Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ageing in Japan

Academic literature on the topic 'Ageing in Japan'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ageing in Japan"

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Uesugi, Li-Mei Chen. "Productive ageing in Japan." China Journal of Social Work 3, no. 2-3 (July 2010): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2010.492638.

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Maeda, D., K. Teshima, H. Sugisawa, and Y. S. Asakura. "Ageing and health in Japan." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 4, no. 2 (April 1989): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00116392.

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Law, Chee-Hong. "Population Ageing and Price Level in Japan." Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies 58, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjes.vol58no2.8.

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This paper estimates the cointegration between population ageing and inflation in Japan using the augmented autoregressive distributed lag model. The method provides a complete indication of cointegration and avoids false conclusions from a unit root test. Moreover, the transmission channel from ageing to the price level is investigated using the pairwise Granger causality. Based on the annual data from 1961 to 2018, a cointegration relationship is found, and the deflationary effect of ageing in Japan is confirmed. Additionally, the young dependency ratio inflates the price level in Japan. Lastly, ageing influences the price level via its impact on the labour supply.
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Saito, Ikuo. "Fading Ricardian Equivalence in Ageing Japan." IMF Working Papers 16, no. 194 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475541649.001.

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Tsuno, Norifumi, and Akira Homma. "Ageing in Asia—The Japan Experience." Ageing International 34, no. 1-2 (May 13, 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12126-009-9032-9.

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IKEGAMI, NAOKI. "Growing old in Japan." Age and Ageing 27, no. 3 (1998): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/27.3.277.

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Oliver, Mikiko. "Population ageing and economic growth in Japan." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, no. 11/12 (October 12, 2015): 841–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2015-0018.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine how population ageing is related to economic growth as measured by real GDP per capita in Japan. This study is to address the following questions: first, how is population composition by age group related to economic change? Second, how is the dependency ratio related to economic change? And finally, what are the predictions for economic growth in the future? This study answers these questions in relation to Japan. Design/methodology/approach – Regression methods were applied to single-country data for the period 1975-2011. Findings – This study finds that an increase in the 70-74 population age group is associated with a decrease in economic growth, while an increase in the 75 and over population age group is associated with an increase in economic growth in Japan. Research limitations/implications – The relationships that were found in this study do not imply causation from demographic change to economic change. Practical implications – One potential way of promoting sustainable economic growth under conditions of population ageing is to devise a comprehensive policy that focuses on demographic factors. Originality/value – This study analyses population ageing and economic growth in Japan using single-country data by applying regression methods.
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MacKellar, Landis, and David Horlacher. "Population Ageing in Japan: A Brief Survey." Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 13, no. 4 (December 2000): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13511610020017381.

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Pearce, Fred. "Japan pioneers ageing populations of the future." New Scientist 221, no. 2951 (January 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(14)60066-x.

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Shoji, Tetsuo. "Materials Ageing Degradation Programme in Japan and Proactive Ageing Management in NPP." EPJ Web of Conferences 51 (2013): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20135104001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ageing in Japan"

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Fox, Timothy Giles. "Population ageing, employment practices, the labour market and government policy in Japan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1994. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28712/.

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The thesis is concerned with the impact of population ageing on the future trends of male employment and unemployment in Japan, since it is thought that rising unemployment amongst older people will increase the dependency rate, leading to a reduction in capital accumulation and slower economic growth. The study is based on material and data obtained while researching in Japan for one year and draws heavily on Japanese-language sources. First, the role of rapidly falling fertility in stimulating economic growth in Japan is examined, followed by a detailed analysis of employment practices across different sizes of company in Japan that draws on surveys published by government and private institutions. It is found that existing analyses of Japanese employment practices ignore the importance of workforce age structure in internal labour markets. An efficiency age structure hypothesis that stresses labour demand rigidities is formulated: it is hypothesised that large firms with internal labour markets attempt to maintain a given internal age structure to maximise workforce efficiency. This behaviour implies that as the population ages, the unemployment rate of older men will rise. The implications of this hypothesis are examined at a micro level through an analysis of the adjustments firms have made to employment practices; and at the macro level through an analysis of the macro labour market. The absorptive capacity of small companies and self-employment for older men was examined using cohort analysis. Finally the impact of government policy on the labour market for older men is examined and assessed. Government policy is divided into two main categories: labour market intervention and public pension reform. The thesis indicates that raising the pension eligibility age will not reduce dependency unless employment practices that generate unemployment of older people are changed.
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Miller, Elizabeth Jill, and jill miller@anu edu au. "Both borrowers and lenders: Time banks and the aged in Japan." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080618.143218.

