Journal articles on the topic 'Ageing cities'
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Poruthiyil, Prabhir Vishnu, and Uttara Purandare. "Reorienting vitality for ageing cities." Cities 137 (June 2023): 104268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104268.
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Phillipson, Chris, and Amanda Grenier. "Urbanization and Ageing: Ageism, Inequality, and the Future of “Age-Friendly” Cities." University of Toronto Quarterly 90, no. 2 (June 2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.90.2.11.
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Two major forces are set to shape the quality of daily life in the twenty- first century: population ageing and urbanization. Both have become major concerns for public policy, with significant implications for all types of communities. Cities are now regarded as central to economic development, attracting waves of migrants and supporting new knowledge-based industries. However, the extent to which the new “urban age” will produce what the World Health Organization have termed “age-friendly” cities and communities, creating opportunities for older people as well as strengthening ties across different age and social groups, remains uncertain. This article examines the relationship between ageing and urbanization through the application of the concept of ageism. It argues that urban development, especially that operating over the course of the 2000s and 2010s, has both consolidated and introduced new inequalities in the lives of older people. This is examined in three main ways: first, in the context of research on urbanization and the field of urban sociology in particular; second, through examining a range of examples where ageism may be said to operate within the urban environment; and third, outlining the basis for promoting an “anti-ageist urbanism” focused upon challenging inequality and spatial injustice.
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Kolotouchkina, Olga, Monica Viñarás-Abad, and Luis Mañas-Viniegra. "Digital Ageism: Emerging Challenges and Best Practices of Age-Friendly Digital Urban Governance." Media and Communication 11, no. 3 (July 18, 2023): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i3.6711.
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The ageing of urban populations poses serious challenges for policymakers and urban planners alike. While the number of people over 65 is increasing in urban areas, the digital transition in cities raises concerns about the persisting digital divide facing older citizens, as well as the digital inequality and ageism inherent to most digital domains. As ageing in place and place attachment play a significant role in the social engagement and well-being of older people, the purpose of this research is to shed light on the novel approaches taken by local governments to foster active participation among senior residents in the digital public sphere. Using semi-structured interviews with public officials from three age-friendly cities in Spain, we have explored innovative urban projects for digital inclusion, active ageing, and autonomy for older people. The findings of the study reveal the importance of coordinated multi-stakeholder initiatives in promoting digital literacy and overcoming barriers rooted in ageism in the digital world. True representation of older people in local governments, the promotion of co-creation initiatives led by seniors, and the standardisation of universal design and accessibility are some of the key contributions made by Spanish cities in their transition toward places that are digitally inclusive and age-friendly.
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Beard, John R., and Charles Petitot. "Ageing and Urbanization: Can Cities be Designed to Foster Active Ageing?" Public Health Reviews 32, no. 2 (December 2010): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03391610.
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van Hoof, Joost, Jan Kazak, Jolanta Perek-Białas, and Sebastiaan Peek. "The Challenges of Urban Ageing: Making Cities Age-Friendly in Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112473.
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Urban ageing is an emerging domain that deals with the population of older people living in cities. The ageing of society is a positive yet challenging phenomenon, as population ageing and urbanisation are the culmination of successful human development. One could argue whether the city environment is an ideal place for people to grow old and live at an old age compared to rural areas. This viewpoint article explores and describes the challenges that are encountered when making cities age-friendly in Europe. Such challenges include the creation of inclusive neighbourhoods and the implementation of technology for ageing-in-place. Examples from projects in two age-friendly cities in The Netherlands (The Hague) and Poland (Cracow) are shown to illustrate the potential of making cities more tuned to the needs of older people and identify important challenges for the next couple of years. Overall, the global ageing of urban populations calls for more age-friendly approaches to be implemented in our cities. It is a challenge to prepare for these developments in such a way that both current and future generations of older people can benefit from age-friendly strategies.
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Bani, Ibrahim Ahmed. "Promoting healthy aging in cities." International Journal of Growth and Development 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/ijgd.2017.v1i1.5.
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Introduction: At a time of unpredictable challenges for health, whether from a changing climate, emerging infectious diseases, or the next microbe that develops drug resistance, one trend is certain: the ageing of populations is rapidly accelerating worldwide. For the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their 60s and beyond. The consequences for health, health systems, their workforce and budgets are profound. A healthy city is one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential. Aim: This presentation focuses on the city as a setting for health promotion and on the role of healthy city projects in promoting healthy aging. Methodology: The main approach of this study is to provide a review of previous research about successful and healthy ageing that have been utilized by many countries in their policy responses towards the demographic changes brought about by ageing. Results: These will be illustrated in this paper through case studies. Conclusion: In the context of the healthy city programs, various activities to promote the health of older citizens have been carried out.
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Black, Deborah, Kate O'Loughlin, Hal Kendig, and Leigh Wilson. "Cities, environmental stressors, ageing and chronic disease." Australasian Journal on Ageing 31, no. 3 (July 25, 2011): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2011.00552.x.
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Bridge, Catherine. "Cities, environmental stressors, ageing and chronic disease." Australasian Journal on Ageing 31, no. 3 (September 2012): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2012.00628.x.
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Wasilewska, Ewa. "Starość demograficzna obszarów wiejskich i jej zróżnicowanie." Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 104, no. 3 (December 18, 2017): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2017.104.3.23.
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The aim of this paper was denominating of the spatial diversity of the level of demographic ageing and the dynamics of the ageing process of population in the rural areas against the background of this process in cities in Poland. The investigations were conducted for the period of 2000 to 2015. Old age demographic measures were used in static and dynamic terms. There was a considerable variation in the demographic ageing and ageing of the population in the spatial system and in the city-countryside cross-section. A lower level of demographic ageing and a lower dynamics of this process have been observed in rural areas than in cities.
