabetes. The dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome includes elevated plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels, accumulation of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration. However, the precise mechanisms for this dyslipoproteinemia, specifically low plasma HDL cholesterol, are not well understood. This thesis therefore, focuses on HDL, its structure, function and metabolism. However, lipoprotein metabolism is a complex interconnected system, which includes forward and reverse cholesterol transport pathways. Hence, this thesis also examines and discusses the metabolism of apoB-containing lipoproteins. This thesis tests the general hypothesis that apolipoprotein kinetics are altered in the metabolic syndrome, and that lipid regulating therapies can improve these kinetic abnormalities. The aims were first, to compare and establish the clinical, metabolic and kinetic differences between metabolic syndrome and lean subjects; and second, to determine the regulatory effects of statin therapy, specifically, rosuvastatin on lipoprotein transport in the metabolic syndrome. Five observation statements were derived from the general hypothesis and examined in the studies described below. The findings are presented separately as a series of original publications. Study 1 Twelve men with the metabolic syndrome and ten lean men were studied in a case-control setting. ... These findings explain the HDL raising effects of rosuvastatin in the metabolic syndrome. Collectively, these studies suggest that the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome results from increased production rates of VLDL and LDL particles, reduced fractional catabolic rates of these lipoproteins, together with accelerated catabolism of HDL particles. Treatment with rosuvastatin increases the catabolic rates of all apoB-containing lipoproteins and at a higher dose, decreases LDL apoB production. These effects are consistent with inhibition of cholesterol synthesis leading to an upregulation of LDL receptors. Rosuvastatin decreases the fractional catabolism of HDL particles. The effects of rosuvastatin on HDL kinetics may be related to a reduction in triglyceride concentration and cholesterol ester transfer protein activity. These findings are consistent with the general hypothesis that apolipoprotein kinetics are altered in the metabolic syndrome, and that statin therapy improves these kinetic abnormalities.
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Soberón, Mora Arturo. "Los folletos como agentes del debate político: ciudad de México, 1821-1855." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121540.
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Folletos and other kinds of printed matter, such as loose sheets or volantes, played a leading role in the emerging political struggles of the nineteenth century. In recent years, interest in studying print culture of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century has motivated numerous essays in Latin American fields on different aspects of the subject. This article seeks to highlight the transformation which folletos and their contents experienced in the late colonial period and, consequently, the prominent role that these documents had in the intense debate that characterized the political contests of the early decades of independent Mexico.Los folletos y otro tipo de impresos, como las hojas sueltas o volantes, desempeñaron en las emergentes contiendas políticas del siglo XIX un papel protagónico. En años recientes, el interés por estudiar la cultura impresa de finales del siglo XVIII y la primera mitad del XIX ha motivado el surgimiento de numerosos ensayos en ámbitos latinoamericanos sobre diferentes aspectos en la materia. En el presente texto se busca poner de relieve la transformación que tuvieron los folletos y sus contenidos hacia finales del periodo colonial y, consecuentemente, el destacado papel que dichos impresos tuvieron en el intenso debate que caracterizó a las contiendas políticas de las primeras décadas del México independiente.
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Håkansson, Kerstin. "Regulation of signal transduction in the striatum by typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-360-4/.
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Wyon, Nicholas. "On the interaction between a neuromuscular blocking agent and regulation of breathing during hypoxia /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-659-6.
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Davies, G. J. "Towards an agent-based model for risk-based regulation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5662.
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Risk-based regulation has grown rapidly as a component of Government decision making, and as such, the need for an established evidence-based framework for decisions about risk has become the new mantra. However, the process of brokering scientific evidence is poorly understood and there is a need to improve the transparency of this brokering process and decisions made. This thesis attempts to achieve this by using agent-based simulation to model the influence that power structures and participating personalities has on the brokering of evidence and thereby the confidence-building exercise that characterises risk-based regulation. As a prerequisite to the adoption of agent-based techniques for simulating decisions under uncertainty, this thesis provides a critical review of the influence power structure and personality have on the brokering of scientific evidence that informs risk decisions. Three case studies, each representing a different perspective on risk-based regulation are presented: nuclear waste disposal, the disposal of avian-influenza infected animal carcases and the reduction of dietary salt intake. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with an expert from each case study, and the logical sequence in which decisions were made was mapped out and used to inform the development of an agent-based simulation model. The developed agent-based model was designed to capture the character of the brokering process by transparently setting out how evidence is transmitted from the provider of evidence to the final decision maker. It comprises of two agents, a recipient and provider of evidence, and draws upon a historic knowledge base to permit the user to vary components of the interacting agents and of the decision-making procedure, demonstrating the influence that power structure and personality has on agent receptivity and the confidence attached to a number of different lines of evidence. This is a novel step forward because it goes beyond the scope of current risk management frameworks, for example, permitting the user to explore the influence that participants have in weighing and strengthening different lines of evidence and the impact this has on the final decision outcome.
