Journal articles on the topic 'Ageing; family change; intergenerational relationships'
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LOWENSTEIN, ARIELA, RUTH KATZ, and SIMON BIGGS. "Rethinking theoretical and methodological issues in intergenerational family relations research." Ageing and Society 31, no. 7 (September 12, 2011): 1077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000991.
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ABSTRACTThis paper introduces some key theoretical and methodological developments in the study of intergenerational family relations. It draws on observations that a number of social issues are emerging that have an intergenerational dimension, that there is growing recognition that to study adult ageing one has also to study intergenerational relationships, and that a new architecture for social relations is beginning to take shape in the wake of demographic change. How individuals, families and societies cope with such changes provokes the question of how gerontologically-informed research, theorisation and policy will also adapt. Seven positions are summarised which attempt two things. First, to map out some new conceptual directions for intergenerational research through a critical use of concepts such as transition, generational self-awareness and empathy, metaphors of cultural translation, and the deployment of social and moral capital. Second, to examine changing gender roles, the balance between family and welfare-state support frameworks, ethnicity and immigration as important elements of this process. A critical review of approaches to intergenerational relationships hopefully emerges.
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WENGER, G. CLARE, and VANESSA BURHOLT. "Differences over time in older people’s relationships with children, grandchildren, nieces and nephews in rural North Wales." Ageing and Society 21, no. 5 (September 2001): 567–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x01008406.
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Based on data from the Bangor Longitudinal Study of Ageing (BLSA) 1979–1999, this paper examines changes over time in the intergenerational relationships of older people (aged 65+ in 1979). The analysis uses quantitative and qualitative data to discuss changes from 1979–1999 for those respondents who survived in the community to 1999. It looks at mothers’ and fathers’ relationships with their adult children, grandmother and grandfather relationships with grandchildren and relationships between aunts and uncles with nieces and nephews. It identifies four different patterns of intergenerational relationships showing how the rural employment structure impacts on family structure, migration and support patterns.
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KUMARI BHAT, ANITHA, and RAJ DHRUVARAJAN. "Ageing in India: drifting intergenerational relations, challenges and options." Ageing and Society 21, no. 5 (September 2001): 621–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x0100842x.
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India, like many other developing countries in the world, is presently witnessing rapid ageing of its population. Almost eight out of 10 older people in India live in rural areas. Urbanisation, modernisation and globalisation have led to changes in economic structure, erosion of societal values and the weakening of social institutions such as the joint family. In this changing economic and social milieu, the younger generation is searching for new identities encompassing economic independence and redefined social roles within, as well as outside, the family. The changing economic structure has reduced the dependence of rural families on land, which had provided strength to bonds between generations. The traditional sense of duty and obligation of the younger generation towards their older generation is being eroded. The older generation is caught between the decline in traditional values on the one hand and the absence of an adequate social security system, on the other. This paper explores the nature and extent of the social and economic pressures that are impinging on intergenerational relationships and discusses the implications for policy towards improving the wellbeing of India’s senior citizens.
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LELIÈVRE, ÉVA, and SOPHIE LE CŒUR. "Intergenerational relationships within families of HIV-infected adults under antiretroviral treatment in Northern Thailand." Ageing and Society 32, no. 4 (May 24, 2011): 561–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000389.
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ABSTRACTThailand has been severely affected by AIDS/HIV. The epidemic has undermined the health of the population of working age, placing stress on intergenerational relations and threatening the social fabric. Older people in families affected by the disease, although not the main victims, have experienced major changes in relationships with their adult children and grandchildren. However, the availability of antiretrovirals has transformed HIV infection from a lethal to a chronic disease. Intergenerational relationships are analysed with data from a quantitative survey of HIV-infected adults currently receiving antiretroviral treatment in Northern Thailand. The introduction of antiretroviral treatment has eased the pressure on families. Where HIV-infected adults are more dependent on their older parents, it is because they are single and childless or single parents. While ageing parents remain a source of support for their adult children, the introduction of antiretroviral treatment has radically changed the prospects for HIV-infected adults and their regained health allows them to work, take care of their family and fulfil their filial duties as expected in Thai society. If Thailand's original aim in introducing health policies in this area was to curtail the HIV epidemic, its positive impact on intergenerational relations is an additional benefit.
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Zorrilla-Muñoz, Vanessa, María Silveria Agulló-Tomás, Carmen Rodríguez-Blázquez, Alba Ayala, Gloria Fernandez-Mayoralas, and Maria João Forjaz. "Ageing Perception as a Key Predictor of Self-Rated Health by Rural Older People—A Study with Gender and Inclusive Perspectives." Land 11, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030323.
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This paper investigates positive perceptions of ageing in rural people aged 65 and over as a key predictor of the self-assessment of one’s health. Method: The sample covers a total of 3389 people from the ‘Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement’ (SHARE), wave 6 (W6, 2015). This research analyses men and women who live in a rural environment. A linear regression model is proposed to consider the dependent variable ‘self-rated health’ and independent variables based on measures of quality of life in older adults. This study confirms that rural women perceive their health on the basis of factors different to those of their male contemporaries. The variable ‘How often do you feel/think that you can do the things that you want to do?’ is associated with women’s self-perceived health. In men, a high relationship (with p < 0.001) is obtained for the variables ‘How often do you feel/think look back on your life with a sense of happiness?’ and ‘How often do you feel/think that family responsibilities prevent you from doing what you want to do?’ Certain daily activities (e.g., leisure or care), along with a positive perception of life, influence one’s perceptions of one’s own health, especially in the case of women. In sum, rural older women make a positive evaluation of their own health and ageing, while rural older men relate self-rated health to passivity and reminiscing. There is a need for further research on psycho-social and socio-spatial issues from an intergenerational, technological and gender perspective for rural and territorial influences to attain better health and quality of life for rural older people in comparison to urban people.
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KNODEL, JOHN, JIRAPORN KESPICHAYAWATTANA, CHANPEN SAENGTIENCHAI, and SUVINEE WIWATWANICH. "How left behind are rural parents of migrant children? Evidence from Thailand." Ageing and Society 30, no. 5 (January 20, 2010): 811–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x09990699.
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ABSTRACTThe consequences of adult children's migration from rural areas for older parents who remain behind are keenly debated. While the mass media and international advocacy organisations favour an ‘alarmist’ view of desertion, the academic literature makes more sanguine assessments using the ‘household strategy’ and ‘modified extended family’ perspectives. We examine the relationship between the migration of adult children and various dimensions of older parents' wellbeing in Thailand using evidence from a survey that focused on the issues. The results provide little support for the alarmist view, but instead suggest that parents and adult children adapt to the social and economic changes associated with development in ways not necessarily detrimental to intergenerational relations. The migration of children, especially to urban areas, often benefits parents' material support while the recent spread of cell phones has radically increased their ability to maintain social contact. Nevertheless, changing living arrangements through increased migration and the smaller family sizes of the youngest age groups of older people pose serious challenges for aspects of filial support, especially at advanced ages when chronic illness and frailty require long-term personal care. Dealing with this emerging situation in a context of social, economic and technological change is among the most critical issues facing those concerned with the implications of rapid population ageing in Thailand and elsewhere.