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The rapid ageing of Japan’s population is occurring in the midst of accelerating social change, causing a rethinking about what it means to grow old. Some older Japanese are pioneering new models for ageing through their involvement in groups known as time banks. These are non-profit organisations which trade time, a universal possession, rather than conventional currency for services. Time given in volunteering is banked for future redemption as assistance for the giver, with points paid per hour. This first study of the impact of time banks on the lives of older Japanese members aims to chart how such groups can help both their senior members and society as a whole.¶ Time banks now exist across the globe but the world’s first time bank was established in 1973 by a Japanese woman. She aspired to create a new form of currency that could give people greater control of their lives and foster warmer community links. The benefits that older time bank members derive include formation of new friendship networks to replace those lost by retirement and the chance to use old skills and learn new ones. Time banks can generate a new form of social capital that fosters traditional Japanese reciprocity and has ikigai or ‘sense of meaning in life’ as one of its main pillars.¶ This research is based on both three-months of fieldwork in Japan and an extensive literature review in Japanese, English and Chinese. It has been by aided by accessibility to the thoughts of the founders of four major time banks through their books and also by their group web sites. My study follows on from an MPhil thesis that compared ageing in China and Japan and draws on my experience living in Japan for 10 years between 1979 and 1991 in both Kansai and Kanto.¶ The literature indicates that social participation is a crucial component for maintaining both psychological and physical health in the later years. While this is a qualitative study and there is yet to be a qualitative review of the effects of time banks in Japan, feedback I received from older members of the first time bank shows that time banks can foster a meaningful later life. ¶ The 21st century has been dubbed that of the aged as greater mass longevity boosts their numbers to unprecedented levels. This thesis questions whether organizations such as time banks can make a significant difference to the quality of life that older people enjoy in this new era. The theoretical framework examines whether the social exchange that these groups nurture can enhance the social capital of their communities, creating a positive image for ageing.
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Kavedžija, Iza. "Meaning in life : tales from aging Japan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:feac1aa8-f74f-44d2-a089-8fcf5eee6d6d.

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Amidst widespread concerns about aging on several levels ranging from the personal to the societal, this dissertation examines the construction of meaning in life and older age in contemporary Japan. Based on an ethnographic account of a community salon in Southern Osaka, it explores the experiences of older people and their ideas of the good and meaningful life, while arguing that than an anthropology of the elderly can reveal a far wider scope of issues than aging alone. Drawing on a socio-narratological approach, I show how stories connect people, form a shared body of knowledge, inform our understanding of the everyday, and provide frameworks for our choices. I argue that the capacity of narratives to create coherence and make sense of seemingly random and unconnected events can help to reveal existential issues, and that narrative analysis may therefore be a powerful tool for creating an existential anthropology capable of elucidating and understanding deeply personal dilemmas in their social and cultural context. The ethnography and life stories of elderly salon goers, volunteers and others involved in a local Non-Profit Organisation raise important issues of autonomy and dependence, sociality and isolation, care and concern. People express concern for others through practices ranging from gift-giving, visiting, balanced forms of polite yet friendly discourse, the provision of information, and volunteering in the salon and beyond. I argue that older Japanese are as much providers of care as recipients of it, thereby challenging the constructed image of the elderly as frail and dependent, even though maintaining independence relies paradoxically on cultivating multiple dependencies on others. Navigating the tensions between the benefits of rich social ties and a desired level of separation in which the burden imposed is minimised, or between dependence and freedom, emerges as central to the balancing acts required for living well.
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Miller, Elizabeth Jill. "Burden of care: Ageing in urban Japan and China, the family and the State." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2002. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/62b59aa5e8cc5cfbda5bc47194b8aad083654c58ee1e900e2d64b1fdf4f0fbc6/1097376/65001_downloaded_stream_226.pdf.

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This thesis examines how rapid demographic, social and economic changes are impacting on traditional care for the urban aged in China and Japan as both experience world record rates of ageing caused by greater longevity and lower birth rates. The challenge for their governments is to foster active contribution by the healthy aged to society and protection for the frail aged. China lags behind Japan in special treatment for senior citizens. The manner in which these two countries handle the ageing of their populations could provide valuable lessons for Australia in the future.
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Miller, Elizabeth Jill, and res cand@acu edu au. "Burden of Care: Ageing in urban China and Japan: Gender, the family and the state." Australian Catholic University. School of Social Work, 2002. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp22.29082005.