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Ho, Chee-ying Kitty, and 何芷盈. "A review of regulatory system of the Hong Kong travel industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36427548.
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Brasil, Eric Universo Rodrigues. "Renda de informação nos leilões de exploração de petróleo no Brasil: uma estimação não-paramétrica com assimetria entre os agentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-18122009-090455/.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo estimar a renda de informação apropriada pelos vencedores dos leilões para exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural no Brasil. Assume-se um modelo estrutural de leilão de valor privado independente. Foram estimadas as distribuições dos lances e dos valores privados dos lançadores de forma não-paramétrica, assumindo assimetria entre os participantes (Petrobras+OGX versus outros). Para isso, explorou-se um banco de dados construído a partir de informações de todos os leilões realizados entre 1999 e 2008. Tal estudo é relevante por tentar avaliar o sucesso do governo brasileiro e das empresas licitantes nestes leilões, principalmente diante da discussão do novo marco regulatório do pré-sal. Os resultados sugerem que a Petrobras e a OGX obtiveram rendas de informação significativamente maiores que as demais concorrentes. Tais rendas variam entre 14% e 63%, dependendo do número de competidores e de seu tipo. De maneira geral, o governo tende a extrair maior parte do preço de reserva do vencedor do leilão quando este não é a Petrobras ou a OGX e quanto maior for o número de concorrentes.This dissertation aims to estimate the information rent grabbed by the winners of auctions for exploration and production of oil and natural gas in Brazil. It assumes a structural model of independent private values for the auctions. We estimated non-parametrically both the distributions of bids and the distribution of private values from bidders, assuming asymmetry between the participants (Petrobras + OGX versus others). For this, we explored a database with information about all the auctions held between 1999 and 2008. This study is relevant since it tries to assess the success of the Brazilian government and bidders in these auctions, especially before the discussion on the new regulatory framework of pre-salt. Results suggest that Petrobras and OGX obtained information rents significantly higher than other competitors. These rents vary between 14% and 63%, depending on the number of competitors and on their types. In general, the government tends to capture most of the reserve price of the winning bidder when it is not Petrobras or OGX and the greater the number of competitors.
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Saliba, Pamela. "High-frequency trading : statistical analysis, modelling and regulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX044.
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Cette thèse est constituée de deux parties liées l’une à l’autre. Dans la première, nous étudions empiriquement le comportement des traders haute fréquence sur les marchés financiers européens. Nous utilisons les résultats obtenus afin de construire dans la seconde partie de nouveaux modèles multi-agents. L’objectif principal de ces modèles est de fournir aux régulateurs et plateformes de négociation des outils innovants leur permettant de mettre en place des règles pertinentes pour la microstructure et de quantifier l’impact des divers participants sur la qualité du marché.Dans la première partie, nous effectuons deux études empiriques sur des données uniques fournies par le régulateur français. Nous avons accès à l’ensemble des ordres et transactions des actifs du CAC 40, à l’échelle de la microseconde, avec par ailleurs les identités des acteurs impliqués. Nous commençons par comparer le comportement des traders haute fréquence à celui des autres intervenants, notamment pendant les périodes de stress, en termes de provision de liquidité et d’activité de négociation. Nous approfondissons ensuite notre analyse en nous focalisant sur les ordres consommant la liquidité. Nous étudions leur impact sur le processus de formation des prix et leur contenu informationnel selon les différentes catégories de flux : traders haute fréquence, participants agissant pour compte client et participants agissant pour compte propre.Dans la seconde partie, nous proposons trois modèles multi-agents. À l’aide d’une approche à la Glosten-Milgrom, nous parvenons avec notre premier modèle à construire l’ensemble du carnet d’ordres (spread et volume disponible à chaque prix) à partir des interactions entre trois types d’agents : un agent informé, un agent non informé et des teneurs de marché. Ce modèle nous permet par ailleurs de développer une méthodologie de prédiction du spread en cas de modification du pas de cotation et de quantifier la valeur de la priorité dans la file d’attente. Afin de se concentrer sur une échelle individuelle, nous proposons une deuxième approche où les dynamiques spécifiques des agents sont modélisées par des processus de type Hawkes non linéaires et dépendants de l’état du carnet d’ordres. Dans ce cadre, nous sommes en mesure de calculer en fonction des flux individuels plusieurs indicateurs pertinents relatifs à la microstructure. Il est notamment possible de classer les teneurs de marché selon leur contribution propre à la volatilité. Enfin, nous introduisons un modèle où les fournisseurs de liquidité optimisent leurs meilleurs prix à l’achat et à la vente en fonction du profit qu’ils peuvent générer et du risque d’inventaire auquel ils sont confrontés. Nous mettons alors en évidence théoriquement et empiriquement une nouvelle relation importante entre inventaire et volatilitéThis thesis is made of two related parts. In the first one, we study the empirical behaviour of high-frequency traders on European financial