Academic literature on the topic 'Aged care policy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aged care policy"
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Fine, Micharl. "Aged care, ethics and public policy." Contemporary Nurse 11, no. 2-3 (December 2001): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/conu.11.2-3.109.
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Dethlefs, Noriko, and Brian Martin. "Japanese technology policy for aged care." Science and Public Policy 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154306781779163.
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Reymond, Liz, Fiona J. Israel, and Margaret A. Charles. "A residential aged care end-of-life care pathway (RAC EoLCP) for Australian aged care facilities." Australian Health Review 35, no. 3 (2011): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10899.
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The objective of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate an end-of-life (terminal) care pathway and associated infrastructure suitable for Australian residential aged care facilities that improves resident and health system outcomes. The residential aged care end-of-life care pathway was developed by a multidisciplinary collaboration of government and non-government professionals and incorporated best clinical management for dying residents to guide care and increase palliative care capacity of generalist staff. Implementation included identifying and up-skilling Link Nurses to champion the pathway, networking facilities with specialist palliative care services, delivering education to generalists and commencing a Palliative Care Medication Imprest System in each facility. The primary outcome measure for evaluation was transfer to hospital; secondary measures included staff perceived changes in quality of palliative care provided and family satisfaction with care. Results indicated that the pathway, delivered within a care framework that guides provision of palliative care, resulted in improved resident outcomes and decreased inappropriate transfers to acute care settings. What is known about the topic? Residential aged care facilities (RACFs) are the hospices of today. Many RACF staff are not confident in the delivery of high quality palliative care, resulting in inappropriate transfers of dying residents to acute care facilities. Needs-based palliative care pathways are being used increasingly to direct care in a variety of healthcare environments. What does this paper add? Provides the first evidence in Australia that a residential aged care end-of-life care pathway (RAC EoLCP) improves outcomes of care for dying residents and results in fewer residents being inappropriately transferred to acute care facilities. What are the implications for practitioners? Use of the RAC EoLCP will improve resident and health system outcomes by guiding the delivery of high quality palliative care and improving the palliative care capacity of generalist health providers.
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Barnett, Kate. "AGED CARE POLICY FOR A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY." Australian Journal on Ageing 7, no. 4 (November 1988): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.1988.tb00334.x.
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Short, Leonie M. "Patient leadership in aged care." Australian Health Review 46, no. 4 (August 4, 2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah22162.
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Tin Ng, Guat. "Learning from Japanese Experience in Aged Care Policy." Asian Social Work and Policy Review 1, no. 1 (September 2007): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-1411.2007.00004.x.
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Howe, Anna L. "Recent Developments in Aged Care Policy in Australia." Journal of Aging & Social Policy 13, no. 2-3 (July 25, 2002): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j031v13n02_08.
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Fisher, Karen R., Xiaoyi Zhang, and Max Alston. "Shanghai aged care and Confucian welfare." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 9/10 (September 10, 2018): 722–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2018-0003.
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Purpose Some social policy theorists assert that East Asia has a distinct social welfare regime that due to the influence of Confucian values relies on families more than in other countries. This theorisation has been questioned, partly because it is a static, reductive generalisation. The purpose of this paper is to ask whether this characterisation is relevant to aged care services in Shanghai. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data from ageing profile statistics, policy documents and ethnographic fieldwork to examine Shanghai aged care services. Findings These data show a growing reliance and preference for state aged care service provision to complement family care. It finds that changes in Shanghai aged care services in the last ten years have moved towards a model with similar patterns in high-income countries. It suggests that differences in the service system that were attributed to Confucian values were more likely due to the degree of economic development and internationalisation. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by re-examining the structure of Shanghai’s welfare regime in the context of the dynamic nature of aged care services and preferences of older people.
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Lowe, Julia, and Draginja Kasap. "Reorganisation of an ailing aged care service." Australian Health Review 25, no. 6 (2002): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020156a.
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This paper evaluates the impact of reorganisation of geriatric and general medical services in a tertiary referral hospital. The patients involved were predominantly elderly with multiple medical problems. We used an iterative process of bed utilisation review, stakeholder consultation and service remodelling to improve bed management. Reduced length of stay and increased throughput allowed closure of between 22 and 30 beds and generated recurrent cost savings of $900,000 annually. Even under pressure it is possible to describe and evaluate the process of change. Such description and evaluation may help to avoid expensive mistakes.
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Wise, Sarah. "Staffing policy in aged care must look beyond the numbers." Australian Health Review 44, no. 6 (2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20312.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an aged care system struggling to meet the needs of vulnerable Australians. Staffing levels and skill mix in aged care have declined, whereas the health and social needs of an older and more clinically complex population have risen. Increasing staff and improving personal care workers’ skills and education are essential steps to quality aged care in Australia, but it will not be possible without funding models that foster secure employment, development opportunities and long-term career pathways.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aged care policy"
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De, Bellis Anita Marie, and anita debellis@flinders edu au. "Behind Open Doors - A Construct of Nursing Practice in an Australian Residential Aged Care Facility." Flinders University. School of Nursing & Midwifery, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061107.122002.
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This thesis explored the relationship between the discourses of nursing care, the nursing care provision, and the perceived nursing care needs of three highly dependent residents in a residential aged care facility in Australia. Residential aged care in this country has undergone major reforms since 1987 and the nursing profession has struggled with these changes because of the documentation, validation, and accreditation requirements; the inadequate determination of dependency on nursing care for funding; the Registered Nurse (RN) being removed from the bedside to a role of scribe and delegator; the increasing acuity and complexity of the residents' needs; an increase in the turnover of residents; a rise in the nursing staff attrition rate; the delivery of care by untrained and unqualified persons; the RN being accountable and responsible for the care given by 'non-nurses' from a distance; and, the inadequate skill mix and staff to resident ratios provided in these institutions. The interest of this thesis was to research gerontological nursing practice in the context of residential aged care.
Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) in Australia that care for the highly dependent elderly were identified in the thesis as disciplinary institutions that used 'subjectivation' as a means to control the efficiency and effectiveness of the labour force and the 'docile' bodies of the residents, whilst at the same time the government rhetoric is that of the quality of life standards and the rights of residents in these institutions. As well as the discourse analysis, an historical overview of the aged care reforms in Australia was undertaken for the period from 1975 to 2006 that demonstrated the effects the reforms have had on the voice of nurses and nursing care in these institutions. This analysis highlighted where nurses have been silenced and found the federal government determining what is nursing care and what is not nursing care, and also who is providing this nursing care.