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Morell, Ildikó Asztalos, Santa De, Pravina Mahadalkar, Carl Johansson, and Lena-Karin Gustafsson. "Silence or Voice? Agency Freedom among Elderly Women Living in Extended Families in Urban India." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 8779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238779.
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The preferential form of living for the elderly in India is within the extended family. India is undergoing rapid economic development, an increase in mobility, and changes in gender norms due to an increase in women’s labour force participation, which places challenges on traditional intergenerational relationships. Ageing and the well-being of the elderly is a rising concern, especially considering that their proportion of the population is expected to grow rapidly in coming decades. There is a lack of universal state provision for the elderly’s basic needs, which is especially profound for elderly women, since most do not have an independent income. This leaves the elderly dependent upon the benevolence of their adult children’s families or other relatives. This paper explores, with help of narrative analysis and critical contributions from capability theory, elderly women’s agency freedoms and how this can be contextualised with their varying capability sets. With help of Spivak’s notion of the silent subaltern, the paper anchors elderly women’s abilities to voice to their agency freedom. The master narrative of the silent supportive wife and side-lined mother-in-law as well as three counter-narratives explore alternative agencies taken by elderly women.
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Hantrais, Linda. "Socio-demographic change, policy impacts and outcomes in social Europe." Journal of European Social Policy 9, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a010186.
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The period since the establishment of the European Economic Community in 1957 has been marked by important socio-demographic changes. The population of the European Union has been ageing, family size has declined, and the family unit has become less institutionalized, placing strains on intergenerational relationships. The combination of economic, political and socio-demographic change has posed threats for social protection systems, economic performance and individual well-being, while also offering opportunities for policymakers in EU member states to review policy options, the efficacy of existing policies and the need for reform. This article examines how socio-demographic change and the social problems associated with it are experienced and perceived in different national contexts, and analyses the policy responses of governments. The outcomes of policy measures formulated and implemented by national governments are reviewed in terms of their possible impact on socio-demographic trends. The article argues that socio-demographic change would appear to have an influence on policy measures, but convincing and consistent evidence is difficult to find in support of claims that policy has a determining effect on socio-demographic trends. In conclusion, the potential for further development of social policy at EU level is considered, both in response to socio-demographic challenges and as a means of managing change. Résumé Depuis l'établissement de la Communauté économique européenne en 1957, d'impor-tants changements socio-économiques ont eu lieu. La population de l'Union européenne a vieilli, la taille des familles s'est réduite et la famille en tant qu'unité est devenue moins institutionnalisée exerçant ainsi des pressions sur les relations intergénérationnelles. La combinaison de changements économiques, politiques et démographiques constitue une menace pour les systèmes de protection sociale, les performances économiques et le bien-étre individuel. Toutefois, cela offre également la possibilité pour les décideurs politiques dans l'Union européenne de réex-aminer leur options politiques, l'efficacité des politiques menées et la nécessité de réformes. Cet article examine comment les change-ments socio-démographiques et les problèmes sociaux qui leurs sont associés, sont perçus dans différents contextes nationaux. Il analyse également les réponses politiques que les gouvernements leur ont données. Les résultats des mesures politiques élaborées et mises en place par les gouverne-ments nationaux sont passés en revue en fonction de leur impact possible sur les ten-dances socio-démographiques. Cet article défend l'hypothèse que les changements socio-démographiques semblent avoir eu une influence sur les mesures politiques, alors qu'il est difficile de trouver des preuves convain-cantes et consistantes que la politique ait eu un effet déterminant sur les tendances socio-démographiques. en conclusion, l'éventualité de développements ultérieurs de la politique sociale européenne est envisagée, du point de vue de la réponse aux défis socio-économiques et en tant que moyen de gérer le changement.
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Pereira, Henrique, Juan Pedro Serrano, Brian de Vries, Graça Esgalhado, Rosa Marina Afonso, and Samuel Monteiro. "Aging Perceptions in Older Gay and Bisexual Men in Portugal." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 87, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415017720889.
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Aims and Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions toward aging among Portuguese gay and bisexual men over 60 years old. Background Despite the growth of the older population, and the increased visibility and acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in Western countries, the experience of aging in older gay and bisexual men is only beginning to be understood. Design We used a qualitative research methodology, based on critical gerontology, for establishing research questions and to identify the perspectives on the aging process in older gay and bisexual individuals. Methods We used a structured electronic inquiry with 25 gay and bisexual men over 60 years of age from Portugal. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to help identify repeated patterns of meaning in the data set. Results The recurrent themes in the narratives of the aging experiences of the participants in the study were as follows: positive perceptions of aging, negative perceptions of aging, coping with being a gay/bisexual man and family ties, professional care, homophobia/discrimination, relationships and social support, intergenerational differences, mediating role of sexual orientation, sociopolitical changes, and personal characteristics. Conclusion Analysis of perceptions about the aging process in older gay and bisexual men emphasized the desire for normalization in the social awareness of sexual orientation. It is important to continue doing research on this topic and disseminate this information among professionals who work with older lesbian, gay, and bisexual people so that they may better understand how they can meet the specific needs of this population.
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Gangopadhyay, Jagriti, and Tannistha Samanta. "‘Family matters’." Contributions to Indian Sociology 51, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 338–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966717720962.
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This article aims to understand the complex interactions of family and intergenerational relationships in an emerging city in India. Demographic work on population ageing in India has primarily focused on family structure, health outcomes and institutional living. Though the focus of these studies has been on the Indian family, surprisingly, an in-depth study of the complex dialectic of the intergenerational relationships is often missing from the gerontological literature. Drawing from in-depth qualitative interviews in the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, this article unsettles the assumptions around filial obligation and intergenerational support. In particular, the study shows that the intergenerational social contract is mediated by the economic dependence of the ageing parents on their adult children. Our observations lend support to the construct of ambivalence (coexistence of conflict and affection) that is suggested by the dominant social-psychological paradigm of intergenerational solidarity-conflict. Additionally, the article underscores cultural meanings of identity, gender ideology and role continuity among older Indians.
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Feldman, Susan. "Ageing and intergenerational relationships: Family reciprocity from a global perspective." Australasian Journal on Ageing 30, no. 2 (June 2011): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2011.00539.x.
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Dun, Tim, and Laura Sangster. "Family Trajectories." Qualitative Communication Research 2, no. 3 (2013): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/qcr.2013.2.3.255.
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This qualitative study analyzed intergenerational relationships during a major transition: when the younger generation becomes parents. Using a modified version of the Retrospective Interview Technique, 25 new parents described unfolding changes in their relationships with one of the new grandparents (i.e., a parent or parent-in-law of the informant), beginning with the conversation when they announced the pregnancy. We found four trajectories of change. The analysis suggests that these four patterns both reproduce and challenge socially constructed expectations for new parenthood. Reflecting social expectations for substantial change, most participants’ pathways to new parent-grandparent relationships positioned birth as a central, pivotal event, a novel understanding of change in the research of turning points. In accordance with positive rhetoric in a pronatal society, nearly half of the new parents described a Peak trajectory, where childbirth was at or near the high point in the intergenerational relationship. The results also include Crisis (the inverse of the Peak trajectory), Chaotic, and Steady trajectories. Our findings add to current understandings of the ways in which social norms and expectations of childbirth may influence new parents’ intergenerational communication during this important transition.
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Tallová, Barbora. "Intergenerational Relationships Between Preschool Children and the Elderly." Lifelong Learning 10, no. 3 (2020): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele20201003333.