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This thesis examines how rapid demographic, social and economic changes are impacting on traditional care for the urban aged in China and Japan as both experience world record rates of ageing caused by greater longevity and lower birth rates. The challenge for their governments is to foster active contribution by the healthy aged to society and protection for the frail aged. China lags behind Japan in special treatment for senior citizens. The manner in which these two countries handle the ageing of their populations could provide valuable lessons for Australia in the future.
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Lill, Felix [Verfasser]. "Conflict or solidarity? Intergenerational relations in the face of population ageing. A comparison of Germany and Japan / Felix Lill." Berlin : Hertie School of Governance, Library and Information Services, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165354802/34.

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Blad, Torsten. "Kvinnor och invandring i ett åldrande Japan : En poststrukturalistisk diskursanalys av problemrepresentation i japansk policy." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-84742.

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This study applies a poststructural discourse analysis developed by Carol Bacchi, called the WPR-approach, on Japanese ageing society-related policy. It utilises Foucauldian ideas about how policy creates rather than discovers ‘problems’ through representation, and what effects this can have. The purpose of the study is to analyse how the problems around women and immigration are represented in Japanese policy, if this representation has been affected by the ageing society, and what effects it may have on the people and politics of the country. The results show that both women and immigrants are mainly represented as resources for economic growth. Policy proposals show signs of having been affected by the ageing society, but the representation in the policies indicate that underlying social ideas about gender and immigration are not addressed. A conclusion is drawn that this focus may result in a lack of politics which tackle harmful traditional gender norms and xenophobia.
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Buhnik, Sophie. "Métropole de l'endroit et métropole de l'envers : décroissance urbaine, vieillissement et mobilités dans les périphéries de l'aire métropolitaine d'Osaka, Japon." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010618.