markets. We use the obtained results to build in the second part new agent-based models for market dynamics. The main purpose of these models is to provide innovative tools for regulators and exchanges allowing them to design suitable rules at the microstructure level and to assess the impact of the various participants on market quality.In the first part, we conduct two empirical studies on unique data sets provided by the French regulator. It covers the trades and orders of the CAC 40 securities, with microseconds accuracy and labelled by the market participants identities. We begin by investigating the behaviour of high-frequency traders compared to the rest of the market, notably during periods of stress, in terms of liquidity provision and trading activity. We work both at the day-to-day scale and at the intra-day level. We then deepen our analysis by focusing on liquidity consuming orders. We give some evidence concerning their impact on the price formation process and their information content according to the different order flow categories: high-frequency traders, agency participants and proprietary participants.In the second part, we propose three different agent-based models. Using a Glosten-Milgrom type approach, the first model enables us to deduce the whole limit order book (bid-ask spread and volume available at each price) from the interactions between three kinds of agents: an informed trader, a noise trader and several market makers. It also allows us to build a spread forecasting methodology in case of a tick size change and to quantify the queue priority value. To work at the individual agent level, we propose a second approach where market participants specific dynamics are modelled by non-linear and state dependent Hawkes type processes. In this setting, we are able to compute several relevant microstructural indicators in terms of the individual flows. It is notably possible to rank market makers according to their own contribution to volatility. Finally, we introduce a model where market makers optimise their best bid and ask according to the profit they can generate from them and the inventory risk they face. We then establish theoretically and empirically a new important relationship between inventory and volatility
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Martínez, Antón Mª Asunción. "Mucus Hypersecretion, MUC genes and Mucins in Inflammatory Nasosinusal Diseases. Regulation by Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Agents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2255.
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The overall objectives of this thesis are: one, characterize the expression of mucin at baseline human nasal mucosa in healthy and inflamed (nasal polyps), and two, to analyze the expression of mucin and the regulation exerted by glucocorticoids on it in patients with nasal polyposis ( "in vivo") and a respiratory cell line (in vitro).D'entre totes les estructures que composen el tracte respiratori, el nas, a través de la mucosa nasal, és l'òrgan encarregat de la preparació del moc inhalat mitjançant la filtració, l'escalfament i la humidificació d'aquest abans que arribi als pulmons, exercint d'aquesta manera una acció protectora sobre les vies aèries vers agents irritants i patògens. Per tal de desenvolupar aquesta tasca, la mucosa nasal, concretament l'epiteli i les glàndules submucoses d'aquesta, secreta moc i alhora promou l'aclariment mucociliar a través del seu epiteli ciliat, el qual es troba submergit en les secrecions nasals.
El moc respiratori està constituït per aigua, ions, secrecions pulmonars, trasudats de proteïnes del sèrum, proteïnes antimicrobianes i glicoproteïnes mucoses o mucines, les quals són responsables de la viscoelasticitat i adhesivitat del moc. Fins ara, han estat descrits 20 gens que codifiquen per mucines, subdividits en dos grups principals: mucines secretades i de membrana.
Tot i que ambdós tipus de mucines (de membrana i secretades) comparteixen una característica comuna en la seva estructura proteica, que consisteix en la presència de diverses repeticions en tandem de regions riques en residus de serina i treonina altament glicosilats, aquestes presenten diferències estructurals que determinaran en cert grau la seva funcionalitat.
En general, en patologies respiratòries s'ha trobat un increment en la expressió de mucines respecte teixits sans. Aquestes malalties, a més de compartir, entre d'altres símptomes l'obstrucció nasal i la hipersecreció de moc, semblen presentar una composició mucínica anormal del moc en referència a la quantitat, tipus i mida de les mucines (8-10). Aquests canvis podrien contribuir a les propietats reològiques del moc del tracte respiratori, produint un moc hiperviscós en el cas de la fibrosi quística i l'asma, i un moc aquós en el de la rinitis al·lèrgica i la poliposis nasal. No obstant això, les conseqüències funcionals del moc amb composició mucínica diferent han estat poc estudiades.
Un dels objectius actuals en l'estudi de la secreció mucosa i de la regulació dels gens MUC és investigar la relació potencial entre els seus patrons d'expressió, les seves propietats fisiològiques i les seves manifestacions clíniques en patologies respiratòries com ara la poliposi nasal i l'asma. Amb els estudis que composen aquesta tesi, es pretén determinar el paper dels gens MUC en l'etiologia de malalties com la poliposi nasal i l'asma, veure si existeixen patrons de diagnòstic definits, i alhora investigar els mecanismes de regulació d'aquests gens. Els resultats d'aquests estudis contribuiran a augmentar el coneixement de l'etiologia de la poliposi nasosinusal i obrirà noves perspectives per a la millora del tractament actual, donant la possibilitat de dissenyar nous fàrmacs i noves estratègies de tractament per a la rinosinusitis crònica i la poliposi nasosinusal, especialment en relació a la hipersecreció mucosa que acompanya en aquestes malalties.