Using a case study approach and discourse analysis each of the three residents was studied using data from five sources namely the resident or relative, a RN, a careworker (CW), the current documentation pertaining to the resident's nursing care, and the non-participant observation of the nursing care provided. These discourses on the nursing care and perceived residents' nursing care needs were analysed using the theoretical base developed from the philosophy and research interest of Michel Foucault (1926-1984), who questioned the apparatus and institutions of Western cultures and searched for discontinuities in the practices of what he termed 'disciplines'.
The results of the discourse analysis found nursing care practices that were alarming around the residents' perceived nursing care needs, the documentation of the nursing care provision, and the observed 'actual' nursing care provided. A questionable standard of nursing care was evidenced even though this facility had recently been accredited. A custodial level of mechanistic care was provided to residents in an extremely noisy and public environment within a culture of haste and bustle by unknowledgeable CWs, under the distant gaze of a RN, and the direction of the government documentation requirements. This resulted in unsafe, unethical, unprofessional, and negligent practices, as well as fraudulent, illegal, and dangerously out of date documentation practices. This was ultimately affecting each resident's quality of life, nursing care, and wellbeing and was an added burden on the residents' relatives. Many discontinuities, dissonances, conflicts, and contradictions in nursing practice were uncovered for these three highly dependent residents that may be transferable and similar to other highly dependent residents in this and other institutions. Indeed it may mirror other disciplines that provide care services, such as mental health care, acute care, and disability care provision.
The concerns for the nursing profession have epistemological, ethical, and political ramifications for the residents and their relatives, the nurses, the non-nurses doing nursing work, the government, and the industry. Epistemologically new nursing 'knowledges' were being developed that were not resident focussed or based on evidence. Ethically, the legislated rights of residents were not being supported, despite the accreditation, funding, and complaint mechanisms in place - and this has the potential to have punitive ramifications for the industry. Professionally and politically, CWs were identified as non-nurses doing nursing work of a poor standard. This care was not based on accepted nursing practice, but developed through the documentation requirements of the federal government department, the applied constraints, and the CWs themselves. Furthermore, the documentation requirements were found to be a pretence in regard to funding through validation and accreditation, as well as a charade in nursing practice.
There is presently a substantial third level of nurses who are identified legally and political as non-nurses doing non-nursing work (known as 'personal' care); but these non-nurses are doing nursing work and are identified by the nursing profession and the public as 'nurses' doing nursing work. These non-nurses who provided nursing care are not educated, licensed, or regulated, and are not accountable professionally to nurses or legally to the public. It is proposed that CWs are in need of licensing under nurses' boards requiring at the very least a minimum of training and education. It is further proposed that documentation requirements resort back to professional nursing documentation; funding be dependent on an predetermined minimum skill mix and staff/resident ratio; and the funding of residents be based on a minimum data set and untied from nursing practice. The professional nursing practice of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing care needs resorting to a nursing domain of knowledge, practice, accountability, responsibility, and documentation.
If an acceptable quality of life is to be realised for residents in the residential aged care system, given that highly dependent residents are reliant on quality nursing care that is fundamentally imperative to their very quantity and quality of life, then changes in the residential aged care system and the nursing profession will be necessary. This thesis will contribute to opening up such dialogue between the government, the industry, and the nursing profession in Australia, and it also highlights areas of aged care nursing practice in need of further research.
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Venturato, Lorraine V. "A practice divided: Registered nurses' experience of policy and reform in residential aged care." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36785/1/36785_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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With the increase in the percentage of the population aged over 65 years, there is increased pressure on the health care system and the nursing profession to provide quality, cost effective care to meet this growing demand for aged care services. As a result, residential aged care services in Australia have undergone a period of extensive reform, including policy and funding changes, impacting on all areas of practice. This demand for high quality, cost effective aged care requires both the involvement of committed professionals and the development and implementation of appropriate plans and policy.
This study explores the experiences of registered nurses in residential aged care facilities and how these experiences are shaped by government aged care policy and reform. By posing the research questions: How do registered nurses experience everyday practice in residential aged care? and What influence have policy and reform processes had on registered nurses' experience of their everyday practice? this study aims to further develop understanding of aged care practice and the contextual factors that define it. Thus, the purpose of this study is to challenge registered nurses to reflect on their role in residential aged care (what they do), and through examination of policy and reform (why they do it), explore nursing practices and options for service delivery aimed at creating a care environment of excellence for older Australians.
The qualitative research methodology designed for this study is based on a critical hermeneutics approach informed by the works of Gadamer and Habermas. Such an approach recognises the historical, contextual and linguistic basis for interpretation and critique. While Gadamer provides direction for the study to reveal an understanding of registered nurses' experiences, Habermas provides insight into the role of critique in understanding the contextual conditions of such experience. Ultimately, this study seeks to make explicit the cultural and political meanings that operate to establish meaning and context in residential aged care in Australia.
Fourteen (14) registered nurses practising in both public and charitable residential aged care facilities were interviewed as part of this study. Registered nurses from high, low and mixed care facilities were interviewed in-depth. Journal notes provided insight into assumptions and prejudices involved in interpretation and facilitated the critical examination of practice experiences within the residential aged care context.
Findings suggest that residential aged care is a complex and challenging environment, full of tensions, contradictions and frustrations for registered nurses employed within the system. Three aspects of the experiences of aged care practice are revealed in this study: Searching for Value; Dealing with Change; and Dividing Practice. The search for value reveals the tensions registered nurses experience in seeking to reconcile those aspects of practice that construct meaning and value in their everyday practice with dominant social and professional values that fail to acknowledge the value of ageing and aged care. Dealing with change is an everyday aspect of practice for registered nurses as they struggle to redefine their roles and responsibilities within a changing environment. This struggle highlights the tensions that exist between traditional nursing roles and their expanding managerial responsibilities. Registered nurses also identified conflicts in caring as a result of their changing roles, which have resulted in a division of practice. These conflicts in caring contribute to the tensions experienced between registered nurses and other stakeholders in residential aged care in relation to everyday practice and quality of care.