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Phillipson, C., and T. Buffel. "CAN GLOBAL CITIES BE AGE-FRIENDLY CITIES? URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND AGEING POPULATIONS." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2690.
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Buffel, Tine, and Chris Phillipson. "Can global cities be ‘age-friendly cities’? Urban development and ageing populations." Cities 55 (June 2016): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.03.016.
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Zhang, Yuqiao, and Daqian Liu. "Assessment of Socio-Economic Adaptability to Ageing in Resource-Based Cities and Its Obstacle Factor." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 12981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712981.
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The resource-based city is a type of city with pronounced ageing problems. Correctly grasping the socio-economic adaptability to ageing in resource-based cities can help actively guide the direction of urban development and build a new socio-economic order for the elderly. This paper first selects 125 resource-based cities in China from 2000 to 2020 for characteristic analysis, and finds that resource-based cities are characterized by fast growth rate and a large proportion of ageing population, deep ageing, large regional differences and uncoordinated ageing development with regional socio-economic development levels. The research objective of this article is to explore the temporal evolution characteristics, spatial patterns, agglomeration characteristics, and factors hindering the socio-economic adaptability to ageing in resource-based cities in China from 2000 to 2020. Therefore, an indicator system for assessing the socio-economic adaptability to ageing was constructed, and the improved entropy-weighted TOPSIS model was used to measure the socio-economic adaptability to ageing in 113 resource-based cities in China from 2000 to 2020. The spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the socio-economic adaptability to ageing in resource-based cities were analyzed by descriptive analysis and Moran’s index, and the main obstacle dimensions and obstacle indicators were clarified by the obstacle factor model. The findings can be summarized as follows: Temporal Analysis: Over the timeframe assessed, the socio-economic adaptability of ageing in resource cities demonstrates a consistent year-on-year improvement. The spatial clustering pattern exhibits a noteworthy trend of “significant-significant-insignificant”. Spatial Pattern: Examining the spatial arrangement from 2000 to 2020, areas with medium-low and low adaptability are prominently concentrated in Eastern China and Northeastern China, while regions with medium-high and high adaptability are focal in Northern China and Eastern China. Hebei Province and its neighboring provinces consistently display H-H clustering, contrasting with the Southwestern regions that persistently exhibit L-L clustering. Obstacle Degree Analysis: Across the 2000 to 2020 period, dimensions related to economic development, social participation, and social security consistently emerge as the primary obstacles. Notably, the top 12 average annual obstacle indicators are selected, and within economic development dimension all 4 indicators predominate as the key obstacles. Within the social participation dimension, tertiary sector value added and total retail sales of consumer goods per capita feature as primary obstacles. Regarding social security, impediments are primarily associated with the ratio of Medicare coverage, the ratio of pension coverage, alongside the development level of the social security sector. In the domain of service provision, key obstacle indicators include park area per capita, number of books in public libraries per 100 inhabitants, and public trams and buses per 10,000 inhabitants.
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Kendig, Hal, Anne-Marie Elias, Peter Matwijiw, and Kaarin Anstey. "Developing Age-Friendly Cities and Communities in Australia." Journal of Aging and Health 26, no. 8 (December 2014): 1390–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314532687.
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Objective: The aim of the study is to present case studies and assess the impact of political, policy, consultative, and research processes used to implement Age Friendly Cities (AFC) initiatives in Australia. Method: A review and interpretation was conducted based on public documents, community consultations, survey analyses, and participant observation. Results: Governments in Australia have drawn on World Health Organization (WHO) concepts to establish AFC initiatives. In Melbourne, state political leadership established Positive Ageing plans that have reinforced local government actions. In Canberra, a baseline survey and an Older Persons Assembly were followed by modest positive ageing plans. In Sydney, a State Ageing Strategy developed a whole-of-government plan that has yet to be incorporated into budget processes. Discussion: AFC initiatives in Australia have had promising and varied starts with some aims to benefit disadvantaged older people. Notwithstanding the potential benefits, AFC influence on mainstream actions of government has been limited by uncertain political commitment and growing fiscal austerity.
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Buffel, Tine, Chris Phillipson, and Thomas scharf. "Ageing in urban environments: Developing ‘age-friendly’ cities." Critical Social Policy 32, no. 4 (May 22, 2012): 597–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018311430457.
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Kresl, Peter Karl, and Daniele Ietri. "Ageing of the Population: Good News for Cities." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 24, no. 6-7 (September 2009): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690940903354015.
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Webber, Sheila, and Bill Johnston. "The Age-Friendly Media and Information Literate (#AFMIL) City:." Journal of Information Literacy 13, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.11645/13.2.2672.
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This paper proposes a model for developing an Age-Friendly Media and Information Literate (#AFMIL) city. It starts by addressing general issues concerning ageing and ageism. Key features of UNESCO’s framework for a media and information literate city are described. The authors proceed to identify relevant international handbooks, guidelines and initiatives concerning age-friendly environments, cities for human rights, smart cities, creative cities and informational cities. Drawing on these documents, the authors outline a model for developing an #AFMIL city, centred on older people enacting three roles: their role as consumers of media and information; older people as represented in the media; and older people in their role as creators, critics and innovators. They highlight the role of librarians in this development.
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Doran, Patty. "USING TRANSDISCIPLINARY CO-PRODUCTION TO GAIN INSIGHTS INTO SPATIAL JUSTICE AND AGE-FRIENDLY CITIES." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1043.