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In the context of demographic ageing of the population, it is necessary to focus more systematically on the elderly and the relationship between society and people of this age category. This article presents the topic of intergenerational relationships; it specifically focuses on the relationship between preschool children and the elderly. The aim of the article is to introduce the topic of intergenerational relationships with a focus on the relationships between preschool children and the elderly, analyze the current state of knowledge in the field of intergenerational relationships and specify the possibilities of developing intergenerational relationships between these groups of people. For this purpose, it is necessary to create intergenerational programs, but it is also essential to form positive attitudes in the family.
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SHENK, DENA. "Intergenerational family relationships of older women in central Minnesota." Ageing and Society 21, no. 5 (September 2001): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x01008455.
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This paper applies the family lifecourse perspective to the lives of rural older women in the Midwestern United States based on the findings of the Rural Older Women’s Project, an ethnographic study of the daily lives and systems of support of 30 women. The focus is on the relationships with children, grandchildren, and parents if they are still living, of rural older women in central Minnesota. Three case studies are used to demonstrate the full range of circumstances. From those who are still actively providing support and assistance to their own parents, children, and grandchildren, to those who are primarily the recipients of care and support, to those who are unable to receive the necessary assistance from their family system. These variations are significant in terms of the ways in which each of them face the increasing needs which often come with ageing.
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Goodman, Catherine Chase. "Intergenerational Triads in Skipped-Generation Grandfamilies." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 65, no. 3 (October 2007): 231–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ag.65.3.c.
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The past decades have seen growth in numbers of children raised by grandparents without their parent at home, called skipped-generation grandfamilies. This mixed methods study examined statements made by 459 grandmothers about core family relationships between grandmother and child, grandmother and parent, and parent and child. Families were grouped into intergenerational triad types based on patterns of closeness: all close relationships (triple-bonded), two close relationships (double-bonded), one close relationship (single-bonded), or weak relationships between all three family members (not-bonded). Well-being declined steadily for grandmothers from highest in triple-bonded, to lowest in not-bonded families, reflecting their high stake in all three core relationships. For grandchildren, well-being was low when the child failed to bond firmly to either grandmother or parent. On the other hand, children did well if they were close to their grandmother, even when substance abusing parents were emotionally isolated in the family, suggesting resilient children overcome parental neglect when provided with good grandparent care.
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PRINZEN, KATRIN. "Intergenerational ambivalence: new perspectives on intergenerational relationships in the German welfare state." Ageing and Society 34, no. 3 (November 9, 2012): 428–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12001080.
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ABSTRACTThis paper deals with ambivalence in the working generation's attitudes towards the elder generation in the German welfare state. Whereas most researchers focus on either norms or self-interest in intergenerational relationships, ambivalence is widely neglected. Ambivalence denotes a simultaneous positive and negative evaluation of the elder generation. The theoretical framework is developed by combining two common perspectives on intergenerational relationships in the welfare state. The first is age-based self-interest that is often discussed in the context of ageing societies with scarce welfare state resources. The second perspective concerns the norms that individuals internalise when growing up both in society and in the family. Drawing on survey data from the Population Policy Acceptance Study in Germany, the empirical analysis first presents evidence of intergenerational ambivalence and, second, investigates whether the structural contradictions that confront individuals in certain situations cause ambivalent attitudes towards the elder generation. The findings show that the higher the structural contradictions of being young and holding strong societal norms towards the elder generation the higher the ambivalent attitude towards this group in the context of the welfare state.
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White, Diana L., Alexis J. Walker, and Leslie N. Richards. "Intergenerational Family Support following Infant Death." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 67, no. 3 (October 2008): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ag.67.3.a.
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The death of a child is a traumatic, nonnormative family life event. Although parental bereavement has received substantial attention, little research has focused on extended family members affected by a child's death, and still less on how multiple family members perceive and respond to one another following the loss. Guided by a life course perspective, this article examines social support between grandparents and their adult children in the aftermath of infant death. Through structured, open-ended interviews, 21 grandparents and 19 parents from 10 families described how they provided support to and received support from their intergenerational partners. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Six categories of support were identified: being present, acknowledgment, performing immediate tasks, information, unskilled support, and no support. Most support was provided by grandparents to adult children rather than from adult children to grandparents. All families reported significant support from at least one grandparent and nearly all families described ambivalent relationships that complicated support. Gender, family lineage, and family history were major influences. Multiple family perspectives about a significant life event contribute to our understanding about the intersection between individual and family life.
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Öberg, Peter, and Torbjorn Bildtgard. "BLOOD THICKER THAN WATER? STEPGAP IN INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2481.
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Abstract The increasing prevalence of ageing stepfamilies and stepchildren’s potential to act as a source of support for older parents has prompted research about intergenerational cohesion in step-relationships. Previous research has hypothesized a qualitative gap (a step-gap) between step and biological relationships to the advantage of the latter. In this Swedish study we compare emotional closeness between older parents and adult children among parents (aged 66-79) who have had both biological and stepchildren, and children (aged X-Y) who have had both biological and stepparents. Qualitative interviews (n=24) of family histories including a hierarchical convoy model of family relationships were collected and analyzed. Results show that with few exceptions biological relationships are rated as emotionally closer than step-relationships, both by parents and adult children, supporting the step-gap hypothesis. While the older parents tend to deemphasize the importance of blood for their ratings, the adult children often emphasize the importance of blood. The difference is explained by a parental adherence to an ideology of equal treatment of children, while the adult children stress the importance of biology for their identity and belonging.
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Lorang, Emily, Jinkuk Hong, Leann Smith DaWalt, and Marsha Mailick. "Change in Maladaptive Behavior Affects Intergenerational Relationships in Fragile X Syndrome." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 127, no. 3 (April 20, 2022): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.3.231.
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Abstract This study investigated the bidirectional effects of change in maladaptive behaviors among adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and change in their intergenerational family relationships over a 7.5-year period. Indicators of the intergenerational family relationship between premutation carrier mothers and their adolescent or adult son/daughter with FXS included a measure of the quality of the relationship, as well as descriptions provided by mothers of their relationship with their son/daughter (positive remarks, critical remarks). Maladaptive behaviors decreased, maternal positive remarks increased, and maternal critical remarks and relationship quality remained stable over time. Bidirectional effects of change were observed in predicting maladaptive behaviors and maternal positive remarks, although maladaptive behaviors more strongly predicted positive remarks than the reciprocal association. This research suggests prioritizing maladaptive behaviors in the context of family interventions.
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Deng, Tongbo, Yafan Fan, Mengdi Wu, and Min Li. "Older People’s Long-Term Care Preferences in China: The Impact of Living with Grandchildren on Older People’s Willingness and Family Decisions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 12455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912455.
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The purpose of this paper was to better understand the long-term care preferences of older people based on intergenerational demonstration effects and social exchange theory, derived from the literature on intergenerational family relationships. The authors relied on the 2014 China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey database to test the study hypotheses. The results indicated that living with grandchildren was negatively related to the institutional care preferences of older people. Family members’ attitudes and older people’s life satisfaction significantly mediated the relationship between living with grandchildren and their institutional care preferences. Gender and marital status had potentially diverse effects on institutional care preferences. Therefore, in the context of China’s culture of filial piety, social exchange, and intergenerational demonstration, motivation may help foster intergenerational exchange and reciprocity in eldercare arrangements.