Findings indicate that aged care policy and reform have a significant impact on the experiences of registered nurses in residential aged care and contribute to the tensions, challenges and frustrations facing nurses in their everyday practice. These findings indicate that aged care policy and reform processes are integral in the restructuring of practice in residential aged care. This analysis illuminates the ways in which aged care policy constructs the tensions and evident contradictions within registered nurses' roles. Based on these findings, recommendations for practice and further research encourage cooperation between government, service providers and the nursing profession to assist registered nurses to reconcile past, present and future practices in order to redefine practice and meaning in residential aged care.
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Liu, Sherry T. "Behavioral, Policy, and Environmental Approaches to Obesity Prevention in Preschool-Aged Children." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1395108013.
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Hansen, Annissa Margaret. "Shaping aged care work through technology: A senior manager affordance perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208914/1/Annissa_Hansen_Thesis.pdf.
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This research identifies the affordances of technology in aged care from the perspectives of senior managers. Interviews with Executives and Directors in a large aged care provider, an aged care industry body, and an aged care technology developer revealed the numerous ways in which technology shapes the aged care work environment. The findings suggest that government, aged care organisations, and technology providers need to balance the efficiencies of technology adoption with the humanistic nature of aged care work.
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Leung, Man-fuk Edward. "An analysis of policy on residential nursing care for the elderly in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236222.
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Fleming, Brian James. "The social gradient in health : trends in C20th ideas, Australian Health Policy 1970-1998, and a health equity policy evaluation of Australian aged care planning /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf5971.pdf.
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Hampson, R. "Setting policy in concrete: the impact of the built environment on older people who live in residential aged care facilities." University of Melbourne, 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3425.
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Residents of residential aged care facilities live out the last days of their lives in an institutional environment. These facilities can potentially liberate and/or constrain. The voice of actual residents has been little explored to date. Critical gerontology, which underpins the study, demands that researchers endeavour to understand the lived experience of the older person.This thesis focuses on the impact of the built environment on older people (without dementia) who live in residential aged care facilities. Based on original research undertaken in Victoria and some of the latest thinking from Australia and overseas the study was undertaken using mixed methods. The research involved a review of the literature, in depth small group interviews with residents, staff, family and carers, and surveys and a best practice forum with architects and managers.
The research identified and explored the key areas of concern for each of these stakeholders, considering how residential aged care services could do more to improve the quality of life for residents through the built environment. Three key areas emerged from the study. Firstly, the journey the residents make in their time in the RACF and how the built environment impacts on their quality of life in place and over time. Secondly, the ‘frames of reference’ the key informants to the study hold are explored and how they can impact on the design process. Finally, by analysing the data collected and placing the resident at the centre, a model is proposed which holds potential and significance in relation to the development of RACFs in the future
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O'Reilly, Maria Therese. "Clinical indicators of quality for Australian residential aged care facilities : establishing reliability, validity, and quality thresholds." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40314/1/Maria_O%27Reilly_Thesis.pdf.
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Background: In response to the need for more comprehensive quality assessment within Australian residential aged care facilities, the Clinical Care Indicator (CCI) Tool was developed to collect outcome data as a means of making inferences about quality. A national trial of its effectiveness and a Brisbane-based trial of its use within the quality improvement context determined the CCI Tool represented a potentially valuable addition to the Australian aged care system. This document describes the next phase in the CCI Tool.s development; the aims of which were to establish validity and reliability of the CCI Tool, and to develop quality indicator thresholds (benchmarks) for use in Australia. The CCI Tool is now known as the ResCareQA (Residential Care Quality Assessment). Methods: The study aims were achieved through a combination of quantitative data analysis, and expert panel consultations using modified Delphi process. The expert panel consisted of experienced aged care clinicians, managers, and academics; they were initially consulted to determine face and content validity of the ResCareQA, and later to develop thresholds of quality. To analyse its psychometric properties, ResCareQA forms were completed for all residents (N=498) of nine aged care facilities throughout Queensland. Kappa statistics were used to assess inter-rater and test-retest reliability, and Cronbach.s alpha coefficient calculated to determine internal consistency. For concurrent validity, equivalent items on the ResCareQA and the Resident Classification Scales (RCS) were compared using Spearman.s rank order correlations, while discriminative validity was assessed using known-groups technique, comparing ResCareQA results between groups with differing care needs, as well as between male and female residents. Rank-ordered facility results for each clinical care indicator (CCI) were circulated to the panel; upper and lower thresholds for each CCI were nominated by panel members and refined through a Delphi process. These thresholds indicate excellent care at one extreme and questionable care at the other. Results: Minor modifications were made to the assessment, and it was renamed the ResCareQA. Agreement on its content was reached after two Delphi rounds; the final version contains 24 questions across four domains, enabling generation of 36 CCIs. Both test-retest and inter-rater reliability were sound with median kappa values of 0.74 (test-retest) and 0.91 (inter-rater); internal consistency was not as strong, with a Chronbach.s alpha of 0.46. Because the ResCareQA does not provide a single combined score, comparisons for concurrent validity were made with the RCS on an item by item basis, with most resultant correlations being quite low. Discriminative validity analyses, however, revealed highly significant differences in total number of CCIs between high care and low care groups (t199=10.77, p=0.000), while the differences between male and female residents were not significant (t414=0.56, p=0.58). Clinical outcomes varied both within and between facilities; agreed upper and lower thresholds were finalised after three Delphi rounds. Conclusions: The ResCareQA provides a comprehensive, easily administered means of monitoring quality in residential aged care facilities that can be reliably used on multiple occasions. The relatively modest internal consistency score was likely due to the multi-factorial nature of quality, and the absence of an aggregate result for the assessment. Measurement of concurrent validity proved difficult in the absence of a gold standard, but the sound discriminative validity results suggest that the ResCareQA has acceptable validity and could be confidently used as an indication of care quality within Australian residential aged care facilities. The thresholds, while preliminary due to small sample size, enable users to make judgements about quality within and between facilities. Thus it is recommended the ResCareQA be adopted for wider use.
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Summers, Michael. "Great expectations : a policy case study of four case management programs in one organisation /." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2182.