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Abstract Globally, a popular policy approach to address the two interrelated challenges of population ageing and urbanisation has been to adopt the World Health Organization’s Age-Friendly City framework, a model that can help to identify and address barriers to the well-being and participation of older people. This paper reports early findings from the ‘Ageing in Place in Cities’ project. The research was conducted from a critical gerontology perspective and embedded a spatial justice perspective by centring the concepts of equity, diversity and co-production in our underpinning theoretical framework. Discussing findings from seven case study cities (all who were early adopters of the Age-Friendly Cities framework), this paper discusses how a transdisciplinary co-production approach has been used to gain greater understanding of age-friendly initiatives in each city. Using mixed methods, we first developed descriptive profiles for each city using both census and other local demographic data to explore how the populations have changed over time, and narratives and policy documents detailing the initiatives used to support ageing in place. Second, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a variety of actors in each city to examine how the cities delivered age-friendly change. We integrated the data using a comparative case study approach to draw out insights across the cities. Our findings reveal the role of key leaders and stakeholders in age-friendly cities and will be of interest to policy makers and academics interested in population ageing and urban change. Further, our transdisciplinary co-production methods present a novel approach to conducting age-friendly research.
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Lewandowska-Gwarda, Karolina, and Elżbieta Antczak. "Urban Ageing in Europe—Spatiotemporal Analysis of Determinants." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070413.
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The aim of this study was to identify determinants of the population ageing process in 270 European cities. We analyzed the proportion of older people: men and women separately (aged 65 or above) in city populations in the years 1990–2018. To understand territorially-varied relationships and to increase the explained variability of phenomena, an explanatory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were applied. We used ArcGIS and GeoDa software in this study. In our research, we also took into account the spatial interactions as well as the structure of cities by size and level of economic development. Results of the analysis helped to explain why some urban areas are ageing faster than others. An initial data analysis indicated that the proportion of the elderly in the population was spatially diversified and dependent on gender, as well as the size and economic development of a unit. In general, elderly individuals were more willing to live in larger and highly developed cities; however, women tended to live in large areas and men in medium-sized to large urban areas. Then, we conducted the urban ageing modelling for men and women separately. The application of GWR models enabled not only the specification of the city population ageing determinants, but also the analysis of the variability in the strength and direction of dependencies occurring between the examined variables in individual cities. Significant differences were noted in the analysis results for specific cities, which were often grouped due to similar parameter values, forming clusters that divided Europe into the eastern and western parts. Moreover, substantial differences in results were obtained for women and men.
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ZAMFIR (GRIGORESCU), Mihaela, Maria MOGLAN, DragoÈ™ Cristian BOGDAN, and Mihai Viorel ZAMFIR. "Future cities’ architecture, architecture for active and healthy ageing." Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal 4, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25019/scrd.v4i2.76.
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Preamble: The worldwide trend of population ageing and in particular at European level produces paradigm shifts from which architecture is not an exception. According to UN, the percentage of older people (65+) will increase from 9% in 2019 to 16% in 2050 At the European level, the ageing trend is even more pronounced, in 2050 it is estimated that the percentage of older adults will reach 28%. This trend of demographic ageing is accompanied by the trend of urbanization.Objective: The paper investigates interdisciplinarly the way in which the architecture of the cities can intelligently support an active and healthy ageing, bringing into discussion the perspective of the age in the architecture.Preliminary studies: The paper starts from the relation of the concept of age-friendly with cities, architecture, communities, public space and is based on a critical appraisal of the literature in this research niche.Materials and Methods: The research is interdisciplinary, architecture-medicine-psychology-social gerontology-kinetotherapy, describing the aspects of ageing that architecture must take into account. Case studies are used, moving from residential to public space.Results: The present research proves the importance of the built environment both urban level and architectural object for a healthy lifestyle and a continuous participation in the city life. Models of good practice in Western Europe that provide opportunities for health, participation and security are revealed.Conclusions: The perspective of the age in architecture represents a change of paradigm essential for adapting the cities of the future. It is imperative the built environment to take into account the new age pyramid, to support the extension of active and healthy life and to contribute to the compression of morbidity. The architecture of the future’a cities should encourage active ageing, optimizing the opportunities for health, autonomy, participation and security in order to increase the quality of life and well-being.
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Lechowska, Ewa. "City Resilience to Population Ageing In the Context of Spatial (In)Accessibility. The Case of Poznań and Łódź." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 3, no. 348 (June 22, 2020): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.348.03.
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The ageing of the society is a serious factor affecting the prospects of urban development. Unfavourable demographic changes disturb the functioning of the urban system, thus forcing adaptive activities leading to a new state of balance in the organism of a city. The ageing of urban society requires a new look at the organisation of space in the city. The importance of planning age‑friendly cities is rising fast. Due to the low mobility of the elderly, it is important to plan their direct living environment, ensuring access to facilities or areas that meet the basic needs of this particular group of urban space users. As part of the answer to the question: to what extent the cities of Poznań and Łódź are resilient to the ageing process in spatial terms, an analysis was performed of the accessibility of green areas, sports and recreation facilities, service and commercial, cultural, healthcare facilities and public transport stops for the elderly population. This resulted in the delimitation of problem areas characterised by functional and spatial deficits and the development of the two cities’ resilience indexes to demographic changes, namely, ageing in spatial terms.
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Solecka, Katarzyna. "Elderly people's mobility needs in cities." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 1252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.262.
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Nowadays population ageing is one of the most important challenge in the world. In this paper basic definitions related to old age and population ageing were presented. Predictions of population growth in several dozen of years in different world regions were described in detail. Predictions taking the elderly people into account were emphasized. Based on available data, demographic changes in chosen EU countries were compared. In addition statistic data related to population in Poland and increase in the number of elderly people in several Polish regions were presented. The growth of elderly people in population influences many aspects of urban life. Statistic research shows that most of elderly people, despite of good mental fitness, meet some restrictions, that make their life in cities more difficult, especially including travelling and achieving basic travel purposes. Thus it is necessary to get knowledge on basic elderly people’s needs, as it allows to design cities which are friendly to seniors. The modal split in the elderly peoples’ journeys in EU countries was presented on the basis of the literature review. Also elderly people’s mobility needs as well as the most important factors influencing seniors’ mobility were identified.