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Stimpson, Jim P., Kimberly A. Tyler, and Dan R. Hoyt. "Effects of Parental Rejection and Relationship Quality on Depression among Older Rural Adults." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 61, no. 3 (October 2005): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/b0l7-hca6-wkc8-6yeh.
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Research suggests that families have development histories which influence their responses to situations across the life course. The present study examined the effects of family relationship histories on intergenerational affection and conflict between adult children and their parents and how this affects parents' depressive symptoms. Path analysis based on matched reports of adult children and their parents revealed that parental behavior early in life affects contemporary relationships between family members, which ultimately impacts parents' depressive symptoms. Parental rejection is negatively associated with intergenerational affection, which in turn is negatively associated with depressive symptoms.
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Chou, Jessica L., Rachel M. Diamond, Bertranna M. Muruthi, Shannon Cooper-Sadlo, Maliha Ibrahim, Sarah Hillier, Harry J. Aponte, Dara Herbert, Susana Montesinos, and Asif Zaarur. "Ecostructural Family Therapy and Maternal Substance Use." Journal of Systemic Therapies 40, no. 3 (September 2021): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2021.40.3.50.
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This pilot study utilized phenomenological methodology to explore relational systems for ten mothers enrolled in family-centered substance use treatment. Participants described their experiences during motherhood and addiction. Analysis revealed themes that captured the interpersonal relationships of maternal substance use: (1) parent-child relationships in the context of maternal substance use disorders (SUDs), (2) interaction between romantic relationships and maternal substance use, and (3) intergenerational relationships among mothers and grandmothers. Mothers discussed these complicated and simultaneous roles and relationships that impacted their substance use and recovery within the context of family. Using ecostructural family therapy, we offer clinical recommendations with the aim of creating organizational change for families in recovery.
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DYKSTRA, PEARL A., and TINEKE FOKKEMA. "Relationships between parents and their adult children: a West European typology of late-life families." Ageing and Society 31, no. 4 (December 22, 2010): 545–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10001108.
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ABSTRACTFollowing Reher's (1998) seminal paper on family ties in western Europe, the perspective that family solidarity patterns are divided between an individualistic north and a famialistic south has dominated the literature. We challenge this view and address the variability in intergenerational family solidarity within and across countries. Using multiple dimensions of intergenerational solidarity drawn from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we develop a typology of late-life families which is robust across northern, central and southern regions. The four types are: (a) descending familialism: living nearby, frequent contact, endorsement of family obligation norms, and primarily help in kind from parents to children, (b) ascending familialism: living nearby, frequent contact, endorsement of family obligation norms, and primarily help in kind from children to parents, (c) supportive-at-distance: not living nearby, frequent contact, refutation of family obligation norms, and primarily financial transfers from parents to adult children, (d) autonomous: not living nearby, little contact, refutation of family obligation norms, and few support exchanges. The four types are common in each European country, though the distributions differ. The findings suggest that scholars should abandon the idea that a particular country can be characterised by a single dominant type of late-life family. Socio-demographic differentials in family type follow predictable patterns, underscoring the validity of the developed typology.
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Veevers, Jean E., and Barbara A. Mitchell. "Intergenerational Exchanges and Perceptions of Support within “Boomerang Kid” Family Environments." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 46, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pvqp-a0jt-27dp-tf5c.
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Drawing on the social exchange perspective, we examine: 1) the extent to which adult children who have returned to the parental home (“boomerang kids”) exchange several types of instrumental and affective support with their parents, and 2) whether there is symmetry or incongruence in perceptions of support among these family dyads. The data used for this study are drawn from interviews with one child and one parent from 218 families in which the child has recently returned home. Findings indicate that children receive more frequent instrumental and emotional (affective) support than parents receive, and that parents perceive that they receive considerably more emotional support than boomerang children acknowledge donating. Implications for family relationships over the life course and household living arrangements are considered.
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Kruse, Andreas, and Eric Schmitt. "Generativity as a Route to Active Ageing." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/647650.
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We elucidate the significance of active ageing from an individual as well as from a societal perspective. Taking an individual perspective, maintaining activity in later years is linked to successful ageing because of empirical relationships to positive self-perception, satisfaction with life, and development of competences, whereas from a societal perspective, active ageing implies usage of older people’s life competences as a human capital of society—a societal imperative, particularly in times of demographic change but also more basically substantiated in an ethics of responsibility, intergenerational solidarity, and generation equity. We focus on the psychological construct of generativity which is interpreted as an aspect of the philosophical-anthropological category of joint responsibility. Our own research in Mexico and the Baltic States supports the notion that maintaining access to the public sphere and active engagement for others is a more basic individual concern than a life-stages specific developmental task. We report background and results of a Dialogue Forum Project Funding, a research cooperation between our institute and the Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility, and Future aimed to improve generativity in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine by implementing and supporting local initiatives offering opportunities for intergenerational dialogue.
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Scott, Rachel, Danielle Nadorff, Loriena Yancura, and Melissa Barnett. "The Role of Intergenerational Relationships: Applying the Family Stress Model to Grandfamilies." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1124.
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Abstract The Family Stress Model (FSM) of Economic Hardship (Conger, Rueter, & Conger, 2000) was developed to explain the impact of financial stress on families through links between economic difficulties, parental emotional distress, marital conflict, disrupted parenting behaviors, and child maladjustment. The FSM has been cross validated in samples of custodial grandparents (i.e., grandparents who provide substantial care for their grandchildren; Smith et al., 2017). The current study modified the FSM by replacing inter-parent relationship difficulties with inter-generational relationship problems between the custodial grandparents and their children to ultimately examine the adjustment of the grandchildren. This change to the model is supported by prior research conducted on intergenerational stress impacting the parenting and subsequent development of children in grandfamilies (Barnett, Mills-Koonce, Gustafsson, & Cox, 2012). Using a nationwide sample of 317 custodial grandparents aged 40 and older (M = 61 yr) the fit of the modified model was tested using AMOS 26. Latent variables in the model included Economic Pressure, Caregiver Distress, Disrupted Parenting, Intergenerational Relationship, and Child Adjustment. Moderate fit was achieved (χ2(308) = 574.88; CFI = .896; RMSEA = .052). All pathways were significant with the exception of Disrupted Parenting to Child Adjustment. These results indicate that intergenerational relationships are an important predictor of child adjustment, and an applicable substitute for inter-partner relationships when modeling family stress in custodial grandfamilies. Details and clinical implications will be discussed.
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Gram, Malene, Margaret Hogg, Bodil Stilling Blichfeldt, and Pauline MacLaran. "Intergenerational relationships and food consumption: the stories of young adults leaving home." Young Consumers 16, no. 1 (April 20, 2015): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-01-2014-00422.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the meaning of food consumption practices in maintaining intergenerational relationships between young university students and their parents. Design/methodology/approach – Student food consumption has been mainly studied through quantitative methods, treating students as a homogenous group, more or less living in a vacuum, and often with the focus on nutrition. This paper gives voice to young adults to unpack the significance of cooking and food consumption in relation to maintaining or changing family ties. The study is based on 12 qualitative interviews, five focus groups and a workshop, with Danish and international students in Denmark. Theoretically, the study draws on family, consumption and transition research. Findings – The authors identify four realms of intergenerational relationships in the context of food. The relationships range from a wish either to maintain the status quo in the relationship, or to change and rethink the relationship, and importantly, the act of maintaining or changing the family relationships may be initiated either by the grown-up child or by the parent. The study concludes that the act of moving away from home is a period of intense (re)construction of food consumption habits and skills, which draw several threads back to the family home, and relationships undergo change in various ways. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this study are that it has been carried out only in a Danish context. Originality/value – The contributions of the study are capturing the children’s view of this transition, and providing insights into how apparently mundane consumption can be full of symbolic meaning. The paper will be of interest for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand intergenerational relations and consumption.