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Les couronnes périurbaines des métropoles du Japon, où s’est installée une classe moyenne enrichie par la Haute croissance, sont aujourd’hui soumises à des processus cumulés de déclin qui détériorent l’accès quotidien aux ressources urbaines. Ces mutations soulèvent des questions pionnières sur les enjeux du vieillissement des espaces périurbains, que cette thèse analyse au prisme de l’évolution des mobilités dans l’aire métropolitaine d’Ōsaka. Sont ainsi mesurés les effets de l’hybridation néolibérale de l’État développeur japonais sur les recompositions d’une métropole touchée par la diminution en cours de la population nationale. L’approche théorique de cette thèse articule les débats internationaux sur les villes en décroissance à des sources japonaises interrogeant les liens entre déclin urbain, vieillissement et mobilités grâce à l’usage de concepts occidentaux. Cette grille de lecture appuie une cartographie pluri-scalaire des interactions entre déclin urbain et mobilités dans l’aire métropolitaine d’Ōsaka. Les résultats montrent comment le déclin des banlieues, attribué au vieillissement démographique, est aussi le pendant d’une recentralisation des trajectoires résidentielles, de la production immobilière et des activités des opérateurs ferroviaires. Ces processus traduisent un renversement des paradigmes d’aménagement visant à maintenir la compétitivité de Tōkyō, que la promotion de la ville compacte sert à légitimer, et ils accentuent le déclin des banlieues peu attractives, où la motorisation progresse. A l’épreuve de la spécialisation socio-résidentielle et des pratiques individuelles observées grâce aux enquêtes de terrain qui complètent ce travail, cette thèse discute les apports et limites des stratégies d’ancrage choisies par les acteurs locaux pour résister à la force des centralités métropolitaines. Il s’ensuit une dualisation des relations à la ville qui reconfigure à l’intérieur des agglomérations un découpage de l’espace entre Japon de l’endroit et de l’envers. Il en surgit un récit plus complexe que celui d’un rejet de la vie périurbaine au Japon
In Japan, the suburbia used to represent a space where an affluent middle class could realise its home-ownership aspirations. But these suburbs are now vulnerable to cumulative processes of decline which are deteriorating daily access to urban resources. Such changes raise precursory questions about the necessity to adapt growth-based paradigms to the challenges of suburban aging. Our thesis analyses them through the lens of evolving mobilities in the Ōsaka metropolitan area. It opens the way for an integrated approach to the impacts of the neoliberal hybridization of the Japanese Developmental State on the country’s second-city region, whose dynamics are destabilized by the Tōkyō uni-polar concentration and shrinking demographics. First, our theoretical framework articulates international debates on the globalization of the shrinking city phenomenon, to Japanese research who questions the links between urban de-growth, ageing and mobilities by drawing on Western concepts. Then, a multilevel mapping of the relations between de-growth and mobilities serves to test our hypotheses. Our results show that depopulation trends in suburban areas are reinforced by inward mobilities, a recentralization of real-estate development and a rescaling of railway networks. It makes sense within a context where a reversal of planning paradigms is meant to restore Tōkyō’s competitiveness and legitimized by compact city discourses. These processes reshape the traditional division of Japan’s territory between omote (front, globally connected) and ura (back, hinterland). Our work finally relies on the findings of field studies conducted inside two surburbs of Ōsaka. The socio-residential specialization and individual practices observed there lead us to discuss the benefits and limits of the hometown-making strategies designed to attract new residents. These results flesh out a picture of an everyday relation to the suburban way of life that is more complex than the belief in its rejection by the Japanese, young and old
高度経済成長で豊かになった中流階級が転入した日本の大都市圏の郊外は昨今様々な衰退問題を抱え、 そのせいで住民の都市施設へのアクセスが徐々に困難になった。公共政策は大都市圏の高齢化問題 を如何に解決できるかという新たな質問が浮上した。本論文は大阪大都市圏における人間移動の変容 を通じてその質問に答えることを目的にする。上記の変化を中心に、少子化と1990年に崩壊したバブ ルの影響を東京より強く受けた大阪大都市圏の再構成に対する日本政治経済危機の作用を分析する。本論文は都市衰退、高齢化と移動の関係を問う日本語で書いてある資料と縮退都市に関する国際的な 討論を結ぶ理論的な観点に基づいている。このアプローチを、大阪大都市圏における縮退都市と移動 の相互関係を明確にする多様な地図の利用によって裏付けられている。本論文で得られた結果によると、郊外の衰退は高齢化のみならず、日本人の住居移動、建設会社や鉄 道会社の活動の集中化による現象でもあることが分かる。新自由主義化している土建国家を背景に（鈴木、2014年）、上記の変化は東京の競争力を維持しようとする都市計画のパラダイムの逆転を示してる。都市圏内の空間の区分が再編されることにより、表のメトロポリタン日本と裏の衰退する日本 が現れる。現在、この現象は、高度経済成長より自動車化している魅力の少ない郊外の密度減少を強 調している。大都市圏の郊外に位置する二つの都市で行った補足的なフィールド調査は、新たな交通 手段の活発的な発展にも関わらず、住民の最近の自動車化の要因を明らかにしている。本論文は、住 民の生活水準に影響されている住宅用地や個人的な行動から見て、大都市圏の求心力に対抗しようと する現地のアクターによって実行されている家族や地区を中心にした都市計画の効果と限界を明確に する。本論文は、日本人が郊外生活から脱出したがっているという通説より、もっと複雑な語りを進 めている。
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Lebo, Franklin Barr. "Between Bureaucracy and Democracy: Regulating Administrative Discretion in Japan." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1365802091.

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Ficher-Orzechowska, Ewa. "Labour supply in ageing economies : a comparison of Japan and Australia." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150860.

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Books on the topic "Ageing in Japan"

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Population decline and ageing in Japan: The social consequences. New York: Routledge, 2007.

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Conrad, Harald. Human resource management in ageing societies: Perspectives from Japan and Germany. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Landis, MacKellar, Economic and Social Research Institute., and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis., eds. The economic impacts of population ageing in Japan: Landis MacKellar ... [et al.]. Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub., 2004.

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Nihon no akutibu eijingu: "shōshika suru kōrei shakai" no atarashii ikikata = Active ageing in Japan : new lifestyle in "ageing society with declining birthrate". Sapporo-shi: Hokkaidō Daigaku Shuppankai, 2014.

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Urbanization, United Nations International Conference on Ageing Populations in the Context of. Ageing and urbanization: Proceedings of the United Nations International Conference on Ageing Populations in the Context of Urbanization, Sendai (Japan), 12-16 September 1988. New York: United Nations, 1991.