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Four different case management programs delivered by UnitingCare Community Options (UCCO) in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne were examined against the expectations of case management as a policy solution to a range of perceived policy problems at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels. The micro-level expectations were related to client and family experiences of the service system and outcomes. At the meso-level expectations were focused on perceived service delivery problems such as poor matching of services to the needs of ‘complex’ clients including a lack of integration, flexibility and responsiveness to clients’ needs and preferences. Perceived macro-level policy problems were concerned with a variety of issues including increasing rates of institutionalisation, increasing costs to governments, lack of economic efficiency and the desire to create market or quasi-market conditions in the community care service delivery sector. (For complete abstract open document)
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Ding, Hua, and 丁華. "In the trend of "socializing social welfare" policy: a study on service quality and social capital in thesociety-run home for the aged in Beijing, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558952.
Full textBooks on the topic "Aged care policy"
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Fletcher, P. What future for category 1 sheltered housing?: Updating ideas, policy and practice. Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press, 2001.
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Aged care: Old policies, new problems. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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author, Concannon Thomas W., Liu Jodi L. author, Friedman, Esther M., 1976- author, and Rand Corporation, eds. Improving dementia long-term care: A policy blueprint. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2014.
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Bruen, Brian K. Medicaid eligibility policy for aged, blind, and disabled beneficiaries. Washington, DC: AARP Public Policy Insitute, 2003.
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Staines, Verdon S. Policy choices for long-term care. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 1991.
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United States. Congressional Budget Office., ed. Policy choices for long-term care. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 1991.
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Staines, Verdon S. Policy choices for long-term care. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 1991.
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Staines, Verdon S. Policy choices for long-term care. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 1991.
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Staines, Verdon S. Policy choices for long-term care. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 1991.
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Carl, Eisdorfer, Kessler David A. 1951-, and Spector Abby N, eds. Caring for the elderly: Reshaping health policy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Aged care policy"
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Brijnath, Bianca, and Andrew Simon Gilbert. "Aged Care Policy and Structural Burden: Transnational Ambiguities in India and Australia." In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_41-1.
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Valokivi, Heli. "The Aged People in the Transitional Elder Care Policy and Service System in Northern Finland." In International Perspectives on Aging, 47–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20603-1_4.
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Eckermann, Simon. "Policy Implications and Applications Across Health and Aged Care Reform with Baby Boomer Ageing - from Age and Dementia Friendly Communities to Palliative Care." In Health Economics from Theory to Practice, 279–320. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50613-5_12.
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Lee, Po-Chang, Yu-Pin Chang, and Yu-Yun Tung. "Comprehensive Policies." In Digital Health Care in Taiwan, 55–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05160-9_4.
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AbstractWith the sharply escalating medical expenses, the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) has implemented a number of programs to contain expenditure, deliver patient-centered health care, and meet the medical needs of the super-aged society that Taiwan will face in the future.Taiwan has followed the steps of many advanced countries to separate medicine and pharmacy to promote medication safety. In this chapter, we describe various obstacles and contingent approaches to implementing a policy that is quite against the social norm. The outcome was analyzed to evaluate the effect of this controversial policy. To connect long-term care seamlessly after hospital discharge, discharge planning and follow-up management fees are covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI). The NHIA has also endeavored to encourage two-way referrals in the tiered medical care structure since 2017, hoping to improve the efficiency of the overall healthcare system through the redistribution of workload and the continuity of health care. Therefore, in addition to increasing the reimbursement for hospitalization and emergency treatment, differences in co-payment for referral visits from different levels of hospitals were applied to encourage better healthcare-seeking behavior. We also discuss the decision-making process of the on-going co-payment adjustment at the end of the chapter.
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Böcker, Anita, Vincent Horn, and Cornelia Schweppe. "National Old-Age Care Regimes and the Emergence of Transnational Long-Term Care Arrangements for the Elderly." In Transnational Social Policy, 222–42. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016. | Series: Routledge advances in sociology: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315665498-11.
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Bell, Martin, and Jim Cooper. "Measuring Spatial Variations in Wellness Among Australia’s Rural Aged." In Demography for Planning and Policy: Australian Case Studies, 155–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22135-9_9.
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She, Xiaoye. "Local Agency in Old-Age Care: Articulating State, Society, and Family." In Understanding Local Agency in China’s Policy Reform, 197–239. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76212-4_7.
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Murthy, R., P. Raja, and R. Sundaram. "Issues, Challenges, and Innovation in Age Care: Case Study of Nightingales Medical Trust." In Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy, 1–30. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_51-1.
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Yao, Yudong, and Haiming Tan. "Macroeconomic Effects and Policy Challenges of Population Ageing in China." In Annual Report on Financing Old Age Care in China (2017), 37–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0968-7_3.
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Liu, Jianyu, and Xuecheng Zhang. "Bank Offerings of Wealth Management Products: Market Innovations and Policy Guidance." In Annual Report on Financing Old Age Care in China (2017), 217–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0968-7_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Aged care policy"
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PENG, Wei, and Mizhi YAN. "The Development Status and Thinking of Infant Care for Children Aged 0-3 Years in China under the Background of “Three-child Policy”." In 2022 International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities and Arts (SSHA 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220401.096.
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Soares Bicalho, Thamires, Ana Paula Ferreira, Larissa Azevedo da Hora, Roberta Lastorina Rios, Thaís Aparecida de Castro Palermo, and Carolina Magalhães Santos. "Neonatal mortality: the profile of deaths in the state of Rio de Janeiro." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212406.