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Deindl, Christian. "The Connection Between Social Inequality And Intergenerational Transfers Between Three Generations In Europe." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 789–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2913.
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Abstract Family members support each other across the entire family cycle. Parents help their adult children with financial transfers and hands-on-support and childcare, while children in mid-life often support their older parents with help and care. However, there is profound social inequalities linked to intergenerational transfers. While there is some research on inequality for some types of intergenerational transfers and some transfer directions, there is still no conclusive study bringing together all different support types between multiple generations from different social backgrounds over time. In our view, taking a longitudinal multi-generational perspective is essential to capture dependencies and negotiations within families from different socio-economic backgrounds within different regional contexts. If middle-aged parents have to take care of their own older parents, they have fewer resources for their(grand-)children, who might then receive less attention and support from them. This may differ according to access to support from public or private institutions. Here, country and regional specifics have a huge impact on support patterns within the family, which can only be captured when looking into developments and change. Using six waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we look at intergenerational transfers between multiple generations over time across European regions, considering mid-aged Europeans in the “sandwich” position between older parents and children and include multiple transfer directions and types over time to assess the links between social inequality and intergenerational solidarity in Europe’s ageing societies. The impact of Covid 19 on this issue will also be considered.
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Mendoza, Nancy, A. Nancy Mendoza, and Christine A. Fruhauf. "REFRAMING INTERGENERATIONAL FAMILIAL RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH THE STUDY OF GRANDPARENT-GRANDCHILD CONNECTIONS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2333.
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Abstract Intergenerational relationships include non-familial and familial connections. Common familial bonds exist between grandparents and grandchildren. Although grandparent-grandchild connections have over 40 years of research, measurement and design gaps remain. With this paper, we will address new approaches to examining grandparent and grandchild relationships in an effort to understand how this connection impacts our attitudes on aging. Specifically, we will discuss the opportunities of approaching such relationships from a longitudinal perspective. The grandparent-grandchild relationship can span close to 30 years, and yet knowledge of relationship stability and change between individuals in these family roles is limited. We will highlight the conference theme by presenting how social network analysis (SNA) applied to empirical data of grandparents raising grandchildren can reframe aging’s network ties. Further, future research using SNA with grandchildren will be addressed as a way to build on previous work, extending our knowledge of intergenerational relationships from the family perspective.
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Kohli, Neena, Sarabjeet Kaur Chawla, Aditya Banerjee, and Taru Parnika Srinete. "Ageing in Developing Societies: Issues and Challenges." Psychology and Developing Societies 32, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333620943408.
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Ageing has emerged as a major challenge in several developing societies. With falling fertility rates and increasing longevity as its main drivers, it is expected that by 2050, one in five people of the developing countries will be over 60 years of age. It is argued that on account of this, such societies would further encounter an increased demand for medical treatment, long-term care, financial and emotional support. They also are likely to face an enormous psychological burden. In the context of ageing, the article highlights some of the key issues and challenges encountered by the developing societies. Urbanisation, changing family structure and drifting intergenerational relationships are seen as factors that have led to a multitude of psychological problems like social isolation, loneliness, abuse and discrimination and depression in older adults. The article argues in support of health and other social protective measures and calls for the need to recognise the strengths of older adults with a view to integrate them into the mainstream.
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WU, JING, KAIRI KASEARU, AIRI VÄRNIK, LIINA-MAI TOODING, and GISELA TROMMSDORFF. "Associations between quality of relationships and life satisfaction of older mothers in Estonia, Germany, Russia and China." Ageing and Society 36, no. 06 (May 11, 2015): 1272–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15000355.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of the current study is to examine the associations between the quality of relationships and life satisfaction of older mothers in Estonia, Germany, Russia and the People's Republic of China, based on the assumptions of the Family Change Theory. The role of satisfaction with family life as the probable mediating factor is considered. Estonian older mothers reported the least admiration and intimacy in their relationships with their adult daughters, and the least satisfaction with family life compared to German, Russian and Chinese mothers. German older mothers perceived the most admiration from their adult daughters and were the most satisfied with both their family and general life. Russian older mothers were the least satisfied with their general life compared to their counterparts in Estonia, Germany and China. The results from the Structural Equation Modelling showed that the relationship between satisfaction with family life and general life satisfaction was statistically significant in all countries except Russia. The satisfaction with family life as a mediating factor might strengthen the positive and negative aspects of intergenerational relationships on the life satisfaction of older mothers. The findings indicated that the emotional closeness and intergenerational relationships in families during the process of transition and globalisation play an important role in the life satisfaction of older mothers in these four countries.
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BORNAT, JOANNA, BRIAN DIMMOCK, DAVID JONES, and SHEILA PEACE. "Stepfamilies and older people: evaluating the implications of family change for an ageing population." Ageing and Society 19, no. 2 (March 1999): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007266.
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The changing nature of family life has become a major issue in contemporary Britain. Concerns that change will bring moral decline and social fragmentation are countered by a more optimistic view which focuses on a future of more equitable and flexible family ties. Research drawing on area-based data in Luton amongst older, middle-aged and younger people with experience of family change suggests that so far as inter-generational relations, caring, and transfers of family wealth are concerned, traditional attitudes towards blood ties, household independence and care and support survive alongside new step relationships. The research also suggests that although several respondents had more than one generation of experience of family change, the language of step relationships is still one which is not yet completely accepted, or one with which people feel completely at ease.
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Yuan, Yanyue, and Linhui Wu. "A Scoping Review on Intergenerational Learning in Urban China." Acta Educationis Generalis 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2021-0021.
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Abstract Introduction: The ageing world gives rise to changing family structures, as well as the way different generations interact with each other. While research on intergenerational relationships and intergenerational learning have started as early as in the 1960s and 1970s in North America and Europe, little is known about scholarly discussions in this field in China. Purpose: This paper presents an overview of the published journal articles in Chinese on the topic of intergenerational learning in urban China, with the goal of identifying the common themes under discussion, the theoretical frameworks adopted in these studies, and empirical research in this field. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to look for relevant journal papers published in Chinese between the years 2006-2020. We identified 117 journal papers that fit our criteria and a majority of them were found by using the key words gedai jiaoyu (education in skip-generation situations). Conclusion: The overall quality of the published research is poor in that most authors only provided personal observations and opinions. Almost all studies set their focus on grandparenting and emphasis is often placed on how grandparenting affects young children’s growth, with little attention given to its influences on grandparents. Research on intergenerational interactions beyond family settings is almost non-existent. A number of recommendations for future studies are offered at the end of the article.