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United, Nations International Conference on Ageing Populations in the Context of the Family (1990 Kitakyūshū Japan). Ageing and the family: Proceedings of the United Nations International Conference on Ageing Populations in the Context of the Family, Kitakyushu (Japan), 15-19 October 1990. New York: United Nations, 1994.

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1957-, Doyle William, ed. Japanese women don't get old or fat: Delicious slimming and anti-ageing secrets. London: Vermilion, 2006.

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The gift of generations: Japanese and American perspectives on aging and the social contract. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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Luis, Antunes, and Takadama Keiki 1970-, eds. Multi-agent-based simulation VII: International workshop, MABS 2006, Hakodate, Japan, May 8, 2006 : revised and invited papers. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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Lin, Padgham, and Zambonelli Franco 1966-, eds. Agent-oriented software engineering VII: 7th international workshop, AOSE 2006, Hakodate, Japan, May 8, 2006 : revised and invited papers. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ageing in Japan"

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Luk, Sabrina Ching Yuen. "Japan." In Ageing, Long-term Care Insurance and Healthcare Finance in Asia, 60–78. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in the modern world economy: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315115689-4.

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Maruyama, Tomonori. "Enriching the Lives of Seniors in Japan (Ikigai Healthy Ageing Policy in Japan)." In Healthy Ageing in Asia, 63–71. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003043270-5.

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Otsuki, Toshio. "Community design to prevent solitary death in super-aged Japan." In Creative Ageing Cities, 185–204. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-9.

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Sako, Katsura, and Sarah Falcus. "Care, Generations and Reciprocity in Children's Picturebooks in Japan." In Contemporary Narratives of Ageing, Illness, Care, 177–99. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003058618-11.

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Nakamura, Jiro. "Effects of Support Measures on Employment of Elderly People in Japan." In Human Resource Management in Ageing Societies, 125–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582750_7.

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Nakamura, Keisuke. "The Performance-based Salary System and Personnel Management Reforms in Japan." In Human Resource Management in Ageing Societies, 157–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582750_9.

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Linner, Thomas, Bernhard Ellmann, and Thomas Bock. "Ubiquitous Life Support Systems for an Ageing Society in Japan." In Ambient Assisted Living, 31–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18167-2_3.

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Conrad, Harald, Viktoria Heindorf, and Franz Waldenberger. "Demographic Challenges for Human Resource Management Practices and Labour Market Policies in Japan and Germany — an Overview." In Human Resource Management in Ageing Societies, 1–12. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582750_1.

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Wolff, Birgitta, Marjaana Gunkel, and Sebastian Wenzke. "Effects of Institutions on Human Capital Investment: A Comparison of Policies in Japan, Germany and the USA." In Human Resource Management in Ageing Societies, 43–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582750_4.

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Tose, Akira, and Dounia Tazi. "Careers Surpassing a Half-Century: A Look at Japan and France." In Managing Future Challenges for Safety, 51–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07805-7_6.

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AbstractIn Japan, population ageing is leading the government to raise the retirement age to beyond 70, and even to 75 by 2040. This policy of maintaining older workers in employment is compelling companies to provide job opportunities to people with up to 50 years of work experience. This has consequences on the updating of skills—particularly, those related to new technologies, on employee engagement and motivation, on the management of age-related constraints in workstation ergonomics and work organisation, and it could pose a serious threat to safety. This chapter aims to describe the situation in Japan and the possible solutions put forward to overcome challenges. It then invites reflection on the management of longer careers in France and in Europe, where population projections also point to an increasingly aged population by 2040.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ageing in Japan"

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Towhata, Ikuo. "Progress of Liquefaction Ageing in Seismically Active Japan." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481455.045.

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Tatsuoka, Fumio. "Effects of Viscous Properties and Ageing on the Stress-Strain Behaviour of Geomaterials." In First Japan-U.S. Workshop on Testing, Modeling, and Simulation. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40797(172)1.

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Miyano, Hiroshi, Naoto Sekimura, Masayuki Takizawa, and Masaaki Matsumoto. "Review of Pipe Wall Thinning Mechanism Study and its National Project in Japan." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-58023.