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Deaths that occur up to 27 days of life are related to maternal and child health. However, the health of the mother-child binomial is built from the beginning of family planning, the responsibility of prenatal care; the technical conduction of childbirth and postpartum with a sensitive observation of the first hours of life. In professional practice, death is classified as earlyand late depending on the postpartum survival time, with Brazilian indicators revealing 53.2% of occurrences related to the first 6 days of life. Given the negative context, this study aimed to reveal the epidemiological profile of neonatal mortality in the state of Rio de Janeiro and relate the causes that may have corroborated the occurrences. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with cuts between the years 2008 to 2018 (11 years) which, after the data collected from the federal platform TabNet, were distributed in frequency tables for descriptive statistical analysis using the SPSS software version 24.0. From the data collected, it can be stated that the largest proportion of deaths occurred in the early neonatal stage, especially in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which over the years had the highest number of occurrences of all states, but with a pending period of average investigation of the last triennium of 16%. The majority of deaths occurred in the hospital environment, in premature male babies, born by cesarean delivery, low birth weight, of brown race/color with causes of death from conditions originating from the perinatal period such as pneumonia, born to women aged between 20 to 29 years, with study time of 12 years or more. Maternal and child health is a priority within public health policies, however, the population suffers from the reduction or stagnation of investments that optimize the strengthening of the policy by expanding the network of access to consultations, tests, treatment, andmonitoring of puerperal needs. The overload of health professionals working in the unit can also make it difficult to provide care since there is productivity to be achieved, which can interfere with the quality and time of listening and observation of consultations. Given the detailed work, it is concluded that municipal health policies should use their finances to mitigate risk events from prenatal care, turning their eyes to the quality of access to health that it provides in relation to the physical structure, diagnostic equipment, waiting for time and updating of health professionals.
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Widyaningsih, Vitri, and Bhisma Murti. "Antenatal Care and Provision of Basic Immunization in Children Aged 12-23 Months: Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.125.
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ABSTRACT Background: Among the leading causes of global child morbidity and mortality are vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A complete basic immunization for children contains one BCG, three DPT-HB-Hib immunizations, four polio immunizations, and one measles immunizations. Antenatal care visit contributes an important to complete the basic immunization. This study aimed to estimate the effect of antenatal care on the completeness of basic immunization in children aged 12-23 months in Africa using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to examine the effect of antenatal care on the basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Published articles in 2015-2020 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “immunization coverage” OR “vaccination coverage” OR “complete immunization” OR “complete vaccination” OR “full immunization” OR “full vaccination” AND children OR “child immunization” OR “child immunization coverage” NOT “incomplete immunization” OR “incomplete vaccination”. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, and using cross-sectional study design. The selected articles were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results:6 studies from Senegal, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa showed that antenatal care increased basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months (aOR=1.19; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.36; p<0.001) with I2 = 95%). Conclusion: Antenatal care increases basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Keywords: basic immunization, antenatal care, children aged 12-23 months Correspondence: Farida. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutarmi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: faridariza9232@gmail.com. Mobile: 085654415292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.125
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Tikhonova, G. I., and M. S. Bryleva. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE MORTALITY OF THE MALE POPULATION RESIDING IN THE ACTIVITY AREA OF COPER-NICKEL ENTERPRISE." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-510-515.
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Abstract. Introduction. The city-forming enterprise are the main work-givers and the source of socio-economic well-being of monotowns. However, its activities may have a negative impact on the health of workers and citizens. The goal is a differentiated assessment of production activities of a copper-nickel enterprise and its socio-economic policy consequences on mortality of population in monotowns. Methods. Using mortality rates for 5-year age groups averaged for the period 2010-2017 was compared male population of Monchegorsk to Norilsk both are Arctic monotowns placed copper-nickel enterprises, and to Russia. To assess the consequences of copper-nickel enterprise production activities Monchegorsk male population was compared to Russia To assess the effect socio-economic development, Norilsk male population was compared to Monchegorsk. Results. In Monchegorsk working age mortality rate was compared to Russia for circulatory diseases 416.3 and 269.8 per 100,000; for MN 143.5 and 102.5. Also higher for post-working age for circulatory diseases 3962.4 and 3305.8; for MN 1283.8 and 1106.4. In Norilsk circulatory mortality were lower in all age groups compared to Monchegorsk and Russia (215.3 per 100,000 in working age and 2377.2 in post-working age); cancer mortality was lower for working age (74.3 per 100,000) and higher for post-working age (1185.3 per 100,000). Conclusions. Carcinogenic copper-nickel enterprise production activity is the cause of increased MN and circulatory mortality of the male population, which indicates the need to improve occupational and environmental conditions The socio-economic activity of city-forming enterprise in Norilsk, aimed at improving the standard of living and quality of medical care, had reduce the circulatory mortality throughout life and cancer mortality in working age. In older ages, the death risk for MN kept high, suggestive of the priority of measures reducing carcinogenic risk, and enhanced medical and social care for older age groups.
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ROHRBACH, Wolfgang. "PANDEMIJE I POLITIKA OSIGURANjA KROZ VREME." In MODERNE TEHNOLOGIJE, NOVI I TRADICIONALNI RIZICI U OSIGURANjU. Association for Insurance Law of Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxsav21.132r.
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Th e corona pandemic is incredible and, allegedly, a new phenomenon for many Europeans. Th at is why few people know the history of European pandemics. Th e lack of interest (disinterest) in historical development is due to the misconception of many experts. Preventive care and advances in medicine and technology always require only “looking ahead”. Th is (future-oriented) advanced way of thinking and acting meant that any disease that has epidemic proportions can, in the shortest possible time, be “defeated”. However, history shows that in Europe, from the Middle Ages until today, not a century has passed without epidemics or pandemics, and that signifi cant lessons and conclusions for the future could be drawn from any such crisis. Since the 18th century, development has tended more and more towards an insurance-oriented health and social policy, which in the 19th century was called insurance policy. By combining traditional experience with new or modifi ed concepts based on the principle of “preserving tradition, shaping the future”, the insurance industry can adapt to the new requirements of health and social policy, even in a crisis caused by the coronavirus. In this case, there is digitization, with the help of which it is possible to network with new studies and data, in order to improve quality.
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Onishi, Hiroki, Makoto Fujiu, and Junichi Takayama. "Relationship between ages of children riding bicycles involved in traffic accidents and violations of traffic laws and ordinances in Ishikawa Prefecture." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1403.
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In Japan, where the birthrate continues to decline, various initiatives are underway to promote traffic safety for children. Although these efforts have helped reduce the number of traffic accidents involving children, examination of the circumstances under which children were killed or injured in traffic accidents in recent years shows that accidents in which children were riding bicycles accounted for the highest percentage of accidents. We investigated the relationship between the ages of children involved in traffic accidents and violations of traffic laws using traffic accident statistics maintained by the Ishikawa Prefectural Police Headquarters. Our analysis of violations of laws and ordinances with respect to ages of bicyclists involved in car accidents at intersections found that, of all the age categories, elementary school students had the lowest rate of accidents with no violations and the highest rate of accidents involving failure to stop. Junior and senior high school students had lower rates of accidents involving failure to stop than elementary school students. Moreover, at non-intersections, driving safety violations were notably higher for accidents involving bicycling elementary school students than for those in other age groups.