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Zhao, Zhuojun. "Research on the Ageing of Smart Cities in China." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 8, no. 1 (September 14, 2023): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/8/20230025.
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This paper is based on the Seventh National Population Census Bulletin and the author's two years of experience working in a charitable organization in Shanghai, China. This paper aims to describe three trends- urbanization, digitalization of urban areas, and aging population-in China, and the problems the society, especially the elderly, is facing when these three inevitable tendencies intersect. The PEST model is used to analyze and describe the problem above. In the PEST model in this paper, different solutions were listed. In the PEST model, the author puts forward corresponding policy suggestions from the perspectives of politics (public administration), economy (fiscal and consumption problems of the elderly in the digital city), society (the life of the elderly under the epidemic policy), and technology (the use of digital products by the elderly). In terms of administration, a certain number of staff should be kept helping the elderly in governmental offices, or special passes should be opened for the elderly. Economically, protect the labor rights of the elderly and participate in their capable work. Keep offline consumption scenarios going and carry out aging adaptation. From a social perspective, it will facilitate the lives of the elderly in the epidemic era and reduce the nucleic acid code information procedure. Increase the mobile phone use education for the elderly from the perspective of science and technology.
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Premaratna, S. P., H. M. N. Padmasiri, I. W. Rathnayaka, G. K. D. Indeewari, and P. Kodippili Arachchi. "A Review of Literature on Sustainable Cities and Urban Ageing: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries." Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljssh.v3i1.86.
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The proportion of the elderly population is increasing rapidly. This trend demands measures and actions that enable elderly people to stay active and self-sufficient as long as possible. However, in cities, elderly people are more vulnerable to climate change, and socioeconomic changes since most city environments are designed to support the working population. Therefore age-friendly living environments and facilities are necessary to promote active ageing. Sustainable cities and ageing populations have been researched widely as separate concepts, but these two have not been researched together. The paper provides a review of empirical research on sustainable cities and urban ageing by giving a special focus on challenges and opportunities for developing countries. The review identifies eight domains in age-friendly cities: (1) outdoor spaces and buildings; (2) transportation; (3) housing; (4) social participation; (5) respect and social inclusion; (6) civic participation and employment; (7) communication and information; and (8) community support and health services. Challenging areas include elderly labour force participation, elderly caring, social security, inclusive urban infrastructure, urban poverty, and peace and security. As a policy implication, collective efforts should be made to formulate policies and programmes to keep the active and productive elderly in the labour market, community development, and decision-making process.
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Ziganshina, Liliya Eugenevna, Ekaterina V. Yudina, Liliya I. Talipova, Guzel N. Sharafutdinova, and Rustem N. Khairullin. "Smart and Age-Friendly Cities in Russia: An Exploratory Study of Attitudes, Perceptions, Quality of Life and Health Information Needs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 9212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249212.
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In Russia, initiatives for healthy ageing have been growing over the last two decades; however, none use an evidence-based (EB) approach. It is proposed that Kazan, a city with a population of over a million in the European part of Russia, has good chances of moving towards age-friendliness and contributing to raising awareness about healthy ageing through Cochrane evidence. One of the eight essential features of age-friendly cities by the World Health Organisation (WHO) directly points to health services. This exploratory study assesses the health information needs of the ageing population of Kazan and the challenges people face in improving their health and longevity. Survey data were used from 134 participants, patients, caregivers and healthcare providers of the Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Centre (ICDC), aged from 30 to over 80 years, and potential associations of the studied parameters with age, gender, quality of life and other characteristics were analysed. Older people (60+) were less positive about their quality of life, took medicines more often on a daily basis (10/16 compared to 29/117 of people under 60), encountered problems with ageing (9/16 compared to 21/117 of people under 60) and rated their quality of life as unsatisfactory (4/14 compared to 9/107 of people under 60). Awareness of EB approaches and Cochrane was higher within health professions (evidence-based medicine: 42/86 vs. 13/48; Cochrane: 32/86 vs. 2/48), and health information needs did not differ between age or gender groups or people with a satisfactory and unsatisfactory quality of life. The minority (10%—13/134) were aware of ageism without age or gender differences. The low awareness calls for the need of Cochrane intervention both for consumers and those in the health profession to raise awareness to contribute to Kazan moving towards an age-friendly city.
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Moulaert, Thibauld, and Anna Wanka. "Benches as Materialisations of (Active) Ageing in Public Space: First Steps towards a Praxeology of Space." Urban Planning 4, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i2.2012.
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In its promotion of “active ageing” through Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFCC) and the Global Network on AgeFriendly Cities and Communities (GNAFCC), the World Health Organization has developed a vision of ageing that links socio-spatial environments to personal lifestyles and community support. Approaching age-friendly environments from a “doing” perspective shifts our focus from such ideals to social practices, materialisations, and representations produced. Regularly referred to in AFCC discourse, public benches offer a great illustration for such materialisations. This article asks: what do benches tell us about the way ageing is framed and shaped in the AFCC discourse? How do benches themselves exhibit agency in it? Theoretically based on Lefebvrian social theory and critical gerontology, our reflexive article explores promotional/policy documents supporting AFCC worldwide, “good practices” shared by GNAFCC, and a series of European field observations around AFCC and benches and, finally, personal observations of ageing in public space around benches. Drawing on the Lefebvrian differentiation between representational benches, representations of benches, and social practices of benches, we show how benches can be considered as a socio-technical “assemblage” able to: 1) forge ambivalent representations and solutions for “active ageing” in public space, 2) illustrate, beyond the symbolic of space, the symbolic difficulties of “real” participative and multi-stakeholders governance promoted through “age-friendliness”, and 3) explore everyday life practices of “spatial expulsion” of “ageing in public space” for older adults. In conclusion, we suggest a major shift for the AFCC program by finding inspiration in African practices of “ageing in public space”.