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For nuclear power plants, the four major requirements are 1) high safety, 2) high reliability, 3) economical competitiveness, and 4) minimum environmental impact. However, it is still difficult to completely avoid problems concerning structural materials caused by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and for piping systems caused by flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) and liquid drop impingement (LDI). Since especially FAC and LDI are uncertain phenomena as pipe wall thinning, there are the piping rupture accident risks on all piping systems under the specific conditions. In Japan, after August 2004, the accident of the secondary pipe rupture in Mihama Power Plant Unit 3, The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. (KEPCO), R&D projects on pipe wall thinning phenomena and mechanism have been employed by many organizations. On the other hand, evaluation of the safety and reliability of piping systems of long term operating plants and with the special attention to seismic condition have been requested. It was requested to enable evaluation of pipe wall thinning and its reliability with more accuracy. This project was programmed under the government budget from 2006 to 2010 fiscal year according to the Strategy Load-Map for Ageing Management generated by the society of industry, government and academia [1]. As the milestone for the first half decade of the load-map, the project had these achievements: 1) Establish computer program for FAC simulation, 2) Clarify droplet behavior for LDI prediction, 3) Simplified calculation model of pipe wall thinning for seismic evaluation, 4) Evaluate safety margin of thinned piping by FAC or LDI.
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Katsuyama, Jinya, Kazuya Osakabe, Shumpei Uno, Yinsheng Li, and Shinobu Yoshimura. "Guideline on Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis for Japanese Reactor Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65921.

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In Japan, to prevent nil-ductile fracture of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) due to neutron irradiation embrittlement, deterministic fracture mechanics evaluation in accordance with the standards developed by the Japan Electric Association is performed for assessing the structural integrity of RPVs under pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events considering neutron irradiation embrittlement. In recent years, a structural integrity assessment methodology based on probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) has been introduced into the regulations in the United States and a few European countries. PFM is a rational methodology for evaluating the failure frequency of important pressure boundary components by considering the statistical distributions of various influence factors related to ageing due to the long-term operation. At Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), a PFM analysis code called PASCAL has been developed to evaluate the failure frequency of RPVs considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and PTS events. In addition, JAEA has developed a guideline for the PFM based structural integrity assessment of RPVs to promote the applicability of PFM in Japan and achieve the objective that an engineer/analyst who familiar with the fracture mechanics to perform PFM analyses and evaluate through-wall cracking frequency (TWCF) of RPVs easily. The guideline consists of a main body (general requirements), explanation (guidance), and several supplements. The technical basis for PFM analysis is also provided, and the new information and better fracture mechanics models are included in the guideline. In this paper, an overview of the guideline and some typical analysis results obtained based on the guideline and the Japanese database related to PTS evaluation are presented.
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Yamashita, Norimichi, Masanobu Iwasaki, Koji Dozaki, and Naoki Soneda. "Industry Practice for the Neutron Irradiation Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels in Japan." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75322.

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Neutron irradiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel steels (RPVs) is one of the important material ageing issues. In Japan, almost 40 years have past since the first plant started its commercial operation, and several plants are expected to become beyond 40 years old in the near future. Thus, the safe operation based on the appropriate recognition of the neutron irradiation embrittlement is inevitable to ensure the structural integrity of RPVs. The amount of the neutron irradiation embrittlement of RPV steels has been monitored and predicted by the complementally use of surveillance program and embrittlement correlation method. Recent surveillance data suggest some discrepancies between the measurements and predictions of the embrittlement in some old BWR RPV steels with high impurity content. Some discrepancies of PWR RPV surveillance data from the predictions have also been recognized in the embrittlement trend. Although such discrepancies are basically within a scatter band, the increasing necessity of the improvement of the predictive capability of the embrittlement correlation method has been emphasized to be prepared for the future long term operation. Regarding the surveillance program, on the other hand, only one original surveillance capsule, except for the reloaded capsules containing Charpy broken halves, is available in some BWR plants. This situation strongly pushed establishing a new code for a new surveillance program, where the use of the reloading and reconstitution of the tested specimens is specified. The Japan Electric Association Code, JEAC 4201–2007 “Method of Surveillance Tests for Structural Materials of Nuclear Reactors,” was revised in December, 2007, in order to address these issues. A new mechanism-guided embrittlement correlation method was adopted. The surveillance program was modified for the long term operation of nuclear plants by introducing the “long-term surveillance program”, which is to be applied for the operation beyond 40 years. The use of the reloading, re-irradiation and reconstitution of the tested Charpy/fracture toughness specimens is also specified in the new revision. This paper reports the application and practice of the JEAC4201–2007 in terms of the prediction of embrittlement and the use of tested surveillance specimens in Japan.
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Liao, Mengyuan, Toshihiko Hojo, Guijun Xian, Yuqiu Yang, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Environmental Degradation Behavior of Kenaf Fiber Mat Composite." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38248.