En concret, els objectius generals d'aquesta tesi sòn: un, caracteritzar l'expressió de mucines a nivell basal en mucosa nasal humana sana i inflamada (pòlips nasals), i dos, analitzar l'expressió de mucines i la regulació que exerceixen els glucocorticoides sobre aquesta en pacients amb poliposi nasal (in vivo) i en una línia cel·lular respiratòria (in vitro).
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Sims, Kacee Hall. "Participation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in the regulation of autophagy in response to diverse agents." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42839.
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Sphingolipids are a complex family of molecules that participate in many aspects of cell structure and function, including an essential cellular process known as autophagy. Autophagy is a degradation and recycling pathway whereby intracellular components are sequestered into double-membrane vesicles, known as autophagosomes, for subsequent fusion with lysosomes and degradation. Autophagy takes part in cell survival, host immune defense against pathogens, and other biological processes, but is also sometimes lethal. Ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and more recently dihydroceramide have been shown to induce autophagy, which opens an interesting new field of cell regulation by sphingolipids. This dissertation describes two new cases in which sphingolipids participate in the induction of autophagy: a) RAW264.7 cells treated with Kdo2-Lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide sub-structure with endotoxin activity equal to LPS; and b) MCF7 cells treated with fenretinde, a chemotherapeutic agent which has shown success in clinical trials. It also analyzes the structural properties of fenretinide that contribute to its ability to modulate sphingolipid metabolism through inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase, thereby elevating dihydroceramide and induction of autophagy. Autophagy was monitored by following the redistribution of GFP-LC3 into discrete punctate vesicles in response to the agents and by Western blotting; in parallel, the sphingolipid composition of the cells was monitored by liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. These analyses revealed that Kdo2-Lipid A and fenretinide induce profound changes in sphingolipid metabolism in RAW264.7 and MCF7 cells, respectively, and that one of the purposes for increased de novo biosynthesis is to enable the production of autophagosomes, as the autophagic response was inhibited by myriocin.
These studies have uncovered a direct link between sphingolipid metabolism and autophagy, which could pave the way for new therapeutic interventions for the treatment of pathogenic infection and be clinically useful in enhancing the efficacy of current cancer treatment strategies.
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Johnson, Deborah. "Regulation of iron transport and transporter expression in intestinal epithelial cells by dietary and humoral agents." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426040.
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Ernestam, Sofia. "Rheumatoid arthritis : pharmacological modulation of cytokines - aspects of clinical response and endocrine regulation /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-628-X/.
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Hälldin, Jonas. "Oxidative stress and alterations in the mammalian iron metabolism : a study on iron, inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in cellular model systems /." Stockholm : Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7037.
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Sethi, Sumanjit Kaur. "Rhinovirus infection of airway epithelial cells : focus on the major group receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and its regulation." Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242449.
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Maker, Garth Lucas. "Regulation of surfactant production by fetal type II pneumocytes and characterization of fibroblast-pneumocyte factor /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080430.141113.
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Routledge, Hayden Swailes. "Regulation of myogenic tone in cerebral and mesenteric resistance arteries by metabolic agents and second messenger systems." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4904/.