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Goodman, M., L. Evans, E. Abrahall, J. Mccoy, and J. Rowe. "A Tale of Two Cities." Age and Ageing 24, suppl 2 (January 1, 1995): P20—P21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/24.suppl_2.p20-c.
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Adlakha, Deepti, Murali Krishna, Ryan Woolrych, and Geraint Ellis. "Neighbourhood Supports for Active Ageing in Urban India." Psychology and Developing Societies 32, no. 2 (August 22, 2020): 254–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333620937497.
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Developing urban environments that promote healthy, active living for older adults is at the forefront of global planning policy debates, resulting in concepts and design guidelines to support population ageing. However, current urban planning in India is overlooking the design of age-friendly cities. The share of older adults in India is estimated to increase from 8 per cent in 2015 to 20 per cent in 2050. This demographic shift towards a higher proportion of older adults and the associated health and social care expenditures make healthy ageing a public health priority. Existing studies in gerontology have focused on improving housing environments, but we are now understanding the significance of neighbourhood environments for active ageing. This study contributes to the knowledge on factors shaping active ageing in urban India. We present findings from 55 semi-structured interviews conducted with older adults (age > 60 years) in the metropolitan cities of New Delhi and Chennai in India. The findings explore three themes that emerged from this research: (a) neighbourhood design for active ageing, (b) social participation in community spaces and (c) navigating urban transport and mobility. Across these themes, this study highlights that access to neighbourhood amenities such as transportation, parks and green spaces, and opportunities for leisure and social interaction play a key role in determining older adults’ health and quality of life. In drawing on older adults’ lived experiences in their communities, this study informs policy efforts to improve neighbourhood supports for active ageing in urban India.
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Kim, Woo-Yung. "Can the difference in ageing across cities explain the divergence of human capital across cities in Korea?" Applied Economics Letters 23, no. 13 (December 21, 2015): 958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1125420.
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Rocha, Nelson, Ana Dias, Gonçalo Santinha, Mário Rodrigues, Alexandra Queirós, and Carlos Rodrigues. "A Systematic Review of Smart Cities’ Applications to Support Active Ageing." Procedia Computer Science 160 (2019): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.086.
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Weinsziehr, Theresa, Katrin Grossmann, Maria Gröger, and Thomas Bruckner. "Building retrofit in shrinking and ageing cities: a case-based investigation." Building Research & Information 45, no. 3 (April 6, 2016): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1152833.
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Kelc, Stanko. "Demographic characteristics of population of Slovenian cities in the first decade of 21st century." Journal for Geography 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rg.7.2.3866.
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We analyzed available statistical data to establish present demographic characteristics of the population of Slovenian cities and their recent changes. According to the statistical definition of cities the share of urban population in Slovenia represents half of its total population. The number of population in Slovenian cities is generally decreasing or stagnating, the coefficient of masculinity was growing in the last decade, but not much more than in Slovenia in general, the ageing of population was also a bit faster in urban areas and their ageing index is considerably higher than the Slovenian average. Urban areas also had a considerably larger share of immigrants from abroad in comparison with the national average while employed and unemployed persons were relatively equally distributed among urban and other areas. The level of education was considerably above the national average. We also compared natural growth data which showed that urban areas in 2002 experienced the decrease that was below national average and the increase in 2011 that was also lower than in Slovenia in general.
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Koukkari, Heli, and Leena Sarvakanta. "AGEING CHALLENGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2005.9637530.
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Ageing population and ageing infrastructure are two significant socioeconomic challenges, and business opportunities, for the construction sector in Europe. Utilisation of ICT in daily living is one of the future technology drivers. The principles of the Design for All (universal design) help to develop the built environment and its technologies in such a way that cities will be pleasant and supportive places for everybody. This paper considers the potential of new types of services and networking, which are very much under development at the moment and also under lively debate. The cost‐effectiveness ‐ and so the availability - of the home delivered services will be dependent on the accessibility of the urban areas.
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Gadakari, Tulika Suchit, Jingjing Wang, Karim Hadjri, and Junjie Huang. "Promoting Ageing-in-Place: Design of residential buildings for older people in China." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i6.965.
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Ageing-in-place is the most common ageing model in China. Therefore, design of age-friendly residential buildings and neighbourhoods becomes an important factor leading to improvement in older people’s health and quality of life. This paper presents the current situation of the ageing population in Chinese cities by qualitatively analysing existing literature, design standards and conducting stakeholder interviews to understand older people’s housing choices as well as establish physical design factors, challenges and potentials of residential design for older people. The findings will fill the knowledge gap of age-friendly residential models in China and guide better design to meet older people’s needs.
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Kline, Katherine. "Contribution of older urban residents." Journal of Public Space 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v3i1.329.
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UN-Habitat’s biennial World Urban Forum (WUF9) took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia this year from 7-13 February. Following 18 months after Habitat III, its theme appropriately focused on “Cities 2030, Cities for All”.I participated as the co-chair of the General Assembly of Partners (GAP) official civil society group for older persons. Given very limited resources, we organized several panels with others: an official 2 hour Older Persons Roundtable; one with GAP Persons with Disabilities on accessibility and universal design; another representing older women as part of the Women’s Assembly; a fourth contributing the civil society perspective to one by Business & Industry; and a fifth organized by City Space Architecture focusing on the importance of safe and accessible public spaces which can reduce isolation faced by many older urban residents.Urbanisation and population ageing are century defining demographic trends. Over 500 million urban residents are older people. Yet cities everywhere are failing to address the changes brought about by global population ageing with increasing inequality and insecurity. Physical, social and economic barriers prevent older people in particular from fully enjoying their rights and living in dignity and safety in cities. By 2030, older persons are expected to account for over 25 percent of the population in Europe and northern America, 17 percent in Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and six percent in Africa. Over half the ageing population, 289 million, currently lives in low- and middle-income countries, and is increasingly concentrated in urban areas. Older persons are the fastest growing population group globally, expected to reach 22% by 2050 (UNDESA 2017). In 2015, 58% of the world’s people aged 60 and over resided in urban areas, up from 50% in 2000.