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Nowadays “eco-design” is becoming a philosophy to guide next generation of materials and products as global environmental issue produced by fossil fuels and resource overusing. With an industrial increasing interest in sustainable, eco-efficient and green material’s application, natural fiber in polymer composite is guided to develop rapidly. As well know that, natural fibers possess advantages over synthetic or manmade fibers due to its abundance, biodegradability, CO2 neutrality, excellent price/performance ratio and comparable specific strength properties. However, outdoor applications of natural fiber composite are still constrained and raising concerns in terms of their durability, including UV resistance, moisture resistance and extreme temperature withstand and dimensional stability. Continuing with previous research on kenaf non-woven reinforced unsaturated polyester composites three months degradation performance, in order to get a good knowledge of its degradation process/cycle in complicated outdoor environments, longer degradation periods up to 6 months and 12 months in this paper were added for further investigation and comparison. Initially, three sets of kenaf fiber mat composite samples were located in extreme cold temperature (Harbin), mild sea climate Kyoto (Japan), subtropical marine monsoon climate Shanghai (China) and tropical monsoon climate Zaria (Nigeria) respectively from the same starting time until predetermined ageing periods, afterwards weight change and mechanical behavior in terms of tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness were measured instrumentally for ageing effect discussion and comparison. As expected, the aged specimens in those different positions all showed the dropped mechanical properties with increasing ageing periods. Furthermore, the trend of degradation in various mechanical parameters was established, which demonstrated weight loss made more serious effect on aged sample’s mechanical properties’ reduction than water absorption behavior. In a word, dropped mechanical properties of the degraded composites accompanied with weight change behavior were clarified, in which degradation phenomenon of embrittled the matrix polymer, deteriorated reinforced fiber and interfacial properties were detected.
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Liao, Mengyuan, Umaru Semo Ishiaku, Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak, Guijun Xian, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Environmental Durability of Natural Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63415.

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With an industrial increasing interest in sustainable, eco-efficient and green material’s application, natural fiber in polymer composite is guided to develop rapidly, especially kenaf nonwovens in making automotive interior trim parts with its comparative excellent strength and renewability. The objectives of this research are to investigate the environmental degradation behavior on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/unsaturated polyester nonwoven composites (KUNC) with special reference to the influence of different geographic natural climate ageing conditions. KUNC was prepared with needle-punched kenaf’s impregnation into unsaturated polyester resin assisted with vacuum oven following by hand lay-up molding. Natural environmental degradation was performed on KUNC by exposing the specimens to Kyoto(Japan), Shanghai(China) and Harbin(China) for a period of 3 months. Weight change and mechanical properties of degraded KUNCs in former three geographic positions in terms of tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness were measured instrumentally for ageing effect discussion and comparison. As expected, the aged specimens in those different positions all showed the dropped mechanical properties with weight increasing in varying degrees. Furthermore, the result of degradation level comparison among different positions revealed the positive correlation between increased weight percentages and dropped mechanical properties. In other words, dropped mechanical properties of the degraded composites with increasing weight were attributed to the effect of water, which deteriorates the interfacial properties of composites.
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Dautreme, Emilie, Emmanuel Remy, Roman Sueur, Jean-Philippe Fontes, Karine Aubert, Naoki Soneda, Masato Yamamoto, Tim Hardin, and Ron Gamble. "MAI Benchmark Campaign of International Software for Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity Assessment." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28212.

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Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) integrity is a major issue concerning plant safety and this component is one of the few within a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) whose replacement is not considered as feasible. To ensure that adequate margins against failure are maintained throughout the vessel service life, research engineers have developed and applied computational tools to study and assess the probability of pressure vessel failure during operating and postulated loads. The Materials Ageing Institute (MAI) sponsored a benchmark study to compare the results from software developed in France, Japan and the United States to compute the probability of flaw initiation in reactor pressure vessels. This benchmark study was performed to assess the similarities and differences in the software and to identify the sources of any differences that were found. Participants in this work included researchers from EDF in France, CRIEPI in Japan and EPRI in the United States, with each organization using the probabilistic software tool that had been developed in their country. An incremental approach, beginning with deterministic comparisons and ending by assessing Conditional Probability of crack Initiation (CPI), provided confirmation of the good agreement between the results obtained from the software used in this benchmark study. This conclusion strengthens the confidence in these probabilistic fracture mechanics tools and improves understanding of the fundamental computational procedures and algorithms.
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Maruyama, Ippei, Osamu Kontani, Shohei Sawada, Osamu Sato, Go Igarashi, and Masayuki Takizawa. "Evaluation of Irradiation Effects on Concrete Structure: Background and Preparation of Neutron Irradiation Test." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98114.