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1. The pressure-perfusion myograph. permeabilisation techniques and also intracellular membrane potential recordings were used to examine the regulation of myogenic tone in cerebral and mesenteric resistance arteries by metabolic agents and second messenger systems. 2. After pressurisation to 60 mmHg, rat isolated mesenteric and cerebral resistance arteries developed spontaneous myogenic tone, resulting in a 26 ± 1% (n = 42) and 30 ± 2% (n = 14) reduction in diameter respectively. 3. The metabolic vasodilator adenosine and the KATI' channel opener cromakalim each produced a dose-dependent dilatation of pressurised mesenteric arteries. The cromakalim-evoked dilatation was inhibited by glibenc1amide (l J.lM), demonstrating the presence of the KATI' channel in the mesenteric artery and their activation as the mechanism for cromakalim-evoked dilatation. In contrast neither adenosine nor cromakalim produced a dilatation of pressurised cerebral arteries. 4. Adenosine-evoked dilatation of mesenteric arteries was unaffected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 IlM). antagonists of the KATI' channel (gJibenclamide; 1 J.lM), the small conductance Ca2' activated K+ channel (apamin; 0.3 J.lM) and the large conductance, Ca2! activated K+ channel (TEA; 1 mM). Further to this, cromakalim (10 IlM) but not adenosine (100 J.lM) produced a hyperpolarisation of the pressurised mesenteric artery. This suggests that neither nitric oxide synthesis nor K+ channel activation contributed to the adenosine-evoked dilatation. 5. Adenosine evoked adose-dependent dilatation of p-escin permeabilised mesenteric arteries; where the intracellular Ca" concentration was clamped to ~600 nM. The mechanism of adenosine-evoked dilatation may involve a decreased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. 6. An increase in extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K+lo) may link increased neuronal activity and regional cerebral blood flow. Elevation of [K+Jofrom 4.7 to 10 mM evoked a sustained dilatation of isolated pressurised thalamo-perforating cerebral arterioles. 7. The K+-evoked dilatation was inhibited by the inward rectifier K+ channel (K1R) inhibitor Ba2+ (50J.lM), and the K+ channel inhibitor cesium (20mM) but was not blocked by inhibitors of the ATP-sensitive (KATP)and the Ca2 + -activated K+ channel (KcJ, glibenclamide (l J.lM) and TEA (lmM) respectively. Nor was the dilatation altered with the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX, 0.3 J.lM). The K+--evoked dilatation was associated with a membrane hyperpolarisation to -58 ± I mV (n = 5), from a control value of -42 ± 1 mV (n = 10). 8. It is proposed that increased [K+Jo evokes a dilatation of thalamoperforating cerebral arteries via an activation of KIR channels and smooth muscle cell hyperpolarisation. 9. An increase in [Ca2+]o to approximately 700 nM evoked a 30 ± 3 % (n = 28) constriction of isolated ~-escin permeabilised cerebral resistance arteries. 10. Under [Ca2+1 clamped conditions the putative PKC activator indolactam evoked a 20 ± 2% constriction of the artery. The PKC inhibitor (PKC(19_ 36); I IlM) produced a near maximal (85 ± 4 %) reversal of the indolactam-evoked constriction of the artery, while PKC(19_36) (1 IlM) produced only a minor (12 ± 3 %) reversal of the Ca2+-induced constriction, thus confirming that the indolactam-evoked constriction was due to an activation ofPKC. 11. The MLCK antagonist SM-l (100 JlM) reversed both the Ca2+_ and the indolactam-evoked constriction of the artery. The calmodulin antagonist RS-20 (0.1 - 100 JlM) dose-dependently reversed the Ca2 + -evoked constriction but, even up to a concentration of 300 JlM, did not reverse the indolactam evoked-constriction of the artery. 12. It is proposed that MLCK but not calmodulin plays a role in the PKCevoked smooth muscle contraction.
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Crowley, Michael John Anthony. "Chemical control : exploring mechanisms for the regulation of riot control agents, incapacitants and related means of delivery." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5717.
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A holistic arms control (HAC) analytical framework was employed to explore the full range of mechanisms that could potentially be utilised to effectively regulate the development, stockpiling, transfer or use of riot control agents (RCAs), incapacitants and related means of delivery. From this analysis it is clear that the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and its attendant regime are the most appropriate and probably the most receptive mechanisms, at least in the short term, for the discussion of these concerns and the development of appropriate policy responses. However, the response of CWC States Parties to these issues is by no means certain and parallel processes should be established to explore alternative regulatory mechanisms with the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, UN drugs conventions, international and regional human rights instruments, international humanitarian law, and transfer controls potentially yielding positive results in the next five to ten year period. Other regimes that may well prove important in the longer term include: the international criminal court and other international criminal law entities; the UN Secretary General's investigation mechanism and other ad hoc UN investigatory mechanisms. A comprehensive HAC strategy for the regulation of RCAs, incapacitants and related means of delivery will also require active involvement of informed and activist civil society in societal verification; development and promotion of norms prohibiting the involvement of scientific and medical communities in weaponisation programmes intended for malign application; and far greater active engagement of such expert communities in relevant State and international policy development processes.
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Chang, Wei-Ling. "Mechanism Studies of Antitubulin Agents-mediated MMP Down-regulation and Nitroxoline Repurposing in Human Prostate Cancer Cells." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428497771.
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Crowley, Michael J. A. "Chemical control. Exploring mechanisms for the regulation of riot control agents, incapacitants and related means of delivery." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5717.
Full textAbstract:
A holistic arms control (HAC) analytical framework was employed to explore the full range of mechanisms that could potentially be utilised to effectively regulate the development, stockpiling, transfer or use of riot control agents (RCAs), incapacitants and related means of delivery. From this analysis it is clear that the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and its attendant regime are the most appropriate and probably the most receptive mechanisms, at least in the short term, for the discussion of these concerns and the development of appropriate policy responses.
However, the response of CWC States Parties to these issues is by no means certain and parallel processes should be established to explore alternative regulatory mechanisms with the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, UN drugs conventions, international and regional human rights instruments, international humanitarian law, and transfer controls potentially yielding positive results in the next five to ten year period. Other regimes that may well prove important in the longer term include: the international criminal court and other international criminal law entities; the UN Secretary General¿s investigation mechanism and other ad hoc UN investigatory mechanisms.