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Hong, Pei, Shengnan Li, Yanping Yu, and Quanyang Deng. "How to Enhance the Motivation for Drug Detoxification: Consciousness Guidance and Behaviour Restriction of Family Intergenerational Ethics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010366.
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Assisting substance users to recover from the behaviour of drug addiction and maintain long-term rehabilitation is a long and complicated process, in which the motivation to undergo drug rehabilitation plays a decisive role. So far, the cultural connotation of family and its mechanism of promoting behavioural change of substance users have not been fully explored. Through in-depth interviews with 15 drug rehabilitants, among which there were 7 women and 8 men, it is found that the motivation for drug rehabilitation is stimulated under the guidance and restriction of family ethics based on obligation and responsibility, which is mainly reflected in the longitudinal intergenerational responsibility. On the one hand, negative consequences such as intergenerational liability deficit and reputation damage lead substance users to reflect on ethical values. On the other hand, disciplines such as intergenerational responsibility and obligation and mutual assistance can correct the actual behaviour of substance users in ethical practice. In contrast to Western countries, which focus on external environmental factors such as family function, family relationships and family support, the motivation for drug rehabilitation in China places more emphasis on their identity and role as family members and corresponding responsibilities, which provides inspiration for developing social work services for substance users from family cultural norms.
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Spalding, Rachael, and Brian Carpenter. "Examining the Intergenerational Stake Hypothesis in Grandparent–Grandchild Dyads." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 89, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415018780008.
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The intergenerational stake hypothesis posits that older people tend to feel more positively about their relationships with younger people in their family because they have a greater perceived “stake” in the relationship. Pairs of grandparents and grandchildren ( n = 79) completed a brief survey that asked questions about relational closeness, shared activities, and relationship quality. Both self- and proxy reports were gathered from each participant. On average, grandparents reported significantly more favorable self-reports of emotional closeness than their grandchildren. However, proxy reports revealed that grandparents were actually quite accurate at predicting their grandchildren’s relational closeness responses. Moreover, difference score calculations identified a portion of the dyad sample (39 dyads) that appeared to refute the hypothesis in their relational closeness responses. Results from this study suggest that the generational stake phenomenon exists in the grandchild/grandparent relationship. However, the degree to which grandparents are aware of their grandchildren’s perspectives may vary.
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Parker, Rhonda G., and Roxanne Parrott. "Patterns of Self-Disclosure across Social Support Networks: Elderly, Middle-Aged, and Young Adults." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 41, no. 4 (December 1995): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/n9pc-ckmd-jkrr-1vjm.
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Self-disclosure has generally been examined as a unidimensional construct which relates to intimacy in developing relationships. Self-disclosure also serves many functions in established relationships, such as with close friends and family. Moreover, the functions served by self-disclosure may vary depending upon the adults' gender and stage in the life-span. In this study, such issues are examined with regard to elderly, middle-aged, and young adults' use of four functions of self-disclosure: self-expression, self-clarification, social control, and social validation. Findings support the claim that greater intergenerational distance is related to less self-disclosure among members of a social network. Further, elderly adults self-disclose more often to family than to friends, while young adults self-disclose to friends more often than to family. Implications for self-disclosure within the areas of gender, social support, and social comparison are discussed, and the appropriateness of adults' disclosure patterns within a framework of life stages is considered.
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Kalmijn, Matthijs, Suzanne G. de Leeuw, Maaike Hornstra, Katya Ivanova, Ruben van Gaalen, and Kirsten van Houdt. "Family Complexity into Adulthood: The Central Role of Mothers in Shaping Intergenerational Ties." American Sociological Review 84, no. 5 (September 12, 2019): 876–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419871959.
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As a result of the divorce revolution, more children grow up in complex families. Yet, we know little about how family complexity affects relationships when children are adults and parents are ageing. In this article, we use unique survey data to test fundamental ideas about intergenerational ties: the role of biology, partnerships (marriage and cohabitation), residence, and selection. The survey used a register-based oversample of Dutch adults who grew up in nonstandard families, collected data among adult children and their parent figures, and used a double multi-actor design in which adult children reported on their parents and parents reported on their children. Using random- and fixed-effects models, we confirm most hypotheses but the results are highly gendered. For fathers, we find evidence for a partnership premium and no disadvantage of being a stepparent once the length of residence is adjusted. For mothers, the partnership premium is weaker but the effect of biology is strong: stepmother-stepchild ties are much weaker, even after taking residence patterns into account. Biological mothers are the primary kinkeepers, and for fathers of any type, their relationship to children depends on their partnership to the biological mother. Within-family comparisons suggest that selection into divorce and remarriage do not explain these disadvantages.
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Leiß, Gabriela, and Anita Zehrer. "Intergenerational communication in family firm succession." Journal of Family Business Management 8, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-09-2017-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how intergenerational communication between predecessors and successors impacts on the entrepreneurial family and the family business, and aims at developing a typology of communication patterns in family business succession. Design/methodology/approach Based on grounded theory methodology, ten in-depth narrative family interviews with predecessors and successors were conducted, transcribed and analyzed. The qualitative data analysis followed a hermeneutic approach focusing on in situ language phenomena such as positioning, syntax, semantics and interaction patterns. Findings The reconstruction of the interviewees’ subjective realities resulted in a theoretical concept with four communication types, varying between continuity and change, and between relatedness and autonomy. Given the fact that succession is not a single event but a long-lasting process, the typology can be transferred into a dynamic model for succession comprising three consecutive stages: intergenerational transmission, independent acquisition and finally interdependent development of the family firm heritage. Research limitations/implications First, the results are based upon a small sample size (n=10) that should not be generalized to the population of family businesses at large. Hence, to complete the overall picture, a broader survey among family-run firms by means of an extended qualitative or even a quantitative survey would be most valuable to generate more objective data. Another shortcoming is that the authors only investigated intra-family succession and challenges. No attention was paid to the various opportunities of external succession of family businesses, such as management buyout, management buy in, external management or liquidation. Practical implications Understanding the sociological and psychological aspects of communication helps family firms to identify characteristics in communication during their succession process. First, the knowledge that various communication types are highly dependent upon the personal interactions among the parties involved, might be an asset for family firms which are handing over their company in the future. Second, knowledge on different communication types might raise awareness for and prevent from conflicts and emotional relationships during the firm succession and thus function as a strategic advantage. Social implications Following a sustainable and responsible strategy, family firms can be regarded as the pillars of our economy. Yet, they can be compared to an endangered species often not surviving the transfer from one generation to the next. Succession seems to be a delicate stage in a company’s lifecycle, the failure of which threatens thousands of jobs every year. When it comes to the survival rate of family firms, the increase of communicative and reflexive competence as it is addressed by this paper, is one of the key factors helping the family to deal with conflicts and thus strengthen their self-efficacy. Originality/value The dynamic succession model presented in this paper gives experts a comprehensive insight into the inner logic of entrepreneurial families reconstructed by their communicative patterns. Understanding the different dimensions of succession lays the foundation for consulting and supporting family members in transition processes helping them to cope with intergenerational ambivalences and find solutions that are both beneficial for the individuals as well as for the business.
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Strom, Robert, and Shirley Strom. "Grandparents and Learning." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 29, no. 3 (October 1989): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tdrx-y18h-6eee-6h0w.