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Ilieva, Desislava. "IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL YOUTH POLICIES BY MEANS OF A PROGRAM-PROJECT APPROACH." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/132.
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ABSTRACT As a result of technological change, demographic trends, discrimination, social insulation and a number of other consequences for society, young people need resilience and the ability to adapt to these challenges. The European Union’s (EU) Youth Strategy aims to engage young people aged between 15- 29 and become active citizens, making the most of the potential of youth policy. In such a way, the social and civic participation of young people in democratic life would be encouraged and the necessary resources would be guaranteed. (1) The implementation of youth policy at national level promotes initiatives for the sustainable development of youth. The main goal of the research is to reveal, analyze and present the role of the program-project activity for imposing state youth policy in Bulgaria through in-depth structural content analysis, as well as through case study. This has a direct bearing on and it contributes to the development of the vision for young people and the stable implementation of the policies pursued in youth sector by the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The object of research and study are legislative acts, programs, and implemented projects in the field of youth policies, and the subject is their impact and importance for the promotion and activation of young people in Bulgaria. The analysis in the field of the overall youth policy at the national level is a necessary precondition both in the strategic and management, and in the imposition of established European practices.
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Pui-Yuk King, Alex, and Kin Wai Michael Siu. "Ethnographic Study of Living Alone Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002048.
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1. IntroductionA report by the United Nations has revealed the number of older adults in the world is projected to reach 1.4 billion by 2030, and this number is expected to increase to 2.1 billion by 2050. This development will place enormous pressure on current healthcare and social protection systems. If life expectancy continues to rise while fertility constantly declines over many years. the ageing of the population will continue to throughout the world. The gigantic numbers of elderly people will place significant pressure on current systems of social protection and global health care. By 2024, it is expected to have nearly 400,000 people over the age of 80 in Hong Kong —a 24.8% increase over the figure recorded in 2014. 2. Problem StatementLike in other Asian cities, the population of Hong Kong exhibits a continuous ageing trend.The change in the population structure will need an improved housing policy and health care system and infrastructure in order to tackle these resulting social problems. The more older adults are living in the city, the greater the numbers of people who are living with dementia. 3. Older Adults Living with Mild Cognitive ImpairmentDementia is characterised by the loss of mental abilities,and by further degeneration over time.This condition is not inevitable, as the hallmark symptoms of cognitive deterioration are not considered to be a normal part of ageing. It is a typical biomedical disease that might appear when the brain is affected by some specific diseases, such as a series of small strokes damage the brain and cause confusion, speech problems and progressive loss of memory and cognition. This gradual decline in cognitive functions causes people to need extra support for daily living. A person who is having slightly problems with planning, reasoning and also remembering may be classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 4. Universal DesignUD (universal design) is classified as the practice of making things in ways that involve almost no extra cost, but offer attractive yet functional styles that are fulfilling all people, regardless of each individual’s ability or disability. UD addresses the complete span of functionality through making each element and space accessible to its deepest extent by careful planning at all different stages of a project. 5. Participant Observation An interpretive approach is adopted as a research paradigm for understanding the meanings that human beings attach to their experiences. For this study, a centre manager of the well-established Yan Oi Tong Elderly Community Centre recruited three older adults to participate for nine months. These people were living with MCI in a rural district. Prior to this study, these three elders engaged in a participative design workshop that was organised by the same researcher. The workshop had two sessions, and explored the participants’ latent needs concerning home decoration and product design for public housing.Observational visits were conducted with each participant every two weeks for a nine-month period. The participants are referred to as CH, CP and SK, and they were aged between 79 and 85 years old.6. DiscussionTheme 1: Fear of being alone.The participants described their experiences of facing loneliness. Although they felt that their memories were getting worse, they could still express how loneliness was one of the most difficult challenges that they had to face day-by-day. SK said that ‘I want to do my preferred activities,and don’t want to stay at home all the time!’ Theme 2: Recognition of incompetence.The older persons suffering from MCI believed that they were, to varying degrees, incompetent in dealing with day-to-day activities. As CP explained, ‘I have become useless and cannot remember things recently…’ Theme 3: Lack of neighbourhood spirit. For older people living alone in public housing, neighbours become the most reliable people after their families. Older participants reported that they commonly displaced their house keys due to their gradual memory loss. They had to make duplicate front door keys, and gave them to neighbours who they trusted.To deal with such problems, a product design or system could be pre-installed in housing facilities that would enable better communication or connection between neighbours, and allow older residents to become closer to others.7. ConclusionThis ethnographic study has investigated the latent, unfulfilled needs of older persons living with MCI. Building rapport with these older participants was an important step at the beginning of the study.This finding of “Fear of being alone”, “Lack of neighbourhood spirit”also revealed that regular visits by community centre staff and local social workers should be organised to provide older community members and stakeholders with more attention regarding their day-to-day activities and their relations to society as a whole in order to eliminate “Recognition of incompetence”.
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Erdei, Renáta J., and Anita R. Fedor R. Fedor. "The Phenomenon and the Characteristics of Precariate in Hungary: Labormarket situation, Precariate, Subjective health." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10284.