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Zwicker, Manuel, Juergen Seitz, and Nilmini Wickramasinghe. "A Tale of Two Cities." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 4, no. 1 (January 2012): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2012010103.
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Over the last forty years, the average percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) spent on healthcare by members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries has risen considerably. Challenges including longer life expectancy, ageing population and technological changes have and continue to exponentially impact rising health expenditures. Reducing these expenditures as well as offering effective and efficient quality healthcare treatment has become a priority globally to healthcare. Technology and automation in general have the potential to reduce these costs; hence many countries are now looking at how to use information and communication technologies (ICT) in general and e-health solutions in particular to address these challenges. Hence, this paper focuses on such attempts by two countries. Specifically, it focuses on the German and Australian e-health solutions. The paper provides an assessment of these two solutions, the possibility for any lessons learnt with regard to designing and implementing successful and appropriate e-health solutions as well as understanding the major barriers and facilitators that must be addressed. Finally, ANT will be used to provide a rich lens to investigate the key issues in these respective e-health solutions.
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Pacheco Rocha, Dias, Santinha, Rodrigues, Queirós, and Rodrigues. "Smart Cities and Healthcare: A Systematic Review." Technologies 7, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7030058.
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Objectives: The study reported in this article aimed to identify: (i) the most relevant applications supported by smart city infrastructure with an impact on the provision of healthcare; (ii) the types of technologies being used; (iii) the maturity levels of the applications being reported; and (iv) major barriers for their dissemination. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on a literature search. Results: A total of 44 articles were retrieved. These studies reported on smart city applications to support population surveillance, active ageing, healthy lifestyles, disabled people, response to emergencies, care services organization, and socialization. Conclusions: Most of the included articles were either of a descriptive and conceptual nature or in an early stage of development, which means that a major barrier for their dissemination is their lack of concreteness.
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Ghebreyesus, Tedros Adhanom, and Alana Officer. "Growing Older in Cities: Addressing the Twin Challenges of Ageing and Urbanization." AARP International: The Journal 12 (January 23, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/int.00036.009.
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Bonvalet, Catherine, and Jim Ogg. "Ageing in Inner Cities The Residential Dilemmas of the Baby Boomer Generation." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 2, no. 2 (April 2, 2008): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.072261.
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Although residential mobility decreases with age, rates rise around the age of retirement, especially for people living in cities. The post-war birth cohort of 1945–1954 differs in many respects from previous generations, and these differences are currently influencing residential choices made around the age of retirement. Using data from 60 semi-structured interviews in four areas of London and Paris that have undergone gentrification, this paper examines the residential trajectories and choices facing members of the 1945–1954 birth cohort. The analysis reveals three types of residential trajectories – ’pioneers of gentrification’, ’city movers’ and ’local inhabitants’. These trajectories are intertwined with contextual factors such as life course events, family situation, housing market conditions, and the institutions of Britain and France. The analysis shows that pioneers of gentrification have more opportunities for choice in future residential locations, and are tending to adopt complex residential patterns that often involve a combination of extended stays throughout the year in different locations. Whilst they still favour a city life, their current neighbourhood location is not a priority in any future residential choice. City movers have lived in diverse locations over the life course and although they too express a continued preference for the city, ties to the local neighbourhood remain relatively weak. Among the ’local’ inhabitants, differentiation from the gentrifers is strong, and attachment to the local neighbourhood depends upon the context of the urban setting. The British and French contexts of housing policy and markets play an important role in determining residential mobility. Collectively, the analysis shows that there is little ’stability’ in the choices for current cohorts of people in cities approaching retirement, with few interviewees having formed a definitive plan for a future residential location.
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Sorensen, André. "Liveable Cities in Japan: Population Ageing and Decline as Vectors of Change." International Planning Studies 11, no. 3-4 (November 2006): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563470701231703.
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Cassarino, Marica, Rose Anne Kenny, and Annalisa Setti. "68The Geographies of Cognitive Ageing: Neighbourhood Distance from Cities and Cognitive Variations in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing." Age and Ageing 47, suppl_5 (September 1, 2018): v13—v60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy140.52.
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Medrano-Gil, Alejandro Martín, Silvia de los Ríos Pérez, Giuseppe Fico, Juan Bautista Montalvá Colomer, Gloria Cea Sáncez, Maria Fernanda Cabrera-Umpierrez, and María Teresa Arredondo Waldmeyer. "Definition of Technological Solutions Based on the Internet of Things and Smart Cities Paradigms for Active and Healthy Ageing through Cocreation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1949835.
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Existing initiatives to improve physical, mental, and social condition of senior citizens, which in Europe fall under the name of Active and Healthy Ageing, are including technological paradigms as main driver for innovation uptake. Among these paradigms, Smart Cities and the Internet of Things are of utmost importance. However, these initiatives may benefit from unified visions, efforts, and frameworks when it comes to defining technological solutions that take the most of both paradigms. We have defined an iterative approach, which combines user centred design techniques, technological development approaches, and a multifaceted adaptation process, to define a solution for Active and Healthy Ageing that makes use of the two paradigms. The solution is being defined in the context of two research and innovation projects, City4Age and ACTIVAGE, during which a solution is going to be defined and evaluated in the city of Madrid. Results show how Smart Cities and Internet of Things contribute to the solution, from a user (user needs and use cases) and a service delivery (technologies, architecture, and suppliers) perspective. In conclusion, we find the cocreation framework extremely useful for the Active and Health Ageing domain, and the proposed implementation of it is functioning, although there is room for improvement.