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The educational needs of grandparents have been overlooked. They deserve access to a curriculum that can help them adjust to their changing role and illustrate how to build satisfying family relationships. In order to identify appropriate topics and instructional procedures for grandparent education, weekly meetings were held for a semester with 400 grandmothers and grandfathers. The resulting program includes experiences in sharing feelings and ideas with peers; listening to the views of younger people; studying lifespan growth and adjustment; acquiring intergenerational communication skills; and focusing self-evaluation. A field test involving several hundred participants, equally divided into experimental and control groups, is underway to determine the worthwhileness of this approach to family development.
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Garber, Judy, and David A. Cole. "Intergenerational transmission of depression: A launch and grow model of change across adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000489.
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AbstractThe present study tested a “launch-and-grow” type of cascade model in which an earlier risk factor (e.g., exposure to maternal depression by age 12) was hypothesized to predict several risk processes during development (e.g., stress, family relationships, self-worth [SW]), which then set the course for the growth of children's depressive symptoms over time. Participants were 240 mothers and children (mean age = 11.87 years, SD = 0.57) who were evaluated annually across 6 years. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM diagnoses was used to assess mothers' psychiatric history; 185 mothers had had a mood disorder and 55 mothers were lifetime free of psychiatric diagnoses. At each assessment, mothers completed measures of their current level of depressive symptoms and stressful life events; adolescents completed measures about their perceptions of the family environment and their SW; and clinicians rated adolescents' level of depressive symptoms based on separate interviews with the adolescent and mother. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that history of maternal depression significantly predicted the intercepts of the growth trajectories of adolescents' depressive symptoms, mothers' current depressive symptoms, stressful life events, family environment, and adolescents' SW. The intercepts of each of these variables then predicted the trajectory (i.e., slope) of the growth of adolescents' depressive symptoms across the 6 years of the study. These results were consistent with the hypothesized model of maternal depression launching a set of risk factors, which in turn predict the growth of depressive symptoms during adolescence. Implications for interventions aimed at preventing depression in at-risk youth are discussed.
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BURHOLT, VANESSA, and G. CLARE WENGER. "Differences over time in older people's relationships with children and siblings." Ageing and Society 18, no. 5 (September 1998): 537–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x98007090.
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Based on data from the Bangor Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this paper examines changes over 16 years (1979–1995) in the relationships of older people (aged 65 or over in 1979) with their children and siblings. The study uses latent class analysis to categorise the relationships into two types based on four components of intergenerational solidarity: structural, associational, affectional and functional. The two types of relationship identified are close knit and loose knit. Results show a change in relationship types over time. Overall, relationships with parents decreased in solidarity. Relationships with mothers showed a smaller decrease in close knit relationships than with fathers; sibling relationships of parents became more loose knit, but remained stable and closer for those who were childless. 71 per cent of those aged 80 or over had at least one close knit relationship with either a sibling or child. Gender differences exist in the development of relationships over time: fathers had more loose knit relationships with children than mothers, and male-male sibling dyads did not strengthen over time.
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Baykara-Krumme, Helen. "Generationenbeziehungen im Alter: Türkische Familien in der Türkei und in Westeuropa." Journal of Family Research 25, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-161.
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This paper explores the consequences of international migration on family relationships of elderly migrants from a new perspective: It compares intergenerational relationships among migrants from Turkey who live in Europe with those among non-migrants who never went abroad and, as a third group, transnational families. This study draws from the international LineUp Survey “Migration Histories of Turks in Europe”. Dependent variables are the frequency of contact, mutual support exchange patterns and family values as reported by the adult children. Findings indicate more intense intergenerational relationships in migrant families as compared to families in Turkey, but lower agreement with norms on intergenerational solidarity among the former. Whereas differences in behavior can be explained almost completely by compositional differences, multivariate analyses suggest persisting divergences in attitudes. Transnational families show the lowest degree of intergenerational solidarity which can be explained by the large spatial distance. By tendency, the findings indicate a change in values, but overall continuity in behavior patterns in the course of an international migration.
Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag nähert sich der Frage nach den Auswirkungen einer internationalen Migration auf die Generationenbeziehungen älterer Menschen aus einer neuen Perspektive: Verglichen werden die Beziehungen in türkeistämmigen Familien in Westeuropa mit Familien in der Türkei sowie, als dritte Gruppe, transnationalen Familien. Die Datengrundlage bildet die internationale LineUp- Studie „Migration Histories of Turks in Europe“. Zielvariablen sind familienbezogene Werteinstellungen sowie Kontakthäufigkeit und gegenseitige Unterstützungsleistungen aus Sicht der erwachsenen Kinder. Migrantenfamilien zeigen in den Verhaltensmustern intensivere Beziehungen als Familien in der Türkei, allerdings stellen diese Unterschiede nahezu vollständig Kompositionseffekte dar. Unterschiede in den Werteeinstellungen, mit geringerer normativer Solidarität in Migrantenfamilien, bleiben dagegen auch in multivariaten Analysen tendenziell bestehen. Transnationale Familien weisen die geringste Generationensolidarität auf, was auf die große Wohnentfernung zurückzuführen ist. Die Befunde geben tendenziell Hinweise auf einen Wertewandel in der Migration bei weitgehender Kontinuität der Verhaltensmuster.
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Whyte, Martin King. "Confronting puzzles in understanding Chinese family change: A personal reflection." Chinese Journal of Sociology 6, no. 3 (July 2020): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x20941363.
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I present an overview of selected findings from four major research projects I conducted earlier in my career that were designed to describe and explain the patterns of continuity and change in family patterns in the People’s Republic of China: an examination of rural family patterns carried out through refugee interviewing in Hong Kong in 1972–1974; a parallel examination of urban family patterns carried out through Hong Kong refugee interviews in 1977–1978; an examination of the transformation from arranged to free-choice marriages conducted through a survey in Chengdu, Sichuan, in 1987; and an examination of patterns of intergenerational relationships carried out through a 1994 survey in Baoding, Hebei. The latter two projects included comparisons with the findings of earlier surveys of family behavior in urban Taiwan. Each project yielded findings that did not fit prevailing theories of family change, and in my efforts to explain puzzling findings, I ended up emphasizing the impact on families of the specific local institutions produced by China’s socialist transformation in the 1950s. Even though many of these institutional arrangements have been altered in the reform era, I argue that in certain realms of family life, the impact of pre-reform decades can still be seen in family patterns in recent times.
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Winarnita, Monika. "Introduction to this Special Issue on Multimedia, Mobility and the Digital Southeast Asian Family’s Polymedia Experiences." Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 4, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd41201918967.
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Southeast Asia is home to the largest number of social media users in the world. It is also a region known for its mobile population, with high numbers of overseas workers, international students, refugees/asylum seekers, and migrants seeking permanent residency or citizenship in other countries. Digital technology is shaping the way Southeast Asians express themselves, interact, maintain contact, and sustain their family relationships. Online multimedia content is one way that migrants and mobile Southeast Asians express their sense of belonging, their multiple and varied identities, their cultural backgrounds, and their sense of connectedness to family members. This special issue aims to provide a contemporary understanding of online multimedia expressions of identity, belonging, and intergenerational family relationships of migrants and mobile Southeast Asians. Six peer- reviewed journal articles and three creative commentaries explore how online multimedia productions and stories enable a deeper understanding of the effects of migration and mobility on intergenerational family relationships. By focusing on the online multimedia expressions of Southeast Asian people, this issue aims to comprehend social and cultural change in this region and the nuances of how it is being shaped by digital technologies. Moving beyond connectedness, the articles address a wide range of issues, such as power, con ict, and kinship relations. Themes such as educational mobility, the transnational family’s online communication, and the hopes and af rmations shared through digital diasporic communities are explored. By focusing on multimedia, mobility, and the digital Southeast Asian family’s polymedia experiences, this special issue contributes to the literature on digital networked societies.