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Anita R. Fedor- Renáta J. Erdei Abstract The focus of our research is labor market integration and the related issues like learning motivation, value choices, health status, family formation and work attitudes. The research took place in the North Great Plain Region – Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza region, Debrecen, Cigánd district (exception), we used the Debrecen and the national database of the Graduate Tracking System. Target groups: 18-70 year-old age group, women and women raising young children, 15-29 year-old young age group, high school students (graduate ones) fresh university graduates. The theorethical frameworks of the precariate research is characterized by a multi-disciplinar approach, as this topic has sociological, economic, psychological, pedagogical, legal and health aspects. Our aim is to show whether There is relevance between the phenomenon of precariate and labor market disadvantage and how individual insecurity factors affect a person’s presence in the labor market. How the uncertainties in the workplace appear in different regions and social groups by expanding the theoretical framework.According to Standing precariate is typical to low gualified people. But I would like to see if it also typical to highly qualifiled young graduates with favourable conditions.It is possible or worth looking for a way out of the precarious lifestyle (often caused by objective reasons) by combining and using management and education.Are there definite features in the subjective state of health of groups with classic precariate characteristics? Results The research results demonstrate that the precarious characteristics can be extended, they are multi-dimensional.The personal and regional risk factors of labor market exclusion can develop both in different regions and social groups. Precarized groups cannot be connected exclusively to disadvantaged social groups, my research has shown that precarious characteristics may also appear, and the process of precarization may also start among highly qualified people. Precariate is a kind of subjective and collective crisis. Its depth largely depends on the economic environment, the economic and social policy, and the strategy and cultural conditions of the region. The results show, that the subjective health of classical precar groups is worse than the others.
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Rosochacka-Gmitrzak, Magdalena. "I, THE WIFE’S CARER. MEN FROM THE TRADITIONALISTS/SILENT GENERATION ON THEIR (NEW) IDENTITY." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/26.
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Despite transformations of culture of ageing taking place and pinpointing lesser trivialization of ageing, in many CEE countries and globally, further-reaching approach to ageing experiences and meanings attributed by individuals of either gender have not come of age. Neither has it gained enough attention to cause a significant change towards truly inclusive perspectives or practices. This problem applies to men remaining to a certain extent imperceptible as prime caregivers to their chronically ill wives or partners.. By desk research, own research interpretation and literature review, the paper addressed men caregivers identity. Findings suggest the identity to be shaped by a relationship, and its story, with caregiven wife, identity spoiling as a result of stigma associated with caregiving experience and low social recognition of it. The study recognizes matters to be further assessed and may lay foundations for new directions. It also translates onto gerontological practice by recognizing factors which may assist caregiving professionals and possibly policy makers in better addressing the needs of caregiving individuals.
Reports on the topic "Aged care policy"
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Hills, Thomas, Gus O'Donnell, Andrew Oswald, Eugenio Proto, and Daniel Sgroi. Understanding Happiness: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Karen Brandon. The Social Market Foundation, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-21-7.
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Everyone wants to be happy. Over the ages, tracts of the ancient moral philosophers – Plato, Aristotle, Confucius – have probed the question of happiness. The stirring words in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence that established ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness’ as ‘unalienable Rights’ served as the inspiration that launched a nation, the United States of America. Yet, more than 240 years later, the relationship between government’s objectives and human happiness is not straightforward, even over the matters of whether it can and should be a government aim. We approach this question not as philosophers, but as social scientists seeking to understand happiness through data. Our work in these pages is intended to enhance understanding of how the well-being of individuals and societies is affected by myriad forces, among them: income, inflation, governance, genes, inflation, inequality, bereavement, biology, aspirations, unemployment, recession, economic growth, life expectancies, infant mortality, war and conflict, family and social networks, and mental and physical health and health care. Our report suggests the ways in which this information might be brought to bear to rethink traditional aims and definitions of socioeconomic progress, and to create a better – and, yes, happier – world. We explain what the data say to us: our times demand new approaches. Foreword by Richard Easterlin; Introduced by Diane Coyle.
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Werny, Rafaela, Marie Reich, Miranda Leontowitsch, and Frank Oswald. EQualCare Policy Report Germany : Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone. Frankfurter Forum für interdisziplinäre Alternsforschung, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.69905.
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The policy review is part of the project EQualCare: Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone, a three-year international project involving four countries: Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. EQualCare interrogates inequalities by gender, cultural and socio-economic background between countries, with their different demographics and policy backgrounds. As a first step into empirical analysis, the policy review aims to set the stage for a better understanding of, and policy development on, the intersections of digitalisation with intergenerational care work and care relationships of older people living alone in Germany. The policy review follows a critical approach, in which the problems policy documents address are not considered objective entities, but rather discursively produced knowledge that renders visible some parts of the problem which is to be solved as other possible perspectives are simultaneously excluded. Twenty publicly available documents were studied to analyse the processes in which definitions of care work and digital (in)equalities are circulated, translated and negotiated between the different levels of national government, regional governments and municipalities as well as other agencies in Germany. The policy review consists of two parts: a background chapter providing information on the social structure of Germany, including the historical development of Germany after the Second World War, its political structure, information on the demographic situation with a focus on the 60+ age group, and the income of this age group. In addition, the background presents the structure of work and welfare, the organisation of care for old people, and the state of digitalisation in Germany. The analysis chapter includes a description of the method used as well as an overview of the documents chosen and analysed. The focus of this chapter is on the analysis of official documents that deal with the interplay of living alone in old age, care, and digitalisation. The analysis identified four themes: firstly, ageing is framed largely as a challenge to society, whereas digitalisation is framed as a potential way to tackle social challenges, such as an ageing society. Secondly, challenges of ageing, such as need of care, are set at the individual level, requiring people to organise their care within their own families and immediate social networks, with state support following a principle of subsidiarity. Thirdly, voluntary peer support provides the basis for addressing digital support needs and strategies. Publications by lobby organisations highlight the important work done by voluntary peer support for digital training and the benefits this approach has; they also draw attention to the over-reliance on this form of unpaid support and call for an increase in professional support in ensuring all older people are supported in digital life. Fourthly, ageing as a hinderance to participation in digital life is seen as an interim challenge among younger old people already online.
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Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1002.
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The majority of sexually active girls aged 15–19 in developing countries are married, and married adolescent girls tend to have higher rates of HIV infection than their sexually active, unmarried peers. Married adolescent girls represent a sizable fraction of adolescents at risk and experience some of the highest rates of HIV prevalence of any group. Nonetheless, married adolescents have been marginal in adolescent HIV/AIDS policies and programs and have not been the central subjects for programs aimed at adult married women. This paper offers a partial explanation for why married adolescents have so often been overlooked, the reasons why marriage might bring elevated risk of HIV, initial analytic tools to assist policymakers in determining how to accord appropriate levels of priority to the marriage process, five brief case studies, and a menu of potential policy interventions and actions to make married adolescents an integral part of reproductive health and HIV-prevention initiatives.