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Zhigaltsova, Tatiana. "Emotional tapestry of small cities." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 46, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.v46i2.102863.
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The paper investigates the emotional foundation of sense of place in small urban environments. The study was based on an anonymous questionnaire exploring various emotions in relation to urban environments in two small northern cities Haparanda (Sweden) and Tornio (Finland). The study revealed that senior citizens mentioned emotions connected to the past (sorrow), active living (interest, joy), and solitude (ease) more frequently than any other emotions, and attributed these to such places as historical buildings, churches, cemeteries, swimming pools, etc. The border betweenthe two cities was marked by mixed emotions, both positive and negative. To visualize emotions and places of emotions in Tornio and Haparanda, as well as for insight into the boundaries of emotional urban environments, the author created emotion maps of these cities. The maps visually resemble multi-colored tapestries with emotions as nodes, which inspired the title of this paper. This study allowed expanding the scope of the anthropology of emotions by the inclusion of territorial focus in the study of small urban environments. In the context of world-wide population ageing tendency, weneed to study places of emotions to come up with a comprehensive and integral approach to city planning policies, and to create more adaptable and age-friendly urban environments.
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Klempić Bogadi, Sanja, and Sonja Podgorelec. "Sociodemografske značajke i procesi u hrvatskim obalnim gradovima." Geoadria 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.552.
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Polarisation processes, which began in Croatia in the 1950's, resulted in disparate socio-economic development, in an uneven spatial distribution of the population, and in a concentration of people, jobs and housing in urban settlements. Coastal cities, as hubs and agents of socio-economic development, in their regions became focal points for the concentration of the population, while islands and hinterland areas suffered depopulation and demographic ageing. Intense in-migration had a positive influence on the demographic development of coastal cities. They became hotbeds of bioreproduction and up to the most recent intercensus period (1991–2001) displayed dynamic population growth. However political and economic changes in this recent period, together with the effects of the war, deepened and accelerated increasingly unfavourable demographic processes, which were reflected in an overall reduction of the population of coastal Adriatic cities, as well as in a deterioration of its structure. Decreasing fertility, demographic ageing and changes in life values brought about a transformation of the family, and hence changes in the size of households and in the relations among family members. The general trend today involves a gradual reduction in the number of household members, and a continuous increase in the number of two and one-member households.
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Parkinson, James. "Demographic shifts: how an increasing “active Third Age” could come to shape the future of our cities." Working with Older People 18, no. 2 (June 3, 2014): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wwop-03-2014-0008.
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Purpose – This paper is adapted from a Royal Institute of British Architects Building Futures project and is intended to stimulate discussion around the impact that the ageing population could have on the way cities of the near future are designed (and lived in); specifically the positive contribution that an active, older generation could make to both society and the economy in the UK. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Following a public debate and a series of roundtable discussions with experts across a wide range of disciplines from architecture and urban design to gerontology, in both academia and practice, the project team developed a series of potential future scenarios; speculations that draw out the potential positive contribution that an active Third Age could make, both socially and economically. Findings – The author has made a series of practical recommendations for architecture and design professions related to the speculative scenarios presented that they believe would begin to harness the potential of an active Third Age whilst mitigating some of the likely challenges. It is imperative that ageing becomes part of the mainstream debate on city design and planning. Research limitations/implications – Whilst the scenarios presented respond directly to trends – key drivers of change – identified and evidenced, they remain speculations to stimulate debate and are not themselves grounded in rigour. Practical implications – The practice of architecture, urban design and planning must better recognise the implications of an ageing population and look for ways of harnessing the opportunities that this presents, whilst addressing the clear challenges. Urban policy must also better reflect a shifting demographic landscape and adapt appropriately to encourage the necessary innovation in this area if they are to make a successful transition to an older population in the coming decades. Social implications – The author hopes that this work begins to reposition ageing – and particularly active ageing – as a positive opportunity for both society and the national economy, shifting the debate from one currently focused on challenges and the potential public sector burden. Originality/value – There is little in the way of progressive thought as to how architecture, planning and urban policy can better accommodate an older population and ensure that cities embrace the whole population for the duration of their lifetime, whatever that may be.
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Chivers, Sally. "“With Friends Like These”: Unpacking Panicked Metaphors for Population Ageing." Societies 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11030069.
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Age studies scholars have long noted problems with using a tsunami metaphor to describe population ageing. Age-friendly offers a new way to respond to an increase in older adults. Though critical gerontologists identify the related movement’s limits, “age-friendly” itself is rarely recognized as a metaphor. This paper proposes that, while the metaphor of age-friendly is more benign than that of the tsunami, it still portrays an ageing population as a homogenous problem to be solved through morally obligatory individual actions, thereby participating in a form of age panic. The analysis draws on a humanities-based close reading of the World Health Organization’s 2007 “Global Age-Friendly Cities: A Guide.” The method uncovers attitudes that anchor the metaphor and hamper the movement’s effectiveness, particularly when trying to reach people who have not already been well served all their lives. The emphasis on a narrow version of active ageing feeds a neoliberal imagination that affects how value is assigned to an ageing population. That underlying emphasis needs to shift before new metaphors, policies and practices for population ageing—that allow for the variability and uniqueness of late-life experience—can take hold. How might we reconceptualize the ageing population if we focus on contributions and meaning instead?
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GORCZYCA, KATARZYNA, and TADEUSZ GRABIŃSKI. "Ageing in place: residential satisfaction in Polish housing-estate communities." Ageing and Society 38, no. 12 (June 22, 2017): 2410–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000630.