A comprehensive HAC strategy for the regulation of RCAs, incapacitants and related means of delivery will also require active involvement of informed and activist civil society in societal verification; development and promotion of norms prohibiting the involvement of scientific and medical communities in weaponisation programmes intended for malign application; and far greater active engagement of such expert communities in relevant State and international policy development processes.
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Murphy, Thomas P. D. "The regulation of blue-green algae by iron availability and calcite precipitation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27466.
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The primary objective of this research was to determine if changes in iron availability influence the periodicity of blue-green algal growth. A secondary goal was to resolve how iron availability was related to events such as calcite (calcium carbonate) precipitation and sediment nutrient release.
The biogeochemical regulation of blue-green algal succession was studied in three eutrophic hardwater lakes located upon the Thompson Plateau in south-central British Columbia. The experimental approaches included iri situ bottle and limnocorral experiments, sediment core analysis, monitoring of seasonal changes in water chemistry, and whole-lake manipulation by hypolimnetic aeration, or calcium hydroxide addition. Growth and primary production bioassays were used to evaluate iron availability. Microbial chelators were isolated from algal cultures and lake water, quantified by a chelation assay, and used to determine their in situ effects on algal productivity and bacterial heterotrophy.
Microbes were able to regulate the bioavailability of iron. Algal siderophore isolates were rapidly assimilated in lake water and they were highly specific for iron chelation. Moreover, chelator concentrations in Black Lake usually exceeded the dissolved iron concentration. Algae excreted chelators that could suppress growth of some other species of algae by 90%, enhance the primary production of some other algal species by 30%, or suppress the heterotrophic activity of bacteria by 14-98%.
The degree of iron limitation varied greatly during the summer. In Black Lake, iron limitation was more than ten-fold more intense in early summer than in late summer. Dense blooms of
blue-green algae occurred in Black Lake only after the iron
content of the lake increased from 20 to more than 100 ug/L. An
increase in iron concentration in the water column of the three
lakes was caused by a midsummer sediment release of iron.
Although sediment pyrite formation converted available iron
into refractory iron in both Chain and Frisken lakes, the degree
of iron limitation varied greatly among the lakes. Unlike in
Black Lake, the algae in Chain Lake were not limited by iron
availability. Phosphorus solubility was a good index of iron
availability. Black and Frisken lakes had too little iron for
iron phosphate to precipitate, but the higher iron concentration
in Chain Lake regulated phosphorus solubility. The differences
among lakes was primarily a function of external iron loading,
not sediment iron release. Chain Lake received 10³ more iron per m² than Frisken or Black lakes.
Carbonate equilibria integrated the microbial responses to iron enrichment. When iron availability was increased in the epilimnion of Black Lake, algal productivity was enhanced which resulted in an increase in pH and the coprecipitation of more calcite and phosphorus than in control treatments. The precipitation of calcite could sediment as much as 90% of the algae and 97% of the phosphorus from the epilimnion. The hypolimnia of the iron-enriched limnocorrals had the lowest pH and highest dissolution of precipitated phosphorus.
Three reactions, iron chelation, sediment iron release, and calcite precipitation, can regulate much of the periodicity of blue-green algal growth in hardwater lakes.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Pichierri, Lorenzo. "Formation control of drone swarms via leader-follower maneuver regulation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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The key idea of this thesis is to apply advanced formation control methods to swarms of drones, considering the leaders driven by maneuver regulation techniques. The approaches presented in this work propose an efficient solution to several cooperative multi-agent problems, e.g., in surveillance applications. In this thesis, the general dynamic model of the quadrotor is presented, paying particular attention to its differential flatness property. This property is exploited in the control technique of the quadrotor, where the centroid position vector and the yaw angle are taken as flat output vectors. Subsequently, the concept of maneuver is introduced, focusing on a circular path and proposing a maneuver regulation technique. This technique is widely applied in collision avoidance problems, given that the robot has to follow geometrical references. The adopted spatial trajectory is defined in terms of the circumference radius and tangential velocity. At this point, quadrotors are treated as general agents, belonging to a distributed cooperative network of agents, divided into leaders and followers. Indeed, a novel bearing-based approach is exploited to steer the followers to pursue a target formation, leaving the leaders unconstrained. For that reason, circular maneuver regulation techniques have been applied to them. The main contribution of this thesis is the validation of both the maneuver regulator and the bearing-based formation control technique. The simulation is based on the ROS 2 Toolbox ChoiRbot, where a cooperative multi-agent network can be easily managed. The code was implemented in Python, and thanks to its scalability with respect to the number of agents, formation algorithms with geometrical constraints of the maneuver can be performed.