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Penje, Oskar, and Anna Berlina. Recruitment and retention in the welfare sector: Nordic good practice. Nordregio, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2021:1.2001-3876.
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The Nordic welfare sector is facing significant challenges when it comes to providing effective social care services. While the demand for services for a rapidly growing elderly population is constantly increasing, the workforce delivering social care services is shrinking, with many workers reaching retirement age. Tackling the challenges related to recruitment and retention of qualified staff – and developing innovative approaches to the delivery of social care services – is becoming increasingly urgent, particularly in rural and sparsely populated areas (SPAs). This policy brief gives an overview of examples across the Nordic Region aimed at tackling these resource challenges and exploring innovative ways of organising and delivering social care services in rural areas and SPAs. It is based on a desk study funded by the Nordic Welfare Centre (see more about this on the last page).
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Aranco, Natalia, Pablo Ibarrarán, and Marco Stampini. Open configuration options Prevalence of care dependence among older persons in 26 Latin American and the Caribbean countries. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004250.
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Rapid population aging will drive a strong increase in the demand for long-term care services in Latin America and the Caribbean. To inform policy making, in this study we present novel estimates of the number of care dependent older persons in 26 countries of the region. For ten of these countries, estimates are based on existing survey data. For the remaining 16 countries, we use a statistical model to predict the prevalence of care dependence based on the relationship between this condition and age, sex and health status. We also forecast the number of care dependent older persons in the years 2035 and 2050. On average, we find that 14% of the over-65 population is care dependent in 2020, and this average prevalence is predicted to grow to 16% in 2050. Driven mostly by the increase in the size of the older population in the region, the number of care dependent older persons is expected to grow by a factor of three over the same period, from 8 million in 2020 to 23 million in 2050.
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Rau, Stefan. Bridge to Future Livable Cities and City Clusters in the People’s Republic of China: Policy Opportunities for High-Quality Urban Development. Asian Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210372-2.
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The achievements in rapid urbanization and industrialization of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) over the past 40 years were historic. But they came at high environmental and social costs. By 2050, the country will be a high-income, four-generation urban society. Yet, according to the United Nations, the PRC’s population will have halved by 2100. Many cities will lose population and businesses. This will be equally historic and requires urgent action. The author recommends focusing on urban rehabilitation and retrofitting to make cities more livable—with a green circular zero-waste economy, aiming at low-carbon, climate-resilient cities—and making cities healthy and friendly for people of all ages.
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Lazdane, Gunta, Dace Rezeberga, Ieva Briedite, Elizabete Pumpure, Ieva Pitkevica, Darja Mihailova, and Marta Laura Gravina. Sexual and reproductive health in the time of COVID-19 in Latvia, qualitative research interviews and focus group discussions, 2020 (in Latvian). Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/lxku5a.
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Qualitative research is focused on the influence of COVID-19 pandemic and restriction measures on sexual and reproductive health in Latvia. Results of the anonymous online survey (I-SHARE) of 1173 people living in Latvia age 18 and over were used as a background in finalization the interview and the focus group discussion protocols ensuring better understanding of the influencing factors. Protocols included 9 parts (0.Introduction. 1. COVID-19 general influence, 2. SRH, 3. Communication with health professionals, 4.Access to SRH services, 5.Communication with population incl. three target groups 5.1. Pregnant women, 5.2. People with suspected STIs, 5.3.Women, who require abortion, 6. HIV/COVID-19, 7. External support, 8. Conclusions and recommendations. Data include audiorecords in Latvian of: 1) 11 semi-structures interviews with policy makers including representatives from governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in sexual and reproductive health, information and health service provision. 2) 12 focus group discussions with pregnant women (1), women in postpartum period (3) and their partners (3), people living with HIV (1), health care providers involved in maternal health care and emergency health care for women (4) (2021-02-18) Subject: Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keywords: Sexual and reproductive health, COVID-19, access to services, Latvia
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Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa: Towards a public law perspective on constitutional privacy in the era of digitalisation. Digital Pathways at Oxford, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/04.
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In this working paper, our focus is on the constitutional debates and case law regarding the right to privacy, adopting a method that is largely theoretical. In an accompanying separate working paper, A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector, we employ the analysis developed here and focus on the specific case of digital technologies in the health sector. The topic and task of these papers lie at the confluence of many areas of contemporary society. To demonstrate and apply the argument of this paper, it would be possible and valuable to extend its analysis into any of numerous spheres of social life, from energy to education to policing to child care. In our accompanying separate paper, we focus on only one policy domain – the health sector. Our aim is to demonstrate our argument about the significance of a public law perspective on the constitutional right to privacy in the age of digitalisation, and attend to several issues raised by digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. For the most part, we focus on technologies that have health benefits and privacy costs, but we also recognise that certain technologies have health costs and privacy benefits. We also briefly outline the recent establishment (and subsequent events) in South Africa of a contact tracing database responding to the COVID-19 pandemic – the COVID-19 Tracing Database – a development at the interface of the law enforcement and health sectors. Our main point in this accompanying paper is to demonstrate the value that a constitutional right to privacy can bring to the regulation of digital technologies in a variety of legal frameworks and technological settings – from public to private, and from the law of the constitution to the ‘law’ of computer coding.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Elizabeth Benninger, Tabitha Hrynick, and Santiago Ripoll. Youth COVID-19 Vaccine Engagement in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.040.
Full textAbstract:
Despite overall progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates in Cleveland, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minority communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. Vaccine hesitancy among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among minority youth (ages 12-18) in Cleveland, Ohio. While public discourse may label young people as “vaccine hesitant,” we found that there were hesitation differences based on social location and place. We found the greatest vaccine hesitancy among older youth (15+ years old), particularly those from minoritized communities. Unvaccinated youth were also more likely to be from families and friend groups that were unvaccinated. While some expressed distrust of the vaccines, others reported that COVID-19 prevention was not a priority in their lives. Instead, concerns over food security, livelihood, and education take precedence. Minority youth were more likely to report negative experiences with authorities, including teachers at their schools and police in their communities. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is embedded in a context that drives relationships of mistrust between minority communities and authorities, with implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Young people’s attitudes toward vaccines are further patterned by experiences within their community, school, family, and friend groups.