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Methods for assessing the soundness of concrete exposed to irradiation are being developed within the framework of a project of the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) “Japan Ageing Management Program for System Safety”. This paper presents the background of this project and recent research works. The major reason for deterioration of concrete under irradiation conditions is expansion of aggregate due to neutron and gamma-ray irradiation. Dislocation of atoms in covalent structures of aggregate minerals, and resultant lattice constant change and alteration to amorphous phase are produced by fast neutrons. In addition, through electronic exertion, some energy deposition is accumulated as permanent distortion/strain in atomic structures. Other effects are also summarized. We plan to conduct a neutron irradiation test from May 2013. In selecting mix proportions and concrete components for the irradiation test program, sample size as a function of capsule size and gamma-heating, cement type, and aggregate size and type are determined based on preliminary experiments.
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Matsuzawa, Hiroshi, and Toru Osaki. "Fracture Toughness of Highly Irradiated Pressure Vessel Steels in the Upper Shelf Temperature." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93032.

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Nine Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Steels and four RPV weld were irradiated up to 1.2 × 1024n/m2 fast neutron fluence (E>1MeV), and their fracture toughness and Charpy impact energy were measured. As chemical compositions, such as Cu, are known to affect the fracture toughness reduction due to neutron exposure, the above steels were fabricated by changing chemical composition widely to cover the chemical composition of the RPV materials of the operating Japanese nuclear power plants. 2.7 mm thick compact specimens were used to measure the upper shelf fracture toughness of highly irradiated materials, and their Charpy upper shelf energy was also measured. By correlating Charpy upper shelf energy to fracture toughness, the upper shelf fracture toughness evaluation formulae for highly irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels were developed. Both compact and V-notched Charpy impact specimens were irradiated in a test reactor. The fast neutron flux above 1MeV was about 5 × 1016n/(m2s). Charpy impact specimens made of Japanese PWR reference material containing 0.09w% Cu were irradiated simultaneously. The upper shelf energy of the reference material up to the medium fluence level showed little difference in the reduction of upper shelf energy to that which had been in the operating plant and which was irradiated to the same fluence. The developed correlation formulae have been adopted in the Japan Electric Association Code as new formulae to predict the fracture toughness in the upper shelf region of reactor pressure vessels. They will be applied to time limited ageing analysis of low upper shelf reactor pressure vessels in Japan, on a concrete technical basis in very high fluence regions.
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Reports on the topic "Ageing in Japan"

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Bercovier, Herve, and Paul Frelier. Pathogenic Streptococcus in Tilapia: Rapid Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568776.bard.

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Within the project "Pathogenic Streptococcus in Tilapia", gram positive cocci pathogens of fish in Israel and in the United States were characterized. We showed that Streptococcus shiloi, the name for an agent causing septicemic infection in fish, is a junior synonym of Streptococcus iniae and that Enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of Lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicemia and meningo-encephalitis in fish. Molecular epidemiology studies on these two pathogens, based on 16S rDNA sequences and ribotyping showed that although each country had specific clones, S. iniae originated probably from the U.S. and L. garvieae from Japan. PCR assays were developed for both pathogens and applied to clinical samples. S. agalactiael S. difficile was also recognized for the first time in the U.S. in tilapia. Our histopathological studies explained the noted paradox (abundant in vitro growth often accompanied by scant to small numbers of organisms within the meninges in histologic sections of brain) in diagnostic of fish streptococcus. The greatest concentration of cocci were consistently observed within macrophages infiltrating the extrameningeal fibroadipose tissue surrounding the brain within the calvarium. These results also suggests that the primary route of meningeal infection may be extension from the extrameningeal connective tissue rather than meningeal vascular emigration of cocci-containing macrophages. Our work has resulted in a cognizance of streptococcus as fish pathogen which goes beyond the pathology observed in tilapia and is already extended to many aquaculture fish species in Israel and in the United States. Finally, our data suggest that vaccines (bivalent or trivalent) could be developed to prevent most of the damages caused by streptococcus in aquaculture.
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