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ABSTRACTDuring the period of economic and political transformations in Poland, considerable changes occurred in large housing estates, while demographic transformation and housing-stock ageing starting to aggravate social and spatial problems. The serious issue currently dominating such estates concerns the process of natural ageing of the housing stock and residential ageing which is associated with the reduction of residential mobility and demographic ageing of people living in the large housing estates. This paper intends to identify ageing of the estates’ population in the context of the evaluation of residential life quality. The authors concentrated on analysis of 2002 and 2011 statistical data, as well as data collected during their field surveys conducted in 2010–2012. Detailed studies were carried out on seven estates in five cities and towns in Poland (Kraków, Poznań, Tarnów, Żyrardów and Dzierżoniów). To identify the residential standard and quality of life, surveys were conducted on housing estates which allowed the researchers to establish the essential factors which determined the level of satisfaction of older people with regard to their place of residence. The authors also determined the course of changes in the perception of particular aspects of life quality in the process of residents’ ageing in the selected places of residence.
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Lai, Daniel W. L., Yong-Xin Ruan, Julia Juan Wang, Emma H. S. Liu, and Jia-Jia Zhou. "Experience of Chinese Recent Retirees on the Effects of Retirement on Healthy Ageing in Shenzhen and Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 2820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042820.
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This study examined perspectives of recent retirees in Shenzhen and Hong Kong on how retirement influenced their healthy ageing. It investigated retirees’ perceptions of healthy ageing and the ways in which healthy ageing connected with retirees’ transition into retirement. A qualitative design with narrative interviews was used to interview twelve recent retirees in Shenzhen and thirteen in Hong Kong. The participants elaborated their perspectives on healthy ageing, which covered physical, mental, social, and financial domains. Retirees in both cities identified healthy ageing as maintaining an independent life and avoiding becoming a burden on family members. This study found that retirement declined physical health (in parallel with raised awareness of health promotion), posed both negative and positive influences on mental health, and shrank peripheral social networks of retirees. In addition, regional social welfare systems have different impacts on retirees’ financial security and social participation. Retirees in Hong Kong reported higher stress of financial security and a strong desire for labor participation. Migrant–local welfare gaps were documented by retirees in Shenzhen. This study suggested that retirement planning, establishing a multi-pillar retirement-protection system, and narrowing the welfare gap between migrants and local residents should be implemented to reinforce healthy ageing.
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van Leeuwen, Kees, Jan Hofman, Peter Driessen, and Jos Frijns. "The Challenges of Water Management and Governance in Cities." Water 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061180.
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Combined impacts of sea-level rise, river flooding, increased frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall, heatwaves, water scarcity, water pollution, ageing or lacking infrastructures for water, wastewater and solid waste in rapidly urbanising regions in the world call for improved water management and governance capacity in cities to accelerate the transition to water-wise cities. The sixteen contributions to this Special Issue create further awareness and present solutions on integrated approaches, advanced water management practices and water governance strategies. It is concluded that cities require a long-term strategy and a multilevel water governance approach. Research has shown how important it is to involve the civil society and private parties early on in this process to create success. Collaboration among cities and regions by sharing best practices for rapid implementation are crucial to cope with nearly all Sustainable Development Goals.
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Jukic, Marijan, and Hafiz T. A. Khan. "Spatial pattern of structural ageing in eastern Croatia: evolution and explanations." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 9, no. 2 (November 13, 2015): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.2015_159253.
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This article aims to examine the ageing situation and social policy issues in the Osijek-Baranja County of eastern Croatia. Using historical evidence from census data, research suggests that the evolution of the ageing pattern has been mainly determined by such factors as development of the transport system, changes in political-territorial organisation, supply of jobs in the cities, deagrarianisation and a domestic war in the 1990s. The increased importance of urban centres, through planned industrialisation and administrative centralisation, has accelerated and intensified rural-tourban migration. Consequently, the spatial pattern of structural ageing has been substantially affected. A significant variation was found in urban and rural areas and also within sub-regional units. The findings suggest that the evolution of spatial disparities in the ageing pattern is because of unplanned migration; spatial differences in the level of socio-economic development; the influence of tradition, such as higher fertility rates historically in some areas; and suburbanisation, notably around the city of Osijek. The article concludes that ageing is affecting the country’s economic growth and the formal and informal social support systems, including the provision of resources for older citizens in the endangered areas.
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Garvey, Pauline, and Xinyuan Wang. "Ageing and the Transportal Home." Anthropology & Aging 44, no. 2 (September 12, 2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2023.420.
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Taking a comparative approach to two field sites – Shanghai in China and Dublin in Ireland – this paper explores the relationship between ageing, home, and the impact of the smartphone on domestic space. Although Shanghai and Dublin are extremely diverse contexts, both have seen rapid social shifts in recent decades, and domestic life seems to reflect these changes. Here, we outline how older people reconfigure their lives through the manipulation of their homes, variously upsizing, downsizing, and rightsizing – but also through sifting through their possessions, decluttering, and adopting or adapting to new domestic spaces in different ways. However, whereas these material practices may be found in cities worldwide, we examine the smartphone in domestic environments and consider how the digital expands, create, blurs, or traverses conventional views of the home in each field site. A central concept here is the ‘transportal home’ (Miller et al. 2021). Weaving perspectives from material and digital approaches in anthropology, we explore and expand the notion of the transportal home, as outlined in the comparative book, The Global Smartphone (Miller et al., 2021) and reiterated in brief here. We adopt this concept but take it further by asking how the transportal home differs in both fieldwork sites. This leads us to question the role of the transportal home in Shanghai and Dublin in terms of mediating, blurring, or traversing domestic boundaries, or expanding or shrinking social and architectural environments. Through these practices, conventional notions of home itself are challenged.