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Bobic, Mirjana, and Milica Veskovic-Andjelkovic. "Intergenerational solidarity in care: A case study in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 58, no. 2 (2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv2002001b.
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This paper discusses intergenerational solidarity in care from the perspective of women, focusing on mothers as the main providers. It has been carried out in the context of very low fertility, negative population change, and advanced ageing in Serbia, amid conditions of strong familism. Two types of care were analysed: care of children and of elderly parents. Qualitative research was carried out in two towns and their outskirts: Belgrade and Kraljevo. The main method was a case study based on interviews and observation. The first aim was to shed light on the informal support mothers/parents receive around children: who helps them, what help they receive, and why they receive help. The results supported the authors? initial expectations that mothers/parents rely heavily on grandparents, primarily grandmothers. The help grand-parents provide is reported to be daily, extensive, and exhaustive. Mothers, how-ever, deem that it contributes to happy and healthy ageing. Although caring for elderly people is still not widespread among respondents, they nevertheless presented their views on the issue. Again, in line with initial assumptions, care of elderly people was shown to be an indispensable part of family life. The empirical results reflect that the main explanation stems from strong solidarity based on kinship, which thus moulds both attitudes and behaviour. Elderly parents will be taken care of by their children, and this is considered natural, self-understandable, and an expression of vast gratitude. Putting elderly people into institutional care (nursing homes) is a rare choice that is only made when they cannot live on their own and take care of themselves, or if there are many elderly kin who need support.
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Schenk, Niels, and Pearl A. Dykstra. "Continuity and change in intergenerational family relationships: An examination of shifts in relationship type over a three-year period." Advances in Life Course Research 17, no. 3 (September 2012): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2012.01.004.
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Mehta, Kalyani. "Respect Redefined: Focus Group Insights from Singapore." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 44, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/8l57-yt6l-xqcl-8ddp.
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This article re-examines the meaning of the concept of respect within the context of a fast modernizing Asian multicultural society—Singapore. Two key findings emerge. First, the meaning of respect both from the perspective of the aged and the middle-aged generation has shifted from obedience to courteous behavior. Second, in the majority of focus groups members concurred that the degree of respect accorded to elders has in general decreased. The focus group methodology was used in this research. Bearing in mind the limited sample size (88 participants) these findings alert us to the need for social scientists to monitor perceptual shifts in meaning of concepts critical in the sphere of interpersonal relationships. The findings throw light on the subjective views of intergenerational relations within the family as well as the community. As such, they would be valuable to counselors, social workers, and family therapists.
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Gonçalves, Marta, Alan Hatton-Yeo, and Diana Farcas. "Overcoming ageism through a new intergenerational learning paradigm: challenges and findings." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 17, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-04-2015-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a programme developed and tested in Portugal under this new paradigm where young adults (18-30) and old adults (over 65) learn research skills together. Design/methodology/approach The structure of the learning experience consists in a six-month training course for lay people in research skills in three specific areas of family, mental health and intergenerational relationships. In order to apply the acquired research and intervention knowledge, participants work in intergenerational groups on a small research project. Findings Results from the first two editions of the programme indicate benefits of mutual reciprocity in the contribution to tackle ageism and trust between generations. Research limitations/implications The potential practice implications for this type of intergenerational programme are significant, considering the increasing aging population in Portugal and the high ageism present. However, the authors may ask if the encountered results are the same with another type of learning subject. Therefore, the authors recommend a replication of this study/programme in other fields. Practical implications An integrated active ageing goes from a senior cultural entertainment to a public policy intervention sustained over time, reducing costs in terms of health, education and social services. Social implications Ageism, that is to say discrimination against people because of their age, is an enormous social problem. The new intergenerational learning paradigm can help to address this by emphasizing the importance of the intergroup contact between generations where each group can learn from and teach the other. Originality/value The authors can say that these first two editions of the Intergenerational University was a first outlook of how the authors can innovate learning processes at universities and bring research to the public. It is a methodology of social responsibility universities may adopt.
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Moniz-Cook, Esme. "Ageing well with dementia: Past legacies and future promise." FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People 1, no. 160 (October 2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpop.2022.1.160.5.
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This paper draws on over three decades of applied dementia care research; and, since 1999, the international work of INTERDEM (early, timely and quality psychosocial INTERventions in DEMentiahttps://interdem.org).Key early work in development of the evidence-base for psychosocial intervention in dementia is followed by a summary of work in Hull, focusing on understanding and managing reported behavioural and mood change in people with dementia. The importance of context in delivering psychosocial interventions is discussed. Assessment approaches for psychosocial diagnostics within care homes and families are outlined. In family settings these have been useful in making decisions about levels of case management, when ongoing care coordination with access to skilled dementia support is a scarce resource.The debate at the FPOP annual conference 2022, can be symbolised by five ‘I’s: that is, Individualised interventions; Interdisciplinary work; Intersectional approaches to diversity; Intergenerational advances; and human Interaction. The power of our own professional collaborative Interactions with each other can, I suggest, encourage an abundance of:■thoughtful research;■rigorous evaluation of our work; and■dissemination in high quality peer reviewed multidisciplinary journals.This has good potential to inform future policies and practices and build on the legacy of past decades. Key psychologists who have inspired and /or encouraged my learnings and writing about applied dementia care research are acknowledged.
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Koumoutzis, Athena, and Kelly Cichy. "THE MORE THINGS CHANGE, THE MORE THEY STAY THE SAME: CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN ENDURING SOCIAL TIES." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.482.
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Abstract Enduring social ties with family and friends hold important implications for health and well-being across adulthood. Social relationships are simultaneously sources of support and strain, and both positive and negative aspects of relationships change daily and over time. This symposium explores continuity and change in relationship strains (i.e., conflicts, support needs) experienced in the context of enduring social relationships, particularly in response to anticipated and emerging needs for support in later life. First, Meinertz, Gilligan, and Suitor use qualitative data from spousal dyads to compare mothers’ and fathers’ explanations of which adult child they prefer as their future caregiver. Next, using longitudinal data across two waves, Bui, Kim, and Fingerman investigate how different types of past support exchanges between parents and adult children are associated with older parents’ care receipt and expectations. Third, Koumoutzis, Cichy, and Kinney explore the association between change in parental disability and adult children’s intergenerational ambivalence (i.e., both positive and negative sentiments), including the extent to which adult children’s stress and reward appraisals mediate the link between parental disability and ambivalence. Kyungmin and colleagues explore how older adults (age 62-76) felt burden in their relationship with their very old parents (age 81-101) and what factors are associated with feelings of burden across two cultural contexts, the U.S. and Korea. Lastly, using ecological momentary assessment, Birditt and colleagues examine longitudinal trajectories of negative ties (i.e., irritating, demanding) and the links between daily positive and negative social interactions and emotional well-being.