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YOSHIDA, Takuya, and 琢哉 吉田. "怒り感情制御方略の選択に及ぼす驚きへの焦点化および混合感情の影響." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16140.
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LE, CONTEL CAROLE, and Pierre-André Cazenave. "Regulation de la production de tnf et d'il-6 chez la souris par des agents endogenes ou exogenes." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066536.
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Les cytokines sont des proteines impliquees dans la regulation de l'immunite. Le travail presente porte sur la regulation de la production de cytokines par des agents endogenes (corticoides, cytokines) ou exogenes (immunostimulant: le muramyl dipeptide, mdp). Le modele utilise est celui de la reponse a un immunostimulant puissant le lipopolysaccharide (lps) in vivo chez la souris et in vitro au niveau des macrophages. Une regulation differentielle de la production de deux cytokines (tnf et il-6) exercee par les glucocorticoides a ete mise en evidence: ils ont un role limitant ou inhibant sur les taux seriques de tnf et n'ont pas ou peu d'effets sur ceux de l'il-6. La production de tnf induite par le lps est augmentee (effet priming) par un pretraitement par le mdp mais aussi par le tnf lui-meme. L'il-1 en revanche inhibe les taux seriques de tnf. Au contraire, la production d'il-6 est augmentee par le mdp, le tnf et l'il-1. L'effet de l'il-1 sur la production de tnf est indirect et du a l'augmentation des taux seriques de corticoides. Par contre, l'effet priming du tnf et du mdp sur la production de cytokines est direct et observe ex vivo et in vitro. Nos resultats suggerent que la stimulation de l'axe neuroendocrinien par l'il-1 pourrait representer un mecanisme de regulation endogene de la production de tnf. Ce mecanisme serait selectif puisque la production d'il-6 n'est pas inhibee par les corticoides ou l'il-1. Enfin, l'effet priming du mdp qui se traduit par l'augmentation de l'accumulation des arnm du tnf, de l'il-1 et de l'il-6 souligne le role des cytokines dans les mecanismes d'action de cet immunostimulant
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Paun, Andrea. "Regulator T cells in murine AIDS." University of Western Australia. Microbiology and Immunology Discipline Group, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0115.
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[Truncated abstract] In the last ten years regulator T (Tr) cells have re-emerged as an integral part of the immune system. Research in this field has rapidly demonstrated the role of these cells in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and their involvement in disease. Tr cells are generated in the thymus as a normal part of the developing immune system. Furthermore, antigen-specific Tr cells are induced in the periphery by a mechanism which is yet to be completely elucidated, but is likely to involve dendritic cells. Tr cells play an important role in autoimmune disease, transplantation tolerance, cancer. Most recently Tr cell involvement has been demonstrated in a growing number of infectious diseases. Tr cell induction was reported in Friend Virus infection at the commencement of this study, and subsequent to publication of our findings have also been identified in FIV and HIV. Murine AIDS (MAIDS) is a fatal chronic retroviral infection induced in susceptible strains of mice by infection with BM5d, a replication defective virus, in a viral mixture which is designated LP-BM5. The manipulation of Tr cells detailed in this thesis and the related publication represent the first reported therapy utilising targeted removal of Tr cells. Chapter 1 summarises the literature relevant to this study up to November 2004. Chapter 2 details the materials and methodologies used in this work. Chapter 3 investigates whether Tr cells are involved in the development of murine AIDS, particularly in the early stages of infection. The data presented in this chapter provides evidence of a population of CD4+ Tr cells which express CD25 on their cell surface and secrete TGF-β, some IL-10 and low levels of IL-4 are induced following infection with LP-BM5. These cells were found to arise by day 12 post infection (pi) by flow cytometry and immunosuppressive cytokine expression was found to peak at day 16 pi indicating a role in the early stages of disease progression. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of therapeutically targeting these induced Tr cells using the antimitotic agent Vinblastine during their induction period. The efficacy of treatment was found to be time dependent and was shown to abrogate disease progression maximally when given at day 14 pi. Treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody was also found to be efficacious at day 14 pi and confirmed the identity of the Tr cells as being CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that the return of these cells to a successfully treated host results in renewed MAIDS progression, confirming their role in disease progression
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Pérez, Salvia Montserrat. "Epigenetic regulation of lysine acetylation: targeting writers, readers and erasers in cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667923.
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Cancer is considered nowadays a genetic and epigenetic disease. Aberrancies in epigenetic marks in DNA and histone tails together with alterations in epigenetic regulators responsible of catalyzing these marks have been shown to be crucial in tumorigenesis. These epigenetic regulators are commonly known as writers, readers and erasers. The plasticity of the epigenetic landscape compared to the unchangeable nature of genetic alterations has led to an increasing interest in the last years in finding specific drugs able to modulate and correct the epigenetic aberrancies present in tumors. At present, there are six epigenetic drugs already used in the clinics for the treatment of hematological cancers, two DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and four Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors. There is also a vast number of clinical trials ongoing with several drugs targeting the epigenetic modulators of the epigenome. The fact that some HDAC inhibitors are already in clinics makes particularly interesting the study of histone acetylation and its enzymatic regulators. Thus, lysine acetylation is regulated by:
1) Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) responsible of adding the acetylation mark in histone tails, being the ‘writers’; 2) Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) that remove the acetyl group acting as ‘erasers’ and 3) the bromodomains are the ‘readers’, that bind to acetyl groups and doing so recruit to specific sites in chromatin other molecular machinery involved in DNA-related processes. Moreover, it has also been described that HDACs and HATs also regulate acetylation in proteins different from histones but also very important in cancer such as the well-known p53 or Myc. The present Doctoral Thesis has been devoted to study epigenetic regulators involved in acetylation of histones and non-histones substrates, as also its targeting with small-inhibitors in cancer. The project was divided in three lines of study. Study I: We investigated the role of the HAT KAT6B in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). We reported that KAT6B undergoes homozygous deletion in SCLC and that it has tumor suppressor-like properties in vitro and in vivo in this type of cancer. KAT6B catalyzes the acetylation of lysine 23 of histone H3, being the first acetylation site described for this protein. Moreover, KAT6B impairment predicts an increased sensitivity to Irinotecan in SCLC models. Study II: Our objective was to unveil the molecular implications of bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 treatment in breast cancer. We found that JQ1 decreases cell viability in human
luminal breast cancer cell lines and downregulates PDZK1 and BCAS1, two important genes in breast cancer tumorigenesis. In addition, JQ1 used as curative treatment in a luminal breast cancer mice model leads to the appearance of smaller tumors. As a preventive treatment in the same mice model JQ1 treatment increases overall survival and delays the offset of the tumors. Study III: We studied a new HDAC6 inhibitor (QTX125) in cancer. We found that this new drug is highly specific for HDAC6 over the other HDACs and increases acetylation levels of α-tubulin, a well-known target of HDAC6, in a dose-dependent manner. It has antitumoral effect in 48 human cancer cell lines and Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cell lines are highly sensitive to QTX125. This drug induces apoptosis by cleavage of Caspase 3, 8 and 9 and PARP in vitro in MCL and it also exerts antitumoral effect by decreasing tumor growth in MCL xenografts. Interestingly, we observed that MCL primary cells from patients are more sensitive to QTX125 than PBMCs, CD3+ and CD19+ cell from healthy donorsEl cáncer se define actualmente como una enfermedad genética y epigenética. En los tumores son frecuentes las alteraciones en marcas epigenéticas en el ADN y en colas de histonas, así como en las enzimas reguladoras de estas marcas, denominadas escritoras, lectoras o borradoras. Concretamente, la marca de acetilación está regulada por: 1) Histonas acetiltransferasas (HATs); 2) Histonas deacetilasas (HDACs) y 3) bromodominios. Además, estas enzimas también pueden regular la acetilación de otras proteínas importantes en cáncer diferentes a las histonas. Una de las ventajas de la epigenética frente a la genética es la naturaleza reversible de las marcas epigenéticas. Por ello, es interesante el estudio de fármacos que permitan modular y corregir las aberraciones epigenéticas presentes en los tumores. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo el estudio de los reguladores epigenéticos de la acetilación de histonas y otras proteínas en cáncer, así como su tratamiento con inhibidores específicos. El proyecto fue dividido en tres líneas de estudio. Estudio I: Estudiamos el papel de la HAT KAT6B en cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas (SCLC). Describimos la deleción homocigota de KAT6B y su papel como supresor tumoral en SCLC y encontramos que KAT6B acetila la lisina 23 de la histona H3. Además, esta deleción predice una elevada sensibilidad al fármaco irinotecán en SCLC. Estudio II: Centrado en estudiar las implicaciones moleculares del fármaco inhibidor de bromodominios JQ1 en cáncer de mama de tipo luminal. JQ1 reduce el crecimiento tumoral in vitro disminuyendo la expresión de PDZK1 y BCAS1, dos genes importantes en cáncer de mama. JQ1 también disminuye el desarrollo tumoral, aumenta la supervivencia y retrasa la aparición de tumores en un modelo murino de cáncer de mama luminal. Estudio III: Consiste en el estudio de un nuevo fármaco (QTX125) inhibidor de HDAC6 en cáncer. Reportamos su efecto antitumoral en cáncer, y una elevada sensibilidad en linfoma de células del manto (MCL). QTX125 es altamente específico para HDAC6 e inhibe el crecimiento tumoral in vitro e in vivo en este tipo de linfoma. Además, células primarias de pacientes de MCL son más sensibles a QTX125 que PBMCs procedentes de donantes sanos.